CN110387522A - 一种用于煤矿立柱缸筒防腐的qpq盐浴复合热处理工艺 - Google Patents
一种用于煤矿立柱缸筒防腐的qpq盐浴复合热处理工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/34—Methods of heating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/40—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
- C23C8/52—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions more than one element being applied in one step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/40—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
- C23C8/52—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions more than one element being applied in one step
- C23C8/54—Carbo-nitriding
- C23C8/56—Carbo-nitriding of ferrous surfaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/80—After-treatment
Abstract
本发明属于煤矿支架立柱领域,公开了一种用于煤矿立柱缸筒防腐的QPQ盐浴复合热处理工艺,工艺过程为:1)缸筒除油;预热;氮化,采用硫氮碳共渗或氮碳共渗;氧化;第一沸水槽煮去氧化残盐自来水冲洗;第二沸水槽漂洗、烫干;热油浸渍;硫氮碳共渗或氮碳共渗时与回火相结合,并在共渗前对基体进行强韧化处理;氮化前将缸体经高温固溶微细化强化处理,氮化后对缸体进行复相等温淬火二次强韧化。经本发明所述工艺处理后的立柱缸筒内表面,不但硬度有所增加,同时表面形成的氧化层具有很强的抗腐蚀性能,可使缸筒的使用寿命成倍提高。且该工艺既可用于新加工缸筒也可用于旧缸筒的防腐处理。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于煤矿支架立柱领域,具体涉及一种用于煤矿立柱缸筒防腐的QPQ盐浴复合热处理工艺。
背景技术
目前煤矿立柱缸筒内密封面大多经冷滚压或刮滚加工未经任何防腐处理直接使用,这就造成短则半年、长不过三年,密封面就会出现锈蚀、点蚀的缺陷造成缸筒报废。为了提高缸筒的使用寿命,对缸筒进行QPQ盐浴复合热处理。
QPQ”是英文“Quench—Polish—Quench”的字头缩写。原意为淬火—抛光—淬火,在国内把它称作QPQ盐浴复合处理技术,其中“盐浴复合”的含义是指在氮化盐浴和氧化盐浴两种盐浴中处理工件。QPQ盐浴复合热处理技术既可以使工件几乎不变形,同时又可以大幅度提高金属表面的耐磨性、抗蚀性,是一种新的金属表面强化改性技术。这种技术实现了渗氮工序和氧化工序的复合,氮化物和氧化物的复合,耐磨性和抗蚀性复合,热处理技术和防腐技术的复合。
常用材料QPQ处理工艺参数及渗层性能:
材料种类 | 代表牌号 | 前处理 | 氮化温度 | 氮化时间 | 表面硬度 | 化合物层深 |
低碳钢 | A3,10#,20# | — | 575℃ | 0.5-4h | Hv500-700 | 15-20μ |
中碳钢 | 45#,40Cr | 不处理或调质 | 565℃ | 2-4h | Hv 600-750 | 12-20μ |
氮化钢 | 38CrMoAl | 调质 | 570℃ | 3-5h | Hv 950-1000 | 9-15μ |
铸模钢 | 3Cr2W8V | 淬火 | 570℃ | 2-3h | Hv 950-1050 | 6-10μ |
挤模钢 | H13 | 淬火 | 570℃ | 3-5h | Hv 950-1100 | 6-10μ |
热模钢 | 5CrMnMo | 淬火 | 570℃ | 2-3h | Hv 750-900 | 9-15μ |
冷模钢 | Cr12MoV | 高温淬火 | 520℃ | 2-3h | Hv 950-1100 | 6-15μ |
高速钢 | W6Mo5Cr4V2 | 淬火 | 550℃ | 15-45m | Hv 1000-1200 | - |
不锈钢 | 1Cr13,4Cr13 | — | 570℃ | 2-3h | Hv 900-1000 | 6-10μ |
不锈钢 | 1Cr18Ni9Ti | — | 570℃ | 2-3h | Hv 950-1100 | 6-10μ |
气门钢 | 5Cr21Mn9Ni4N | 固溶 | 570℃ | 2-3h | Hv 900-1100 | 3-8μ |
灰铸铁 | HT20-40 | — | 570℃ | 2-3h | Hv 500-700 | 总深度100μ |
球墨铁 | QT60-20 | — | 570℃ | 2-3h | Hv 600-800 | 总深度100μ |
