CN110403982B - 一种具有抗菌抗病毒作用的中药组合物及其制备方法、应用 - Google Patents
一种具有抗菌抗病毒作用的中药组合物及其制备方法、应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及中药技术领域,特别涉及一种具有抗菌抗病毒作用的中药组合物及其制备方法、应用。该组合物由蒲公英、杜仲叶、紫苏叶、黄芪和肉桂组成。本发明所述组合物经科学配伍而成,抗菌、抗病毒效果显著,且安全无毒副作用,可作为禽类饲料添加剂和免疫增强剂用于禽类饲养,符合现代农业生态安全养殖、可持续发展的基本要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药技术领域,尤其涉及一种具有抗菌抗病毒作用的中药组合物及其制备方法、应用。
背景技术
随着我国社会经济的不断发展,人民的健康意识逐渐增强,食品安全与健康饮食受到百姓的高度重视。近年来禽类的规模化养殖产业已经向生态化规模养殖方向发展,研发出无毒、无副作用、具有抗菌抗病毒能力饲料添加剂是生态养殖企业市场生存、发展壮大的关键法器。
禽类饲养过程中易患病的根源主要在于病毒与细菌感染。目前,针对禽类的抗菌抗病毒药物以抗生素为主,如四环素类、大环内酯类、β-内酚胺类等,虽然这些抗生素具有促进生长、抗病毒、防病作用,但容易产生抗药性,不宜长期使用,而且在动物产品中的残留也有很大的影响,威胁人们健康。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种具有抗菌抗病毒作用的中药组合物及其制备方法、应用。使得该中药组合物能够明显提高禽类的免疫力、抗病毒和抗菌能力,提高其生存率并改善生长性能,且安全无毒副作用。
本发明提供了一种具有抗菌抗病毒作用的中药组合物由蒲公英、杜仲叶、紫苏叶、黄芪和肉桂组成。
蒲公英,多年生草本植物,《唐本草》记载味甘,平,无毒。具有清热解毒、利尿散结的功效。富含维生素A、维生素C及钾,也含有铁、钙、维生素B2、维生素B1、镁、维生素B6、叶酸及铜。现代药理研究表明:蒲公英提取物具有抗菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、利胆等作用。
杜仲叶,为杜仲的干燥叶。微辛,温。归肝、肾经。夏、秋二季枝叶茂盛时采收,晒干或低温烘干。具有补肝肾,强筋骨的功效。临床用于肝肾不足,头晕目眩,腰膝酸痛,筋骨痿软。杜仲叶最具价值的成份有三种:杜仲绿原酸、杜仲多糖、杜仲黄酮。现代药理研究表明:具有广谱抑菌、抗氧化、清除自由基和增强免疫力等作用,同时可以促进畜禽快速生长;防病治病;替代抗生素,降低饲料成本。
紫苏叶,为紫苏的干燥叶味辛,性温;归肺、脾经;具有散寒解表,宣肺止咳,理气和中,安胎,解毒的功效。主治外感风寒,恶寒发热,头痛无汗,咳嗽气喘,脘腹胀闷,呕恶腹泻,咽中梗阻,妊娠恶阻,胎动不安,食鱼蟹中毒,痈疮蛇毒辣等症状。现代药理研究表明:具有解热、抑菌、抗病毒、促进肠蠕动、镇静、血凝等作用。
黄芪,为物豆科植黄芪的根。性微温、味甘。其有补气升阳、益卫固表、利水消肿以及托疮生肌等功效。现代药理研究表明:具有提高机体免疫力、抗病毒、抑菌、降糖的作用。
肉桂,为樟科植物肉桂的干燥树皮,性味辛、甘,大热;归肾、脾、心、肝经;具有补火助阳、引火归元、散寒止痛、温通经脉之功效。主要分布于热带地区,道地产区包括我国广东、广西2省和越南部分地区。肉桂中化学成分类型丰富,包括挥发油、黄烷醇类、萜类、木脂素类、酚酸类、多糖类等成分。
本发明中选择蒲公英、杜仲叶、紫苏叶、黄芪和肉桂五种原料,经合理组方、科学配伍,使得各组分在抗菌、抗病毒方面表现出协同作用,且安全无毒副作用,因此可作为禽类饲料添加剂和免疫增强剂用于禽类饲养,符合现代农业生态安全养殖、可持续发展的基本要求。
一些实施方案中,所述中药组合物由以下重量份的原料组成:
蒲公英40~60份、杜仲叶13~20份、紫苏叶15~20份、黄芪5~10份和肉桂5~10份。
一些具体实施例中,所述中药组合物由以下重量份的原料组成:
