CN110405033B - High-strength aluminum alloy hot stamping-fiber thermosetting composite re-reinforcing forming process - Google Patents

High-strength aluminum alloy hot stamping-fiber thermosetting composite re-reinforcing forming process Download PDF

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CN110405033B
CN110405033B CN201910639316.8A CN201910639316A CN110405033B CN 110405033 B CN110405033 B CN 110405033B CN 201910639316 A CN201910639316 A CN 201910639316A CN 110405033 B CN110405033 B CN 110405033B
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fiber
aluminum alloy
composite
plate
metal
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CN110405033A (en
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单忠德
孙福臻
张泉达
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Beijing Jike Guochuang Lightweight Science Research Institute Co Ltd
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Beijing Jike Guochuang Lightweight Science Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/02Stamping using rigid devices or tools
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/02Stamping using rigid devices or tools
    • B21D22/022Stamping using rigid devices or tools by heating the blank or stamping associated with heat treatment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/10Die sets; Pillar guides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/16Heating or cooling
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C71/00After-treatment of articles without altering their shape; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C71/02Thermal after-treatment

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

A high-strength aluminum alloy hot stamping-fiber thermosetting composite re-reinforcing process is a composite forming process combining an aluminum alloy hot forming-quenching integrated technology and a fiber interlayer reinforcing mechanism, and is defined as follows: firstly, carrying out an aluminum alloy hot forming-quenching integrated technology, heating an aluminum alloy outer plate to a solid solution temperature, preserving heat for a period of time, and then quickly transferring the aluminum alloy outer plate to a stamping die to realize quick forming and quenching; then, a mixture of fibers and thermosetting resin is made and is also called prepreg, and the prepreg is placed in the middle of a double-layer metal plate part obtained by a thermoforming process to form a structure of a fiber interlayer and a metal laminate; and finally, transferring the fiber interlayer metal laminate composite structure prepared in the last step to a heat treatment furnace for artificial aging treatment, so as to realize a product with composite multidimensional material attributes, wherein metal/nonmetal realizes strong bonding between surface molecules through interlayer compounds.

