CN109883629B - Device and method for measuring three-dimensional rigidity of foundation supports of different specifications - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring three-dimensional rigidity of foundation supports of different specifications Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a measuring device and a measuring method for measuring three-dimensional rigidity of foundation supports with different specifications. Wherein the main body frame adopts a semi-closed structure and is designed in an up-and-down split manner. The normal force loading system and the tangential force loading system are internally provided with hollow force sensors, so that real-time monitoring and collection of loading can be realized, and press blocks at the tail end of the loading system can realize local uniform distribution and transmission of force and simulate actual ground foot supporting loading. The displacement measurement system takes the eddy current sensor as a core component, and finally realizes non-contact measurement and collection of the ground foot supporting method and the tangential deformation through the information acquisition system. Based on the structure, the device can realize the rapid measurement and accurate analysis of the three-dimensional static stiffness of the foundation support of different types, has simple integral operation, rapid measurement and reliable result, and has important pioneering significance for the subsequent research of the static stiffness of the foundation support.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of numerical control machine tool design, in particular to a measuring device and a measuring method for rapidly measuring the rigidity of foundation supports with different specifications.
Background
The static stiffness is one of important indexes of machine tool design, and the improvement of the static stiffness of the machine tool is beneficial to the improvement of the efficiency, the processing precision and the surface processing quality of the machine tool. The method is characterized in that the foundation support is simplified into a cushion block-mass block system, and the equivalent rigidity of the cushion block is obtained through a vibration equation and a measured frequency vibration mode. Therefore, the development of a set of testing device which can load pressure in the normal direction and the tangential direction of the foundation support at the same time, enable the stress of the acting surface to be uniform, adjust the pressure at any time, accurately obtain the measured pressure and strain and match the testing device with a rapid and efficient testing method has great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a measuring device and a measuring method for rapidly measuring the supporting rigidity of anchor feet with different specifications. The device has the characteristics of real-time controllability and high stability of normal and tangential pressure loading, loading uniformity of the foundation support, universality of foundation support test, quick availability of foundation rigidity and the like. Meanwhile, a test method for rapidly measuring three-dimensional rigidity of the foundation support is provided based on the device.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a measuring device for measuring three-dimensional rigidity of foundation supports of different specifications comprises a metal working table, a main body frame, a load loading system, a displacement measuring system and a signal acquisition system, wherein the main body frame is arranged on the upper surface of the metal working table and adopts a semi-closed structure and is formed by interconnecting an upper positioning frame and a lower platform, the top and the side part of the upper positioning frame are respectively provided with a normal cylinder pressing hole and a tangential cylinder pressing hole, and the upper surface of the lower platform is provided with a T-shaped groove for mounting foundation supports of different types; the load loading system comprises a hydraulic cylinder, a flange plate, a sensor base, a sensor shell and a pressure head which are sequentially connected with one another, wherein hollow force sensors are arranged in the sensor base and the sensor shell and are connected with the signal acquisition system through leads; the displacement measurement system comprises an eddy current sensor and a magnetic gauge stand, a measuring probe of the eddy current sensor is installed at a measuring point position through the magnetic gauge stand, and the eddy current sensor is connected with the signal acquisition system through a lead and used for realizing non-contact measurement and acquisition of normal and tangential deformation of the anchor support.
Furthermore, a hydraulic cylinder of the load loading system is connected with the normal cylinder hole and the tangential cylinder hole through flanges.
Further, the magnetic gauge stand is adsorbed on the metal worktable.
Further, when measuring the normal stiffness, two eddy current sensors are used simultaneously, one measuring point is arranged at the position of an upper pressing block of the foundation support to be measured, the other measuring point is arranged on the upper surface of a lower platform of the experiment table, the lower measuring point measures the deformation of the lower platform along with the loading of the load, the upper measuring point measures the total deformation of the foundation support and the lower platform, and the difference value of the two is the normal deformation of the foundation support; when the tangential rigidity is measured, only one eddy current sensor is used, a measuring point is arranged at the side position of the upper pressing block of the anchor support to be measured, and data obtained by measurement is tangential deformation of the anchor support.
