CN110411719A - Grinding machine tailstock dynamic stiffness measurement device and evaluation method - Google Patents
Grinding machine tailstock dynamic stiffness measurement device and evaluation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110411719A CN110411719A CN201910603548.8A CN201910603548A CN110411719A CN 110411719 A CN110411719 A CN 110411719A CN 201910603548 A CN201910603548 A CN 201910603548A CN 110411719 A CN110411719 A CN 110411719A
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of grinding machine tailstock dynamic stiffness measurement device and and evaluation method, connect force snesor among the grinding machine tailstock center in the device Jing Guo truncation；6 non-contact turbulent flow sensors are fixed on Grinder bench with Magnetic gauge stand respectively, for measuring the X of grinding machine tailstock center, sleeve and shell and the amplitude of Y-direction, force snesor dynamic force voltage signal collected, non-contact turbulent flow sensor amplitude signal collected pass through signal wire respectively, are successively transferred to computer by signal amplifier, AD capture card.The evaluation method includes that the grinding machine tailstock center, sleeve and the shell that calculate separately when lathe is in air transportion and grinding status are poor in the dynamic stiffness of X and Y-direction, dynamic stiffness, and compared with respective given threshold, examine whether the dynamic stiffness of grinding machine tailstock center, sleeve and shell meets the requirements and whether tailstock entirety dynamic stiffness meets the requirements.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of grinding machine tailstock measuring device, especially a kind of grinding machine tailstock dynamic stiffness measurement device and evaluation
Method.
Background technique
The tailstock of grinding machine is one of important component of grinding machine, and for grinding machine when being ground workpiece, grinding machine tailstock cooperates grinding machine head stock frame
Play the role of bearing and centering to workpiece, as shown in Figure 1.The design size and distribution form of numerically control grinder tailstock structure determine
Itself various dynamic characteristics, including quiet, dynamic stiffness.Tailstock unreasonable structural design will lead to the insufficient rigidity of tailstock,
The machining accuracy that the moderate finite deformation and vibration that tailstock generates under the action of workpiece gravity will lead to part reduces.So improving
The vibration resistance of grinding machine tailstock structure, be adapt to important measures that current lathe develops to high quality, high speed, high efficiency it
One.The common main indicator for measuring lathe mechanism vibration resistance is dynamic stiffness, and dynamic stiffness is numerically equal to machine tool structure generation
Dynamic force needed for unit amplitude.Dynamic stiffness is bigger, then for machine tool structure under the effect of certain dynamic force, the amplitude of generation is smaller,
Its vibration resistance is better；Dynamic stiffness is smaller, then machine tool structure is under the effect of certain dynamic force, and the amplitude of generation is bigger, antivibration
Ability is poorer.However, people often only measure grinding machine tail when measuring rigidity since grinding system is complicated dynamical system
The Static stiffness of frame, with practical Grinding Process, the dynamic stiffness difference of grinding machine tailstock greatly, not can correctly reflect grinding machine tail for this
The vibration resistance of frame structure.It is therefore desirable to dynamic stiffness of the grinding machine tailstock in practical Grinding Process be accurately measured, to examine
The vibration resistance of grinding machine tailstock structure is tested, to optimize grinding machine tailstock structure, vibration is reduced, improves product quality, extend lathe
Service life.Based on the above reasons, it is necessary to develop a kind of grinding machine tailstock dynamic stiffness measurement device and evaluation method, opposite grinding tailstock
The dynamic stiffness of frame in the actual processing process is accurately measured, Lai Youhua grinding machine tailstock structure, reduces vibration, improves product matter
Amount.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of grinding machine tailstock dynamic stiffness measurement device and evaluation method, realize opposite grinding tailstock frame actually plus
Dynamic stiffness during work is accurately measured, and to optimize grinding machine tailstock structure, is reduced vibration, is improved product quality.
