CN106949954A - A kind of fiber-optic vibration signal supervisory instrument and method - Google Patents
A kind of fiber-optic vibration signal supervisory instrument and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106949954A CN106949954A CN201710154455.2A CN201710154455A CN106949954A CN 106949954 A CN106949954 A CN 106949954A CN 201710154455 A CN201710154455 A CN 201710154455A CN 106949954 A CN106949954 A CN 106949954A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
- G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of fiber-optic vibration signal supervisory instrument and method, device includes narrowband coherent source, photoswitch, optical circulator, Optical Fiber Sensing Array, the first fiber coupler, delay optical fiber, connection optical fiber, the second fiber coupler, the first smooth kerr medium, the second smooth kerr medium, the 3rd fiber coupler, balanced detector and data acquisition and Control card.Method is interfered again after carrying out nonlinear phase shift to two-way interference light respectively using two light kerr mediums, and then control photoswitch to be modulated the narrow band light that narrowband coherent source is sent by signal acquisition and controlling board, pulse narrow band light is formed, the size of transducing signal is obtained by gathering the output signal of balanced detector.The present invention realizes the amplification not used in the case of activated amplifier to transducing signal, improves the phse sensitivity of transducing signal；The complexity of system signal processing equipment is reduced while the responsiveness for improving system, and then reduces system cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of optical fiber sensing, and in particular to a kind of fiber-optic vibration signal supervisory instrument and method.
Background technology
Distributed vibration detection has very big application potential and broad mass market in practical engineering application.Currently large-scale
Monitoring structural health conditions, power cable safety monitoring, the field such as monitoring pipeline safety, circumference security protection obtain more and more widely should
With.Distributed optical fiber vibration sensing is due to remote with distance sensing, the advantages of anti-electromagnetic interference, is sensed compared to traditional electric class
System has unique advantage.But the active demand of the vibration monitoring with extra long distances such as long-distance pipe, national boundaries security protections, need
Distance sensing is expanded to distributed optical fiber vibration detecting system.
Traditional extension distributing optical fiber sensing distance method has：Amplify the power of light source output light using EDFA, use
Raman distributed amplification system carries out distributed air-defense on sensing optic cable to signal, and reflective light intensity is strengthened using dim light grid array
Degree etc..First, the remote distributed optical fiber amplification system based on EDFA amplifying techniques due to by nonlinear effect and modulation not
The influence of stability, limits EDFA peak power output, is also improved using the complicated cost of EDFA amplification systems；Its
Secondary Raman distributed amplification system remote distributed vibration detecting system is influenceed by the both-end such as light of raman pump light, actual
Detection range shortens half, and whole gain amplifier is not uniform enough, and the cost of Raman amplifiction is very high；Again, it is based on
The distributed vibration monitor system of dim light grid array limits grating maximum anti-due to being influenceed by crosstalk between different gratings
Penetrate rate.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, for the letter of the distributed interference-type vibration signal detecting system of existing fiber
Number amplification above shortcomings, it is proposed that a kind of fiber-optic vibration signal supervisory instrument and method, utilize the non-of light kerr medium
Linear behavio(u)r, improves the phse sensitivity of transducing signal, and realizing do not use in the case of activated amplifier to transducing signal
Amplification.
The present invention is for the technical scheme that is used of solution above-mentioned technical problem：
A kind of optical fiber distribution type vibration detection means, it includes narrowband coherent source, photoswitch, optical circulator, optical fiber and passed
Feel array, the first fiber coupler, delay optical fiber, connection optical fiber, the second fiber coupler, the 3rd fiber coupler, balance to visit
Device and data acquisition and Control card are surveyed, narrowband coherent source connects the first port of optical circulator through photoswitch；Optical circulator
Second port connection Optical Fiber Sensing Array, the 3rd port of optical fiber circulator and the first port of the first fiber coupler connect
Connect, the delayed optical fiber of second port of the first fiber coupler is connected with the first port of the second fiber coupler, the first optical fiber
3rd port of coupler is connected through connecting optical fiber with the second port of the second fiber coupler；The 3rd of second fiber coupler
The smooth kerr medium in port first is connected with the first port of the 3rd fiber coupler, the 4th port warp of the second fiber coupler
Second smooth kerr medium is connected with the second port of the 3rd fiber coupler；The 3rd port and the 4th end of 3rd fiber coupler
Mouth is connected respectively to the first input port, the second input port of balanced detector, the delivery outlet of balanced detector and data acquisition with
The second port of the first port connection of Control card, data acquisition and Control card is connected to the input port of photoswitch.
