CN110402962B - 一种植物生长调节组合物及其应用 - Google Patents
一种植物生长调节组合物及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/12—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with a carbocyclic ring
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N45/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing compounds having three or more carbocyclic rings condensed among themselves, at least one ring not being a six-membered ring
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/02—Sulfur; Selenium; Tellurium; Compounds thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/26—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开一种植物生长调节组合物,其以磷酸二氢钾、赤霉酸和无机硒的复配组合为有效成分,磷酸二氢钾、赤霉酸、无机硒(以硒元素计)的质量比为1000~5000:50~200:25~100;无机硒选用硒酸盐、亚硒酸盐的任一种;还可以包含增溶剂和表面活性剂,增溶剂的质量分数占所述组合物质量的1~10%,所述表面活性剂的质量分数占所述组合物质量的0.1~1%。本发明首次提出磷酸二氢钾、赤霉酸和无机硒的复配组合,拓展了磷酸二氢钾、赤霉酸和硒元素作为植物生长调节物的应用。本发明所述植物生长调节组合物可以明显增加作物产量,同时还具有提高作物硒含量的作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农用组合物技术领域,涉及一种植物生长调节组合物,特别涉及一种含磷酸二氢钾、赤霉素和无机硒的植物生长调节组合物。本发明还给出了这种组合物在增加作物产量和/或提高作物硒含量等方面的应用。
背景技术
磷酸二氢钾(KH2PO4)属新型高浓度磷钾二元素复合肥料,广泛适用于经济作物、粮食、瓜果、蔬菜等几乎全部类型的作物,各省均由当地的农科院所、土肥站等机构针对KH2PO4适用于各类典型作物进行了很多的相关应用试验。多地对各类型作物的实际施用效果证明,KH2PO4具有显著增产增收、优化品质、抗倒伏、抗病虫害和防治早衰等诸多优良作用,并且具有克服作物生长后期根系老化吸收能力下降而导致的营养不足的作用。杨军等(2018)研究表明,水稻穗分化期叶面喷施KH2PO4有助于提高穗粒数、结实率和千粒重,达到增产的效果。
赤霉素(酸)是广泛存在的一种植物激素。化学结构属于二萜类酸,由四环骨架衍生而得。赤霉素种类至少38种,应用于农业生产,可刺激叶和芽的生长,提高产量。不同的赤霉素生物活性不同,其中赤霉酸(GA3)的活性最高。李茂福等(2019)研究发现,适量的赤霉素可以有效促进月季的生长和发育。朱振国(2019)等研究表明,赤霉素可以促进烟苗植株根系生长、提升根系活力,并通过调节叶片SOD、POD、CAT活性,减少MDA含量,保持植物体内活性氧代谢平衡,增强光合能力,从而促进烟苗生长发育。
硒是人和动物必需的微量元素之一,具有多种有益的生物学功能(Schwarz和Foltz,1957)。现已发现人类40多种疾病与缺硒或低硒有关,如克山病、大骨节病和心血管疾病等。Broadley等(2006)认为人工补硒是防治多种缺硒疾病的主要途径之一。其中,富硒产品的开发和利用是我国乃至全世界缺硒地区人工补硒的一种重要手段(Ramos等,2010)。硒虽然没有被认定为是植物的必需营养元素,可越来越多的研究报道指出,硒对植物的生长发育具有重要影响。适量施硒可以使水稻产量增加20.8~28.8%(钟松臻等,2017),小麦产量增加4.59~16.21%(冯奎等,2018)。硒还可以促进植物的生长发育,提高植物的抗逆性(Ashraf et al.,2018)。
背景技术中所引用的相关文献:
[1]杨军,黄淑娥,曹娜,等.降温期灌水和叶面喷施磷酸二氢钾对早稻产量的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2018,24(05):1132-1138.
[2]李茂福,杨媛,王华,等.赤霉素对露地栽培月季‘卡罗拉’生长发育的影响[J].园艺学报,2019,46(04):749-760.
[3]朱振国,周广苗,谭效磊,等.赤霉素对烟草幼苗生长发育及其生理生化特性的影响[J].山东农业科学,2019,51(04):139-143.
[4]Schwarz K,Foltz C M.Selenium as an integral part of factor3against dietary necrotic liver degeneration[J].Journal of the AmericanChemical Society,1957,79(12):3292-3293.
[5]Broadley M R,White P J,Bryson R J,et al.Biofortification of UKfood crops with selenium[J].Proceedings of the Nutrition Society,2006,65(2):169-181.
