CN1103885C - 双中间轴变速器 - Google Patents

双中间轴变速器 Download PDF

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CN1103885C
CN1103885C CN00807310A CN00807310A CN1103885C CN 1103885 C CN1103885 C CN 1103885C CN 00807310 A CN00807310 A CN 00807310A CN 00807310 A CN00807310 A CN 00807310A CN 1103885 C CN1103885 C CN 1103885C
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main shaft
shaft
auxiliary
grillage
gear
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CN1350622A (zh
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托马斯·格南德特
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H3/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/093Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts
    • F16H3/095Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts with means for ensuring an even distribution of torque between the countershafts
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/19Gearing
    • Y10T74/19023Plural power paths to and/or from gearing
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/19Gearing
    • Y10T74/19023Plural power paths to and/or from gearing
    • Y10T74/19074Single drive plural driven
    • Y10T74/19079Parallel
    • Y10T74/19084Spur
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/19Gearing
    • Y10T74/19219Interchangeably locked
    • Y10T74/19233Plurality of counter shafts

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Arrangement And Driving Of Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Gear Transmission (AREA)
  • General Details Of Gearings (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)

Abstract

具有负载补偿功能的双中间轴变速器,它具有,一根轴向和径向支承的驱动轴;一根与该驱动轴同轴支承的主轴,该主轴通过一根辅助从动轴与一根输出轴连接用于动力输出传动;和两根中间轴。其中,一个齿轮在该两根中间轴之间,该齿轮当加上一个负载时自动定于两中间轴上所对应的齿轮中间。另外,在辅助从动轴(2)上还配置有一个辅助从动齿轮(3),该齿轮与安装在主轴之上的主轴轮(4)相啮合,而且由该主轴轮来驱动。在辅助从动轮(3)与主轴轮(4)之间有一个板架(5),该板架的一端被支承于辅助从动轴(2),另一端则支承于主轴轮(4)。