蒲公英60份、杜仲叶13份、紫苏叶15份、黄芪5份和肉桂5份。
一些具体实施例中,所述中药组合物由以下重量份的原料组成:
蒲公英40份、杜仲叶15份、紫苏叶15份、黄芪5份和肉桂5份。
一些具体实施例中,所述中药组合物由以下重量份的原料组成:
蒲公英60份、杜仲叶20份、紫苏叶20份、黄芪10份和肉桂10份。
本发明还提供了所述组合物在制备饲料添加剂和/或禽类免疫增强剂中的应用。
本发明还提供了所述中药组合物的制备方法,取蒲公英、杜仲叶、紫苏叶、黄芪和肉桂加水煎煮提取,过滤,浓缩至浸膏,获得所述中药组合物。
本发明可将各原料混合后进行煎煮提取,也可单独对每种原料分别煎煮提取然后合并各提取液。
本发明中,蒲公英、杜仲叶、紫苏叶、黄芪、肉桂可以是新鲜药材,也可以是市售的中药材饮片,在煎煮提取前先将各新鲜药材或中药材饮片粉碎至50-150目。
一些实施方案中,所述煎煮提取为:
加入原料10倍重量的水第一次煎煮提取1h;收集药渣加8倍量的水第二次煎煮提取1h;收集药渣加5倍量水第三次煎煮提取1h,合并三次煎煮液。
一些实施方案中,所述浓缩后还包括真空干燥、粉碎的步骤,所述真空干燥的温度为60-80℃,所述粉碎的目数为300目。
一些实施方案中,所述粉碎后还包括辐射灭菌的步骤,所述辐射灭菌为采用β射线辐射2h,辐射处理量为2.8-3.2Gy/min。
本发明还提供一种抗菌抗病毒的饲料添加剂,包含本发明所述中药组合物。
本发明还提供一种禽类免疫增强剂,包含本发明所述中药组合物。
本发明提供的抗菌抗病毒的中药组合物,由蒲公英、杜仲叶、紫苏叶、黄芪和肉桂组成。本发明选择蒲公英、杜仲叶、紫苏叶、黄芪和肉桂五种原料,经合理组方、科学配伍,使得各组分在抗菌、抗病毒方面表现出协同作用,能够明显提高禽类的免疫力、抗病毒和抗菌能力,提高其生存率并改善生长性能,且安全无毒副作用。因此可作为禽类饲料添加剂和免疫增强剂用于禽类饲养,符合现代农业生态安全养殖、可持续发展的基本要求。
具体实施方式
本发明公开了一种抗菌抗病毒的中药组合物及其制备方法、应用,本领域技术人员可以借鉴本文内容,适当改进工艺参数实现。特别需要指出的是,所有类似的替换和改动对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的,它们都被视为包括在本发明。本发明的方法及应用已经通过较佳实施例进行了描述,相关人员明显能在不脱离本发明内容、精神和范围内对本文所述的方法和应用进行改动或适当变更与组合,来实现和应用本发明技术。
对所公开的实施例的说明,使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。
下面结合实施例,进一步阐述本发明:
实施例1中药组合物的制备
1、组成:蒲公英60kg、杜仲叶13kg、紫苏叶15kg、黄芪5kg、肉桂5kg。
2、制备方法:以上原料采用单独提取方式进行提取,每种药材分别水提取三次;
(1)第一次提取:加入药材质量十倍的水加热煮沸1小时,用纱布过滤,保留滤液;
(2)第二次提取:取步骤(1)提取后的药渣,加入原药材质量8倍量的水,加热煮沸1小时,用纱布过滤,保留滤液,药渣进行第三次提取;
(3)第三次提取:取步骤(2)提取后的药渣,加入原药材质量5倍量的水,加热煮沸1小时,用纱布过滤,保留滤液,弃掉药渣;
(4)合并三次滤液挥发浓缩至浸膏导入到收集瓶中,4度冰箱冷藏。提取出膏率如下表1:
表1中药材出膏率
名称 | 蒲公英 | 杜仲 | 紫苏叶 | 黄芪 | 肉桂 |
中药材(kg) | 60 | 13 | 15 | 5 | 5 |
浸膏重量(kg) | 18 | 7 | 9 | 3 | 2 |
出膏率 | 30% | 54% | 58% | 61% | 30% |
(4)收集浸膏在温度60-80℃条件下进行真空干燥8h,干燥后经粉碎机粉碎过300目筛,得到中草药饲料添加剂粉末,将粉末混合均匀,提取率见表2:
表2中药材提取率
名称 | 蒲公英 | 杜仲 | 紫苏叶 | 黄芪 | 肉桂 |