The technical scheme is that a kind of grinding machine tailstock dynamic stiffness measurement device, including head frame, head frame are top, workpiece,
Grinding wheel, the grinding machine tailstock center by truncation, force snesor, 6 non-contact turbulent flow sensors, signal amplifier, AD
Capture card and computer.Grinding machine tailstock center by truncation is mounted on tailstock, by the grinding machine of truncation
Force snesor is connected among tailstock center；6 non-contact turbulent flow sensors are fixed on Grinder bench with Magnetic gauge stand respectively
On, for measuring the amplitude of grinding machine tailstock center, sleeve and shell three part X and Y-direction, force snesor dynamic collected
Power voltage signal, non-contact turbulent flow sensor amplitude signal collected pass through signal wire respectively, successively amplify by signal
Device, AD capture card are transferred to computer, by computer with software by Kalman filter theory, to voltage signal be filtered into
Row processing processing and analysis, realize the standard to the dynamic stiffness of tailstock center, sleeve and shell in the practical Grinding Process of grinding machine
Really measurement.
Further, the grinding machine tailstock center by truncation is by a length of L1Grinding machine tailstock center existPlace's truncation
It forms, and respectively stamps four threaded holes on two cross sections of truncation, it can be by force snesor and by cutting by threaded hole
The grinding machine tailstock center of disconnected processing connects, and obtains the stress feelings of grinding machine tailstock center X and Y-direction in Grinding Process
Condition.
Further, the force snesor respectively has a square flange up and down, and square flange is designed with spiral shell on four angles
Pit, the force snesor are three-dimensional force transducer, and for measuring X, the size of tri- direction institute stress of Y, Z, maximum range is
1KN。
Further, the sensitivity of the non-contact turbulent flow sensor is 0.1 μm, range 1mm, for measuring grinding machine tail
Frame is top, sleeve and shell three part X and Y-direction amplitude.
Further, the software on the computer is filtered voltage signal, is adopted by Kalman filter theory
Calculation processing is carried out to formula (6) with formula (1):
P′k=APk-1AT+Q (2)
Kk=P 'kHT(HP′kHT+R)-1 (4)
Pk=(1-KkH)P′k (6)
Wherein,Kalman estimate value, Pk: kalman estimate error co-variance matrix,Predicted value, P 'k: prediction
Error co-variance matrix, Kk: kalman gain,Measure surplus, A: state-transition matrix, uk: system input vector, B: defeated
Enter gain matrix, H: calculation matrix, Q: covariance matrix.
A kind of evaluation method of grinding machine tailstock dynamic stiffness, using above-mentioned grinding machine tailstock dynamic stiffness measurement device, including it is following
Step:
(1) lathe is calculated when be in dry running state, and grinding machine tailstock center, sleeve and shell are dynamic rigid X and Y-direction
Degree:
When being in dry running state by computer software record lathe first, the stress F of grinding machine tailstock center X and Y-directionx1
And Fy1And the respective amplitude L of grinding machine tailstock center, the X of sleeve and these three positions of shell and Y-directionx1Ly1, by formulaWithBe calculated grinding machine tailstock center, sleeve and shell in dry running X and Y-direction it is respective
Dynamic stiffness Kx1、Ky1；
(2) when calculating lathe is in grinding status, the dynamic stiffness of grinding machine tailstock center, sleeve and shell in X and Y-direction:
Firstly, workpiece is mounted between the top grinding machine tailstock center with Jing Guo truncation of a frame, wheel grinding is allowed
Workpiece, when being in grinding status by computer software record lathe, the stress F of grinding machine tailstock center X and Y-directionx2And Fy2,
And the respective amplitude L of grinding machine tailstock center, the X of sleeve and these three positions of shell and Y-directionx2Ly2, by formula:WithBe calculated grinding machine tailstock center, sleeve and shell in grinding X and Y-direction it is each it is automatic just
Spend Kx2、Ky2；
(3) calculate grinding machine and be in grinding and when dry running, grinding machine tailstock center, sleeve and shell dynamic stiffness each autodyne
