CN110396430B - Three-material bed multifunctional biomass gasification furnace - Google Patents
Three-material bed multifunctional biomass gasification furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN110396430B CN110396430B CN201910765699.3A CN201910765699A CN110396430B CN 110396430 B CN110396430 B CN 110396430B CN 201910765699 A CN201910765699 A CN 201910765699A CN 110396430 B CN110396430 B CN 110396430B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
- C10J3/60—Processes
- C10J3/64—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
- C10J3/66—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
Abstract
The invention relates to a three-material bed multifunctional biomass gasification furnace, wherein an inclined light pipe water-cooled fixed material bed and a movable material bed are arranged in a gasification furnace box body, the light pipe water-cooled fixed material bed is connected with a circulating water tank outside the gasification furnace box body, the light pipe water-cooled fixed material bed is obliquely arranged below a feed port, the light pipe water-cooled fixed material bed divides the inside of the gasification furnace box body into a pyrolysis gasification chamber and a burn-out chamber from left to right, the movable material bed pushes fuel from the pyrolysis gasification chamber to the burn-out chamber, divides the movable material bed into two parts, and combines the light pipe water-cooled fixed material bed to form three material beds, the two material beds in the front convert the characteristics of the fuel, the area of the material beds is effectively increased, the regulation ratio of the pyrolysis load of the gasification furnace is increased, the temperature gradient is reduced, the temperature distribution is uniform, and nitrogen oxides generated by local high-temperature, the adaptability of the fuel is wider, the high-efficiency thermal cracking gasification of the biomass fuel is realized, and the environment-friendly emission is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of gasification furnaces, in particular to a three-material bed multifunctional biomass gasification furnace.
Background
The biomass refers to all substances derived from animal and plant renewable sources except fossil fuel in organic matters. Biomass energy is solar energy fixed on the earth by photosynthesis of plants, is the only renewable carbon source for storing solar energy, and is an important component in sustainable renewable energy sources. At present, biomass used as energy mainly refers to agriculture, forestry and other wastes, such as various crop straws, sugar crops, starch crops and oil crops, forestry and wood processing wastes, urban and industrial organic wastes, animal wastes and the like. Biomass can be the earliest, most, and most direct source of energy utilized by humans. According to the estimation of biologists, 1000-1250 million tons of biomass are produced on earth land every year, and 500 million tons of biomass are produced on ocean land every year. The annual production capacity of biomass energy far exceeds the total energy demand in the world, is equivalent to 10 times of the total energy consumption in the world at present, is the fourth largest energy next to coal, petroleum and natural gas, and plays an important role in the whole energy system.
China mainly consumes coal, and petroleum and natural gas resources are in short supply. Currently, the external dependence of oil consumption is up to 40%. In 2020, GDP in China can reach 5 trillion dollars, energy consumption can reach more than 30 billion tons of standard coal, and can reach more than 50 billion tons of standard coal in 2050, and the problem of energy resources is the most important problem in economic development in China. The development and utilization of renewable energy are strategic choices for solving the energy problem in China. The method plays an important role in maintaining the energy safety of China, keeping the self-sufficiency rate of energy of China and improving the energy structure. If the utilization amount of the biomass energy can reach the standard of 5 hundred million tons, one fourth of the current energy consumption can be met. Therefore, the full and effective utilization of biomass energy resources is an important measure for solving the energy problem in China, and has important significance for the development of new energy technology and equipment in China.
At present, most industrial boilers used by enterprises in China use firewood, coal water slurry, heavy oil and coal as main fuels, but the fuels are consumed in large quantity, the ecological environment is seriously damaged, and the environmental pollution is caused. Only a small number of industrial boilers used by enterprises adopt clean fuels such as natural gas, liquefied gas, diesel oil and the like, however, China is a country with 'oil and gas shortage', oil and gas supply is in short supply and is often maintained by means of import, so that the phenomena of 'gas robbery' of industry and residents and the like are caused, and 'gas shortage' and 'oil shortage' are often caused.
A biomass gasification furnace: the biomass briquette is mainly prepared by compressing waste straws, wood chips, wood shavings and other agricultural and forestry wastes into biomass briquette particles as fuel, combustible gases such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen, a small amount of methane and hydrocarbons are generated through pyrolysis and gasification, and are gasified and combusted through multi-stage segmentation reasonable air distribution, so that the heat efficiency is improved, more than 20% of energy is saved compared with the traditional layer combustion mode, and smoke dust and waste generated in the pyrolysis, gasification and combustion process meet the relevant national atmospheric emission standards. Therefore, the energy is effectively saved, the waste resources are efficiently and environmentally utilized, the atmospheric CO2 balance is favorably maintained, the global greenhouse effect is reduced, and the building of an economical society is obviously promoted.