Description

High-strength aluminum alloy hot stamping-fiber thermosetting composite re-reinforcing forming process
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lightweight forming of metal plates, and particularly relates to a method for researching a forming process of a high-strength aluminum alloy and light carbon fiber composite structure.
Background
The level of military strength determines the speaking right of one country on the social stage, so that the breakthrough of military science and technology is a serious game while the countries in the world vigorously develop the economy of each country. The competition in the aerospace field is particularly intense, the progress and development of a country in the field are restricted by new scientific technology, and the research and development of high-performance complex-structure products become key problems to be solved firstly as the basis for realizing advanced technology. Because high-performance products relate to the advancement of materials, the advancement of processes and the advancement of structural designs, the traditional forming process is difficult to realize the forming of structural members with special materials, special structures and special functions, and the development and the expansion of the advanced forming technology are followed. Products in the aerospace field are required to satisfy both excellent performance requirements and light weight, and therefore light alloy materials such as aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, and titanium alloys are increasingly used in this field. The forming method of the lightweight metal is hot forming, and the forming technology combines heat treatment and hot forming to ensure that the material has good plastic fluidity in the forming stage, is easy to form, and can improve the strength through aging treatment. However, due to the limitation of microstructure and morphology of the metal material, the difference of forming limit thereof is affected, and successful development of products with complex shapes is difficult to realize by using a single forming mode or structure. The wide application prospect of the carbon fiber composite light material in the field of automobile lightweight is combined, and the carbon fiber composite material has the following advantages: 1. light weight and high strength. 1/3, the density of which is almost that of common steel, and the carbon fiber has excellent specific strength and specific modulus and is an extremely excellent structural material; 2. the fatigue resistance is strong; 3. the carbon fiber material has excellent environmental weather resistance, acid and alkali resistance, salt mist and damp heat resistance and long service life; 4. the damping performance is good, and the damping coefficient is higher than that of metal; 5. small thermal expansion washing coefficient, high precision of product shape and size, high stability and other excellent service performance. Therefore, structural compounding and material compounding of light metal materials such as aluminum alloy and carbon fiber are proposed, and while the advantages of light weight of the two materials are fully utilized to realize light weight, a composite forming process of the two materials is also actively developed, so that a formed product has the effect of re-enhancing the forming quality, the forming limit, the mechanical property and the like. How to combine two light materials with high-quality mechanical properties is an innovative forming process, has great significance for developing light aerospace parts with higher strength, and simultaneously has certain guiding significance for the design and development of automobile parts with higher strength according to the continuous development of the field of automobile lightweight.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention aims to provide a high-strength aluminum alloy hot stamping-fiber thermosetting composite re-reinforcing forming process, which combines a new aluminum alloy hot stamping-quenching integrated process technology with a fiber composite material thermosetting technology to achieve the effect of improving the strength of a light alloy part.
In order to achieve the purpose, the high-strength aluminum alloy hot stamping-fiber thermosetting composite re-reinforcing forming process provided by the invention sequentially comprises the following steps of:
1) firstly, heating a heating furnace to the solid solution temperature T of the aluminum alloy plate1And then transferring the plate material into a heating furnace through a mechanical arm or a robot for heating, and then preserving heat for a period of time after the plate material reaches the solid solution temperature to ensure that a supersaturated solid solution is obtained. If the solid solution temperature is too low, alloy elements cannot be completely dissolved in the aluminum base, so that the solid solution supersaturation degree is low, and the strength and hardness of a final product are influenced; the solid solution temperature is too high, which causes coarse grains and even serious overburning, so that the proper solid solution temperature is the most critical process factor in the whole process flow.
2) Taking the plate out of the heating furnace, placing the plate into a die for stamping and forming, and dissipating heat because the plate and air carry out heat radiation in the material transfer process, so that the temperature T of the plate at the beginning of forming is ensured2Below the solution temperature T1. The transfer time of the sheet must not be too long to prevent the initial forming temperature T of the sheet in the mould2The temperature is far lower than the solid solution temperature, so that the plasticity of the plate is poor, the fluidity of the plate in the hot forming process is influenced, and the secondary phase precipitation of an internal tissue is prevented to influence the aging result.
3) After the plate is kept warm in the heating furnace for a period of time, the plate is transferred into a thermal forming die through a robot or a manipulator, an upper die quickly descends to enable the plate to be attached to a lower die to be subjected to plastic deformation for forming, and after the forming is finished, the pressure is maintained for a period of time, so that the part rebound caused by the action of thermal stress is reduced. And cooling water pipelines are arranged in the die, and after the forming is finished, circulating cooling water is introduced to realize rapid quenching in the die. In the hot forming-quenching process, the quenching cooling speed is a key process parameter, and the aperture, arrangement, water flow and the like of a cooling pipeline directly determine the quenching speed of a part in a die. The rapid cooling ensures that an unstable supersaturated solid solution is obtained, so that parts with higher strength can be obtained through subsequent aging treatment; the cooling speed is low, secondary phase structures are generated and separated out, the supersaturation degree is influenced, and the aging strength is further influenced. According to the design requirement of the process, the fiber interlayer composite material consists of an upper layer metal plate and a lower layer metal plate, so that the upper layer metal plate and the lower layer metal plate are formed by two sets of dies in the hot forming process, and the working time can be greatly saved by simultaneously carrying out the hot forming process.
4) Preparing a fiber sandwich material and bonding the fiber material and the metal laminate. The fiber material can be carbon fiber, glass fiber or hemp material, etc., and the mechanical properties of the composite board material are different due to the fibers of different materials; the fiber-reinforced metal laminate can be divided into a unidirectional laminate, a bidirectional orthogonal laminate, an arbitrary-direction laminate and the like according to a fiber laminating mode, and the mechanical properties of the fiber-reinforced metal laminate in all directions are seriously influenced by the fiber laminating mode. The thermosetting resin is used as a medium for bonding the carbon fiber woven structure with the upper and lower parts of the aluminum alloy obtained by thermoforming, and the preparation of the fiber sandwich metal laminate is realized through the binding force between metal/nonmetal surface molecules.