It is worth Δ Kx=Kx2-Kx1With Δ Ky=Ky2-Ky1, and with the dynamic stiffness threshold k that respectively setsX sets value、KY sets valueIt compares, examines grinding machine tail
Frame is top, whether the dynamic stiffness of sleeve and shell meets the requirements and whether tailstock entirety dynamic stiffness meets the requirements；
(4) dynamic stiffness for judging and improving grinding machine tailstock center, sleeve and shell, meets grinding machine tailstock entirety dynamic stiffness
It is required that:
If the dynamic stiffness difference DELTA K in grinding machine tailstock center, sleeve or shellx>KX sets valueOr Δ Ky>KY sets value, then need to this
Grinding machine tailstock center, sleeve or the shell of dynamic stiffness difference improve；If grinding machine tailstock center, sleeve and shell are respective
The threshold value that dynamic stiffness difference is set before being all larger than, then grinding machine tailstock center, sleeve and shell require to improve to meet respectively
The requirement of dynamic stiffness, so that grinding machine tailstock be made integrally to meet the requirement of dynamic stiffness.
The beneficial effect of measuring device and evaluation method of the invention is:
The present invention is based on opposite grinding bed tailstock center, the design of force snesor has developed a kind of grinding machine tailstock dynamic stiffness measurement
Device and evaluation method realize the standard to the dynamic stiffness of tailstock center, sleeve and shell in the practical Grinding Process of grinding machine
Really measurement reduces vibration to optimize grinding machine tailstock structure, improves product quality.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is grinding machine schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is grinding machine tailstock center schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is grinding machine tailstock center truncation schematic diagram；
In figure: being (a) the tailstock center main view after truncation, be (b) the tailstock center section rear end after truncation
Face view, (c) the flat section front end face view of the tailstock center after truncation；
Fig. 4 is force snesor schematic diagram；
In figure: (a) being main view, (b) be mid section figure；
Fig. 5 is that force snesor and tailstock center cooperate schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is a whole set of measuring device schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described with embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figures 1 to 6, a kind of grinding machine tailstock dynamic stiffness measurement device, including head frame 5, head frame are top 6, workpiece 8,
Grinding wheel 7, the grinding machine tailstock center 1 by truncation, 2,6 non-contact turbulent flow sensors 3 of force snesor, signal amplification
Device, AD capture card and computer.Grinding machine tailstock center 1 by truncation is mounted on tailstock 4, by truncation
Grinding machine tailstock center 1 among connect force snesor 2；6 non-contact turbulent flow sensors 3 are fixed on mill with Magnetic gauge stand respectively
On bed workbench, for measuring the amplitude of grinding machine tailstock center, sleeve and shell three part X and Y-direction, 2 institute of force snesor
Dynamic force voltage signal, the amplitude signal collected of non-contact turbulent flow sensor 3 of acquisition pass through signal wire respectively, successively pass through
Cross signal amplifier, AD capture card is transferred to computer, handled by computer and analyzed, realize it is practical to grinding machine grinding add
The accurate measurement of the dynamic stiffness of tailstock center, sleeve and shell during work.
(1) the grinding machine tailstock center Jing Guo truncation
As shown in figures 1 and 2, grinding machine tailstock center 10, top a length of L1, diameter φ1.In order to accurately measure grinding
Top X and Y-direction stress condition in journey, must by it is topPlace's truncation, is shown in Fig. 3 (a), and in two cross sections of truncation, see
Fig. 3 (b), (c) on respectively stamp four MkThreaded hole, each top cross section center of circle of threaded hole distance of center circle is d1, two neighboring
Screw thread pitch of holes is d2, in this way, three-dimensional force transducer can be connected with top by threaded hole, obtain grinding
The stress condition of top X and Y-direction in journey.
