CN213506773U - Bale stalk gasification heat supply integrated boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a bundled straw gasification heat supply integrated boiler, which is characterized by comprising a sealed furnace door, a cracking chamber, a gas combustion chamber, a carbide burnout chamber and a chain grate; a partition wall is arranged between the cracking chamber and the gas combustion chamber, the partition wall is provided with a burner nozzle, the gas combustion chamber and the carbide burnout chamber are provided with furnace arches, an ignition burner is arranged in the gas combustion chamber, the cracking chamber comprises a drying area, an anaerobic cracking area and an oxygen deficiency cracking area, and the cracking chamber is provided with a flame observation port and an ignition port; the chain grate is arranged below the boiler body, air distribution chambers are arranged in the chain grate, and air doors are arranged in the air distribution chambers; still be provided with the grass ash and collect the mouth, the grass ash is collected the mouth and is set up the afterbody at the traveling grate stoker. The straw of the utility model is directly fed without pretreatment such as crushing or curing; the problems of pipeline blockage and pollution caused by tar are solved; the secondary pollution problem caused by the waste gas and the waste water generated in the dust removal and the coke removal.

Description

Bale stalk gasification heat supply integrated boiler

Technical Field

The utility model relates to an integration boiler especially relates to a bale straw gasification heat supply integration boiler.

Background

China is a big agricultural country, about 7.5 million tons of agricultural and forestry wastes such as straws are generated every year, and a large amount of straws are burned in the open air, so that resources and energy are wasted, and serious environmental pollution is brought. Clean and efficient utilization of straw resources has become a significant problem for sustainable development of agriculture, atmospheric pollution treatment and new rural construction in China. The agricultural and forestry wastes such as straws contain rich chemical energy, and the energy generated by every 2 tons of straws is equivalent to the energy generated by 1 ton of standard coal. At present, two main types of straw energy sources are utilized, one type is straw gasification, straws are firstly crushed and processed into granular straws, and then the straws are gasified into straw fuel gas to be utilized. The method has complicated process, secondary pollution of tar, pyroligneous liquor and the like, and low heat value of the straw fuel gas. The other is a straw direct-fired boiler, which directly burns straws to supply heat to the boiler for utilization. The method adopts peroxide combustion, and has low thermal efficiency and serious pollution of smoke, SO2, NOx, etc. The problems that an existing bundled straw boiler is insufficient in combustion, a flue gas purification process is complex after combustion, the automation degree is low and the like are solved.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims at making up the problem that straw gasification technology is complicated, has secondary pollution, and gas calorific value is low, and it is low to solve straw direct combustion boiler thermal efficiency, and serious scheduling problem is polluted such as smoke and dust, SO2, NOx and provide a bale straw gasification heat supply integration boiler.

The purpose of the utility model is realized like this:

a bale stalk gasification heat supply integrated boiler comprises a sealed furnace door, a cracking chamber, a gas combustion chamber, a carbide burnout chamber and a traveling grate; the cracking chamber, the gas combustion chamber and the carbide burnout chamber are designed integrally, gasification and combustion are completed in the integrated design, a partition wall is arranged between the cracking chamber and the gas combustion chamber, the partition wall is provided with a combustion nozzle, the gas combustion chamber and the carbide burnout chamber are provided with furnace arches, an ignition burner is arranged in the gas combustion chamber, the cracking chamber comprises a drying area, an anaerobic cracking area and an oxygen deficiency cracking area, and the cracking chamber is provided with a flame observation port and an ignition port; the chain grate is arranged below the boiler body, air distribution chambers are arranged in the chain grate, and air doors are arranged in the air distribution chambers; still be provided with the grass ash and collect the mouth, the grass ash is collected the mouth and is set up the afterbody at the traveling grate stoker.

