CN110401098A - A kind of frequency comb flatness control device based on optically filtering - Google Patents
A kind of frequency comb flatness control device based on optically filtering Download PDFInfo
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- CN110401098A CN110401098A CN201910620304.0A CN201910620304A CN110401098A CN 110401098 A CN110401098 A CN 110401098A CN 201910620304 A CN201910620304 A CN 201910620304A CN 110401098 A CN110401098 A CN 110401098A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/13—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude
- H01S3/1304—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude by using an active reference, e.g. second laser, klystron or other standard frequency source
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Abstract
The invention belongs to ultrafast optical techniques fields, more particularly to a kind of frequency comb flatness control device based on optically filtering, including frequency comb source, beam splitting module, phase modulation module, repetition Harmonic Detection module, etalon filter module, locking phase control module and locking phase detecting module；Frequency comb source is connected separately with etalon filter module, phase modulation module and repetition Harmonic Detection module after beam splitting module；It is connected with etalon filter module, locking phase detecting module and locking phase control module after phase modulation module in turn；Phase modulation module and locking phase control module are connected separately with after repetition Harmonic Detection module；Locking phase control module is connected to repetition Harmonic Detection module.The present invention is controlled using locking phase and detecting module locks frequency comb comb teeth with etalon filter, and the transmission curve of frequency comb spectral curve complementation is formed using etalon filtering characteristic, effectively realizes the control optimization of frequency comb flatness；The present apparatus is referred to without additional light source, and structure is simple.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ultrafast optical techniques fields, and in particular to a kind of frequency comb flatness control based on optically filtering
Device.
Background technique
Femtosecond laser frequency comb has the frequency accuracy of ultrafast temporal resolution and superelevation, provides more for scientific research
Big platform goes to study and explore the natural law.Meanwhile each optical frequency in the femtosecond laser frequency comb of time and frequency zone precision control
" comb teeth " all has the narrow linewidth characteristic of single longitudinal mode continuous wave laser, is equivalent to and possesses 105Or 106A frequency stabilization continuous wave laser.Through
The development of more than ten years is crossed, it has become determining accurate spectral measurement, basic physics constant, astronomical surveing and quantum optices manipulation
The perfect light source of equal scientific researches, is one of current optical field forward position direction.
Further, high repetition frequency optical frequency comb has wide comb teeth interval (by being greater than 10GHz) and fast pulse
Refresh rate has special application potential, produces in astronomical light comb, channelizing, Optical Sampling, wireless optical communications and random waveform
Raw field has a wide range of applications, and becomes research hotspot in recent years.
Since repetition rate is excessively high, the active-passive locking modes mode such as traditional optical fiber laser, solid state laser can not
Meet demand.Therefore, the producing method of high repetition frequency optical frequency comb mainly includes microcavity, quantum dot mode locking and electricity at present
Cascade modulation etc..Several ways respectively have superiority and inferiority, and microcavity technology has the small in size and high characteristic of repetition rate, but noise is larger,
Repetition rate tuning range is limited；Quantum dot mode-locking technique has the advantages that spectral width and compact-sized, but repetition rate tunes
It is limited in scope, it is more difficult with External Reference phototiming；Electricity cascade modulation technique has repetition rate tuning range big, with External Reference light
Convenient characteristic is synchronized, but system is relative complex.Most of all, the high repetition frequency optical frequency comb that several ways generate is all
It is distributed with the symmetrical curve of spectrum, but all there is this poor feature of flatness, cause the spectral component that can be utilized limited, sternly
High repetition frequency optical frequency comb is limit again widely to apply.
Summary of the invention
The optics frequency that according to the deficiencies of the prior art described above, It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of based on optically filtering
Rate combs flatness control device.The device is locked frequency comb comb teeth with etalon filter using PHASE-LOCKED LOOP PLL TECHNIQUE, together
Shi Liyong etalon filtering characteristic forms the transmission curve of frequency comb spectral curve complementation, effectively realizes the control of frequency comb flatness
Optimization, this method are referred to without additional light source, and structure is simple, and Real-time Feedback etalon chamber is long, export stable, Gao Pingtan Gao Chong
Frequency frequency comb can meet the application in the fields such as communication, radar, the generation of any wave signal, light AD sampling and channelizing.