(1) force snesor
Such as Fig. 4 (a), (b), shown in Fig. 5,3 diameter of force snesor is φ2, a height of H1.About 3 force snesor respectively have one just
Square flange 9, side length a, a height of H2, square flange has M on 3 four angleskThreaded hole, each threaded hole distance of center circle is just
Rectangular diagonal line intersection point is d1, two neighboring screw thread pitch of holes is d2.The force snesor is capable of measuring X, suffered by tri- directions Y, Z
The size of power, maximum range 1KN.
(2) non-contact turbulent flow sensor
The non-contact turbulent flow sensor sensitivity is 0.1 μm, range 1mm, for measuring grinding machine tailstock center, sleeve
With the amplitude of shell three part X and Y-direction.When in use, non-contact turbulent flow sensor must be fixed on Magnetic gauge stand
On Grinder bench.
(3) a whole set of measuring device
A whole set of measuring device includes: grinding machine tailstock center, force snesor, 6 non-contact turbulent flows by truncation
Sensor, signal amplifier, AD capture card and computer.It measures dynamic stiffness of the grinding machine tailstock in practical grinding process and needs elder generation
Measure X and the corresponding dynamic force F of Y-directionx、FyWith amplitude Lx、Ly.For this reason, it may be necessary to by force snesor and by truncation
It is top to be connected by threaded hole, as shown in Figure 5.Measure the dynamic of grinding machine tailstock center X, Y both direction in grinding process
Power voltage signal is successively transferred on computer by signal amplifier, AD capture card, the software on computer by signal wire
By Kalman filter theory, voltage signal is filtered, as shown in formula (1) to formula (6).
P′k=APk-1AT+Q (2)
Kk=P 'kHT(HP′kHT+R)-1 (4)
Pk=(1-KkH)P′k (6)
Wherein,Kalman estimate value, Pk: kalman estimate error co-variance matrix,Predicted value, P 'k: prediction
Error co-variance matrix, Kk: kalman gain,Measure surplus, A: state-transition matrix, uk: system input vector, B: defeated
Enter gain matrix, H: calculation matrix, Q: covariance matrix.
6 non-contact turbulent flow sensor A are fixed in addition, needing to be installed with Magnetic gauge stand on Grinder bench1、A2、
A3、A4、A5、A6To measure the X at these three positions of top, sleeve and tailstock shell and the amplitude L of Y-directionx1、Lx2、Lx3、Ly1、Ly2、
Ly3.Amplitude signal equally passes through signal wire, is successively transferred on computer by signal amplifier, AD capture card.Entire measurement
Device is as shown in Figure 6.When grinding machine is processed, the every 0.1s of computer obtains the dynamic force and grinding machine tail of a grinding machine tailstock center
The each position amplitude of frame, and according to formulaGrinding machine tailstock is calculated in grinding process, top, sleeve and tailstock shell this three
The dynamic stiffness K of a position X and Y-directionx1、Ky1、Kx2、Ky2、Kx3、Ky3。
A kind of evaluation method of grinding machine tailstock dynamic stiffness, comprising the following steps:
(1) force snesor is connect with the grinding machine tailstock center Jing Guo truncation by threaded hole, successively with signal wire
Connect force snesor, signal amplifier, AD capture card and computer.6 non-contact turbulent flow sensors are passed through into magnetism respectively
Gauge stand is fixed on Grinder bench, measures grinding machine tailstock center, sleeve and shell X and the side Y in grinding process respectively
To amplitude, be sequentially connected non-contact turbulent flow sensor, signal amplifier, AD capture card and computer with signal wire.Debugging
Entire measuring system works normally.
