CN110396628B - Aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110396628B
CN110396628B CN201810378075.1A CN201810378075A CN110396628B CN 110396628 B CN110396628 B CN 110396628B CN 201810378075 A CN201810378075 A CN 201810378075A CN 110396628 B CN110396628 B CN 110396628B
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aluminum alloy
alloy
anodic oxidation
weight
additive element
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CN110396628A (en
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郭强
李江恒
胡红迪
姜海阔
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BYD Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C21/00Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/10Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22FCHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/053Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with zinc as the next major constituent

Abstract

The invention discloses an aluminum alloy, which comprises, by weight, 3.5-5.5% of Zn, 1.2-1.6% of Mg, 0.1-0.4% of Cu, 0.08-0.28% of Zr, 0.06-0.2% of Fe, 0.06-0.2% of Ni, 0.01-0.15% of Ga, 0.005-0.15% of Ca, 0.12-0.3% of additive elements, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities; the additive element is at least one of Er, Sc, Yb and Hf. The aluminum alloy has good mechanical property and corrosion resistance, and is particularly suitable for decorative anodic oxidation treatment, and an oxide film has no material lines, is silvery white, and has uniform and bright color.

Description

Aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aluminum alloys, and particularly relates to an aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The aluminum alloy is formed by adding other elements into aluminum as a base, has the advantages of small specific gravity, high strength, corrosion resistance, good electrical and thermal conductivity, environmental protection, recyclability and the like, and becomes one of the most widely used materials in daily life. Wrought aluminum alloys are aluminum alloys whose structure and shape are changed by processes such as stamping, bending, rolling, and extrusion, and have been developed into various series of products. The aluminum alloy has flexible and various forming and processing means and excellent mechanical properties, so the aluminum alloy is widely applied to various industrial fields such as aviation, automobiles, shipbuilding, buildings, chemical engineering, machinery and the like.
At present, more attention is paid to the processing property and the mechanical property of the wrought aluminum alloy in the application of the wrought aluminum alloy, and the appearance decorative property of the wrought aluminum alloy is of fresh interest. But the advantages of high strength and low density are more and more favored by IT electronic component products, and the application potential of the product in the field is huge. However, the existing wrought aluminum alloy has adverse effects on corrosion resistance, anodic oxidation color and oxidation film texture of the material due to the addition of alloy elements, so that the existing wrought aluminum alloy cannot meet the appearance requirements of the existing IT electronic part products, and the application of the existing wrought aluminum alloy in the field is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the aluminum alloy in the aspect of anodic oxidation, and provides the aluminum alloy suitable for anodic oxidation, which not only has higher mechanical strength, but also has good anodic oxidation performance and high corrosion resistance, the material lines after anodic oxidation can be obviously improved, and the aluminum alloy is silvery white after anodic oxidation, bright and uniform in color and good in consistency.
The first aspect of the present invention provides an aluminum alloy containing, in weight%, 3.5 to 5.5% Zn, 1.2 to 1.6% Mg, 0.1 to 0.4% Cu, 0.08 to 0.28% Zr, 0.06 to 0.2% Fe, 0.06 to 0.2% Ni, 0.01 to 0.15% Ga, 0.005 to 0.15% Ca, 0.12 to 0.3% of an additive element, and the balance Al and inevitable impurities; the additive element is at least one of Er, Sc, Yb and Hf.
In a second aspect of the present invention, a method for preparing an aluminum alloy is provided, the method comprising melting an aluminum alloy raw material to prepare an aluminum alloy ingot, and forming the aluminum alloy ingot into an aluminum alloy, wherein the composition of the aluminum alloy raw material is such that the obtained aluminum alloy is the aluminum alloy of the present invention.
The aluminum alloy provided by the invention has excellent anodic oxidation performance, is suitable for bright anodic oxidation treatment, and has a silvery white anodic oxidation film in a sulfuric acid bath, high transparency, bright color and good uniformity; meanwhile, the aluminum alloy has good cutting processing performance and higher mechanical property.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects solved by the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The first aspect of the present invention provides an aluminum alloy containing, in weight%, 3.5 to 5.5% Zn, 1.2 to 1.6% Mg, 0.1 to 0.4% Cu, 0.08 to 0.28% Zr, 0.06 to 0.2% Fe, 0.06 to 0.2% Ni, 0.01 to 0.15% Ga, 0.005 to 0.15% Ca, 0.12 to 0.3% of an additive element, and the balance Al and inevitable impurities; the additive element is at least one of Er, Sc, Yb and Hf.