The utility model discloses still include such characteristics:

the closed furnace door moves relative to the cracking chamber, and a furnace door lifting mechanism is arranged at the top end of the closed furnace door;

the burner nozzle comprises an air distribution pipe, a mixed gas inlet, an air chamber and an air inlet hole.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are that:

1. the straws are directly fed without pretreatment such as crushing or curing; the problems of pipeline blockage and pollution caused by tar are solved; the secondary pollution problem caused by the waste gas and the waste water after dust removal and coke removal; the problem of volume increase of the gas storage cabinet caused by low calorific value of gasified gas; the problems of bridging, slagging and furnace body corrosion of the ash content of the straws are solved;

2. according to the requirement, the bundled straw gasification and heat supply integrated boiler can further realize the co-production of gas production, carbon production, heat supply and power generation, and the residual plant ash can also be used as fertilizer or building raw material, so that the efficient and low-cost energy conversion and comprehensive utilization of the straw are realized;

3. straw is converted into hydrocarbon fuel gas such as CO, H2, CH4, CmHn and the like through drying, pyrolysis, oxidation and catalytic reforming, the mixed fuel gas is not cooled and purified, anaerobic combustion, positive pressure combustion, flameless combustion and secondary combustion are directly carried out, and the generated heat is absorbed by the integrated boiler;

4. the internal part of the bundled straw gasification heat supply integrated boiler is designed into 5 functional areas according to functions; the first functional area is a preheating and drying area, the second functional area is an anaerobic cracking area, the third functional area is an anoxic decomposition area, the fourth functional area is a catalytic reduction area, the fifth functional area is a mixed gas combustion area, and the mixed gas generated in the second, third and fourth areas is catalytically reduced by the fifth area to generate fully available pyrolysis mixed gas;

5. the bale straw gasification heat supply integrated boiler can use cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin of biomass such as straws, trees and the like except grains and fruits in the production process of agriculture and forestry, agaric and mushroom planting waste, agricultural product processing industry leftovers, agriculture and forestry waste and organic garbage;

6. the essence of the utility model is that the technologies of pyrolysis gasification, anaerobic combustion, positive pressure combustion, flameless combustion, secondary combustion and high-efficiency enhanced heat transfer and heat exchange are combined, and the high-efficiency and low-cost energy conversion heat supply and comprehensive utilization of the straws are realized. The bundled straw gasification heat supply integrated boiler not only can replace fossil fuels such as coal and the like, but also can reduce pollutants such as CO2, SO2, NOx and the like discharged due to the use of the mineral fuels, thereby playing a role in protecting and improving the environment.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a structure of a bundled straw gasification heat supply integrated boiler;

FIG. 2 is a side view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a top view of FIG. 1;

fig. 4 is a partially enlarged view of fig. 2.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

The utility model discloses based on raw materials is hierarchical, the hierarchical technological principle of air distribution, designed bale straw gasification heat supply integration boiler, with living beings schizolysis gasification segmentation burning, researched and developed key parts such as multistage air distribution system and venturi gas cleaning dust collector to developed intelligent control system, realized the real-time regulation and control and the data acquisition of combustion process technological parameter.

The packing straw gasification and heat supply integrated boiler has the advantages that the combustion speed of the boiler is controllable, straw deflagration is prevented, the temperature of a hearth is controllable, energy can be effectively saved, harmful gas emission is reduced, the environment-friendly index is reached, and the straw cracking gasification boiler is limited by the sealing of the boiler.

The purpose of the utility model is realized according to the following method: the bundled straw gasification heat supply integrated boiler takes air and water as gasification agents, bundled straws are directly fed into the boiler and are converted into hydrocarbon fuel gases such as CO, H2, CH4, CmHn and the like through drying, pyrolysis, oxidation and catalytic reforming, mixed fuel gas is not cooled and purified, anaerobic combustion, positive pressure combustion, flameless combustion and secondary combustion are directly carried out, heat is absorbed by the integrated boiler, and the straw gasification heat supply integrated boiler is a straw gasification heat supply system integrating efficient gasification, clean combustion and enhanced heat exchange. The mixed combustible gas can be used as clean fuel for power generation, and the inorganic ash can be comprehensively utilized as building materials or directly used as fertilizer for returning to the field.