The existing biomass gasification furnace has the advantages that feeding and pyrolysis gasification are carried out in a furnace chamber, the pyrolysis gasification degree of fuel is low, the temperature of an oxidation reaction layer region is uneven in the gasification process in the furnace chamber, local high temperature is easily caused, thermal nitrogen oxide is generated, and the environment is polluted. Due to the existence of a local high-temperature area, the biomass fuel with low ash fusion point cannot normally run due to the coking surface, and the fuel adaptability is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a three-material bed multifunctional biomass gasification furnace which can take away part of heat in the reaction process, so that an oxidation reaction layer is not easy to generate local high-temperature coking to generate thermal nitrogen oxides, and the pollution to the environment is reduced.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a three-material bed multifunctional biomass gasification furnace comprises a gasification furnace box body, wherein a feed inlet is formed in the top wall of the gasification furnace box body, a gas outlet is formed in the side wall of the gasification furnace box body, the gas outlet is connected with a burner, a light pipe water-cooled fixed material bed and a movable material bed are arranged in the gasification furnace box body, the light pipe water-cooled fixed material bed is connected with a circulating water tank outside the gasification furnace box body, the light pipe water-cooled fixed material bed is obliquely arranged below the feed inlet, the inside of the gasification furnace box body is divided into a pyrolysis gasification chamber and a burn-out chamber from left to right by the light pipe water-cooled fixed material bed, the feed inlet is communicated with the pyrolysis gasification chamber, and fuel enters the gasification furnace box body from the feed inlet; the movable material bed is arranged below the pyrolysis gasification chamber and the burn-out chamber, and the movable material bed pushes fuel from the pyrolysis gasification chamber to the burn-out chamber.
Specifically, the light pipe water-cooled fixed material bed comprises an upper water collecting pipe, an upper return water collecting pipe, a lower water collecting pipe and a plurality of convection pipes which are arranged in parallel, wherein one part of the convection pipes communicate the lower water collecting pipe with the upper water collecting pipe, the other part of the convection pipes communicate the lower water collecting pipe with the upper return water collecting pipe, the upper water collecting pipe is connected with the water outlet end of the circulating water tank, and the upper return water collecting pipe is connected with the water return end of the circulating water tank.
Specifically, a water pump is connected between the circulating water tank and the upper water outlet collecting pipe.
Specifically, the part of the movable material bed in the pyrolysis gasification chamber is a pyrolysis gasification material bed, the part of the movable material bed in the burn-out chamber is a burn-out material bed, and a gas baffle plate is arranged at the lower end of the joint of the pyrolysis gasification material bed and the burn-out material bed; gasification medium distributors are respectively arranged below the pyrolysis gasification material bed and the burnout material bed, and the gasification medium distributors respectively provide required gasification media for pyrolysis gasification of fuel in the pyrolysis gasification chamber and the burnout chamber.
Specifically, the gasification medium distributor comprises an air gasification medium module and a water vapor gasification medium module; the air gasification medium module comprises an air medium fan arranged outside the gasification furnace box body, the gasification furnace box body is positioned below the pyrolysis gasification material bed and below the burn-out material bed and is respectively provided with an air medium inlet, and air is respectively provided for the air medium inlets through the air medium fan; the steam gasification medium module comprises a steam distribution pipe, the gasification furnace box body is positioned below the pyrolysis gasification material bed and below the burn-out material bed, the steam distribution pipe is respectively paved, a plurality of gas injection holes allowing steam in the pipe to be sprayed out are formed in the steam distribution pipe, and the steam distribution pipe is connected with a steam pipeline.
Specifically, the number of the air medium fans is one, the air outlet end of each air medium fan is connected with two air pipes which are respectively communicated with the two air medium air inlets, and proportional regulating valves are respectively arranged in the two air pipes.
Specifically, a plurality of slag discharging windows are arranged on the side wall or the bottom wall of the gasification furnace box body below the movable material bed, a scraper conveyor is arranged outside the gasification furnace box body, and each slag discharging window is connected with a slag discharging pipe used for conveying ash slag to the scraper conveyor; the bottom wall of the gasification furnace box body is provided with a hydraulic ash flushing device, and the hydraulic ash flushing device comprises an ash flushing pipeline and a plurality of spray heads connected with the ash flushing pipeline.