中药材(kg) | 60 | 15 | 15 | 5 | 5 |
粉末(kg) | 1.62 | 0.83 | 0.91 | 0.29 | 0.21 |
总提取率 | 2.70% | 5.53% | 6.07% | 5.80% | 4.20% |
(5)将步骤4获得的粉末经辅照仪的β射线辐射2h,辐照处理量为2.8-3.2Gy/min。辐射后进行真空包装,获得本发明中药组合物。
实施例2
1、组成:蒲公英40kg、杜仲叶15kg、紫苏叶15kg、黄芪5kg、肉桂5kg。
2、制备方法:以上原料采用单独提取方式进行提取,每种药材分别水提取三次;
(1)第一次提取:加入药材质量十倍的水加热煮沸1小时,用纱布过滤,保留滤液;
(2)第二次提取:取步骤(1)提取后的药渣,加入原药材质量8倍量的水,加热煮沸1小时,用纱布过滤,保留滤液,药渣进行第三次提取;
(3)第三次提取:取步骤(2)提取后的药渣,加入原药材质量5倍量的水,加热煮沸1小时,用纱布过滤,保留滤液,弃掉药渣;
(4)合并三次滤液挥发浓缩至浸膏导入到收集瓶中,4度冰箱冷藏。提取出膏率如下表3:
表3中药材出膏率
名称 | 蒲公英 | 杜仲 | 紫苏叶 | 黄芪 | 肉桂 |
中药材(kg) | 40 | 15 | 15 | 5 | 5 |
浸膏重量(kg) | 11.6 | 8.4 | 8.55 | 3 | 1.55 |
出膏率 | 29% | 56% | 57% | 60% | 31% |
(4)收集浸膏在温度60-80℃条件下进行真空干燥8h,干燥后经粉碎机粉碎过300目筛,得到中草药饲料添加剂粉末,将粉末混合均匀,提取率见表4:
表4中药材提取率
名称 | 蒲公英 | 杜仲 | 紫苏叶 | 黄芪 | 肉桂 |
中药材(kg) | 40 | 15 | 15 | 5 | 5 |
粉末(kg) | 1.11 | 0.87 | 0.86 | 0.29 | 0.16 |
总提取率 | 2.76% | 5.81% | 5.76% | 5.80% | 3.26% |
(5)将步骤4获得的粉末经辅照仪的β射线辐射2h,辐照处理量为2.8-3.2Gy/min。辐射后进行真空包装,获得本发明中药组合物。
蒲公英40~60份、杜仲叶15~20份、紫苏叶15~20份、黄芪5~10份和肉桂5~10份。
实施例3
1、组成:蒲公英60kg、杜仲叶20kg、紫苏叶20kg、黄芪10kg、肉桂10kg。
2、制备方法:以上原料采用单独提取方式进行提取,每种药材分别水提取三次;
(1)第一次提取:加入药材质量十倍的水加热煮沸1小时,用纱布过滤,保留滤液;
(2)第二次提取:取步骤(1)提取后的药渣,加入原药材质量8倍量的水,加热煮沸1小时,用纱布过滤,保留滤液,药渣进行第三次提取;
(3)第三次提取:取步骤(2)提取后的药渣,加入原药材质量5倍量的水,加热煮沸1小时,用纱布过滤,保留滤液,弃掉药渣;
(4)合并三次滤液挥发浓缩至浸膏导入到收集瓶中,4度冰箱冷藏。提取出膏率如下表5:
表5中药材出膏率
名称 | 蒲公英 | 杜仲 | 紫苏叶 | 黄芪 | 肉桂 |
中药材(kg) | 60 | 20 | 20 | 10 | 10 |
浸膏重量(kg) | 18.6 | 11.2 | 11 | 5.9 | 3 |
出膏率 | 31% | 56% | 55% | 59% | 30% |
(4)收集浸膏在温度60-80℃条件下进行真空干燥8h,干燥后经粉碎机粉碎过300目筛,得到中草药饲料添加剂粉末,将粉末混合均匀,提取率见表6:
表6中药材提取率
名称 | 蒲公英 | 杜仲 | 紫苏叶 | 黄芪 | 肉桂 |
中药材(kg) | 60 | 20 | 20 | 10 | 10 |
粉末(kg) | 1.77 | 1.16 | 1.11 | 0.57 | 0.32 |
总提取率 | 2.95% | 5.81% | 5.56% | 5.70% | 3.15% |
(5)将步骤4获得的粉末经辅照仪的β射线辐射2h,辐照处理量为2.8-3.2Gy/min。辐射后进行真空包装,获得本发明中药组合物。
对比例1