In the invention, in order to enhance the mechanical property and the anodic oxidation surface effect of the aluminum alloy, the aluminum alloy contains 3.5 to 5.0 weight percent of Zn, 1.2 to 1.5 weight percent of Mg, 0.1 to 0.3 weight percent of Cu, 0.1 to 0.2 weight percent of Zr, 0.06 to 0.1 weight percent of Fe, 0.06 to 0.1 weight percent of Ni, 0.01 to 0.15 weight percent of Ga, 0.005 to 0.15 weight percent of Ca, 0.12 to 0.2 weight percent of additive elements and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities; the additive element is at least one of Er, Sc, Yb and Hf.
After a large number of experiments, the inventor of the invention finds that in a Zn-Mg strengthening alloy system, Zn and Mg are in a certain content range, Cu, Zr, Fe, Ni, Ga, Ca and additional elements are added, and the content ranges of Cu, Zr, Fe, Ni, Ga, Ca and the additional elements are controlled, so that not only can the strength and the corrosion resistance of an aluminum alloy material be ensured, but also the obtained aluminum alloy can be subjected to anodic oxidation, and the obtained anodic oxidation film is uniform silvery white and bright in color.
The aluminum alloy provided by the invention belongs to Zn-Mg reinforced series aluminum alloy, and Al can be generated by adding Zn and Mg2Mg3Zn3Phase and MgZn2The phase precipitation is strengthened, so that the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy is improved; meanwhile, the addition of Zn and Mg has little influence on the color and the glossiness of an oxide film generated after the anodic oxidation of the alloy.
The addition of Fe and Ni elements to the alloy can form Al9The FeNi heat-resistant strengthening phase plays a role in dispersion strengthening, and simultaneously raises the recrystallization temperature of the alloy and refines crystal grains; and Ni element can reduce or eliminate Al3Fe phase, Al3The Fe phase is easy to form segregation, so that the appearance effect is influenced by the appearance of material grains after the aluminum alloy is anodized.
In the present invention, in order to further improve the strength of the aluminum alloy, it is further preferable that the mass ratio of Zn and Mg in the aluminum alloy is 2.5-3.4: 1. The mass ratio of Zn to Mg is 2.5-3.4: 1, which can further ensure that Zn and Mg generate Al2Mg3Zn3Phase and MgZn2The phase precipitation is strengthened, and the generation of impurity phases is reduced, thereby further ensuring the mechanical property of the alloy.
The Ca element can improve the cutting processing performance of the aluminum alloy, improve the processing efficiency, simultaneously ensure the surface uniformity of the sample and be beneficial to the subsequent anodic oxidation treatment.
Ga element can improve the reaction activity of aluminum oxidation, is beneficial to uniform generation of an anodic oxide film and improves the appearance effect of oxidation.
In addition, Zr and the added elements can effectively refine alloy grains, effectively improve the mechanical property and the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy, and simultaneously make the structure uniform, thereby improving the consistency of the anodic oxidation appearance of the aluminum alloy.
According to the invention, by reasonably regulating and controlling the contents of Zn, Mg, Fe, Cu, Ni, Zr, Ga, Ca and the added elements, the obtained aluminum alloy can be subjected to anodic oxidation while the strength and the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy material are ensured, and the obtained anodic oxide film is uniform silvery white, bright in color and good in appearance effect.
In the present invention, the total content of the inevitable impurities is less than 0.15% by weight, and the inevitable impurity elements contain less than 0.1% of Si, less than 0.1% of Mn, less than 0.1% of Cr, and less than 0.05% of the remaining individual impurities, by weight.
The aluminum alloy provided by the invention has a good anodic oxidation appearance effect, the tensile strength can reach 370-450MPa, preferably 380-440MPa, the yield strength can reach 330-420MPa, preferably 350-410MPa, and the elongation can reach 8-14%, preferably 9-13.5%.