Specifically, an ash separation beam is arranged above the tail of the movable material bed, a gap is reserved between the movable material bed and the ash separation beam, the ash separation beam divides the ash chamber into an ash chamber, the ash chamber is positioned on one side far away from the pyrolysis gasification chamber, a slag discharging grate is arranged in the ash chamber, the pushing direction of the slag discharging grate is perpendicular to the pushing direction of the movable material bed, ash is pushed out from the tail of the movable material bed and falls onto the slag discharging grate, and the slag discharging grate pushes the ash out of the gasification furnace box body.
Specifically, the gasifier box is made by steel, the lateral wall of gasifier box and roof inboard all have laid fire-resistant insulating brick, fire-resistant insulating brick with be equipped with the heat preservation cotton between the inner wall of gasifier box.
Specifically, the burner comprises a gas pipe, a first air box and a second air box, wherein a channel allowing the gas pipe to penetrate through is formed in the middle of the first air box, the gas pipe is arranged in the channel, spiral blades are arranged on the outer wall of the gas pipe, a plurality of primary air holes communicated with the first air box and the channel are formed in the outer side wall of the channel, the top of the first air box is connected with a secondary air outlet pipe, the bottom of the secondary air outlet pipe is communicated with the first air box, secondary air tangential blades are arranged at the top of the secondary air outlet pipe, the gas pipe is wrapped on the inner side of the secondary air outlet pipe, the outer side of the secondary air outlet pipe is connected with the second air box, the top of the second air box is connected with a tertiary air outlet pipe, and tertiary air tangential blades are arranged at the top of the tertiary air outlet pipe; the gasification furnace is characterized in that a first fan and a second fan are further arranged outside the gasification furnace box body, and the first fan and the second fan respectively provide air sources for the first air box and the third air box.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention arranges a light pipe water-cooled fixed material bed and a movable material bed in a gasification furnace box body, wherein the light pipe water-cooled fixed material bed divides the gasification furnace into a pyrolysis gasification chamber and a burning chamber, when fuel with low ash fusion point is used, the pyrolysis gasification of the light pipe water-cooled fixed material bed is mainly carried out, the pyrolysis of the movable material bed in the pyrolysis gasification chamber is supplemented, combustible gas obtained by pyrolysis directly enters a burner, partial heat is taken away by the light pipe water-cooled fixed material bed due to a heat exchange mode, and an oxidation reaction layer is not easy to generate local high-temperature coking and generate thermal nitrogen oxide. For high-moisture fuel, the light pipe water-cooled fixed material bed plays a drying role, and the dried fuel is thermally cracked in the movable material bed in the pyrolysis gasification chamber. When the fuel ash has high melting point and is not easy to coke, the thermal cracking of the movable material bed in the pyrolysis gasification chamber is taken as the main part, and the thermal cracking of the light pipe water-cooled fixed material bed is taken as the auxiliary part, so that the temperature of the gasification chamber is well adjusted, the low temperature of the fuel oxidation reaction on the movable gasification bed is ensured, and the nitrogen oxide generated by heating power is reduced. The hot combustible carbon which is not burnt out enters the burning-out chamber, and is continuously subjected to reduction and pyrolysis reaction with the mixture of air and steam on the movable material bed in the burning-out chamber to generate combustible gas until the carbon is burnt out into ash, so that the heat loss of the ash is greatly reduced. The movable material bed is divided into two parts, and then the light tube water-cooled fixed material bed is combined to form three material beds, the front two material beds are mutually converted aiming at the characteristics of fuel, the area of the material beds is effectively increased, the regulation ratio of the pyrolysis load of the gasification furnace is increased, the temperature gradient is reduced, the temperature distribution is uniform, the partial high-temperature coking and the nitrogen oxide generated by heat are avoided, the adaptability of the fuel is wider, the high-efficiency pyrolysis gasification of the biomass fuel is realized, and the environment-friendly emission is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of the inside of a gasification furnace casing according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the water-cooled fixed material bed with light pipes according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of a gasification furnace according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of the present invention showing the relationship between the position of the moving bed and the tapping grate;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a water vapor gasification media module of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the burner of the present invention.