Basis of design

1. According to the gasification technical principle: the straw is subjected to thermal decomposition under the conditions of high temperature, no oxygen or lack of oxygen by utilizing the thermal instability of the straw, molecular chains in organic matters begin to be broken and decomposed, the surface moisture, carbon dioxide, methane and the like are separated out, pyrolysis gas containing methane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and the like is generated, and simultaneously tar is generated to be continuously cracked and separated out of combustible gas under the high-temperature environment.

2. According to the actual operation condition of the straw gasification furnace, the optimization design is carried out on the basis of the design process of the gasification treatment device, so that the gasification treatment system achieves the aims of quick harmless treatment, energy conservation, emission reduction and resource treatment.

Second, design principles

In order to ensure the realization of technical indexes and the advancement of the technical design of the whole equipment system, the design must follow the following principles:

1. the new material, the new process and the new technology are adopted, so that the equipment can realize the effective treatment of the straws.

2. The equipment is matched with equipment, and equipment is selected or modified, so that the quality is particularly noticed on the premise of ensuring the treatment effect.

3. The equipment is arranged in a general layout, and the smooth operation process and the safety and stability of operation need to be ensured.

Third, technical requirements

1. The pyrolysis system can completely pyrolyze the straws and burn carbonized residues under the condition of meeting the required operation working condition.

2. The mixed gas of the straw pyrolysis can be partially converted into combustible gas to replace the use amount of other fuels, and meanwhile, the generation and the emission of waste gas are reduced.

3. In order to avoid secondary pollution, the pyrolysis should meet the following technical requirements: (1) pyrolysis temperature: 850 ℃ to 950 ℃ (2) pyrolysis efficiency: more than 90 percent of (3) harmful substance removal rate, more than 99 percent of (4) thermal ignition loss rate, less than 5 percent of (5) pyrolysis furnace operation, ensures that the system is in a normal pressure and micro negative pressure state, and avoids harmful gas overflow and safe operation of the pyrolysis furnace. (6) The equipment material has high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance.

Fourth, equipment structure and processing method

1. The special pyrolysis gasifier for the material boiler of the pyrolysis gasifier comprises the following steps: the heat radiation conduction structure in the furnace body is made of high-temperature resistant Q245R material; the heating chamber is made of high-alumina refractory bricks or high-alumina casting materials. The external heat preservation and insulation layer of the furnace body: the light high-efficiency heat-preservation composite heat-insulation material or the ceramic heat-insulation felt is adopted, and the temperature of the outer surface is less than or equal to the ambient temperature plus 25 ℃. The thickness of the heat insulation layer is less than or equal to 150 mm.

2. The straw pyrolysis gasification boiler adopts a pyrolysis gasification furnace treatment mode and comprises the following steps: 1. and in the dehydration drying stage, firstly dehydrating and drying in an oxygen-free high-temperature bin, and then entering a cracking zone. 2. In the cracking and gasifying stage, the straw is further heated in an oxygen-free high-temperature bin, cellulose and the like begin to crack, macromolecules are cracked into micromolecules, and methane, hydrogen and steam containing organic matters are generated. As the temperature rises, the lignin begins to crack, and the straw is completely carbonized. 3. In the carbide combustion stage, after the straws are completely carbonized, oxygen is supplied to the carbide in a high-temperature state, the straw carbide does not need auxiliary fuel to be combusted, and after the carbide is completely combusted, ash can be returned to the field as an organic fertilizer.

Fifthly, the straw bales are conveyed into a cracking bin through a feeding machine, and a sealing door of the cracking bin is closed; the heating chamber starts to ignite and heat. The straw bales begin to dehydrate, dry and then crack under the high-temperature and anaerobic state, the water on the surfaces of the straws is analyzed out, the molecular chains of organic matters begin to break, macromolecules crack into micromolecules, and the micromolecules are directly discharged into a heating chamber in a gaseous state and participate in combustion under the high-temperature state. At this point the straw has been converted to char. And opening an air supply valve, starting the carbide to burn, and bagging the remainder for the organic fertilizer to return the field for utilization after the carbide is burnt out.

The main equipment is as follows: straw pyrolysis gasification boiler stove ignition burner pyrolysis gas burner frequency conversion air-blower frequency conversion draught fan heating system circulating water pump boiler system moisturizing pump.