A kind of frequency comb flatness control device based on optically filtering of the invention, described device includes frequency comb source
100, beam splitting module 200, phase modulation module 300, repetition Harmonic Detection module 400, etalon filter module 500, locking phase control
Molding block 600 and locking phase detecting module 700；
Further, the frequency comb source 100 is connected separately with etalon filter module 500, phase after beam splitting module 200
Position modulation module 300 and repetition Harmonic Detection module 400；It is connected with etalon filter after the phase modulation module 300 in turn
Wave module 500, locking phase detecting module 700 and locking phase control module 600；Connect respectively after the repetition Harmonic Detection module 400
It is connected to phase modulation module 300 and locking phase control module 600；The locking phase control module 600 is connected to the repetition harmonic wave and visits
Survey module 500.
Further, the phase modulation module 300 includes narrow-band optical filter, image intensifer and the phase being sequentially arranged
Modulator.
Further, the repetition Harmonic Detection module 400 includes the high-speed photodetector being sequentially arranged, radio frequency band logical
Filter, radio frequency amplifier and RF Power Splitter.
Further, the etalon filter module 500 enters the two FP etalons and automatically controlled piezoelectric ceramics gone out including two；Institute
It states automatically controlled piezoelectric ceramics to be pasted on FP etalon, it is bent that the FP etalon generates the transmission complementary with the frequency comb curve of spectrum
Line.
Further, the locking phase control module 600 includes the lock-in amplifier and piezoelectric ceramic actuator being sequentially arranged.
Further, the locking phase detecting module 700 includes the high-speed photodetector and radio-frequency filter set gradually.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
1, frequency comb comb teeth and etalon filter are locked based on PHASE-LOCKED LOOP PLL TECHNIQUE, while is filtered using etalon
Characteristic forms the transmission curve of frequency comb spectral curve complementation, effectively realizes the control optimization of frequency comb flatness, can directly open up
Exhibition is applied to frequency comb control technology, obtains the frequency comb for stablizing high flat degree；
2, using FP etalon light filter, structure is simple, can by change hysteroscope thoroughly, reflection coefficient, realize FP
The different transmission spectrum curve comparison degree of etalon generates the complementary transmission curve of frequency comb spectral curve, realizes different original flats
Spend effective control of frequency comb.
3, the FP etalon chamber used is long small and adjustable, it can be achieved that the control of Gao Zhongying frequency comb flatness optimize, satisfaction
The demand of the special dimensions such as optical frequency tolerance, optical communication；
4, the FP etalon operation wavelength used is variable, suitable for the Gao Zhongying optical frequency com of different-waveband, Neng Gouman
The demand of sufficient different field；
5, the Phase-locked Technique used is referred to without additional light source, and structure is simple, integrability, has high stability；
6, the repetition harmonic signal modulated structure used, structure is simple, easy to operate, repetition continuously-tuning, flexibility
Greatly, the frequency comb flatness control application of different repetitions can be met.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of control device in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is another implementation schematic diagram of control device in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the preferred implementation schematic diagram of control device in the embodiment of the present invention；
In figure, frequency comb source 100, beam splitting module 200, fiber optic splitter 201, beam splitter 202,204；Total reflective mirror 203,
205；Phase modulation module 300, optical fiber narrow band filter 301, fiber amplifier 302, phase-modulator 303, total reflective mirror 304,
306,307, transmission grating 305；Repetition Harmonic Detection module 400, high-speed photodetector 401, radio frequency band filter 402,
Radio frequency amplifier 403, RF Power Splitter 404；Etalon filter module 500, fiber coupling FP etalon 501, piezoelectric ceramics
502；Locking phase control module 600, lock-in amplifier 601, piezoelectric ceramic actuator 602；Locking phase detecting module 700, high speed optoelectronic
Detector 701, radio-frequency filter 702.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with attached drawing to of the invention real
The technical solution applied in example is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is only that present invention a part is implemented
Example, instead of all the embodiments.