Description of the specific structure: 1 gasification furnace box body, 11 feed inlets, 12 air outlets, 13 observation windows, 14 manhole doors, 15 pyrolysis gasification chamber thermometers, 16 movable material bed thermometers, 2 light pipe water-cooled fixed material beds, 21 upper water outlet and water collecting pipes, 22 upper water return and water collecting pipes, 23 lower water collecting pipes, 24 convection pipes, 31 pyrolysis gasification chambers, 32 burn-out chambers, 33 ash chambers, 4 burners, 40 secondary air outlet pipes, 41 first air boxes, 42 second air boxes, 43 channels, 44 primary air holes, 45 helical blades, 46 secondary air tangential blades, 47 tertiary air outlet pipes, 48 tertiary air tangential blades, 49 gas pipes, 5 steam gasification medium modules, 51 steam pipes, 52 steam distribution pipes, 53 air outlet holes, 6 movable material beds, 61 first power devices, 7 slag discharging grates, 71 second power devices, 81 burn-out isolating beams, 82 isolating beams, 83 isolating plates, 9 rollers, 10 hydraulic ash flushing devices, 101 scraper machines, 102 slag tapping pipe.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, which are given in the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, a three-material bed multifunctional biomass gasification furnace comprises a gasification furnace box 1, wherein a feed port 11 is arranged on the top wall of the gasification furnace box 1, a gas outlet 12 is arranged on the side wall of the gasification furnace box 1, the gas outlet 12 is connected with a burner 4, a light pipe water-cooled fixed material bed 2 and a movable material bed 6 are arranged in the gasification furnace box 1, the light pipe water-cooled fixed material bed 2 is connected with an external circulating water tank of the gasification furnace box 1, the light pipe water-cooled fixed material bed 2 is obliquely arranged below the feed port 11, the light pipe water-cooled fixed material bed 2 divides the interior of the gasification furnace box 1 into a pyrolysis gasification chamber 31 and a burn-out chamber 32 from left to right, the feed port 11 is communicated with the pyrolysis gasification chamber 31, and fuel enters the gasification furnace box 1 from the feed port 11 and then falls; the movable material bed 6 is disposed below the pyrolysis gasification chamber 31 and the ember chamber 32, and the movable material bed 6 pushes fuel from the pyrolysis gasification chamber 31 to the ember chamber 32.
It should be noted that the movable material bed 6 applied in the present invention is prior art, and the present invention does not make any technical improvement, so the present invention does not explain in detail the specific structure thereof, and the specific structure and principle thereof can refer to chinese granted patent CN 105737138B.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2, the light pipe water-cooled fixed material bed 2 includes an upper water collecting pipe 21, an upper water returning collecting pipe 22, a lower water collecting pipe 23, and a plurality of convection pipes 24 arranged in parallel, wherein one part of the convection pipes 24 communicates the lower water collecting pipe 23 with the upper water collecting pipe 21, the other part of the convection pipes 24 communicates the lower water collecting pipe 23 with the upper water returning collecting pipe 22, the upper water returning collecting pipe 21 is connected to a water outlet end of the circulation water tank, and the upper water returning collecting pipe 22 is connected to a water returning end of the circulation water tank. Preferably, the upper water collecting pipe 21 and the upper water collecting pipe 22 are light pipes with one sealed end, and the sealed ends of the two light pipes are connected with each other. It is understood that the circulating water tank, which is a prior art, does not have to be described in detail in this embodiment, and the circulating water tank plays a role in providing a cold source for the light pipe water-cooled fixed material bed 2 in this embodiment.
Preferably, the movable material bed 6 is provided with a burning-out separation beam 81 above, the burning-out separation beam 81 is made of a refractory material, a gap is reserved between the burning-out separation beam 81 and the movable material bed 6, the lower water collecting pipe 23 of the light pipe water-cooled fixed material bed 2 is connected with the burning-out separation beam 81, therefore, the burning-out separation beam 81 can be used as a support of the light pipe water-cooled fixed material bed 2, meanwhile, the burning-out separation beam 81 is arranged, fuel needs to pass through the burning-out separation beam 81 before entering the burning-out chamber 32, the burning-out separation beam 81 is arranged, the speed of the fuel passing through the pyrolysis gasification chamber 31 can be reduced, the pyrolysis gasification time of the fuel is prolonged, and the conversion rate is improved. In addition, a movable material bed thermometer 16 is arranged above the movable material bed, a pyrolysis gasification chamber thermometer 15 is arranged at the upper end in the pyrolysis gasification chamber, the temperatures of the movable material bed 6 and the pyrolysis gasification chamber 31 can be monitored in real time, a zirconium oxide measuring element is arranged at the upper end in the pyrolysis gasification chamber 2, and the oxygen content of the biomass combustible gas generated by pyrolysis gasification is measured and controlled.
Specifically, a water pump is connected between the circulating water tank and the upper water outlet and collecting pipe 31. The water pump is arranged to provide power for water circulation.