Auxiliary equipment: the integrative equipment of venturi physics and chemistry tail gas purification includes: comprises a Venturi drop catcher, a deacidification dust remover tank body, a photo-oxidation catalytic device, a deacidification pump, a Roots blower and other equipment

The utility model discloses still have following technical characteristic:

1. the straw gasification boiler is divided into five functional areas of three combustion chambers: the combustion chamber is respectively a cracking gasification chamber, a gas combustion chamber and a carbide burnout chamber. The five functional areas are respectively a first functional area which is a preheating drying area, a second functional area which is an anaerobic cracking area, a third functional area which is an anoxic decomposition area, a fourth functional area which is a catalytic reduction area and is completed in a carbide burnout chamber, and a fifth functional area which is a mixed gas combustion area.

2. A partition wall is arranged between the cracking chamber and the gas combustion chamber, and a gas combustion nozzle is arranged on the partition wall.

3. The gas burner is provided with a wind distribution pipe connected with an air supply system.

4. An automatic ignition device is arranged in the gas combustion chamber.

5. The boiler water cooling wall pipes are connected by steel plates to ensure the tightness of the hearth, which is favorable for the high gas yield of the straws.

6. The furnace door adopts a positive pressure sealing door to ensure the air tightness of the hearth,

the utility model has the advantages of: the structure is simple, the operation is reliable, the air tightness of the hearth is high, the gas production is high, the combustion speed is high, the temperature of the hearth can be quickly improved, and meanwhile, the discharge amount of harmful gas is reduced along with the increase of the temperature of the hearth, so that the energy-saving and environment-friendly requirements are met.

As shown in fig. 1-3, the straw gasification boiler structure comprises a sealed furnace door 1; cracking chamber 2, cracking chamber 2 is divided into 3 functional areas: a drying zone, an anaerobic cracking zone and an oxygen-deficient cracking zone; the catalytic reduction process is also completed in the carbide burnout chamber 8 by the gas combustion chamber 11 and the carbide burnout chamber 8; the sealing furnace door 1 rotates and moves relative to the cracking chamber 2, and a furnace door lifting mechanism is arranged at the top end of the sealing furnace door; a flame observation hole 4 and an ignition hole 7 are arranged on one side of the furnace wall; a partition wall is arranged between the cracking chamber 2 and the gas combustion chamber 11, a combustion nozzle 3 is arranged on the partition wall 9, and an air distribution pipe 15 is tangentially arranged on the combustion nozzle 3; an ignition burner 10 is arranged in the gas combustion chamber 11; a furnace arch 12 is arranged between the gas combustion chamber 11 and the carbide burnout chamber 8; a traveling grate 5 is arranged below the boiler body, an air distribution chamber 6 is arranged in the traveling grate, and an air door is arranged in the air distribution chamber 6; the tail part of the chain grate 5 is provided with a plant ash collecting port 13; a is a drying area, b is an anaerobic cracking area, c is an oxygen-deficient cracking area, d is a fuel gas combustion area, and e is a catalytic reduction area.

As shown in fig. 4, the burner tip 3 includes a distribution pipe 15; a mixed gas inlet 16; an air chamber 17; an air inlet hole 18;

the principle of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings: as shown in fig. 1-3, a rotary furnace door 1 is opened to convey the structural bale into a furnace through a feeding machine, straws are ignited through an ignition hole 7, then the furnace door is closed to be gasified in an oxygen-free and oxygen-deficient state, generated gases such as hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide and the like enter a gas combustion chamber 11 through a gas burner 3, an ignition burner 10 is opened, the gases are ignited and then retreat from the gas combustion chamber 11, and the ignition burner 10 and a burner ignition door are closed. After the straw gasification is finished, the residual carbide moves into a straw carbide burnout chamber 8 through a chain grate 5, catalytic reduction is carried out in the carbonization burnout chamber, the reduced carbon monoxide enters a gas combustion chamber 11 for continuous combustion, and the straw carbonization residue plant ash is collected, bagged, returned to the field and reused.