By such scheme, the delay fiber lengths are 2 times of adjacent weak reflector element interval in Optical Fiber Sensing Array.
By such scheme, the first smooth kerr medium and the second smooth kerr medium structural parameters are consistent.
By such scheme, the narrowband coherent source is semiconductor narrow band laser or narrow band fiber laser.
By such scheme, the photoswitch is electrooptic modulator, or acousto-optic modulator, or semiconductor optical amplifier, or magnetic
Photoswitch, or electroabsorption modulator.
By such scheme, the Optical Fiber Sensing Array is the bragg grating array of antiradar reflectivity, or antiradar reflectivity
Reflection mirror array.
Present invention also offers a kind of method that above-mentioned fiber-optic vibration signal supervisory instrument realizes vibration signal detection, including
Following steps：
1) the arrowband coherent light of narrowband coherent source output is modulated into pulse coherence narrow band light after light opens the light；
2) pulse coherence narrow band light incides the first port of optical fiber circulator, then from the second port of optical fiber circulator
The Optical Fiber Sensing Array being made up of some weak reflector elements is coupled to after outgoing；
3) the pulse coherence narrow band light of Optical Fiber Sensing Array reflection is returned to after optical fiber circulator, passes through optical fiber circulator
The first port of the first fiber coupler is coupled to after 3rd port outgoing, two pulses phase is divided into by the first fiber coupler
The electricity of dry light, respectively the first pulse coherence light and the second pulse coherence light, the first pulse coherence light and the second pulse coherence light
Field E1、E2It is expressed asWithWherein R is the weak reflection of Optical Fiber Sensing Array
The reflectivity of unit, E is the electric field of narrowband coherent source emergent light,WithRespectively the first pulse coherence light and the second pulse
The phase shift transmission of coherent light；
First pulse coherence light is after the second port outgoing of the first fiber coupler by postponing fiber coupling to second
The first port of fiber coupler, the second pulse coherence light is after the 3rd port outgoing of the first fiber coupler by connecting light
Fibre incides the second port of the second fiber coupler, and the first pulse coherence light and the second pulse coherence light are in the second fiber coupling
Interfered in device, pass through the electric field E of the 3rd port output light of the second fiber coupler3With the electric field of the 4th port output light
E4Respectively：
E3By inciding the first port of the 3rd fiber coupler, E after the first smooth kerr medium4Pass through the second smooth Ke Er
The second port of the 3rd fiber coupler, E are incided after medium3With E4Interfere, then pass through in the 3rd fiber coupler
It is E that 3rd port of the 3rd fiber coupler and the 4th port, which export electric field,5And E6Two-beam, wherein electric field E5With electric field E6
Respectively：
Wherein, K is the nonlinear factor of the first smooth kerr medium and the second smooth kerr medium, and L is the first smooth kerr medium
With the length of the second smooth kerr medium；
4) the 3rd port output of the 3rd fiber coupler is optically coupling to the first input port of balanced detector, the 3rd optical fiber
The 4th port output of coupler is optically coupling to the second input port of balanced detector, response of the two-way light in balanced detector
I1,2For
Wherein, I1Take plus sige I2Minus sign is taken, then the output signal I of balanced detector is：
Wherein, P0=| E |2For the input power of light source, the first smooth kerr medium, the second smooth kerr medium parameter selection are full
Foot
5) the output signal I of balanced detector is obtained by signal acquisition and controlling board；
6) photoswitch is controlled to be modulated the narrow band light that narrowband coherent source is sent by signal acquisition and controlling board,
Pulse narrow band light is formed, by the position of pulse two-way time orientation sensing signal correspondence reflector element, is visited by gathering balance
The output signal I for surveying device obtains the size of transducing signal.
By such scheme, the step 2) in, the weak reflection of the wavelength of pulse coherence narrow band light in Optical Fiber Sensing Array
In the middle of the reflectance spectrum area of unit.