A method for rapidly measuring three-dimensional rigidity of a foundation support comprises the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the steps that a foundation support to be tested is placed in a main body frame, the position of the foundation support is adjusted, meanwhile, an eddy current sensor is installed and adjusted by using a magnetic gauge stand, a load loading system is used for manually adjusting a normal force and a tangential force, the foundation support is preloaded, the preloading force is the maximum load borne by the foundation support, and the loading force is monitored by data collected and processed by a signal acquisition system so as to eliminate the influence of an initial clearance of the foundation support on the rigidity of the foundation support and prevent the foundation support from generating tangential slip due to overlarge tangential load;
(2) keeping the initial load for 10-20min, calibrating the hollow force sensor and the displacement sensor after the residual stress in the magnetic gauge stand is completely released, namely when the displacement change obtained by processing of the signal acquisition system does not generate ascending or descending trend type fluctuation any more along with time, and acquiring the information of force and displacement;
(3) gradually unloading the normal force on the foundation support, and acquiring information of corresponding load and displacement acquired by a signal acquisition system after unloading a part of force;
(4) and exporting the information acquired in the signal acquisition system to corresponding software, fitting by applying a rigidity definition formula, and further outputting a static rigidity experimental curve of the foundation support under different loading conditions.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the integral structure of the invention adopts statics analysis design and optimization, and has the characteristics of light weight, small volume and easy assembly under the condition of meeting the rigidity required by the test. Meanwhile, the loading system and the measurement and acquisition system are installed on the main body structure in a modularized mode, and the device has the characteristics of easiness in assembly and disassembly, easiness in maintenance and easiness in adjustment.
2. Because the normal load borne by the simulated foundation support is adopted for measurement, compared with the traditional method for assembling the whole machine and identifying the rigidity of the foundation, the device has the advantages of rapidness, accuracy and strong operability in measuring the three-dimensional rigidity. In addition, in the actual experiment process, the rigidity curve obtained by fitting the collected data through related software is well corresponding to the rigidity in the actual working condition, the error is not more than 10%, and the expectation and the requirement of measurement are met in the existing stage.
3. Each hollow force sensor in the device is connected with a signal acquisition system through a wire, so that the real-time monitoring and acquisition of a loaded load can be realized, and meanwhile, a pressing block of the foundation support to be tested, which is in contact with the tail end of the load loading system, can realize the locally uniform distribution and transmission of force to simulate the actual loading of the foundation support.
4. In the device, a displacement measuring system takes an eddy current sensor as a core component to realize non-contact measurement and collection of a ground foot supporting method and tangential deformation, signals collected by the eddy current sensor and a hollow force sensor are input into a signal collecting system through a lead, signal processing is carried out through a collecting card integrated with a collecting box in the signal collecting system, and the signals are transmitted to Labview software in the signal collecting system for visual processing, and the loading and measuring system can be conveniently and quickly debugged and corrected according to the change of force and displacement information obtained by software processing. Based on the structure of the device and a rigidity definition formula, the device can realize rapid measurement and accurate analysis of three-dimensional rigidity of different types of foundation supports.
5. The main body frame adopts a semi-closed structure and has higher rigidity, and the T-shaped groove reserved on the upper surface of the lower platform enables the main body frame to have higher universality, so that the measurement of three-dimensional rigidity of different types of foundation supports can be met.
6. A hollow force sensor in the load loading system is arranged in a sensor base and a sensor shell, so that a hydraulic cylinder, the hollow force sensor and a pressure head are combined compactly.