Specifically, the part of the movable material bed 6 located in the pyrolysis gasification chamber 31 is a pyrolysis gasification material bed, the part of the movable material bed 6 located in the burn-out chamber 32 is a burn-out material bed, and a gas baffle 83 is arranged at the lower end of the connection part of the pyrolysis gasification material bed and the burn-out material bed; gasification medium distributors are respectively arranged below the pyrolysis gasification material bed and the burn-out material bed, and the gasification medium distributors are used for providing required gasification media for pyrolysis gasification of fuel in the pyrolysis gasification chamber 31 and the burn-out chamber 32. Because the temperature of the fuel reaction on the pyrolysis gasification material bed and the fuel reaction on the burn-out material bed are different, the required medium content is different, the left side and the right side are separated by arranging the gas baffle plate 83, and different content media can be respectively provided for the fuel reaction on the pyrolysis gasification material bed and the fuel reaction on the burn-out material bed.
Specifically, referring to fig. 5, the gasification medium distributor includes an air gasification medium module and a water vapor gasification medium module 5; the air gasification medium module comprises an air medium fan arranged outside the gasification furnace box body, the gasification furnace box body 1 is positioned below the pyrolysis gasification material bed and below the burn-out material bed and is respectively provided with an air medium air inlet, and air is respectively provided for the air medium air inlet through the air medium fan; the steam gasification medium module 5 comprises a steam pipeline 51 and a plurality of steam distribution pipes 52 communicated with the steam pipeline 51, the steam distribution pipes 52 are respectively laid below the pyrolysis gasification material bed and the burnout material bed on the gasification furnace box body, a plurality of gas injection holes 53 allowing the steam in the pipes to be injected are formed in the steam distribution pipes 52, and the steam distribution pipes 52 are connected with the steam pipeline 51. It can be understood that the air medium inlet is arranged to provide the required air medium for the reaction in the gasifier chamber 1, and the air medium inlet is only arranged on the bottom of the gasifier chamber 1 or on the side wall below the movable material bed 6, so that the air can enter the gasifier chamber 1 to contact with the fuel on the movable material bed 6, and the specific arrangement position is the conventional technical means of the person skilled in the art, and the air medium fan is also a fan in the prior art. The steam pipe 51 is connected to a steam generating device capable of providing steam to the steam pipe 51, the steam generating device is generally a water steam generating device, and the steam generating device is a technology well known in the art, and a person skilled in the art can directly use the existing steam generating device to apply to the present embodiment. By arranging a plurality of water vapor distribution pipes 52, each water vapor distribution pipe 52 is provided with a plurality of gas injection holes 53, so that water vapor can be uniformly sprayed below the pyrolysis gasification material bed and the burnout material bed for combustion reaction.
Specifically, the number of the air medium fans is one, the air outlet end of each air medium fan is connected with two air pipes which are respectively communicated with the two air medium air inlets, and proportional regulating valves are respectively arranged in the two air pipes. Two air pipes are connected through the same air medium fan, so that the equipment cost can be saved under the condition of meeting the use requirement.
Specifically, a plurality of slag discharging windows are arranged on the side wall or the bottom wall of the gasification furnace box body 1 below the movable material bed 6, a scraper conveyor 101 is arranged outside the gasification furnace box body, and each slag discharging window is connected with a slag discharging pipe 102 for conveying ash slag to the scraper conveyor 101; the bottom wall of the gasification furnace box body 1 is provided with a hydraulic ash flushing device 102, and the hydraulic ash flushing device 102 comprises an ash flushing pipeline and a plurality of spray heads connected with the ash flushing pipeline. When the ash-washing device is used, a water source is sprayed out through a spray head of the hydraulic ash-washing device 102, ash falling from gaps on the movable material bed 6 is washed up by utilizing hydraulic washing, and due to the arrangement of the slag discharging window and the slag discharging pipe 102, water with ash is discharged from the slag discharging through 102 to the scraper 101 through gravity, and then the ash is collected by the scraper 101. Referring to fig. 1, the hydraulic ash flushing device 10 includes an ash flushing pipeline arranged outside the bottom wall of the gasification furnace box 1, a plurality of nozzles arranged inside the bottom wall of the gasification furnace box 1, and the nozzles are connected with the ash flushing pipeline through branch pipes, so that the ash flushing pipeline can provide water sources for the nozzles. In addition, the scraper 101 used in this embodiment is a prior art, and will not be described in detail in this embodiment.