[6]Ramos S,Faquin V,Guilherme L,et al.Selenium biofortification andantioxidant activity in lettuce plants fed with selenate and selenite[J].Plant,Soil and Environment,2010,56(12):584-588.
[7]钟松臻,张宝军,张木,等.硒对水稻光合作用及抗氧化作用的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017(04):134-139.
[8]冯魁,贾莉莉,贾永红,等.施硒对不同密度春小麦产量和籽粒硒含量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2018,38(07):834-840.
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发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种植物生长调节组合物,以磷酸二氢钾、赤霉素和无机硒的组合物作为植物生长调节活性成分,拓展丰富磷酸二氢钾、赤霉素和无机硒三者复配组合应用,至少起到增加作物产量和/或提高作物硒含量的作用。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采取如下的技术方案。
一种植物生长调节组合物,其含有磷酸二氢钾、赤霉酸和无机硒,所述磷酸二氢钾、赤霉酸、无机硒(以硒元素计)的质量比为1000~5000:50~200:25~100;所述无机硒选用硒酸盐、亚硒酸盐的任一种。
进一步地,所述植物生长调节组合物还含有增溶剂和表面活性剂,所述增溶剂的质量分数占所述组合物质量的1~10%,所述表面活性剂的质量分数占所述组合物质量的0.1~1%。
作为所述植物生长调节组合物优选实施方式之一,所述硒酸盐选用水溶性的硒酸钠盐或钾盐,所述亚硒酸盐选用水溶性的亚硒酸钠盐或钾盐。进一步优选地,所述无机硒选用硒酸钠、亚硒酸钠的任一种。
作为所述植物生长调节组合物优选实施方式之一,所述增溶剂选用甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、乙酸乙酯的任一种。在所选定的增溶剂范围内,甲醇有毒,价格与乙醇相差不大易误食风险较大;异丙醇和乙酸乙酯的成本较乙醇要高;乙醇获取渠道广,性价比高,增溶效果较好,因此,本发明进一步优选乙醇为所述增溶剂。
作为所述植物生长调节组合物优选实施方式之一,所述表面活性剂选用非离子型表面活性剂。针对有效成分磷酸二氢钾、赤霉酸和无机硒的复合组合,本专利申请发明人团队通过大量详实的试验得出,非离子型表面活性剂,尤其是吐温系列表面活性剂具有较好的乳化、润湿、分散等效果,更有利于作物对磷酸二氢钾、赤霉酸和无机硒的吸收。进一步优选地,所述表面活性剂选用吐温20、吐温40、吐温60、吐温80的任一种。吐温20为聚环氧乙烷山梨糖醇单月桂酸酯,吐温40为聚环氧乙烷山梨糖醇单棕榈酸酯,吐温60为聚环氧乙烷山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯,吐温80为聚氧乙烯脱水山梨醇单油酸酯。这四种表面活性剂均为非离子型表面活性,相较吐温20、吐温40和吐温60,吐温80表现出更好的乳化性能,应用效果更好。
另一方面,所述植物生长调节组合物配制成便于农业施用的剂型,比如,水剂、可溶液剂、微乳剂、可湿性粉剂、可溶性粒剂或粉剂、水分散性粒剂、种衣剂或颗粒剂等。对本领域的普通技术人员来说,除本发明所述的表面活性剂和增溶剂,通过其他助剂或是与其他助剂的组合,采用本领域常规技术手段或工艺,易将磷酸二氢钾、赤霉酸和无机硒的复合组合配制成便于农业施用的剂型,在此不再赘述。
作为所述植物生长调节组合物的施用方式之一,还可以现配现用,具体的操作步骤如下:首先将赤霉酸溶于增溶剂(质量占比为1~10%)中,将磷酸二氢钾和无机硒分别溶于适量蒸馏水中,再将磷酸二氢钾、赤霉酸和无机硒(以硒元素计)按质量浓度比为1000~5000:50~200:25~100进行混合,再加入0.1~1%的表面活性剂,蒸馏水定容,具体浓度分别为磷酸二氢钾1~5g/L,赤霉酸50~200mg/L,无机硒(以硒元素计)25~100mg/L,充分搅拌后静置,即可。