7. The testing method avoids the influence of the initial clearance of the foundation support on the rigidity, and has the advantages of simple and efficient operation and strong universality.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a main body frame according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the load loading system of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a displacement measuring system according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the apparatus of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1-upper positioning frame, 2-normal cylinder hole, 3-tangential cylinder hole, 4-lower platform, 5-T-shaped groove, 6-hydraulic cylinder, 7-flange plate, 8-sensor base, 9-hollow force sensor, 10-sensor shell, 11-pressure head, 12-pressure block, 13-ground foot support, 14-electric eddy current sensor, 15-magnetic gauge stand, 16-signal acquisition system, 17-metal worktable, 18-main body frame, 19-tangential load loading system, 20-normal load loading system, 21-displacement measurement system,
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a main frame structure of the measuring device is shown in fig. 1, the main frame structure is a platform and a foundation of the measuring device, and therefore, the reliability of the rigidity of the main frame structure is particularly important, the main frame is made of cast steel, in addition, considering the rapidity of the actual construction of the main frame structure, the cheapness of assembling and disassembling sizing blocks of different types and the manufacturability of processing, casting and transporting and installing, the main frame is designed into an upper part and a lower part which are split, and the upper part and the lower part are assembled by twelve bolt connecting pairs. The final main body frame adopts a semi-closed structural design and is formed by interconnecting an upper positioning frame 1 and a lower platform 4, three load loading systems can be installed on a normal pressure cylinder hole 2 and a tangential pressure cylinder hole 3 reserved in the upper positioning frame 1, the pressure loading and deformation conditions of three directions of simultaneous measurement are met, the rapid installation and debugging of other components of the test bed and foundation support are guaranteed through the structural design, and the structural design has better rigidity compared with a frame structure. The position of the normal cylinder hole 2 is established at the central position of the three-way rigidity positioning frame of the test bed, the normal cylinder hole is connected with the hydraulic cylinder 6 through a flange plate, and normal pressure loading is carried out on a foundation support on the basis of the test bed in the test process; the tangential cylinder hole 3 is established on the side face of the positioning frame on the upper portion of the test bed, the tangential position corresponds to the normal cylinder hole, the tangential cylinder hole is connected with the hydraulic cylinder 6 through the flange plate, the position of the flange plate can be adjusted according to height parameters of foundation supports of different sizes and models, and tangential load loading is conveniently carried out on a sizing block on the basis of the lower portion platform 4 of the test bed in the experiment process. In addition, a T-shaped groove 5 is reserved on the upper surface of the lower platform 4, and an installation path is reserved for possible measuring instruments and foundation bolts.
Fig. 2 illustrates a structural diagram of a load loading system, specifically, in order to better simulate the condition that the machine tool body loads the pressure of the foundation support in the actual working condition, the loading force mode is optimized through simulation of ANSYS software, and finally the pressure is loaded in a mode that a hydraulic cylinder-hollow force sensor-pressure head are connected in series to push a pressure block. The hydraulic cylinder 6 of the load loading system is connected with the upper positioning frame 1 of the test bed through a flange 7, meanwhile, the sensor base 8 is embedded into the tail end of the hydraulic cylinder 6, the hollow force sensor 9 is also connected with the sensor base 8 in the same mode, the sensor shell 10 is connected with the sensor base 8 through bolts, the hollow force sensor 9 is protected, finally, the load generated by the hydraulic cylinder is applied to the pressing block 12 through the pressing head 11, the load transmission is completed, when normal load is manually loaded in the test process, the pressure generated by the hydraulic cylinder 6 fixed on the test bed can be finally uniformly applied to the foundation support 13 through the pressing block after optimized design, and meanwhile, the hollow force sensor 9 arranged in the load loading system can collect the loaded load into a corresponding program in the acquisition system in real time. Similarly, the tangential load of the load loading system is that the hydraulic cylinder 6 fixed on the lateral side of the positioning frame 1 on the upper part of the experiment table generates force load, and the force load is transmitted to the pressure head 11 through the pressure measuring system and then transmitted to the side surface of the pressing block 12. The tangential load is collected in the same manner as the normal load described above. The connecting mode ensures that the numerical value of the load measurement is consistent with the load generated by the hydraulic cylinder, is stable and reliable, and is convenient to mount and dismount.