Specifically, an ash separation beam 82 is arranged above the tail of the movable material bed, a gap is reserved between the movable material bed 6 and the ash separation beam 82, the ash separation beam 82 divides the burning chamber 32 into an ash chamber 33, the ash chamber 33 is positioned on one side far away from the pyrolysis gasification chamber 31, a slag discharging grate 7 is arranged in the ash chamber 33, the pushing direction of the slag discharging grate 7 is perpendicular to the pushing direction of the movable material bed 6, ash is pushed out from the tail of the movable material bed 6 and falls onto the slag discharging grate 7, and the slag discharging grate 7 pushes the ash out of the gasification furnace box body 1. It should be noted that the slag discharging grate 7 of the present invention has the same structure and principle as the movable material bed 6, but the two are different in size, the height of the slag discharging grate 7 is lower than the height of the movable material bed 6, referring to fig. 1, 3 and 4, the first power device 61 connected with the movable material bed 6 is arranged at the left side of the gasification furnace box 1 to push the fuel or ash to the right side, the second power device 71 connected with the slag discharging grate 7 is arranged at the rear of the gasification furnace box 1 to push the ash dropped from the movable material bed 6 to the position of the scraper 101, so that the ash drops onto the scraper 101. The provision of the ash barrier beam 82 reduces the ash removal rate to allow the fuel reaction to be more complete.
Specifically, the gasification furnace box body 1 is made of steel, refractory insulating bricks are laid on the inner sides of the side wall and the top wall of the gasification furnace box body 1, and insulating cotton is arranged between the refractory insulating bricks and the inner wall of the gasification furnace box body. And refractory insulating bricks and insulating cotton are laid for improving the fire resistance and the heat insulating property in the gasification furnace box body 1, prolonging the service life of the product and reducing energy loss.
Specifically, be equipped with observation window 13 and manhole door 14 on the lateral wall of gasifier box 1, set up observation window 13 and be used for the interior reaction condition of human eye real-time observation stove, set up manhole door 14 and be used for conveniently when the equipment trouble in the stove, the people can get into the stove through manhole door 14 and overhaul.
Specifically, the roller 9 is arranged below the gasification furnace box body 1, and the roller 9 is arranged to facilitate the movement of equipment.
Specifically, the burner comprises a gas pipe 49, a first wind box 41 and a second wind box 42, wherein the middle part of the first wind box 41 is provided with a channel 43 allowing the gas pipe 49 to pass through, the gas pipe 49 is arranged in the channel 43, the outer wall of the gas pipe 49 is provided with a helical blade 45, a plurality of primary air holes 44 communicating the first air box 41 and the channel 43 are arranged on the outer side wall of the channel 43, the top of the first air box 41 is connected with a secondary air outlet pipe 40, the bottom of the secondary air outlet pipe 40 is communicated with the first air box 41, the top of the secondary air outlet pipe 40 is provided with secondary air tangential blades 46, the fuel gas pipe 49 is wrapped on the inner side of the secondary air outlet pipe 40, the outer side of the secondary air outlet pipe 40 is connected with a second air box 42, the top of the second air box 42 is connected with a tertiary air outlet pipe 47, and the top of the tertiary air outlet pipe 47 is provided with tertiary air tangential blades 48; a first fan (not shown) and a second fan (not shown) are further arranged outside the gasifier box body, and the first fan and the second fan respectively provide air sources for the first air box 41 and the third air box 42.