QPQ盐浴复合处理是一种先进的金属表面强化改性技术。将工件在两种不同性质的熔融盐液中先后进行处理,使多种元素同时渗入金属表面,形成由几种化合物组成的复合渗层,使金属表面得到强化改性,耐磨性、抗蚀性和耐疲劳性同时得到大幅度提高。QPQ盐浴复合热处理技术实现了渗氮工序和氧化工序的复合,氮化物和氧化物的复合,耐磨性和抗蚀性复合,热处理技术和防腐技术的复合。QPQ盐浴复合热处理技术具有无公害、几乎不变形等优点,经QPQ处理后,中碳钢的耐磨性可以达到常规淬火的30倍,低碳钢渗碳淬火的14倍,离子渗氮的2.8倍,镀硬铬的2.1倍。中碳钢的抗蚀性比镀硬铬高20倍以上,远远高于镀镍,达到铜镍铬三层复合镀的水平,甚至比某些不锈钢的抗蚀性还高。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了提高缸筒的使用寿命,进而提供了一种用于煤矿立柱缸筒防腐的QPQ盐浴复合热处理工艺。
本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种用于煤矿立柱缸筒防腐的QPQ盐浴复合热处理工艺,其特征在于,工艺过程如下:
1)缸筒除油;
2)预热;
3)氮化,采用硫氮碳共渗或氮碳共渗;
4)氧化;
5)第一沸水槽煮去氧化残盐自来水冲洗;
6)第二沸水槽漂洗、烫干;
7)热油浸渍。
氮化时间为10—180分钟,氮化温度为570±10℃。
硫氮碳共渗或氮碳共渗时与回火相结合,并在共渗前对基体进行强韧化处理。
氮化前将缸体经高温固溶微细化强化处理,氮化后对缸体进行复相等温淬火二次强韧化。
预热适用于形状复杂的缸体,预热温度为50±50℃。
热油浸渍时间不少于15分钟,温度为160±40℃。
经本发明所述工艺处理后的缸筒表面具有耐磨、减摩、抗擦伤、抗咬死、抗疲劳、耐蚀和自润滑性功能。能处理因粘着磨损、非重载疲劳断裂、除酸以外的各种介质中腐蚀失效的各种零件、刀具和模具,技术覆盖面为100%牌号的需经热处理的钢铁牌号。具体具有如下有益效果:
1、能使被处理工件获得减摩、抗擦伤、抗咬死、耐磨、抗疲劳和一定的耐蚀性(仅不锈钢件的耐蚀略有降低)。可处理95%左右牌号的钢铁材质的工件,显著提高其使用寿命。该工艺应用面很广,经济效益大;2、通过定量添加再生盐可稳定熔盐成份,从而保证了处理质量的稳定性(重现性);3、熔盐中氰根含量低于0.8%。通常低于0.5%。经环保部门测定,实现了无污染作业;4、处理温度低于580℃,工件的尺寸变化小;5、设备简单,操作方便,易于推广。即便于采用简单设备,以周期作业方式投产;也便于建立微机控制的自动化生产线;6、节能、处理成本低(基盐在不超温情况下可无限期使用)。
具体实施方式
本发明是在传统QPQ盐浴复合热处理工艺基础上进行优化改进,传统QPQ盐浴复合热处理工艺是在硫氮碳共渗或氮碳共渗之后直接氧化,而本发明是将硫氮碳共渗或氮碳共渗与回火相结合,必要时于共渗前对基体进行强韧化处理;或者将缸筒基体经高温固溶微细化强化处理->硫氮碳共渗或氮碳共渗与预热相结合->复相等温淬火二次强韧化。
1)缸筒除油;
2)预热;
3)氮化,采用硫氮碳共渗或氮碳共渗,氮化温度为570±10℃,时间为10—180分钟;
4)氧化;
5)第一沸水槽煮去氧化残盐自来水冲洗;
6)第二沸水槽漂洗、烫干;
7)热油浸渍,热油浸渍时间不少于15分钟,温度为160±40℃。
其中,形状复杂的少数工件可在350±50℃预热,绝大多数工件不必预热。
该处理工艺需要的设备如下:
1) 外热式坩埚盐浴炉;
(2) 清洗水槽(可加热至100℃)2个;
(3) 油槽(可利用车间原有的回火用油炉);
(4) 通气泵(或氧气瓶)、及不锈钢通气管;
(5) 80目以上的捞渣勺。
经QPQ处理后的立柱缸筒内表面,不但硬度有所增加,同时表面形成的氧化层具有很强的抗腐蚀性能,可使缸筒的使用寿命成倍提高。且该工艺既可用于新加工缸筒也可用于旧缸筒的防腐处理。
Claims (6)
1.一种用于煤矿立柱缸筒防腐的QPQ盐浴复合热处理工艺,其特征在于,工艺过程如下:
1)缸筒除油;
2)预热;
3)氮化,采用硫氮碳共渗或氮碳共渗;
4)氧化;
5)第一沸水槽煮去氧化残盐自来水冲洗;
6)第二沸水槽漂洗、烫干;
7)热油浸渍。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于煤矿立柱缸筒防腐的QPQ盐浴复合热处理工艺,其特征在于,氮化时间为10—180分钟,氮化温度为570±10℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于煤矿立柱缸筒防腐的QPQ盐浴复合热处理工艺,其特征在于,硫氮碳共渗或氮碳共渗时与回火相结合,并在共渗前对基体进行强韧化处理。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于煤矿立柱缸筒防腐的QPQ盐浴复合热处理工艺,其特征在于,氮化前将缸体经高温固溶微细化强化处理,氮化后对缸体进行复相等温淬火二次强韧化。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用于煤矿立柱缸筒防腐的QPQ盐浴复合热处理工艺,其特征在于,预热适用于形状复杂的缸体,预热温度为50±50℃。
6.根据权利要求1所述的用于煤矿立柱缸筒防腐的QPQ盐浴复合热处理工艺,其特征在于,热油浸渍时间不少于15分钟,温度为160±40℃。
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