Fig. 3 illustrates the structure and the working principle of the displacement measurement system, and specifically, as follows, in order to avoid the deformation of the structure of the experiment table due to stress and further generate errors on the measurement result, the displacement measurement system is not in contact with the main structure of the experiment table during installation. The measuring probe of the eddy current sensor 14 is installed at a measuring point position through the magnetic gauge stand 15, and the magnetic gauge stand 15 is adsorbed on the metal working table 17 below the experiment table main body frame 18, so that the deformation of the experiment table main body frame structure cannot influence the position of the magnetic gauge stand. The specific data collection process is as follows, when measuring the normal stiffness, two eddy current sensors are used at the same time, one measuring point is arranged at the position of the upper pressing block 12 of the foundation support, the other measuring point is arranged on the upper surface of the lower platform 4, along with the loading of the load, the deformation of the foundation of the experiment table is measured at the lower measuring point, the total deformation of the foundation support 13 and the experiment table is measured at the upper measuring point, and the difference value of the two is the normal deformation of the foundation support 13. When the tangential rigidity is measured, because the tangential load is far smaller than the normal load, measurable tangential deformation can not be generated at the lower part of the foundation support 13 through measurement, only one eddy current sensor 14 needs to be used, a measurement point is arranged at the side position of the pressing block 12 at the upper part of the foundation support 13, and the measured data is the tangential deformation of the foundation support 13.
Fig. 4 illustrates the components of the overall measurement system, and it can be seen from the figure that the main body frame 18, the tangential load loading system 19, the normal load loading system 20, the displacement measurement system 21 and the signal acquisition system 16 are compact in structure and clear in module, and can ensure the rapid and accurate measurement of the three-directional rigidity of the anchor support 21. The signal acquisition system is mainly responsible for monitoring and extracting pressure data and displacement data in the experimental process, amplifies and converts electric signals into electronic signals by using the signal acquisition system and matching software, and acquires the electronic signals to a computer through a USB interface, so that the purpose of monitoring and acquiring the pressure and the displacement in real time is achieved.
Based on the measuring device, the invention also provides a method for quickly measuring the three-dimensional static stiffness of the ground support, which comprises the following steps:
when measuring the tangential rigidity, the anchor support to be measured is arranged in the main body frame, the position of the anchor support is adjusted, meanwhile, the eddy current sensor is installed and adjusted by applying the magnetic gauge stand, the eddy current sensor is kept away from the side plane of the far-distance end of the tangential loading system of the upper pressing block of the anchor support, a working gap is kept, meanwhile, the normal loading system applies load required by the experiment to the normal direction of the anchor support, the tangential loading system loads the load in the tangential direction of the anchor support, and data collected and processed by the signal acquisition system monitors the loading force, so that the anchor support is prevented from generating tangential slip due to overlarge tangential load.
And 2, maintaining the initial load for a period of time, calibrating the hollow force sensor and the eddy current sensor after the residual stress in the magnetic gauge stand is completely released, namely when the displacement change acquired in the software integrated by the signal acquisition system does not generate ascending or descending trend type fluctuation any more along with time, and acquiring the information of the load and the displacement.
And 3, gradually unloading the normal load on the foundation support, and after unloading a part of force, acquiring information of the corresponding load and displacement by using the signal acquisition system and importing the information into corresponding software of the signal acquisition system.
And 4, exporting the information acquired in the signal acquisition system to corresponding software, fitting by applying a rigidity definition formula, and further outputting a static rigidity experiment curve of the foundation support under different loading conditions.
The tangential stiffness measurement step is similar and therefore not described in detail.