5) Transferring the fiber interlayer metal laminate prepared in the step 4) into a heat treatment furnace for artificial aging, and setting a certain aging heating temperature T3And maintaining the temperature for a period of time. In the artificial aging process, the aluminum alloy structure strengthening phase is dispersed and precipitated, and the resistance of dislocation motion is increased, so that the strength of the material is enhanced. Meanwhile, in the aging temperature range, the fiber composite material enables the two materials (the composite material and the metal matrix) to be connected and bonded due to the thermosetting property of the bonding resin, so that the high-strength and compact light composite high-strength material is formed.
The invention provides a high-strength aluminum alloy hot stamping-fiber thermosetting composite re-reinforcing forming process, which is a composite forming process combining a light aluminum alloy hot forming-quenching integrated technology and a fiber interlayer reinforcing mechanism and aims to provide a light structural material capable of obtaining higher strength. Is defined as: firstly, carrying out hot forming-quenching integrated technology of aluminum alloy, heating the upper and lower layers of aluminum alloy raw materials to a solid solution temperature, preserving heat for a period of time, and then quickly transferring the raw materials to a hot stamping die to realize rapid forming and quenching. The plate solid solution temperature, the plate stamping initial temperature, the stamping speed, the quenching speed, the friction coefficient between a die and the plate and the like in the process are key process parameters, and the flowability, the deformation resistance and the strength limit of the formed material in the forming process are directly determined; then, selecting a proper fiber sandwich material, and determining the diversity of the three-dimensional space structure of the fiber sandwich by optimizing the weaving process, such as the number of fiber layers, the single-layer fiber layer direction and the like. Thermosetting resin and the like are used as adhesives between metal plates and nonmetal fibers, a mixture of the fibers and the thermosetting resin is called prepreg, and the prepreg is placed in the middle of the double-layer metal part obtained in the previous step to form a fiber interlayer and metal laminate composite structure; and finally, transferring the fiber interlayer metal laminate composite structure prepared by the second step of process to an artificial aging furnace for aging treatment, fully utilizing the aging treatment to enable the plate after hot forming to fully precipitate dispersion strengthening phases for further strength enhancement of the plate, realizing strong bonding of the prepreg and the metal laminate at a certain temperature, and achieving the optimal forming effect by setting the optimal aging temperature and aging time.
Through the final artificial aging, the effect of strong bonding between surface molecules of the metal/nonmetal through an interlayer compound is realized, the excellent mechanical properties of two light materials are fully utilized, the ductility and some physical properties of the composite structure material can be improved while the strength is improved, technical guidance in the aspects of process optimization and material supply is provided for the urgent needs of structural members with higher strength and higher performance in the fields of aerospace, automobiles and the like, and the method has certain social significance and scientific research value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the high-strength aluminum alloy hot stamping-fiber thermosetting composite re-reinforcing forming process provided by the invention.
FIG. 2 is a specification diagram of the heat treatment process of the high-strength aluminum alloy hot stamping-fiber thermosetting composite re-reinforcing forming process provided by the invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a composite structure of a fiber-sandwiched metal layer plate according to the high-strength aluminum alloy hot stamping-fiber thermosetting composite re-reinforcing forming process provided by the present invention.
In the figure: 1-aluminum alloy plate, 2-heating furnace, 3-upper plate hot stamping die, 4-lower plate hot stamping die, 5-upper plate, 6-fiber sandwich structure, 7-lower plate, 8-fiber sandwich metal laminate and 9-heat treatment furnace.
Detailed Description
The high-strength aluminum alloy hot stamping-fiber thermosetting composite re-reinforcing forming process provided by the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1-3, the high-strength aluminum alloy hot stamping-fiber thermosetting composite re-reinforcing forming process provided by the invention comprises the following steps in sequence:
1) placing an aluminum alloy plate 1 in a heating furnace 2, heating a hearth of the heating furnace 2 according to a set temperature rise curve, wherein the final heating temperature is the solid solution temperature T of the aluminum alloy1And after the temperature of the plate reaches the temperature of the hearth, the plate is kept warm for a period of time, so that the solid solution has enough supersaturation degree.
2) The metal plate 1 is quickly transferred into hot stamping dies 3 and 4, the transfer process needs to be completed in a short time, and the purpose is to reduce heat loss and temperature reduction caused by heat radiation of the plate and air in the transfer process, so that good plastic fluidity of metal before hot stamping is ensured, the metal is easy to form, and the forming defects are reduced.
3) The upper dies in the hot stamping dies 3 and 4 move downwards quickly, the metal plate is subjected to plastic deformation, and finally the metal plate is attached to the lower die to realize quick forming. Circulating cooling water is introduced into cooling pipelines in the dies 3 and 4, so that the formed parts are rapidly quenched, and the sufficient solid solution supersaturation degree of the material structure during artificial aging heat treatment is ensured. And after the forming is finished, maintaining the pressure for a period of time to prevent the plate from generating obvious rebound deformation under the action of thermal stress and influencing the dimensional precision of the product.
4) And adopting different fiber sandwich materials to carry out three-dimensional space optimization weaving to form fiber sandwich structures with different weaving structures. And (3) soaking the woven fiber interlayer by using thermosetting resin to obtain a fiber reinforced composite material 6, namely a prepreg, and then placing the prepreg in upper and lower thermoforming plates 5 and 7 to obtain a fiber interlayer metal laminate composite material 8.
5) The fiber interlayer metal laminate composite structure material 8 is transferred to a heat treatment furnace 9, and the fixing and bearing state of the fiber interlayer metal laminate composite material 8 is realized through a holding device. Setting a suitable aging temperature T4And the aging time is used, the thermosetting and metal aging strengthening effects of the resin material are fully utilized, the second phase dispersion precipitation strengthening of the metal material is ensured, meanwhile, the nonmetal fiber structure is strongly bonded with the metal plate, and the two materials with excellent performance are combined to obtain the light complex structural part with higher strength.