By such scheme, the step 3) in, delay fiber lengths is between adjacent weak reflector elements in Optical Fiber Sensing Array
Every 2 times.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1st, two-way interference light is carried out respectively using two light kerr mediums again interfering after nonlinear phase shift, utilized
The non-linear nature of light kerr medium, improves the phse sensitivity of interference sensing signal, realizes and do not use activated amplifier
In the case of amplification to transducing signal；
2nd, due to traditional optical amplifier need not be used, the responsiveness and distance sensing of system, reduction system are improved
The complexity of system signal handling equipment, also reduce further system cost.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of embodiment of the present invention optical fiber distribution type vibration detection means；
In figure：1- narrowband coherent sources, 2- photoswitches, 3- optical circulators, the first port of 301- optical circulators, 302- light
The second port of circulator, the 3rd port of 303- optical circulators, the weak reflector elements of 4-, 5- Optical Fiber Sensing Arrays, the light of 6- first
Fine coupler, the first port of the fiber couplers of 601- first, the second port of the fiber couplers of 602- first, the light of 603- first
3rd port of fine coupler, 7- delay optical fiber, 8- connection optical fiber, the fiber couplers of 9- second, the fiber couplers of 901- second
First port, the second port of the fiber couplers of 902- second, the 3rd port of the fiber couplers of 903- second, 904- second
4th port of fiber coupler, the smooth kerr mediums of 10- first, the smooth kerr mediums of 11- second, the fiber couplers of 12- the 3rd,
The first port of the fiber couplers of 121- the 3rd, the second port of the fiber couplers of 122- the 3rd, the fiber couplers of 123- the 3rd
The 3rd port, the 4th port of the fiber couplers of 124- the 3rd, 13- balanced detectors, the first of 131- balanced detectors be defeated
Entrance, the second input port of 132- balanced detectors, the delivery outlet of 133- balanced detectors, 14- signal acquisition and controlling boards,
The first port of 141- signal acquisition and controlling cards, the second port of 142- signal acquisition and controlling cards.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with principle and feature further description of the drawings and Examples to the present invention.
As shown in figure 1, the optical fiber distribution type vibration detection means described in the embodiment of the present invention, it includes narrowband coherent source
1st, photoswitch 2, optical circulator 3, Optical Fiber Sensing Array 5, the first fiber coupler 6, delay optical fiber 7, connection optical fiber 8, the second light
Fine coupler 9, the 3rd fiber coupler 12, balanced detector 13 and data acquisition and Control card 14, narrowband coherent source 1 are passed through
Photoswitch 2 connects the first port 301 of optical circulator 3；The connection Optical Fiber Sensing Array 5 of second port 302 of optical circulator 3, light
3rd port 303 of fine circulator 3 is connected with the first port 601 of the first fiber coupler 6, and the of the first fiber coupler 6
The delayed optical fiber 7 of Two-port netwerk 602 is connected with the first port 901 of the second fiber coupler 9, and the 3rd of the first fiber coupler 6 the
Port 603 is connected through connecting optical fiber 8 with the second port 902 of the second fiber coupler 9；3rd end of the second fiber coupler 9
Mouth 903 is connected through the first smooth kerr medium 10 with the first port 121 of the 3rd fiber coupler 12, the second fiber coupler 9
4th port 904 is connected through the second smooth kerr medium 11 with the second port 122 of the 3rd fiber coupler 12；3rd fiber coupling
3rd port 123 of device 12 and the 4th port 124 are connected respectively to the first input port 131, second input of balanced detector 13
Mouth 132, the delivery outlet 133 of balanced detector 13 is connected with data acquisition with the first port 141 of Control card 14, data acquisition
The input port of photoswitch 2 is connected to the second port 142 of Control card 14.
Narrowband coherent source 1 is semiconductor narrow band laser or narrow band fiber laser.
Photoswitch 2 is electrooptic modulator, or acousto-optic modulator, or semiconductor optical amplifier, or magneto-optic shutter, or electric absorption
Modulator.
Optical Fiber Sensing Array 5 be antiradar reflectivity bragg grating array, or antiradar reflectivity reflection mirror array.