In conclusion, the rapid measuring device for three-dimensional rigidity of the foundation support can not only rapidly realize accurate loading of the load, but also accurately measure the corresponding deformation displacement, and the rigidity deviation of the rigidity curve obtained by fitting collected test data through related software and the rigidity under the actual working condition is not more than 10%, so that the three-dimensional static rigidity line of the foundation support can be rapidly and accurately measured under the existing conditions.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The foregoing description of the specific embodiments is intended to describe and illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and the above specific embodiments are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many changes and modifications to the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (1)
1. A method for rapidly measuring three-dimensional rigidity of foundation supports is based on a measuring device for measuring three-dimensional rigidity of foundation supports of different specifications and comprises a metal working table, a main body frame, a load loading system, a displacement measuring system and a signal acquisition system, wherein the main body frame is arranged on the upper surface of the metal working table and adopts a semi-closed structure and is formed by mutually connecting an upper positioning frame and a lower platform, the top and the side part of the upper positioning frame are respectively provided with a normal cylinder pressing hole and a tangential cylinder pressing hole, and the upper surface of the lower platform is provided with a T-shaped groove for mounting different types of foundation supports; the load loading system comprises a hydraulic cylinder, a flange plate, a sensor base, a sensor shell and a pressure head which are sequentially connected with one another, wherein hollow force sensors are arranged in the sensor base and the sensor shell and are connected with the signal acquisition system through leads; the displacement measurement system includes eddy current sensor and magnetic gauge stand, and eddy current sensor's measuring probe passes through the magnetic gauge stand and installs in measuring the position, eddy current sensor pass through the wire with signal acquisition system connects for realize the non-contact measurement and the collection of lower margin supporting normal direction, tangential deformation, its characterized in that includes following step:
(1) the method comprises the steps that a foundation support to be tested is placed in a main body frame, the position of the foundation support is adjusted, meanwhile, an eddy current sensor is installed and adjusted by using a magnetic gauge stand, a load loading system is used for manually adjusting a normal force and a tangential force, the foundation support is preloaded, the preloading force is the maximum load borne by the foundation support, and the loading force is monitored by data collected and processed by a signal acquisition system so as to eliminate the influence of an initial clearance of the foundation support on the rigidity of the foundation support and prevent the foundation support from generating tangential slip due to overlarge tangential load;
(2) keeping the initial load for 10-20min, calibrating the hollow force sensor and the displacement sensor after the residual stress in the magnetic gauge stand is completely released, namely when the displacement change obtained by processing of the signal acquisition system does not generate ascending or descending trend type fluctuation any more along with time, and acquiring the information of force and displacement;
(3) gradually unloading the normal force on the foundation support, and acquiring information of corresponding load and displacement acquired by a signal acquisition system after unloading a part of force;
(4) and exporting the information acquired in the signal acquisition system to corresponding software, fitting by applying a rigidity definition formula, and further outputting a static rigidity experimental curve of the foundation support under different loading conditions.
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| CN110553829A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2019-12-10 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0七研究所 | integral flexible joint rigidity measuring device and method |
| CN112264837B (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2022-09-02 | 天津大学 | Cradle type five-axis numerical control machine tool swing table static rigidity detection device and method thereof |
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| CN203716017U (en) * | 2014-02-18 | 2014-07-16 | 中铁第五勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Dynamic detection instrument of brace stiffness of ballast bed |
| CN103913385A (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2014-07-09 | 西安交通大学 | Comprehensive experiment table for measuring normal and tangential contact rigidity of mechanical junction surface |
| CN203940990U (en) * | 2014-06-17 | 2014-11-12 | 沈阳机床(集团)有限责任公司 | A kind of lathe moves faying face Jing Gangdushiyantai |
| CN203940977U (en) * | 2014-06-17 | 2014-11-12 | 沈阳机床(集团)有限责任公司 | The moving faying face dynamic stiffness testing table of a kind of lathe |
| CN104296980A (en) * | 2014-10-11 | 2015-01-21 | 北京工业大学 | Device and method for testing normal static stiffness characteristics of joint surfaces of shim plate, foundation and foundation bolt of heavy-duty machine tool |
| EP3391019A1 (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2018-10-24 | SOCPRA - Sciences et Génie s.e.c. | Method and apparatus for measuring rigidity distribution |
| JP6679427B2 (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2020-04-15 | 株式会社ミツトヨ | Hardness tester |
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