还有,本发明还给出了所述植物生长调节组合物的应用,具体为增加作物产量和/或提高作物硒含量。结合本发明实施例得出,所述植物生长调节组合物用于增加白术、党参产量和提高硒含量。关于所述植物生长调节组合物的具体使用方法,本领域的普通技术人员可以参照常规使用方法或者是参照现行施用标准执行。本发明给出仅供参考的使用方法:所述植物生长调节剂的具体使用方法为:在植物生长旺盛期、花期或根茎膨大期,施用1~3次所述植物生长调节组合物,每次间隔20天以上。本发明推荐以喷雾方式施用所述植物生长调节组合物,在植物生长旺盛期,使用喷雾农业设施均匀喷洒植物全株;在植物生长花期,使用喷雾农业设施喷洒植物全株,并尽可能使所述植物生长调节组合物接触花穗;在植物根茎膨大期,使用喷雾农业设施喷洒植物全株,并尽可能使所述植物生长调节组合物接触接触植物根部。以喷雾方式施用所述植物生长调节组合物,建议避开高温干旱天气和雷雨天气。
本发明所述植物生长调节组合物的优点和有益效果:
所述植物生长调节组合物以磷酸二氢钾、赤霉酸和无机硒的复配组合为有效成分,磷酸二氢钾、赤霉酸、无机硒(以硒元素计)的质量比为1000~5000:50~200:25~100,还可以包含增溶剂和表面活性剂,增溶剂的质量分数占所述组合物质量的1~10%,所述表面活性剂的质量分数占所述组合物质量的0.1~1%。本发明拓展了磷酸二氢钾、赤霉酸和硒元素作为植物生长调节物质的应用,首次提出磷酸二氢钾、赤霉酸和无机硒的复合组合。通过大量详实的试验数据得出,所述植物生长调节组合物可以明显增加作物产量,同时还具有提高作物硒含量的作用。施用所述植物生长调节组合物,中药材白术增产7.7~13.5%,硒含量均值1.15~2.13mg/kg;药食同源植物党参增产6.5~9.7%,硒含量均值0.36~0.53mg/kg,均显著优于对照,表现出较高的推广和应用价值。另外,所述植物生长调节组合物可以制备成便于农业施用的任一剂型,或是现配现用,施用方法简易高效。
具体实施方式
实施例部分对本发明所述植物生长调节组合物进行详细阐述。本领域普通技术人员可以参考本实施例的描述,或以本实施例为依据进行技术手段的替换或适当变更与组合,以更优选的方式实现本发明。
实施例1
植物生长调节组合物的制备:首先将赤霉酸溶于乙醇(质量占比为1%),磷酸二氢钾和无机硒依次溶于适量蒸馏水,将磷酸二氢钾、赤霉酸和亚硒酸钠(以硒元素计)按质量比为5000:50:50进行混合,再加入1%(质量占比)的吐温20,蒸馏水定容,有效成分的具体质量浓度分别为磷酸二氢钾5g/L,赤霉酸50mg/L,亚硒酸钠(以硒元素计)50mg/L,充分搅拌后静置,现配现用。
植物生长调节组合物应用效果评价:于白术种植地块,选择地势平坦、长势一致的区域,栽培密度为75000株/hm2,划分出6个小区,每个小区6m2。其中三个小区,在白术生长旺盛期(6月)、花期(7月)和根茎膨大期(8月)各喷施一次上述配制的植物生长调节组合物,喷施量为200mL/m2,每次间隔30天;另外三个小区在相应生长时期喷施等量的蒸馏水作为空白对照。10月采收后测定产量和硒含量,测定结果见表1。
增产计算公式:(产量均值-对照均值)/对照均值×100%
表1,实施例1所述植物生长调节组合物对白术产量和硒含量的影响
结合表1得出,施用实施例1所述植物生长调节组合物后,白术产量增加13.5%,硒含量均值达到2.13mg/kg,为对照处理的213倍。
实施例2
植物生长调节组合物的制备:首先将赤霉酸溶于甲醇(质量占比为3%),磷酸二氢钾和硒酸钠依次溶于适量蒸馏水,将磷酸二氢钾、赤霉酸和硒酸钠(以硒元素计)按质量比为4000:100:25进行混合,再加入0.8%(质量占比)的吐温40,蒸馏水定容,有效成分的具体质量浓度分别为磷酸二氢钾4g/L,赤霉酸100mg/L,硒酸钠(以硒元素计)25mg/L,充分搅拌后静置,现配现用。
植物生长调节组合物应用效果评价:于白术种植地块,选择地势平坦、长势一致的区域,栽培密度为75000株/hm2,划分出6个小区,每个小区6m2。其中三个小区,在白术花期(7月)和根茎膨大期(8月)各喷施一次植物生长调节剂,喷施量为200mL/m2,两次间隔35天;另外三个小区在相应生长时期喷施等量的蒸馏水作为空白对照。10月采收后测定产量和硒含量。测定结果见表2。