The aluminum alloy has excellent anodic oxidation performance, is suitable for bright anodic oxidation treatment, and has a silvery white anodic oxidation film, high transparency, bright color and good uniformity; meanwhile, the aluminum alloy has good cutting processing performance and higher mechanical property.
In a second aspect of the present invention, a method for preparing an aluminum alloy is provided, the method comprising melting an aluminum alloy raw material to prepare an aluminum alloy ingot, and forming the aluminum alloy ingot into an aluminum alloy, wherein the composition of the aluminum alloy raw material is such that the obtained aluminum alloy is the aluminum alloy of the present invention.
In the present invention, the forming method is not particularly limited, and various alloy forming methods commonly used in the art may be used, and in the present invention, the forming method is more preferably roll forming or extrusion forming. In the present invention, the conditions of the roll forming are: rolling at 450-480 ℃ to obtain a rolled plate; the extrusion forming conditions are as follows: extruding at 440 ℃ and 500 ℃ to obtain an extruded profile.
In the invention, the method also comprises the step of carrying out solution treatment on the aluminum alloy after the forming; the effect of the solution treatment can make the alloy elements fully dissolved in solution to form a supersaturated solid solution, and the structure preparation is made for precipitation (precipitation) strengthening. The temperature of the solution treatment is 435-475 ℃, and the time is 0.5-1 h.
In the invention, after the solution treatment, the aluminum alloy is subjected to artificial aging treatment; the artificial aging treatment can decompose supersaturated solid solution to precipitate strengthening phase, and the strengthening phase is dispersed in alloy structure to strengthen the alloy. The artificial aging treatment process comprises the following steps: heating at 115 ℃ and 140 ℃ for 18-26 hours.
The ingot in the present invention may be any of various pure metal ingots or alloy ingots containing Al, Zn, Mg, Cu, Zr, Fe, Ni, Ga, Ca and additional elements, and is not particularly limited as long as the content range of the present invention can be obtained. From the viewpoint of availability and low cost, pure Al ingot, Al-Fe alloy, Al-Zr alloy, Al-Ca alloy, Al-Ni alloy, Al-Cu alloy, Al-additive element alloy, pure Mg, pure Zn and pure Ga are preferably used in the present invention.
In the present invention, the method for preparing an aluminum alloy ingot by melting is not particularly limited, and may be various methods commonly used in the art as long as the ingot can be melted to form an aluminum alloy ingot, such as:
after the material proportioning calculation, weighing pure Al ingot, Al-Fe (20% Fe) alloy, Al-Ni (10% Ni) alloy, Al-Zr (5% Zr) alloy, Al-Ca (5% Ca) alloy, Al-Cu (50% Cu) alloy, Al-additive element (10% additive element) alloy, pure Mg, pure Zn and pure Ga according to the weight, then putting the pure Al ingot, the Al-Fe alloy, the Al-Zr alloy, the Al-Ca alloy, the Al-Ni alloy and the Al-Cu alloy into a smelting furnace to be heated until the pure Al ingot, the Al-Fe alloy, the Al-Zr alloy, the Al-Ca alloy, the Al-Ni alloy and the Al-additive element alloy are completely melted, then adding the pure Zn, the pure Mg, the pure Ga and the Al-additive element alloy into the melt in sequence to be melted, and stirring for 20-30 minutes to ensure that the components are uniform. Adding 0.5% of deslagging agent to remove slag, refining and degassing by 0.5% of refining agent, slagging off and standing for 20-35 minutes after finishing, then cooling to about 730 ℃, and beginning to cast into ingots; and then the cast ingot is extruded or rolled and formed and then is subjected to heat treatment strengthening to obtain the plate and the section with excellent mechanical property and anodic oxidation property.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
After the material proportioning calculation, weighing each intermediate alloy and the metal simple substance according to the weight, and then smelting according to the aluminum alloy smelting sample preparation process to prepare the ingot, wherein the weight ratio of each intermediate alloy to the metal simple substance is shown in the following table 1. Then setting the ingot casting temperature to 450 ℃ for rolling processing to obtain a rolled plate, carrying out 445 ℃/30min solution treatment on the plate, and finally carrying out artificial aging treatment: heating at 125 ℃ for 18 hours to prepare aluminum alloy A1.