Description

双中间轴变速器
本发明涉及一种按权利求1的前序部分所述的用于汽车的具有负载补偿功能的双中间轴变速器,其包括:一根轴向和径向支承的驱动轴;一根与该驱动轴同轴安装的主轴,其经由一根辅助从动轴与一根输出轴连接;和两根中间轴。
在这种带有至少两根中间轴的变速器中,负载补偿一般是这样来配置的,即驱动轴和中间轴刚性地支承到箱体,而主轴(或者从动轴)浮动地支承到总齿轮(Summenrder),这些总齿轮位于主轴之上并处于能流之中。
例如EP-A 43443描述了一种多中间轴的功率分配器,该分配器带有一根轴向和径向都支承的驱动轴。一个在该驱动轴上的主动齿轮传递转矩给与该主动齿轮啮合并固定在中间轴上的齿轮。从这些齿轮,转矩继续传递给轴向固定而径向活动地位于从动轴上的动齿轮,且分别经一个配属的耦合装置继续传递给从动轴。因此,该从动轴被浮动地与驱动轴同轴地支承。
在两个或多个常量情况下,会遇到的问题是,在多个主动齿轮中,由于制造公差,不换挡的主动齿轮需要一个径向间隙。当一根中间轴上的转矩下降时,驱动轴上的一个斜向啮合区上会产生径向和轴向力。为能抗衡这些力,必须将这个处在能流中的齿轮导向驱动轴。
双中间轴变速器一般这样实施:驱动轴在径向和轴向固定,而由于负载补偿的需要,主轴(或从动轴)在径向活动而在轴向上固定。此外,为获得一种有效的负载补偿,在驱动轴上和在从动轴上的所有动齿轮都是轴向固定,而径向活动。
然而,当出现一种不对称的受力情况时,必要的负载补偿受到干扰。例如,通过仅有的一根中间轴来实现辅助驱动的情况就是这样。
为了如下地设计双中间轴变速器,即也能有一个非对称的受力,特别是在辅助驱动也是通过仅有的一根中间轴来实现的情况,因此在EP683873中,本申请人建议,在驱动轴上至少一个主动齿轮是一个轴向固定和径向可自由移动的动齿轮,该动齿轮为传递转矩,则通过一个换挡装置与驱动轴连接,并通过一个可移动的支承装置来径向固定。通过配置在驱动轴上的主动齿轮的这种径向支承和对中,可通过一个中间轴产生不对称的受力和单边从动,而不影响齿轮变速器的功能。由于通常总有两个主动齿轮,始终只有换档主动齿轮才必须是径向固定的,因此另一个主动齿轮则是径向活动的。
一种具有负载补偿特征的双中间轴变速器由本申请人在标题为“Astronic”下提出并制造。在该变速器中,一个齿轮在径向有很大间隙地轴向固定地配置在两中间轴之间,当加上一个负载时,该齿轮自动支承于两中间轴的两个齿轮中间。在这种已有的传动装置中,常量1目前是通过动力输出传动被切换对中到驱动轴,也就是径向固定,这样,该负载补偿不会因一侧的亦即仅仅在两中间轴中的一个上的转矩下降而受到影响。在这种情况下的缺点却是,仅仅在被接入的常量1的情况下,动力输出传动才是可能。
本发明的任务是提供一种双中间轴变速器,它能使用于动力输出传动的转矩下降成为可能,而不妨碍两中间轴之间的齿轮的负载补偿,这样,动力输出传动不再依赖于被换的挡,而且能省略掉常量的对中。
从上文详述的双中间轴变速器出发得到该任务的一种解决方案,它具有权利要求1的特征部分给出的特征;在从属权利要求中则给出具有优点的发展。
根据本发明则建议有,一所采用的辅助从动轴由一个自身的齿轮亦即辅助从动轮经主轴轮来驱动,其中,辅助从动轮与主轴轮间的径向力由一个板架来承受,该板架支承于辅助从动轴与主轴轮上。其中,重要的是,支承出现在主轴轮与板架之间,而不是主轴与板架之间。由此,即使另一个主轴齿轮被切换,主轴也能保持自由且一直能自动对中。
辅助从动轴上的切向力产生一个分量,该分力由在板架与辅助从动轴间的轴承来承受。由此,由于所出现的切向力,板架与辅助从动轮和辅助从动轴不再相对于主轴轮运动,该板架具有优点地由安装在箱体中的支架来支承。
辅助从动轴被支承在一个箱体上的轴承中,该轴承允许一定的摆动。这种摆动必须也在变速器箱体和轴与辅助从动轴连接的情况下由实际的辅助驱动来保证。这样辅助从动轴有一种类似万向接头轴的特性,它传递一个力矩,还拥有一定的活动空间。
辅助从动轴、辅助从动轮、板架和主轴轮构成一个单元,它通过辅助从动轴轴承和支架能相对自由地运动。这样,尽管对于辅助驱动的转矩下降,主轴还是可能自动保持在两根中间轴正中间。
按照本发明设计的双中间轴变速器则省去常量的对中,而且,动力输出传动因此不依赖于被切换的挡。
下面根据附图来讲述本发明,附图中显示一个本发明的具有优点的
实施例,附图中:
图1,按本发明的双中间轴变速器的一部分示意图。
图2,该部分的另一个透视图。
带负载补偿的双中间轴变速器包括其功能在内是为专业技术人员所熟知的,以下仅显示和叙述用于理解本发明所必要的主要部件。
在附图中,相同的部件标以相同的附图标记,其中:1为双中间轴变速器与PTO的连接,2为辅助从动轴,3为辅助从动轮,4为主轴轮,5为一个板架,6为一个支架,7为第一中间轴,8为第二中间轴,9为辅助从动轴轴承,10为一个位于板架5与辅助从动轴2之间的轴承,和11为一个板架5与主轴轮4之间的轴承。
配置在辅助从动轴2之上的附加的辅助从动轮3与在主轴之上的主轴轮4相啮合,并且由该主轴轮4来驱动。在辅助从动轴轮3与在主轴轮4之间有一块板架5,其一端支承在辅助从动轴2上而另一端则支承在主轴轮上。该板架5仅承受辅助从动轮与主轴轮间的径向力,这是因为支承位于主轴轮与板架之间而不是位于主轴与板架之间。主轴由此保持活动,而且,即使另一个主轴轮(图中没有示出)转动,该主轴也能一直对中。
板架5另外经一支架6与变速器箱体相连(参见图2),这样,因辅助从动轮上出现切向力,而在辅助从动轮上所形成的力分量则被板架与辅助从动轴之间的轴承所承受。由此,在该切向分力作用下,板架连同辅助从动轮和辅助从动轴一起,不再相对于主轴轮运动。
另外,辅助从动轴还被这样地支承在一个辅助从动轴轴承9中,以致于它能产生一种摆动,该摆动通过变速器箱体内的辅助从动轴与处于真正的辅助驱动状态的轴的连接来保证。由此,辅助从动轴具有一种类似万向接头轴的特征,它传递一个力矩,此外还拥有活动空间。
如以上所述,辅助从动轴2,板架5和主轴轮4构成一个单元,它能通过所选择的辅助从动轴轴承和支架相对自由地运动。这样,尽管辅助驱动产生一个转矩下降,主轴轮仍能在两根中间轴7,8中间对中。
附图标记表
1功率传递输出端(PTO)的连接
2辅助从动轴
3辅助从动轮
4主轴轮
5板架
6支架
7中间轴
8中间轴
9辅助从动轴承
10位于板架与辅助从动轴之间的轴承
11位于板架与主轴轮间的轴承