1、组成:蒲公英60kg、黄芪10kg、肉桂10kg。
2、制备方法:以上原料采用单独提取方式进行提取,每种药材分别水提取三次;
(1)第一次提取:加入药材质量十倍的水加热煮沸1小时,用纱布过滤,保留滤液;
(2)第二次提取:取步骤(1)提取后的药渣,加入原药材质量8倍量的水,加热煮沸1小时,用纱布过滤,保留滤液,药渣进行第三次提取;
(3)第三次提取:取步骤(2)提取后的药渣,加入原药材质量5倍量的水,加热煮沸1小时,用纱布过滤,保留滤液,弃掉药渣;
(4)合并三次滤液挥发浓缩至浸膏导入到收集瓶中,4度冰箱冷藏。提取出膏率如下表7:
表7中药材出膏率
名称 | 蒲公英 | 黄芪 | 肉桂 |
中药材(kg) | 60 | 10 | 10 |
浸膏重量(kg) | 18.6 | 5.9 | 3 |
出膏率 | 31% | 59% | 30% |
(4)收集浸膏在温度60-80℃条件下进行真空干燥8h,干燥后经粉碎机粉碎过300目筛,得到中草药饲料添加剂粉末,将粉末混合均匀,提取率见表8:
表8中药材提取率
名称 | 蒲公英 | 黄芪 | 肉桂 |
中药材(kg) | 60 | 10 | 10 |
粉末(kg) | 1.77 | 0.57 | 0.32 |
总提取率 | 2.95% | 5.70% | 3.15% |
(5)将步骤4获得的粉末经辅照仪的β射线辐射2h,辐照处理量为2.8-3.2Gy/min。辐射后进行真空包装,获得本发明中药组合物。
对比例2
1、组成:杜仲叶20kg、紫苏叶20kg。
2、制备方法:以上原料采用单独提取方式进行提取,每种药材分别水提取三次;
(1)第一次提取:加入药材质量十倍的水加热煮沸1小时,用纱布过滤,保留滤液;
(2)第二次提取:取步骤(1)提取后的药渣,加入原药材质量8倍量的水,加热煮沸1小时,用纱布过滤,保留滤液,药渣进行第三次提取;
(3)第三次提取:取步骤(2)提取后的药渣,加入原药材质量5倍量的水,加热煮沸1小时,用纱布过滤,保留滤液,弃掉药渣;
(4)合并三次滤液挥发浓缩至浸膏导入到收集瓶中,4度冰箱冷藏。提取出膏率如下表9。
表9中药材出膏率
(4)收集浸膏在温度60-80℃条件下进行真空干燥8h,干燥后经粉碎机粉碎过300目筛,得到中草药饲料添加剂粉末,将粉末混合均匀,提取率见表10。
表10中药材提取率
名称 | 杜仲 | 紫苏叶 |
中药材(kg) | 20 | 20 |
粉末(kg) | 1.16 | 1.11 |
总提取率 | 5.81% | 5.56% |
(5)将步骤4获得的粉末经辅照仪的β射线辐射2h,辐照处理量为2.8-3.2Gy/min。辐射后进行真空包装,获得本发明中药组合物。
试验例1体外抑菌实验
供试菌种经传代纯培养后,从培养基上挑出受试菌株的菌落,分别取接种环接种金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌的新鲜培养物至琼脂培养基上,乙型链球菌至血琼脂培养基,白色念球菌至沙氏培养基上,37℃恒温培养24h。采用比浊法将各待测菌用0.9%无菌氯化钠溶液制成浓度为105CFU/mL的菌悬液备用。
体外抗菌实验药液的配制:精密称取实施例1~3和对比例1~2的中药组合物1000mg置于10mL容量瓶中,加纯水至刻度,超声至完全溶解,配制浓度为100mg/mL。
最低抑菌浓度(MIC)的测定:将配制好的菌液吸取1mL滴入到无菌的24孔板中,然后加入饲料添加剂100mg/mL溶液1mL到24孔板中第一孔与菌液均匀混合。以第一孔的浓度50mg/mL为起始浓度采用对倍稀释法稀释成各种浓度,仅留一孔加培养基和菌液作为对照。同样在另一块板中加入菌液和饲料添加剂溶液,同样做对倍浓度稀释。试验完毕后置37℃培养箱中培养24h。拿出来在黑色背景下观察,有细菌生长呈现浑浊,没有出现浑浊则为无菌生长,即为饲料添加剂的MIC。其测定结果见表3。
最小杀菌浓度(MBC)的测定取MIC阴性管中的培养液转种于平板培养基中,于37℃培养箱中培养24h取出,观察是否有细菌生长,无菌生长的最低浓度即为饲料添加剂的MBC。其测定结果见表11~12。