Example 2
After the material proportioning calculation, weighing each intermediate alloy and the metal simple substance according to the weight, and then smelting according to the aluminum alloy smelting sample preparation process to prepare the ingot, wherein the weight ratio of each intermediate alloy to the metal simple substance is shown in the following table 1. Then, setting the ingot casting temperature to 460 ℃ for rolling processing to obtain a rolled plate, carrying out 465 ℃/30min solution treatment on the plate, and finally carrying out artificial aging treatment: heating at 135 deg.C for 24 hours produced aluminum alloy A2.
Example 3
After the material proportioning calculation, weighing each intermediate alloy and the metal simple substance according to the weight, and then smelting according to the aluminum alloy smelting sample preparation process to prepare the ingot, wherein the weight ratio of each intermediate alloy to the metal simple substance is shown in the following table 1. Then, setting the ingot casting temperature to 470 ℃ for rolling processing to obtain a rolled plate, carrying out 435 ℃/1h solution treatment on the plate, and finally carrying out artificial aging treatment: heating to 120 ℃ and preserving the heat for 26 hours to prepare the aluminum alloy A3.
Example 4
After the material proportioning calculation, weighing each intermediate alloy and the metal simple substance according to the weight, and then smelting according to the aluminum alloy smelting sample preparation process to prepare the ingot, wherein the weight ratio of each intermediate alloy to the metal simple substance is shown in the following table 1. Then, setting the ingot casting temperature to 480 ℃ for rolling processing to obtain a rolled plate, carrying out solution treatment on the plate at 475 ℃/45min, and finally carrying out artificial aging treatment: heating to 120 ℃ and preserving the heat for 24 hours to prepare the aluminum alloy A4.
Example 5
Aluminum alloy a5 was prepared according to the method of example 4, except that the weight ratios of the respective master alloys and the elemental metals are as shown in table 1 below.
Example 6
Aluminum alloy a6 was prepared according to the method of example 5, except that the weight ratios of the respective master alloys and the elemental metals are as shown in table 1 below.
Example 7
Aluminum alloy a7 was prepared according to the method of example 5, except that the weight ratios of the respective master alloys and the elemental metals are as shown in table 1 below.
Comparative example 1
Aluminum alloy B1 was prepared according to the method of example 1, except that the weight ratios of the respective master alloys and the elemental metals are as shown in table 1 below.
Comparative example 2
Aluminum alloy B2 was prepared according to the method of example 5, except that the weight ratios of the respective master alloys and the elemental metals are as shown in table 1 below.
Comparative example 3
Aluminum alloy B3 was prepared according to the method of example 5, except that the weight ratios of the respective master alloys and the elemental metals are as shown in table 1 below.
Comparative example 4
Aluminum alloy B4 was prepared according to the method of example 5, except that the weight ratios of the respective master alloys and the elemental metals are as shown in table 1 below.
Comparative example 5
Aluminum alloy B5 was prepared according to the method of example 5, except that the weight ratios of the respective master alloys and the elemental metals are as shown in table 1 below.
Performance testing
Composition energy test of aluminum alloy
Aluminum alloy ingots A1-A7 and B1-B5 were tested for composition and content by ICP spectrometer (Thermo ICAP 6300 of U.S. thermoelectricity) and the results are shown in Table 2;
second, mechanical property test of aluminum alloy
Aluminum alloys A1-A7 and B1-B5 were tested as follows:
the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of the aluminum alloy are measured according to the GB/T228-2002 metal material indoor tensile test method, and the results are shown in Table 3;
performance test of anodic oxidation
Conditions of anodic oxidation: respectively carrying out anodic oxidation on aluminum alloy A1-A7 and B1-B5 to obtain anodic oxidation products CA1-CA7 and CB1-CB 5;
adopting a sulfuric acid direct current anodic oxidation process: the temperature of the oxidation tank liquid is 18 ℃, the current density is 1.8 A.dm-2, and the oxidation time is 40 min;
1. effect of anodic oxide film: the anodic oxide films on the surfaces of CA1-CA7 and CB1-CB5 were observed by naked eyes under natural light, and the results are shown in Table 4;
2. thickness of anodic oxidation: the thickness of the anodized film on the surfaces of CA1-CA7 and CB1-CB2 was measured by a TIME2818 coating thickness meter, and the results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 1
Figure 464642DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
TABLE 2
Figure 197761DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
TABLE 3
Figure 508657DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
TABLE 4
Figure 435024DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
As can be seen from the performance test data in tables 3 to 4, in examples 1 to 7, the content of the main strengthening elements Mg and Zn increases, the mechanical property is improved, all the alloys maintain good anodic oxidation performance, and the oxide film is silvery white, uniform and bright in color and luster.