Claims (5)

1. A high-strength aluminum alloy hot stamping-fiber thermosetting composite re-reinforcing forming process is characterized in that: the process comprises the following steps carried out in sequence:
1) placing an aluminum alloy plate in a heating furnace, heating a hearth of the heating furnace according to a set temperature rise curve, wherein the final heating temperature is the solid solution temperature T of the aluminum alloy1Keeping the temperature for a period of time after the temperature of the plate reaches the temperature of the hearth so as to ensure that the solid solution has enough supersaturation degree;
2) the metal plate is quickly transferred into a hot stamping die, the transfer process needs to be completed in a short time, and the purpose is to reduce heat loss and temperature reduction caused by heat radiation of the plate and air in the transfer process, so that the metal before hot stamping has good plastic fluidity, the metal is easy to form, and the forming defects are reduced;
3) an upper die in the hot stamping die rapidly descends, a metal plate is plastically deformed, and finally the metal plate is attached to a lower die to realize rapid forming; circulating cooling water is introduced into a cooling pipeline in the die, so that the formed part is rapidly quenched, and the sufficient solid solution supersaturation degree of the material structure during artificial aging heat treatment is ensured; after the forming is finished, maintaining the pressure for a period of time to prevent the plate from generating obvious rebound deformation under the action of thermal stress and influencing the dimensional precision of the product;
4) adopting different fiber sandwich materials to carry out three-dimensional space optimization weaving to form fiber sandwich structures with different weaving structures; soaking the woven fiber interlayer with thermosetting resin to obtain a fiber reinforced composite material, namely a prepreg, and then placing the prepreg in upper and lower thermoforming plates to prepare a fiber interlayer metal laminate composite material;
5) transferring the fiber interlayer metal laminate composite material to a heat treatment furnace, and realizing the fixing and bearing state of the fiber interlayer metal laminate composite material through a clamping device; the proper aging temperature T4 and the aging time are set, the thermosetting and metal aging strengthening effects of the resin material are fully utilized, the second phase dispersion precipitation strengthening of the metal material is ensured, meanwhile, the strong bonding of the non-metal fiber structure and the metal plate material is realized, the two materials with excellent performance are combined, and the light complex structural member with higher strength is obtained.
2. The high-strength aluminum alloy hot stamping-fiber thermosetting composite re-reinforcing forming process as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the aluminum alloy plate and the fiber reinforced material are used as two high-quality lightweight materials, and the excellent mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy plate and the fiber reinforced material are combined by utilizing a composite forming process to form a composite structure with higher comprehensive performance, so that the composite structure can replace the traditional structure and functional materials, and the effect of effectively reducing weight is achieved while the strength is improved.
3. The high-strength aluminum alloy hot stamping-fiber thermosetting composite re-reinforcing forming process as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the construction of the prepreg and metal plate composite structure is between the hot forming and the aging heat treatment in the whole process flow, the process flow is reasonably arranged, and the respective advantages of the double processes can be excited through the subsequent aging treatment.
4. The high-strength aluminum alloy hot stamping-fiber thermosetting composite re-reinforcing forming process as claimed in claim 1, wherein: by optimizing the thickness of the metal plate and the three-dimensional weaving structure of the fiber interlayer in the hot forming process, the structural diversity of the composite material can be realized, and the selectivity is provided for structural functional materials with different use requirements through the mechanical property analysis of the composite structural material after aging treatment.
5. The high-strength aluminum alloy hot stamping-fiber thermosetting composite re-reinforcing forming process as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the key technological parameters of the composite forming process, namely the solid solution temperature of the plate, the initial stamping temperature of the plate, the stamping speed, the quenching speed and the friction coefficient between a die and the plate, can be effectively controlled by using an experimental method, and the diversification and operability of the technological process are realized by adjusting the reasonable optimal configuration among the technological parameters, so that the method has certain guiding significance for the technological formulation of materials with different purposes.
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CN110899442B (en) * 2019-12-27 2021-11-16 常州特昊机械制造有限公司 Hot stamping equipment for workpiece machining and using method thereof
CN111231375A (en) * 2020-01-14 2020-06-05 上海交通大学 Hot forming and co-curing integrated forming method for CFRP/aluminum alloy composite structure
CN111186146A (en) * 2020-01-14 2020-05-22 上海交通大学 CFRP/high-strength steel baking hardening hot stamping co-curing integrated forming method
CN111231366B (en) * 2020-01-14 2021-06-01 上海交通大学 CFRP/aluminum alloy hot forming quenching aging co-curing integrated forming method
CN111229874B (en) * 2020-02-18 2021-09-14 南昌航空大学 Cold and hot rapid cyclic aging forming method and device for plate
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