Claims (3)

1.用于汽车的具有负载补偿功能的双中间轴变速器,它包括:一根轴向和径向支承的驱动轴;一根与该驱动轴同轴支承的主轴,该主轴通过一根辅助从动轴与一根输出轴连接用于动力输出传动;和两根中间轴,其中在该两根中间轴之间配置有一个齿轮,上述齿轮当加上一个负载时自动位于两中间轴之上的附属齿轮中间,其特征是,在辅助从动轴(2)上配置有一个附加的辅助从动齿轮(3),它与主轴上的一个主轴轮(4)相啮合且由该主轴轮所驱动,而且,在辅助从动轮(3)与主轴轮(4)之间有一个板架(5),该板架的一端被支承于辅助从动轴(2)上而另一端则支承于主轴轮(4)上。
2.按权利要求1所述的双中间轴变速器,其特征是,板架(5)另外经一个支架(6)与变速器箱体相连。
3.按权利要求1和2所述的双中间轴变速器,其特征是,辅助从动轴被这样支承在变速器箱体体中的一辅助从动轴轴承中,即,使得它能进行一种摆动运动。
CN00807310A 1999-05-12 2000-05-08 双中间轴变速器 Expired - Fee Related CN1103885C (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE19922116A DE19922116A1 (de) 1999-05-12 1999-05-12 Zweivorgelegewellengetriebe
DE19922116.2 1999-05-12

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CN1103885C true CN1103885C (zh) 2003-03-26

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US (1) US6575056B1 (zh)
EP (1) EP1177391B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2002544457A (zh)
CN (1) CN1103885C (zh)
BR (1) BR0010446A (zh)
DE (2) DE19922116A1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2000070239A1 (zh)

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DE10241743A1 (de) 2002-09-10 2004-03-18 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Getriebe für ein Fahrzeug
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DE102006024370A1 (de) * 2006-05-24 2007-12-13 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Mehrgruppengetriebe und Verfahren zum Gangwechsel bei einem Mehrgruppengetriebe
DE102007018928A1 (de) * 2007-04-21 2008-10-23 Schaeffler Kg Kompensationsvorrichtung
US7717193B2 (en) * 2007-10-23 2010-05-18 Nabors Canada AC powered service rig
US9234567B2 (en) * 2011-08-19 2016-01-12 Jianwen Li Gear change transmission having axially adjusting countershafts

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WO2000070239A1 (de) 2000-11-23
EP1177391B1 (de) 2002-07-24
BR0010446A (pt) 2002-02-13
DE50000317D1 (de) 2002-08-29
CN1350622A (zh) 2002-05-22
US6575056B1 (en) 2003-06-10
DE19922116A1 (de) 2000-11-16
EP1177391A1 (de) 2002-02-06
JP2002544457A (ja) 2002-12-24

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