Such as Fig. 1, in one embodiment, a kind of frequency comb flatness control dress based on optically filtering of all optical fibre structure
It sets, described device may include with flowering structure, including frequency comb source 100, beam splitting module 200, phase modulation module 300, repetition are humorous
Wave detecting module 400, etalon filter module 500, locking phase control module 600 and locking phase detecting module 700；Wherein, described
Frequency comb source 100 is connected separately with etalon filter module 500, phase modulation module 300 and repetition after beam splitting module 200
Harmonic Detection module 400；It is connected with etalon filter module 500, locking phase detecting module after the phase modulation module 300 in turn
700 and locking phase control module 600；Phase modulation module 300 and lock are connected separately with after the repetition Harmonic Detection module 400
Phase control module 600；The locking phase control module 600 is connected to the repetition Harmonic Detection module 500.
It is understood that 200 output end of beam splitting module can be divided into three tunnels by above-mentioned connection type:
The first via is directly exported by etalon filter module 500；
Second tunnel is by connecting the defeated of locking phase detecting module 700 after phase modulation module 300 and etalon filter module 500
Enter end；
Third road is separately connected phase modulation module 300 and locking phase control module after repetition Harmonic Detection module 400
600 rf inputs.
Meanwhile 700 output end of locking phase detecting module connects etalon filter module 500 after locking phase control module 600
Rf inputs constitute feedback closed loop.
In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 2:
The output of frequency comb source 100 has the multilongitudianl-mode laser of locking absolute frequency and stable spectra curve, central task wave
Duan Renyi；
Beam splitting module 200 is fiber optic splitter 201；
Phase modulation module 300 includes optical fiber narrow band filter 301, the fiber amplifier 302, phase-modulation set gradually
Device 303；
Repetition Harmonic Detection module 400 include set gradually high-speed photodetector 401, radio frequency band filter 402,
Radio frequency amplifier 403, RF Power Splitter 404；
Etalon filter module 500 includes fiber coupling FP etalon 501, the piezoelectric ceramics 502 set gradually；
Locking phase control module 600 includes lock-in amplifier 601, the piezoelectric ceramic actuator 602 set gradually；
Locking phase detecting module 700 includes high-speed photodetector 701, the radio-frequency filter 702 set gradually.Specifically connect
The relationship of connecing is that the input terminal of fiber optic splitter 201 connects frequency comb source 100, and output is divided into three tunnels:
The first via directly exports after fiber coupling FP etalon 501；
Second tunnel is by optical fiber narrow band filter 301, fiber amplifier 302, phase-modulator 303 and fiber coupling FP mark
High-speed photodetector 701 is connected after quasi- tool 501；
Third road connects 401 input terminal of high-speed photodetector, and the output of high-speed photodetector 401 is sequentially connected radio frequency
It is divided into two-way after bandpass filter 402, radio frequency amplifier 403 and RF Power Splitter 404, is separately connected 303 He of phase-modulator
Lock-in amplifier 601；Finally, the output of high-speed photodetector 701 connects lock-in amplifier after radio-frequency filter 702
601, the output of lock-in amplifier 601 connects piezoelectric ceramics 502 after piezoelectric ceramic actuator 602.
Optionally, fiber optic splitter 201 can be by laser beam splitter, and bandwidth of operation is larger, can guarantee that all spectral contents are logical
It crosses, while splitting ratio is adjustable；
Optionally, optical fiber narrow band filter 301 can be with the center single-frequency light of leaching frequency comb source；Phase-modulator 303
Bandwidth of operation meets the phase-modulation of repetition harmonic wave；The centre frequency of radio frequency band filter 402 corresponds to repetition high-order harmonic wave simultaneously
Order is adjustable, preferably 10 ranks, and certain present invention can be not limited to 10 ranks, can be 8 ranks, 9 ranks, 11 ranks etc..