The working principle of the burner disclosed by the invention is as follows: when the air-fuel combustion device is used, air firstly enters the channel 42 through the primary air holes 44, the air is firstly combined with fuel gas at the air outlet end of the fuel gas pipe 49 and is premixed with combustible gas to be combusted in a rich fuel mode, then the air is fully mixed with the rich fuel mode at the secondary air tangential blades 46 of the secondary air outlet pipe 40 to be combusted in a rich fuel mode, the unburned combustible gas is then mixed with tertiary air tangential blades 48 in a rotational flow mode to be combusted in a lean fuel mode, the combustion efficiency is fully improved, meanwhile, nitrogen oxides generated by local high temperature of flame can be avoided, and the generated nitrogen oxides can be further utilized to pass through reducing gas (CH) contained in the combustible gas4、CO、H2C) reducing the nitrogen oxides formed to N2。
The working principle of the embodiment is as follows: the inclined light pipe water-cooled fixed material bed 2 plays roles of drying and pyrolysis gasification, when fuel with a low ash fusion point is used, the light pipe water-cooled fixed material bed 2 is mainly used for pyrolysis gasification, pyrolysis of the pyrolysis gasification material bed is used as supplement, combustible gas obtained by pyrolysis directly enters the burner 4, partial heat is taken away by the light pipe water-cooled fixed material bed 2 due to a heat exchange mode, and an oxidation reaction layer is not easy to produce local high-temperature coking and generate thermal nitrogen oxides. For the fuel with high moisture, the light pipe water-cooled fixed material bed 2 plays a drying role, and the fuel is dried and then enters the pyrolysis gasification material bed for thermal cracking. When the fuel ash has high melting point and is not easy to coke, the thermal cracking of the pyrolysis gasification material bed is taken as the main part, and the thermal cracking of the light pipe water-cooled fixed material bed 2 is taken as the auxiliary part, so that the temperature of the gasification chamber is well adjusted, the low temperature of the fuel oxidation reaction on the pyrolysis gasification material bed is ensured, and the nitrogen oxide generated by heating power is reduced. The hot combustible carbon which is not burnt out enters the burning-out chamber, and is continuously subjected to reduction and pyrolysis reaction with the mixture of air and steam on the burning-out material bed to generate combustible gas until the carbon is burnt out into ash, so that the heat loss of the ash is greatly reduced. The operation of the gasification furnace cannot be influenced by a certain degree of coking caused by the temperature of the burnout chamber being higher than the melting point temperature of ash, because the coke slag is easily pushed to the reciprocating movable slag discharging grate to be discharged out of the furnace. The three material beds, the two former material beds are mutually converted aiming at the characteristics of the fuel, the area of the material beds is effectively increased, the regulation ratio of the pyrolysis load of the gasification furnace is increased, the temperature gradient is reduced, the temperature distribution is uniform, the nitrogen oxides generated by local high-temperature coking and heat power are avoided, the adaptability of the fuel is wider, the high-efficiency pyrolysis gasification of the biomass fuel is realized, and the environment-friendly emission is realized.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention should not be limited thereby, and all the simple equivalent changes and modifications made in the claims and the description of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a three-material bed multifunctional biomass gasification stove, includes the gasifier box, gasifier box roof is equipped with the feed inlet, and the lateral wall is equipped with the gas outlet, the gas outlet is connected its characterized in that with the nozzle: a light pipe water-cooled fixed material bed and a movable material bed are arranged in the gasification furnace box body, the light pipe water-cooled fixed material bed is connected with an external circulating water tank of the gasification furnace box body, the light pipe water-cooled fixed material bed is obliquely arranged below the feed port, the light pipe water-cooled fixed material bed divides the inside of the gasification furnace box body into a pyrolysis gasification chamber and a burn-out chamber from left to right, the feed port is communicated with the pyrolysis gasification chamber, and fuel enters the gasification furnace box body from the feed port and then falls onto the upper surface of the light pipe water-cooled fixed material bed; the movable material bed is arranged below the pyrolysis gasification chamber and the burn-out chamber, and the movable material bed pushes fuel from the pyrolysis gasification chamber to the burn-out chamber.
2. The multi-functional biomass gasification furnace of claim 1, characterized in that: the light pipe water-cooled fixed material bed comprises an upper water outlet collecting pipe, an upper water return collecting pipe, a lower water collecting pipe and a plurality of convection pipes which are arranged in parallel, wherein one part of the convection pipes communicate the lower water collecting pipe with the upper water outlet collecting pipe, the other part of the convection pipes communicate the lower water collecting pipe with the upper water return collecting pipe, the upper water outlet collecting pipe is connected with the water outlet end of the circulating water tank, and the upper water return collecting pipe is connected with the water return end of the circulating water tank.
3. The multi-functional biomass gasification furnace of claim 2, characterized in that: and a water pump is connected between the circulating water tank and the upper water outlet collecting pipe.
4. The multi-functional biomass gasification furnace of claim 1, characterized in that: the part of the movable material bed in the pyrolysis gasification chamber is a pyrolysis gasification material bed, the part of the movable material bed in the burn-out chamber is a burn-out material bed, and a gas baffle plate is arranged at the lower end of the joint of the pyrolysis gasification material bed and the burn-out material bed; gasification medium distributors are respectively arranged below the pyrolysis gasification material bed and the burnout material bed, and the gasification medium distributors respectively provide required gasification media for pyrolysis gasification of fuel in the pyrolysis gasification chamber and the burnout chamber.