The method that fiber-optic vibration signal supervisory instrument of the present invention realizes vibration signal detection, comprises the following steps：
1) the arrowband coherent light that narrowband coherent source 1 is exported opens the light by light and be modulated into pulse coherence narrow band light after 2；
2) pulse coherence narrow band light incides the first port 301 of optical fiber circulator 3, then from the of optical fiber circulator 3
The Optical Fiber Sensing Array 5 being made up of some weak reflector elements 4 is coupled to after the outgoing of Two-port netwerk 302；
Wherein, in the reflectance spectrum area of weak reflector element 4 of the wavelength of pulse coherence narrow band light in Optical Fiber Sensing Array 5
Between；
3) the pulse coherence narrow band light that Optical Fiber Sensing Array 5 reflects is returned to after optical fiber circulator 3, passes through optical fiber circulator
The first port 601 of the first fiber coupler 6 is coupled to after 3 outgoing of the 3rd port 303, by 6 points of the first fiber coupler
Into two pulses coherent light, respectively the first pulse coherence light and the second pulse coherence light, the first pulse coherence light and the second arteries and veins
The electric-field intensity for rushing coherent light is expressed as E1、E2；
First pulse coherence light is coupled to after the outgoing of second port 602 of the first fiber coupler 6 by postponing optical fiber 7
The first port 901 of second fiber coupler 9, threeth port 603 outgoing of the second pulse coherence light from the first fiber coupler 6
The second port 902 of the second fiber coupler 9, the first pulse coherence light and the second pulsion phase are incided by connecting optical fiber 8 afterwards
Dry light is interfered in the second fiber coupler 9, is then exported respectively by the 3rd port 903 of the second fiber coupler 9
The electric field E of light3With the electric field E of the output light of the 4th port 9044, wherein, delay optical fiber 7 length is adjacent in Optical Fiber Sensing Array 5
2 times of the weak interval of reflector element 4；
E3By the first port 121, E that the 3rd fiber coupler 12 is incided after the first smooth kerr medium 104Pass through second
The second port 122 of the 3rd fiber coupler 12, the first smooth light gram of kerr medium 10 and second are incided after light kerr medium 11
Your structural parameters of medium 11 are just the same, E3With E4Interfered in the 3rd fiber coupler 12, form two-way interference light, point
Not Wei first via interference light and the second tunnel interference light, first via interference light and the second tunnel interference light pass through the 3rd fiber coupling respectively
It is E that 3rd port 123 of device 12 and the 4th port 124, which export electric field,5And E6Two-beam；
4) first via interference is optically coupling to the first input port 131 of balanced detector 13, and the interference of the second tunnel is optically coupling to flat
Second input port 132 of weighing apparatus detector 13, response of the two-way interference light in balanced detector 13 is respectively I1,2；Balance detection
The output signal of device 13 is I；
5) the output signal I of balanced detector 13 is obtained by signal acquisition and controlling board 14；
6) narrow band light for controlling photoswitch 2 to send narrowband coherent source 1 by signal acquisition and controlling board 14 is carried out
Modulation, forms pulse narrow band light, flat by collection by the position of pulse two-way time orientation sensing signal correspondence reflector element
The output signal I of weighing apparatus detector 13 obtains the size of transducing signal.
Operated more than repeating, distributed vibration signal detection long-term in real time can be carried out.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not intended to limit the invention, it is all the present invention spirit and
Principle etc, any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made etc., it should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of optical fiber distribution type vibration detection means, it is characterised in that it includes narrowband coherent source, photoswitch, ring of light shape
Device, Optical Fiber Sensing Array, the first fiber coupler, delay optical fiber, connection optical fiber, the second fiber coupler, the 3rd fiber coupling
Device, balanced detector and data acquisition and Control card, narrowband coherent source connect the first port of optical circulator through photoswitch；
The second port connection Optical Fiber Sensing Array of optical circulator, the 3rd port of optical fiber circulator and the first of the first fiber coupler
Port is connected, and the delayed optical fiber of second port of the first fiber coupler is connected with the first port of the second fiber coupler, the
3rd port of one fiber coupler is connected through connecting optical fiber with the second port of the second fiber coupler；Second fiber coupler
The 3rd the first smooth kerr medium of port be connected with the first port of the 3rd fiber coupler, the 4th of the second fiber coupler the
The smooth kerr medium in port second is connected with the second port of the 3rd fiber coupler；3rd port of the 3rd fiber coupler and
4th port is connected respectively to the first input port of balanced detector, the second input port, the delivery outlet and data of balanced detector
Collection is connected with the first port of Control card, and the second port of data acquisition and Control card is connected to the input of photoswitch
Mouthful.
2. optical fiber distribution type vibration detection means according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the delay fiber lengths are
2 times of adjacent weak reflector element interval in Optical Fiber Sensing Array.
3. optical fiber distribution type vibration detection means according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the first smooth kerr medium
It is consistent with the second smooth kerr medium parameter.
4. optical fiber distribution type vibration detection means according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the narrowband coherent source is
Semiconductor narrow band laser or narrow band fiber laser.
5. optical fiber distribution type vibration detection means according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the photoswitch is that electric light is adjusted
Device processed, or acousto-optic modulator, or semiconductor optical amplifier, or magneto-optic shutter, or electroabsorption modulator.