Optionally, piezoelectric ceramics 502 is pasted on fiber coupling FP etalon 501, thus it is possible to vary the spacing of FP etalon；
The adjustable fineness of fiber coupling FP etalon 501 generates the transmission curve complementary with the frequency comb curve of spectrum；Locking phase amplification
Device 601 generates corresponding error signal based on the technology of PDH.
The output multilongitudianl-mode laser of frequency comb source 100 enters fiber optic splitter 201 and is split, and the second tunnel passes through optical fiber first
Narrow band filter 301 carries out light filtering, and the continuous light of the single-frequency filtered out corresponds to the center comb teeth of frequency comb source, saturating with FP etalon
It is corresponding to penetrate rate minimum point；Then power ascension is carried out by fiber amplifier 302, then is produced by the effect of phase-modulator 303
Raw positive and negative frequency band, generation is loaded with positive and negative frequency band and fiber coupling after last injection fibre couples FP etalon 501
The relevant optical signal of 501 Free Spectral Range of FP etalon, and corresponding radio frequency letter is converted by high-speed photodetector 701
Number.
Third road is humorous by the high-order repetition that high-speed photodetector 401 and radio frequency band filter 402 generate frequency comb
Wave signal (10 rank), repetition harmonic signal can adjust order, but corresponding frequency and the FP standard according to frequency comb flatness
The Free Spectral Range of tool is the same；Then power amplification and beam splitting are carried out by radio frequency amplifier 403 and RF Power Splitter 404,
Finally distinguish output driving phase-modulator 303 and connection lock-in amplifier 601.
Lock-in amplifier 601 is connected with repetition harmonic signal (10 rank) as reference signal, high-speed photodetector 701 exports
Radiofrequency signal through radio-frequency filter 702 filtering processing after as detectable signal input lock-in amplifier 601, pass through the skill of PDH
Art carries out locking phase processing, generates feedback error signal and carries out amplitude adjustment by piezoelectric ceramic actuator 602, finally driving pressure
The locking of electroceramics 502 realization frequency comb and FP etalon.
On the basis of above, the first via connects fiber coupling FP etalon 501 and carries out spectral features integer, optimizes comb teeth
It is directly exported after flatness, to obtain stablizing high flat frequency comb.
In another embodiment, control device can refer to as shown in figure 3, in the control device:
Optionally, the output of frequency comb source 100 has the multilongitudianl-mode laser of locking absolute frequency and stable spectra curve, center
Service band is any；
Optionally, beam splitting module 200 includes beam splitter 202,204, the total reflective mirror 203,205 set gradually；
Optionally, phase modulation module 300 includes total reflective mirror 304,306,307, the transmission grating 305, light set gradually
Fiber amplifier 302, phase-modulator 303；
Optionally, repetition Harmonic Detection module 400 includes the high-speed photodetector 401 set gradually, the filter of radio frequency band logical
Wave device 402, radio frequency amplifier 403, RF Power Splitter 404；
Optionally, etalon filter module 500 includes fiber coupling FP etalon 501, the piezoelectric ceramics set gradually
502；
Optionally, locking phase control module 600 includes lock-in amplifier 601, the piezoelectric ceramic actuator 602 set gradually；
Locking phase detecting module 700 includes high-speed photodetector 701, the radio-frequency filter 702 set gradually.