In comparative example 1, the alloy contains much Cu, and although the mechanical properties are not poor, the alloy is not suitable for bright anodic oxidation treatment, and the overall color is yellowish and dull after anodic oxidation; in the comparative example 2, the alloy contains less Ni, the mechanical property is good, but the anodic oxidation performance is obviously reduced, and the surface texture of the sample piece is serious after anodic oxidation; in comparative example 3, the alloy contained no Ca element, and the oxide film after anodic oxidation had a non-uniform color; in comparative example 4, more Ca is added into the alloy, but the content of the Ca is less in subsequent tests, and the problems that the burning loss is too large in the smelting process and the plasticity of the sample is poor are considered; in comparative example 5, more Ga was added to the alloy, but the content was lower in the subsequent tests, the burning loss was excessive during the melting process, the price was higher, and the content should be controlled.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (8)

1. An aluminum alloy characterized by comprising, in weight percent, 3.5 to 5.5% Zn, 1.2 to 1.6% Mg, 0.1 to 0.4% Cu, 0.08 to 0.28% Zr, 0.06 to 0.2% Fe, 0.06 to 0.2% Ni, 0.01 to 0.15% Ga, 0.005 to 0.15% Ca, 0.12 to 0.3% of an additive element, and the balance Al and unavoidable impurities; the additive element is at least one of Er, Sc, Yb and Hf; the mass ratio of Zn to Mg is 2.5-3.4: 1; the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy is 370-450MPa, the yield strength is 330-420MPa, and the elongation is 8-14%.
2. The aluminum alloy of claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy contains, in weight percent, 3.5 to 5.0% Zn, 1.2 to 1.5% Mg, 0.1 to 0.3% Cu, 0.1 to 0.2% Zr, 0.06 to 0.1% Fe, 0.06 to 0.1% Ni, 0.01 to 0.15% Ga, 0.005 to 0.15% Ca, 0.12 to 0.2% of an additive element, and the balance Al and unavoidable impurities; the additive element is at least one of Er, Sc, Yb and Hf.
3. The aluminum alloy of any of claims 1-2, wherein the unavoidable impurities are present in a total amount of less than 0.15% by weight, and wherein the unavoidable impurities are present in an amount of less than 0.1% Si, less than 0.1% Mn, less than 0.1% Cr, and less than 0.05% of the remaining individual amounts by weight.
4. The aluminum alloy of any of claims 1-2, wherein the aluminum alloy has a tensile strength of 380-440MPa, a yield strength of 350-410MPa, and an elongation of 9% -13.5%.
5. A method of producing an aluminum alloy, comprising melting an aluminum alloy raw material to produce an aluminum alloy ingot, and forming the aluminum alloy ingot into an aluminum alloy, wherein the aluminum alloy raw material has a composition such that the resulting aluminum alloy is the aluminum alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the forming is roll forming or extrusion forming.
7. The method of claim 6, further comprising solution treating the aluminum alloy after forming; the temperature of the solution treatment is 435-475 ℃, and the time is 0.5-1 h.
8. The method of claim 7, further comprising, after the solution treatment, artificially aging the aluminum alloy; the method for artificial aging treatment comprises the following steps: heating at 115 ℃ and 140 ℃ for 18-26 hours.
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CN111705247A (en) * 2020-07-24 2020-09-25 山东德瑞防腐材料有限公司 High-low temperature resistant aluminum alloy sacrificial anode and preparation method thereof
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