6. optical fiber distribution type vibration detection means according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the Optical Fiber Sensing Array is
The bragg grating array of antiradar reflectivity, or antiradar reflectivity reflection mirror array.
7. a kind of fiber-optic vibration signal supervisory instrument according to any one of the claims 1~6 realizes that vibration signal is examined
The method of survey, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1) the arrowband coherent light of narrowband coherent source output is modulated into pulse coherence narrow band light after light opens the light；
2) pulse coherence narrow band light incides the first port of optical fiber circulator, then from the second port outgoing of optical fiber circulator
The Optical Fiber Sensing Array being made up of some weak reflector elements is coupled to afterwards；
3) the pulse coherence narrow band light of Optical Fiber Sensing Array reflection is returned to after optical fiber circulator, passes through the 3rd of optical fiber circulator the
The first port of the first fiber coupler is coupled to after the outgoing of port, being divided into two pulses by the first fiber coupler is concerned with
The electric field of light, respectively the first pulse coherence light and the second pulse coherence light, the first pulse coherence light and the second pulse coherence light
E1、E2It is expressed asWithWherein R is the weak reflection list of Optical Fiber Sensing Array
The reflectivity of member, E is the electric field of narrowband coherent source emergent light,WithRespectively the first pulse coherence light and the second pulsion phase
The phase shift transmission of dry light；
First pulse coherence light is after the second port outgoing of the first fiber coupler by postponing fiber coupling to the second optical fiber
The first port of coupler, the second pulse coherence light enters after the 3rd port outgoing of the first fiber coupler by connecting optical fiber
The second port of the second fiber coupler is mapped to, the first pulse coherence light and the second pulse coherence light are in the second fiber coupler
Interfere, pass through the electric field E of the 3rd port output light of the second fiber coupler3With the electric field E of the 4th port output light4Point
It is not：
E3By inciding the first port of the 3rd fiber coupler, E after the first smooth kerr medium4Pass through the second smooth kerr medium
The second port of the 3rd fiber coupler, E are incided afterwards3With E4Interfered in the 3rd fiber coupler, then pass through the 3rd
It is E that 3rd port of fiber coupler and the 4th port, which export electric field,5And E6Two-beam, wherein electric field E5With electric field E6Respectively
For：
Wherein, K is the nonlinear factor of the first smooth kerr medium and the second smooth kerr medium, and L is the first smooth kerr medium and
The length of two smooth kerr mediums；
4) the 3rd port output of the 3rd fiber coupler is optically coupling to the first input port of balanced detector, the 3rd fiber coupling
The 4th port output of device is optically coupling to the second input port of balanced detector, response I of the two-way light in balanced detector1,2
For
Wherein, I1Take plus sige I2Minus sign is taken, then the output signal I of balanced detector is：
Wherein, P0=| E |2For the input power of light source, the first smooth kerr medium, the second smooth kerr medium parameter selection are met
5) the output signal I of balanced detector is obtained by signal acquisition and controlling board；
6) control photoswitch to be modulated the narrow band light that narrowband coherent source is sent by signal acquisition and controlling board, formed
Pulse narrow band light, by pulse two-way time orientation sensing signal from reflector element position, by gathering balance detection
The output signal I of device obtains the size of transducing signal.
8. the method that fiber-optic vibration signal supervisory instrument according to claim 7 realizes vibration signal detection, its feature exists
In the step 2) in, in the reflectance spectrum area of the weak reflector element of the wavelength of pulse coherence narrow band light in Optical Fiber Sensing Array
Between.
9. the method that fiber-optic vibration signal supervisory instrument according to claim 7 realizes vibration signal detection, its feature exists
In the step 3) in, delay fiber lengths are 2 times of adjacent weak reflector element interval in Optical Fiber Sensing Array.
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| CN109724685A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-05-07 | 武汉理工大学 | Fiber grating underwater sound sensing array demodulation method and system based on Fizeau interference |
| CN111623866A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-09-04 | 山西大学 | Device and method for measuring vibration mode of nano optical fiber |
| CN114323251A (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2022-04-12 | 武汉理工大学 | Signal equalization device and method for distributed optical fiber phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer |
| CN117109721A (en) * | 2023-10-25 | 2023-11-24 | 之江实验室 | Scattering point position searching device, searching method and demodulation method in DAS system |
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| CN117109721B (en) * | 2023-10-25 | 2024-01-30 | 之江实验室 | Scattering point position searching device, searching method and demodulation method in DAS system |
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