Its specific connection relationship can be, and the frequency comb source 100 that space inputs is divided into two-way by beam splitter 202: reflection
Part enters high-speed photodetector 401, and transmissive portion is further divided into two-way by beam splitter 204.Wherein, reflective portion is by complete
It is directly exported after anti-mirror 205, fiber coupling FP etalon 501；Transmissive portion by total reflective mirror 304 enter transmission grating 305 with
The narrow-band filtering combination that total reflective mirror 306 is constituted, using total reflective mirror 307, fiber amplifier 302, phase-modulator 303 and optical fiber
High-speed photodetector 701 is connected after coupling FP etalon 501；The output of high-speed photodetector 401 is sequentially connected radio frequency band
It is divided into two-way after bandpass filter 402, radio frequency amplifier 403 and RF Power Splitter 404, is separately connected phase-modulator 303 and lock
Phase amplifier 601.Finally, the output of high-speed photodetector 701 connects lock-in amplifier 601 after radio-frequency filter 702,
The output of lock-in amplifier 601 connects piezoelectric ceramics 502 after piezoelectric ceramic actuator 602.
Beam splitter 202,204 can be by laser beam splitter, and bandwidth of operation is larger, can guarantee that all spectral contents pass through, simultaneously
Splitting ratio is adjustable；Total reflective mirror 203,205,304,306 and 307 work belts are roomy, reflectivity height (>=99%), it is ensured that institute
There is spectral content to pass through；Transmission grating 305 and the spacing of total reflective mirror 306 are adjustable, and the tilt angle of total reflective mirror 306 is variable, the group
Conjunction can be with the center single-frequency light of leaching frequency comb source；The bandwidth of operation of phase-modulator 303 meets the phase-modulation of repetition harmonic wave；
The centre frequency of radio frequency band filter 402 corresponds to repetition high-order harmonic wave and order is adjustable, preferably 10 ranks；Piezoelectric ceramics 502 is viscous
It is attached on fiber coupling FP etalon 501, thus it is possible to vary the spacing of FP etalon；Fiber coupling FP etalon 501 is adjustable
Fineness generates the transmission curve complementary with the frequency comb curve of spectrum；Lock-in amplifier 601 is generated corresponding based on the technology of PDH
Error signal.
The output multilongitudianl-mode laser of frequency comb source 100 enters beam splitter 202,204 and is split, what beam splitter 204 transmitted
Second tunnel enters the tunable filter progress light filter that transmission grating 305 and total reflective mirror 306 are combined into after first passing around total reflective mirror 304
Wave, the continuous light of the single-frequency filtered out correspond to the center comb teeth of frequency comb source, and corresponding with the transmissivity minimum point of FP etalon；So
Power ascension is carried out by fiber amplifier 302 afterwards, then positive and negative frequency band is generated by the effect of phase-modulator 303, finally
It is generated after injection fibre coupling FP etalon 501 and is loaded with 501 free spectrum of positive and negative frequency band and fiber coupling FP etalon
The relevant optical signal of range, and corresponding radiofrequency signal is converted by high-speed photodetector 701.
The third road of the reflection output of beam splitter 202 enters high-speed photodetector 401 after total reflective mirror 203, and passes through
Radio frequency band filter 402 generates the high-order repetition harmonic signal (10 rank) of frequency comb, and repetition harmonic signal can be according to frequency comb
Flatness adjusts order, but corresponding frequency is as the Free Spectral Range of the FP etalon；Then amplified by radio frequency
Device 403 and RF Power Splitter 404 carry out power amplification and beam splitting, and finally output driving phase-modulator 303 and connection are locked respectively
Phase amplifier 601.
Lock-in amplifier 601 is connected with the repetition harmonic signal (10 rank) in step 2 as reference signal, high speed optoelectronic detects
The radiofrequency signal that device 701 exports inputs lock-in amplifier 601 as detectable signal after the filtering processing of radio-frequency filter 702, leads to
The technology for crossing PDH carries out locking phase processing, generates feedback error signal and carries out amplitude adjustment by piezoelectric ceramic actuator 602,
Finally driving piezoelectric ceramics 502 realizes the locking of frequency comb and FP etalon.
Based on the above process, the first via connects fiber coupling FP etalon 501 and carries out spectral features integer, and optimization comb teeth is flat
It is directly exported after smooth degree, to obtain stablizing high flat frequency comb.