(2) lathe is started, lathe is made to be in dry running state, lathe is recorded by computer software and is in dry running state
When, the stress F of grinding machine tailstock center X and Y-directionx1And Fy1And the X of grinding machine tailstock center, sleeve and these three positions of shell
With the amplitude L of Y-directionx11、Lx21、Lx31、Ly11、Ly21、Ly31, grinding machine tailstock center, sleeve and shell are then obtained in dry running
When X and Y-direction dynamic stiffness Kx11、Ky11、Kx21、Ky21、Kx31、Ky31, calculation formula such as formula (7) to formula (12).
(3) wheel grinding workpiece is allowed, when recording lathe by computer software and being in grinding status, grinding machine tailstock center X
With the stress F of Y-directionx2And Fy2And the amplitude of grinding machine tailstock center, the X of sleeve and these three positions of shell and Y-direction
Lx12、Lx22、Lx32、Ly12、Ly22、Ly32, then obtain grinding machine tailstock center, sleeve and shell grinding when X and Y-direction it is dynamic just
Spend Kx12、Ky12、Kx22、Ky22、Kx32、Ky32, calculation formula such as formula (13) to formula (18).
(4) calculate grinding machine and be in grinding and when dry running, tailstock center, sleeve and shell dynamic stiffness difference DELTA kx1、
Δky1、Δkx2、Δky2、Δkx3、Δky3, and the threshold value k with settingx10、ky10、kx20、ky20、kx30、ky30It compares, examines tail
Whether frame each section dynamic stiffness meets the requirements and whether tailstock entirety dynamic stiffness meets the requirements, calculation formula such as formula (19) to public affairs
Formula (24).
Δkx1=Kx12-Kx11 (19)
Δky1=Ky12-Ky11 (20)
Δkx2=Kx22-Kx21 (21)
Δky2=Ky22-Ky21 (22)
Δkx3=Kx32-Kx31 (23)
Δky3=Ky32-Ky31 (24)
(5) if Δ kx1>kx10Or Δ ky1>ky10, then opposite grinding bed tailstock center is needed to improve；If Δ kx2>kx20Or
Δky2>ky20, then opposite grinding bed tailstock is needed to improve；If Δ kx3>kx30Or Δ ky3>ky30, then opposite grinding tailstock frame shell is needed
Body improves；If the threshold value that each section dynamic stiffness difference is set before being all larger than, tailstock center, sleeve and shell are all needed
It improves to meet the requirement of each section dynamic stiffness, so that grinding machine tailstock be made integrally to meet the requirement of dynamic stiffness.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of grinding machine tailstock dynamic stiffness measurement device, including head frame, head frame is top, workpiece, grinding wheel, by the mill of truncation
Bed tailstock center, force snesor, 6 non-contact turbulent flow sensors, signal amplifier, AD capture card and computer, feature
Be: the grinding machine tailstock center by truncation is mounted on tailstock, the grinding machine tail by truncation
The top intermediate connection force snesor of frame；6 non-contact turbulent flow sensors are fixed on grinding machine work with Magnetic gauge stand respectively
On platform, for measuring the amplitude of grinding machine tailstock center, sleeve and shell three part X and Y-direction, the force snesor is acquired
Dynamic force voltage signal and non-contact turbulent flow sensor amplitude signal collected pass through signal wire respectively, successively pass through
Cross signal amplifier, AD capture card is transferred to computer, by computer with software by Kalman filter theory, to voltage signal
It is filtered and carries out processing processing and analysis, realize to tailstock center in the practical Grinding Process of grinding machine, sleeve and shell
The accurate measurement of dynamic stiffness.
2. grinding machine tailstock dynamic stiffness measurement device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described by truncation
Grinding machine tailstock center is by a length of L1Grinding machine tailstock center existPlace is truncated, and respectively stamps on two cross sections of truncation
Four threaded holes can be connected force snesor and the grinding machine tailstock center Jing Guo truncation by threaded hole, be obtained
The stress condition of grinding machine tailstock center X and Y-direction in Grinding Process.