表11实施例1~3和对比例1~2的MIC值(n=8)
表12实施例1~3和对比例1~2的MIC值(n=8)
由表11~12体外抗菌实验测定结果可知,本发明实施例1~3中药组合物对金黄色葡萄球菌、乙型链球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠杆菌、绿杆菌、白色念球菌均有不同程度抑菌或杀菌作用,抗菌谱比较广泛,涉及了革兰阳性菌、革兰阴性菌以及真菌。其中,对金黄色葡萄球菌抗菌效果最佳。单独从每一种菌来看,本发明配伍后的组合物的抑菌效果明显优于对比例1~2的抗菌效果(p<0.05),表明本发明中药组合物中各组分之间抗菌效果具有协同作用。
试验例2体外抗病毒实验
分别取实施例1~3和对比例1~2的中药组合物,配制成溶液,配制方法同试验例1,并用纯水稀释至0.5mg/mL的浓度用于抗病毒实验。在96孔细胞培养板的MDCK细胞上加入100TCID50的型流感病毒FM1液,100μL/孔,置于37℃,5%CO2孵箱中孵育1h后弃去含有病毒的维持液,将饲料添加剂溶液用维持液对倍稀释4个浓度,加入到病毒感染的细胞中,每孔200μL,纵向重复4孔,同时设置利巴韦林阳性对照组、细胞对照组和病毒对照组,将各组置于37℃,5%CO2孵箱中培养,逐日倒置显微镜下观察CPE情况,当病毒对照组细胞病变为++++时记录实验结果,细胞病变等级表示为:0%~25%(+),25%~50%(++),50%~75%(+++),75%~100%(++++)。结果见表13。
表13饲料添加剂对甲型流感病毒FM1致细胞病变的影响
注:细胞病变、病毒对照、细胞对照列的每一个数字代表每一孔细胞病变等级,“-”代表无细胞病变。
由表13可知,本发明中药组合物对甲型流感病毒FM1株的抑制作用明显优于对比例1~2,表明本发明中药组合物中各组分之间抗病毒效果具有协同作用。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种具有抗菌抗病毒作用的中药组合物,其特征在于,由以下重量份的原料制成:
蒲公英40~60份、杜仲叶13~20份、紫苏叶15~20份、黄芪5~10份和肉桂5~10份;
所述中药组合物的制备方法包括:取蒲公英、杜仲叶、紫苏叶、黄芪和肉桂加水煎煮提取,过滤,浓缩至浸膏,获得所述中药组合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,由以下重量份的原料制成:
蒲公英60份、杜仲叶13份、紫苏叶15份、黄芪5份和肉桂5份。
3.权利要求1或2所述的中药组合物在制备饲料添加剂和/或禽类免疫增强剂中的应用。
4.权利要求1或2所述的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,取蒲公英、杜仲叶、紫苏叶、黄芪和肉桂加水煎煮提取,过滤,浓缩至浸膏,获得所述中药组合物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述煎煮提取为:
加入原料10倍重量的水第一次煎煮提取1h;收集药渣加8倍量的水第二次煎煮提取1h;收集药渣加5倍量水第三次煎煮提取1h,合并三次煎煮液。
6.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述浓缩后还包括真空干燥、粉碎的步骤,所述真空干燥的温度为60-80℃,所述粉碎的目数为300目。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述粉碎后还包括辐射灭菌的步骤,所述辐射灭菌为采用β射线辐射2h,辐射处理量为2.8-3.2Gy/min。
8.一种抗菌抗病毒的饲料添加剂,其特征在于,包含权利要求1或2所述的中药组合物。
9.一种禽类免疫增强剂,其特征在于,包含权利要求1或2所述的中药组合物。
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