增产计算公式:(产量均值-对照均值)/对照均值×100%
表2,实施例2所述植物生长调节组合物对白术产量和硒含量的影响
结合表2得出,施用实施例2所述植物生长调节组合物后,白术产量增加7.7%,硒含量均值达到1.15mg/kg,为对照处理的115倍。
实施例3
植物生长调节剂的制备:首先将赤霉酸溶于异丙醇(质量占比为5%),磷酸二氢钾和硒酸钠依次溶于适量蒸馏水,将磷酸二氢钾、赤霉酸和硒酸钠(以硒元素计)按质量比为2500:150:100进行混合,再加入0.5%(质量占比)的吐温60,蒸馏水定容,有效成分的具体质量浓度分别为磷酸二氢钾2.5g/L,赤霉酸150mg/L,硒酸钠(以硒元素计)100mg/L,充分搅拌后静置,现配现用。
物生长调节组合物应用效果评价:于党参种植地块,选择地势平坦、长势一致的区域,栽培密度为450000株/hm2,划分出6个小区,每个小区6m2。其中三个小区,在党参生长旺盛期(6月)和花期(7月)各喷施一次植物生长调节剂,喷施量为200mL/m2,每次间隔20天;另外三个小区在相应生长时期喷施等量的蒸馏水作为空白对照。9月采收后测定产量和硒含量。测定结果见表3。
增产计算公式:(产量均值-对照均值)/对照均值×100%
表3,实施例3所述植物生长调节组合物对党参产量和硒含量的影响
结合表3得出,施用实施例3所述植物生长调节组合物后,党参产量增加9.7%,硒含量均值达到0.53mg/kg,为对照处理的41倍。
实施例4
植物生长调节剂的制备:首先将赤霉酸溶于乙酸乙酯(质量占比为10%),磷酸二氢钾和亚硒酸钠依次溶于适量蒸馏水,将磷酸二氢钾、赤霉酸和亚硒酸钠(以硒元素计)按质量比为1000:200:50进行混合,再加入0.1%(质量占比)的吐温80,蒸馏水定容,有效成分的具体质量浓度分别为磷酸二氢钾1g/L,赤霉酸200mg/L,亚硒酸钠(以硒元素计)50mg/L,充分搅拌后静置,现配现用。
物生长调节组合物应用效果评价:于党参种植地块,选择地势平坦、长势一致的区域,栽培密度为450000株/hm2,划分出6个小区,每个小区6m2。其中三个小区,在党参花期(7月)喷施一次植物生长调节剂,喷施量为200mL/m2;另外三个小区在相应生长时期喷施等量的蒸馏水作为空白对照。9月采收后测定产量和硒含量。测定结果见表4。
增产计算公式:(产量均值-对照均值)/对照均值×100%
表4,实施例4所述植物生长调节组合物对党参产量和硒含量的影响
结合表4得出,施用实施例4所述植物生长调节组合物后,党参产量增加6.5%,硒含量均值达到0.357mg/kg,为对照处理的25倍。
综上,本发明提供的植物生长调节组合物对中药材白术和药食同源植物党参均具有增加产量和提高药用或食用部位硒含量的作用。说明,本发明提供的植物生长调节组合物可为增加作物产量和培育富硒作物提供新的途径。
上述实施例中的实施方案可以进一步组合或者替换,且实施例仅仅是对本发明的优选实施例进行描述,并非对本发明的构思和范围进行限定,在不脱离本发明设计思想的前提下,本领域中专业技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种变化和改进,均属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (1)
1.一种植物生长调节组合物在增加白术、党参产量和提高硒含量方面的应用,所述植物生长调节组合物由磷酸二氢钾、赤霉酸、无机硒、增溶剂和表面活性剂组成;
所述磷酸二氢钾、赤霉酸、无机硒(以硒元素计)的质量比为1000~5000:50~200:25~100;
所述增溶剂的质量分数占所述组合物质量的1~10%,
所述表面活性剂的质量分数占所述组合物质量的0.1~1%,
所述无机硒选用水溶性的硒酸钠盐或钾盐,或选用水溶性的亚硒酸钠盐或钾盐;
所述增溶剂选用甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、乙酸乙酯的任一种;
所述表面活性剂选用吐温20、吐温40、吐温60、吐温80的任一种;
所述植物生长调节组合物喷施于白术、党参植株。
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