3. grinding machine tailstock dynamic stiffness measurement device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the force snesor is each up and down
There is a square flange, threaded hole is designed on four angles of square flange, the force snesor is three-dimensional force transducer, is used
In measurement X, the size of tri- direction institute stress of Y, Z, maximum range 1KN.
4. grinding machine tailstock dynamic stiffness measurement device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the non-contact turbulent flow passes
The sensitivity of sensor is 0.1 μm, range 1mm, for measuring grinding machine tailstock center, three part X of sleeve and shell and Y-direction
Amplitude.
5. grinding machine tailstock dynamic stiffness measurement device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the software on the computer
By Kalman filter theory, voltage signal is filtered, calculation processing is carried out using formula (1) to formula (6):
P′k=APk-1AT+Q (2)
Kk=P 'kHT(HP′kHT+R)-1 (4)
Pk=(1-KkH)P′k (6)
Wherein,Kalman estimate value, Pk: kalman estimate error co-variance matrix,Predicted value, P 'k: prediction error association
Variance matrix, Kk: kalman gain,Measure surplus, A: state-transition matrix, uk: system input vector, B: input gain
Matrix, H: calculation matrix, Q: covariance matrix.
6. a kind of evaluation method of grinding machine tailstock dynamic stiffness is surveyed using any grinding machine tailstock dynamic stiffness of claim 1-5
Measure device, which comprises the following steps:
(1) when calculating lathe is in dry running state, the dynamic stiffness of grinding machine tailstock center, sleeve and shell in X and Y-direction:
When being in dry running state by computer software record lathe first, the stress F of grinding machine tailstock center X and Y-directionx1With
Fy1And the respective amplitude L of grinding machine tailstock center, the X of sleeve and these three positions of shell and Y-directionx1 Ly1, by formulaWithBe calculated grinding machine tailstock center, sleeve and shell in dry running X and Y-direction it is respective
Dynamic stiffness Kx1、Ky1；
(2) when calculating lathe is in grinding status, the dynamic stiffness of grinding machine tailstock center, sleeve and shell in X and Y-direction:
Firstly, workpiece is mounted between the top grinding machine tailstock center with Jing Guo truncation of a frame, wheel grinding workpiece is allowed,
When being in grinding status by computer software record lathe, the stress F of grinding machine tailstock center X and Y-directionx2And Fy2, and mill
The respective amplitude L of bed tailstock center, sleeve and the X at these three positions of shell and Y-directionx2 Ly2, by formula:WithThe respective dynamic stiffness K of grinding machine tailstock center, sleeve and shell X and Y-direction in grinding is calculatedx2、Ky2；
(3) calculate grinding machine and be in grinding and when dry running, grinding machine tailstock center, sleeve and shell dynamic stiffness respective difference DELTA
Kx=Kx2-Kx1With Δ Ky=Ky2-Ky1, and with the dynamic stiffness threshold k that respectively setsX sets value、KY sets valueIt compares, examines grinding machine tailstock top
Whether the dynamic stiffness of point, sleeve and shell meets the requirements and whether tailstock entirety dynamic stiffness meets the requirements；
(4) dynamic stiffness for judging and improving grinding machine tailstock center, sleeve and shell, meets wanting for grinding machine tailstock entirety dynamic stiffness
It asks:
If the dynamic stiffness difference DELTA K in grinding machine tailstock center, sleeve or shellx>KX sets valueOr Δ Ky>KY sets value, then need dynamic rigid to this
Grinding machine tailstock center, sleeve or the shell of degree difference improve；If grinding machine tailstock center, sleeve and shell are respective dynamic rigid
The threshold value set before difference is all larger than is spent, then grinding machine tailstock center, sleeve and shell require to improve each automatic rigid to meet
The requirement of degree, so that grinding machine tailstock be made integrally to meet the requirement of dynamic stiffness.
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| CN114235043A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-03-25 | 上海理工大学 | Cylindrical grinding chatter recognition and tailstock center force online monitoring and measuring device and method |
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