The present invention is locked frequency comb comb teeth with etalon filter using PHASE-LOCKED LOOP PLL TECHNIQUE, while utilizing etalon
Filtering characteristic forms the transmission curve of frequency comb spectral curve complementation, effectively realizes the control optimization of frequency comb flatness, this method
It is referred to without additional light source, structure is simple, and Real-time feed back techniques are mature, while the FP etalon light filter used has knot
The advantages that structure is simple, and parameter regulation is flexible is, it can be achieved that different original flat degree, effective control of different repetition rate frequency combs,
The application in the fields such as communication, radar, the generation of any wave signal, light AD sampling and channelizing can be met.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or part of the steps in the various methods of above-described embodiment is can
It is completed with instructing relevant hardware by program, which can be stored in a computer readable storage medium, storage
Medium may include: ROM, RAM, disk or CD etc..
Embodiment provided above has carried out further detailed description, institute to the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention
It should be understood that embodiment provided above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, be not intended to limit the invention, it is all
Any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. made for the present invention, should be included in the present invention within the spirit and principles in the present invention
Protection scope within.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of frequency comb flatness control device based on optically filtering, which is characterized in that described device includes frequency comb source
(100), beam splitting module (200), phase modulation module (300), repetition Harmonic Detection module (400), etalon filter module
(500), locking phase control module (600) and locking phase detecting module (700)；
The frequency comb source (100) is connected separately with etalon filter module (500), phase-modulation after beam splitting module (200)
Module (300) and repetition Harmonic Detection module (400)；It is connected with etalon filter after the phase modulation module (300) in turn
Wave module (500), locking phase detecting module (700) and locking phase control module (600)；The repetition Harmonic Detection module (400)
After be connected separately with phase modulation module (300) and locking phase control module (600)；The locking phase control module (600) is connected to
The repetition Harmonic Detection module (500).
2. a kind of frequency comb flatness control device based on optically filtering according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
Stating phase modulation module (300) includes the narrow-band optical filter, image intensifer and phase-modulator being sequentially arranged.
3. a kind of frequency comb flatness control device based on optically filtering according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
Stating repetition Harmonic Detection module (400) includes the high-speed photodetector, radio frequency band filter, radio frequency amplifier being sequentially arranged
And RF Power Splitter.
4. a kind of frequency comb flatness control device based on optically filtering according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
State etalon filter module (500) include two enter two go out FP etalons and automatically controlled piezoelectric ceramics；The automatically controlled piezoelectric ceramics is viscous
It is attached on FP etalon, the FP etalon generates the transmission curve complementary with the frequency comb curve of spectrum.
5. a kind of frequency comb flatness control device based on optically filtering according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
Stating locking phase control module (600) includes the lock-in amplifier and piezoelectric ceramic actuator being sequentially arranged.
6. a kind of frequency comb flatness control device based on optically filtering according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
Stating locking phase detecting module (700) includes the high-speed photodetector and radio-frequency filter set gradually.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN111901042A (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2020-11-06 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十四研究所 | Phase modulation-based large dynamic signal demodulation model method |
| CN113224622A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-08-06 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Communication band high-flatness large-comb-tooth-spacing linear polarization electro-optic modulation optical frequency comb light source |
| WO2021179793A1 (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2021-09-16 | 华为技术有限公司 | Device for generating dummy light signal and cascade system |
| WO2024166092A1 (en) * | 2023-02-10 | 2024-08-15 | Newphotonics Ltd. | Generating a plurality of pulse trains from a micro comb laser |
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| US12074689B2 (en) | 2020-03-12 | 2024-08-27 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Apparatus and cascading system for generating dummy optical signal |
| CN111901042A (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2020-11-06 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十四研究所 | Phase modulation-based large dynamic signal demodulation model method |
| CN113224622A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-08-06 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Communication band high-flatness large-comb-tooth-spacing linear polarization electro-optic modulation optical frequency comb light source |
| WO2024166092A1 (en) * | 2023-02-10 | 2024-08-15 | Newphotonics Ltd. | Generating a plurality of pulse trains from a micro comb laser |
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