5. The multi-functional biomass gasification furnace of claim 4, characterized in that: the gasification medium distributor comprises an air gasification medium module and a water vapor gasification medium module; the air gasification medium module comprises an air medium fan arranged outside the gasification furnace box body, the gasification furnace box body is positioned below the pyrolysis gasification material bed and below the burn-out material bed and is respectively provided with an air medium inlet, and air is respectively provided for the air medium inlets through the air medium fan; the steam gasification medium module comprises a steam distribution pipe, the gasification furnace box body is positioned below the pyrolysis gasification material bed and below the burn-out material bed, the steam distribution pipe is respectively paved, a plurality of gas injection holes allowing steam in the pipe to be sprayed out are formed in the steam distribution pipe, and the steam distribution pipe is connected with a steam pipeline.
6. The three-bed multifunctional biomass gasification furnace according to claim 5, characterized in that: the air medium fan is provided with one air medium fan, the air outlet end of the air medium fan is connected with two air pipes which are respectively communicated with the two air medium air inlets, and a proportion adjusting valve is respectively arranged in the two air pipes.
7. The multi-functional biomass gasification furnace of claim 1, characterized in that: a plurality of slag discharging windows are arranged on the side wall or the bottom wall of the gasification furnace box body below the movable material bed, a scraper conveyor is arranged outside the gasification furnace box body, and each slag discharging window is connected with a slag discharging pipe used for conveying ash slag to the scraper conveyor; the bottom wall of the gasification furnace box body is provided with a hydraulic ash flushing device, and the hydraulic ash flushing device comprises an ash flushing pipeline and a plurality of spray heads connected with the ash flushing pipeline.
8. The multi-functional biomass gasification furnace of claim 7, characterized in that: an ash slag separation beam is arranged above the tail of the movable material bed, a gap is reserved between the movable material bed and the ash slag separation beam, the ash slag separation beam divides the burning chamber into an ash slag chamber, the ash slag chamber is positioned on one side far away from the pyrolysis gasification chamber, a slag discharging grate is arranged in the ash slag chamber, the pushing direction of the slag discharging grate is perpendicular to the pushing direction of the movable material bed, ash slag is pushed out from the tail of the movable material bed and falls onto the slag discharging grate, and the slag discharging grate pushes the ash slag out of the gasification furnace box body.
9. The multi-functional biomass gasification furnace of claim 1, characterized in that: the gasifier box is made by steel, the lateral wall of gasifier box and roof inboard have all been laid fire-resistant insulating brick, fire-resistant insulating brick with be equipped with the heat preservation cotton between the inner wall of gasifier box.
10. The multi-functional biomass gasification furnace of claim 1, characterized in that: the burner comprises a gas pipe, a first air box and a second air box, wherein a channel allowing the gas pipe to pass through is formed in the middle of the first air box, the gas pipe is arranged in the channel, spiral blades are arranged on the outer wall of the gas pipe, a plurality of primary air holes communicated with the first air box and the channel are formed in the outer side wall of the channel, the top of the first air box is connected with a secondary air outlet pipe, the bottom of the secondary air outlet pipe is communicated with the first air box, secondary air tangential blades are arranged at the top of the secondary air outlet pipe, the gas pipe is wrapped on the inner side of the secondary air outlet pipe, the outer side of the secondary air outlet pipe is connected with the second air box, the top of the second air box is connected with a tertiary air outlet pipe, and tertiary air tangential blades are arranged at the top of the tertiary air outlet; the gasification furnace is characterized in that a first fan and a second fan are further arranged outside the gasification furnace box body, and the first fan and the second fan respectively provide air sources for the first air box and the third air box.
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| CN201910765699.3A CN110396430B (en) | 2019-08-19 | 2019-08-19 | Three-material bed multifunctional biomass gasification furnace |
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| CN201910765699.3A CN110396430B (en) | 2019-08-19 | 2019-08-19 | Three-material bed multifunctional biomass gasification furnace |
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| CN110396430B true CN110396430B (en) | 2020-09-04 |
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| CN104566345A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-04-29 | 锦州生泰环保设备锅炉有限公司 | Biomass gasification combustion boiler |
| CN204756903U (en) * | 2015-06-03 | 2015-11-11 | 江西前程新能源科技有限公司 | Living beings combustion apparatus that partly gasifies |
| CN204853444U (en) * | 2015-08-03 | 2015-12-09 | 宋宏儒 | Gasification of formula that leans forward thermopnore moulded coal, burning all -in -one |
| CN206768042U (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-12-19 | 广州博恩能源有限公司 | A kind of biomass gasifying furnace |
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Denomination of invention: A three-bed multifunctional biomass gasifier Effective date of registration: 20230113 Granted publication date: 20200904 Pledgee: Bank of Guangzhou Co.,Ltd. paper bank sub branch Pledgor: GUANGZHOU HUIDI NEW ENERGY TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2023980031029 |