A bale straw gasification heat supply integrated boiler integrates gasification, combustion and heat supply boiler of bale straw into a whole heat supply system; the inside of the bale straw gasification heat supply integrated boiler is divided into a cracking gasification chamber, a gas combustion chamber and a carbide burnout chamber. The design is 5 functional areas according to functions; the first functional area is a preheating and drying area, the second functional area is an anaerobic cracking area, the third functional area is an anoxic decomposition area, the fourth functional area is a catalytic reduction area, the fifth functional area is a mixed gas combustion area, and the mixed gas generated in the second, third and fourth areas is catalytically reduced by the fifth area to generate fully available pyrolysis mixed gas; the method comprises the following steps of taking air and water as gasifying agents, directly feeding bundled straws into a furnace, converting the bundled straws into hydrocarbon fuel gases such as CO, H2, CH4 and CmHn through drying, pyrolysis, oxidation and catalytic reforming, and directly carrying out anaerobic combustion, positive pressure combustion, flameless combustion and secondary combustion on the mixed fuel gases without cooling and purifying; the heat is absorbed by the integrated boiler by combining the high-efficiency heat transfer and heat exchange enhancement technology, so that the straw gasification heat supply integrating high-efficiency gasification, clean combustion and heat exchange enhancement is realized; the inorganic ash can be comprehensively utilized as a building material or directly returned to the field as a fertilizer; the bundled straws of the bundled straw gasification heat supply integrated boiler comprise straws except grains and fruits, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin of biomass such as trees and the like in the production process of agriculture and forestry, agaric and mushroom planting wastes, leftovers of agricultural product processing industry, agricultural and forestry wastes, organic garbage and mixtures thereof.

The utility model discloses a bale straw gasification heat supply integration boiler. The method is characterized in that gasification, combustion and heat supply boilers for bundling straws are integrated, air and water are used as gasifying agents, bundled straws are directly fed into a furnace, and are converted into hydrocarbon fuel gases such as CO, H2, CH4, CmHn and the like through drying, pyrolysis, oxidation and catalytic reforming, mixed fuel gases are directly subjected to anaerobic combustion, positive pressure combustion, flameless combustion and secondary combustion without cooling and purification, heat is absorbed by the integrated boiler by combining a high-efficiency heat transfer and exchange technology, and the straw gasification heat supply and comprehensive utilization of the straws which are integrated into a whole through high-efficiency gasification, clean combustion and heat exchange enhancement are realized. The inorganic ash can be comprehensively utilized as a building material or directly returned to the field as a fertilizer. The bundled straw gasification heat supply integrated boiler not only can replace fossil fuels such as coal and the like, but also can reduce pollutants such as CO2, SO2, NOx and the like discharged due to the use of the mineral fuels, thereby playing a role in protecting and improving the environment.

Claims (3)

1. A bale stalk gasification heat supply integrated boiler is characterized by comprising a sealed furnace door, a cracking chamber, a gas combustion chamber, a carbide burnout chamber and a traveling grate; the cracking chamber, the gas combustion chamber and the carbide burnout chamber are designed integrally, a partition wall is arranged between the cracking chamber and the gas combustion chamber, a burner is arranged on the partition wall, furnace arches are arranged on the gas combustion chamber and the carbide burnout chamber, an ignition burner is arranged in the gas combustion chamber, the cracking chamber comprises a drying area, an anaerobic cracking area and an oxygen deficiency cracking area, and a flame observation port and an ignition port are arranged in the cracking chamber; the chain grate is arranged below the boiler body, air distribution chambers are arranged in the chain grate, and air doors are arranged in the air distribution chambers; still be provided with the grass ash and collect the mouth, the grass ash is collected the mouth and is set up the afterbody at the traveling grate stoker.

2. The bale straw gasification and heat supply integrated boiler according to claim 1, wherein the sealing furnace door moves relatively to the cracking chamber, and a furnace door lifting mechanism is arranged at the top end of the sealing furnace door.

3. The bale straw gasification and heat supply integrated boiler as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the burner comprises a distribution pipe, a mixed gas inlet, a wind chamber and an air inlet hole.

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