CN110376642B - Three-dimensional seismic velocity inversion method based on conical surface waves - Google Patents
Three-dimensional seismic velocity inversion method based on conical surface waves Download PDFInfo
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/282—Application of seismic models, synthetic seismograms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/288—Event detection in seismic signals, e.g. microseismics
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/30—Analysis
Abstract
The application discloses a three-dimensional seismic velocity inversion method based on conical surface waves. According to the method, firstly, a reference seismic source point and ray parameters are used for controlling and generating the conical surface wave, then three-dimensional seismic data are encoded by using a conical surface wave function to obtain a synthetic conical surface wave super shot record, two ray parameters are needed for conventional three-dimensional plane wave encoding, only one ray parameter p is needed for the conventional three-dimensional plane wave encoding, the plane encoding is changed into conical surface encoding, different reference points can be selected for the same ray parameter, so that single ray parameter inversion can be achieved, crosstalk noise can be suppressed, the purpose of inverting velocity fields of different scales is achieved, multi-scale inversion is completed by adjusting the angle of p and smoothing, therefore, the inversion of a three-dimensional seismic velocity field is completed under the condition that low-frequency seismic data do not exist, the precision of a seismic waveform inversion background velocity field is improved, and the final velocity field of inversion is more accurate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a three-dimensional seismic velocity inversion method based on conical surface waves, and belongs to the field of oil-gas geophysical prospecting engineering.
Background
In the current exploration field, inversion of a three-dimensional seismic velocity field has important significance for migration imaging and interpretation of seismic data, and full waveform inversion can fully utilize information of amplitude, phase, travel time, waveform and the like contained in the seismic data to finely depict parameters of an underground model. However, the waveform inversion calculation amount of the full-waveform inversion seismic velocity field is huge, the inversion stability is high, low-frequency information is needed in seismic data, and the like, and due to the influence of various factors such as acquisition cost, bad tracks, noise, topography and the like, the seismic data containing low frequency is difficult to obtain by extracting actually acquired data, so that certain trouble is caused to the velocity inversion of the seismic data.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop a fast seismic velocity inversion method suitable for three-dimensional seismic data without low frequencies.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a three-dimensional seismic velocity inversion method based on conical surface wave coding, which can solve the problems in the prior art and improve the precision and the calculation efficiency of a seismic data inversion velocity field for three-dimensional seismic data with low-frequency data missing.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a three-dimensional seismic velocity inversion method based on conical surface waves is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, acquiring observation data, an initial velocity field and a seismic source wavelet;
s2, acquiring a plurality of ray parameters and a plurality of reference points, performing iteration processing by using the following steps until the number of times of selecting the reference points during the iteration of each ray parameter meets the preset requirement, and outputting a target speed field:
s201, determining an iteration sequence of a plurality of ray parameters;
s203, for any determined ray parameter, iterating preset times to generate a background velocity field corresponding to the determined ray parameter based on the iteration sequence of the ray parameter, wherein the background velocity field is used for an initial velocity field for iteration of the next ray parameter;
s205, when the last ray parameter iteration is finished, outputting a target speed field;
in S203, for any determined ray parameter, the background velocity field corresponding to the determined ray parameter is obtained as follows:
s2031, constructing a conical surface wave based on the ray parameters and the reference points in the iteration, and coding the observation data by using the conical surface wave to obtain a synthetic conical surface wave super-cannon; wherein, the generating function of the conical surface wave is as follows:
wherein, Deltat represents time delay amount, (x0, y0) represents a randomly selected reference point in the seismic data observation system, x0 and y0 represent the position of an x axis (main lateral line direction) and a y axis (tie lateral line direction) on a three-dimensional space respectively, p is a ray parameter, the larger the value of the ray parameter, the larger the included angle between the conical surface and the ground, the kth cannon (x0, y0) isk,yk) The shot point position of the cannon needing encoding and the composite conical surface wave super cannon are as follows:
wherein: k represents the total number of shots contained in a synthetic cone wave super shot, Dk(t) is the shot record value at the kth shot time t when
When the concentration of the carbon dioxide is less than 0,
the value is 0;
s2032, coding the seismic source wavelet by using the conical surface wave, and performing three-dimensional finite difference forward modeling based on the current background velocity field to obtain a forward-modeling conical surface wave super shot;
s2033, utilizing the forward cone wave super-cannon and the synthetic cone wave super-cannon to make difference back transmission, and determining inversion gradient through cross-correlation;
s2034, calculating the optimal step length by utilizing parabolic interpolation according to the inversion gradient, and iterating the current background velocity field;
s2035, randomly selecting another reference point, repeating S2031 to S2034 until the repetition frequency under the same ray parameter reaches the preset frequency, and generating a background speed field corresponding to the determined ray parameter.
According to the method, firstly, a reference seismic source point and ray parameters are used for controlling and generating the conical surface wave, then three-dimensional seismic data are encoded by using a conical surface wave function to obtain a synthetic conical surface wave super shot record, two ray parameters are needed for conventional three-dimensional plane wave encoding, only one ray parameter p is needed for the conventional three-dimensional plane wave encoding, the plane encoding is changed into conical surface encoding, different reference points can be selected for the same ray parameter, so that single ray parameter inversion can be achieved, crosstalk noise can be suppressed, the purpose of inverting velocity fields of different scales is achieved, multi-scale inversion is completed by adjusting the angle of p and smoothing, therefore, the inversion of a three-dimensional seismic velocity field is completed under the condition that low-frequency seismic data do not exist, the precision of a seismic waveform inversion background velocity field is improved, and the final velocity field of inversion is more accurate.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a method for three-dimensional seismic velocity inversion based on a conical surface wave according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a generating function of a conical surface wave provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of three-dimensional seismic data with a single seismic source provided by an embodiment of the present description;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a synthetic cone wave super-cannon provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an initial velocity field of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a forward cone wave super-gun of the present invention based on forward evolution in an initial velocity field;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the present invention derived from differencing a forward cone wave superback with a synthetic cone wave superback;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a target velocity field provided by embodiments of the present description;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of inversion results obtained from further inversions based on a target velocity field according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of velocity field obtained by a multi-source full waveform inversion method (conventional) using FIG. 5;
FIG. 11 is a schematic of a standard dimple model velocity field for test comparison.
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for inverting a three-dimensional seismic velocity based on a conical surface wave according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, including the following steps:
and S1, acquiring observation data, an initial velocity field and a source wavelet.
In practice, the observed data is three-dimensional seismic data, as shown in fig. 3, and fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of three-dimensional seismic data with a single seismic source provided by the embodiment of the present specification. The initial velocity field is given by a gradient model, the application utilizes a three-dimensional hollow model fig. 11 as the effectiveness of the test method, and the initial velocity field is given as shown in fig. 5; the source wavelet is a Rake wavelet commonly used in seismic exploration, the dominant frequency of the Rake wavelet selected in the method is 15hz, and the amplitude of the Rake wavelet is 1.0. The invention can be suitable for inversion under the condition that the seismic data lack low frequency, therefore, the invention adopts the wiener filtering and carries out the wiener filtering by taking the Rake wavelet with 10hz dominant frequency as the target wavelet to obtain the seismic data.
S2, acquiring a plurality of ray parameters and a plurality of reference points, and performing iterative processing by using the following steps:
s201, determining an iteration sequence of a plurality of ray parameters.
The ray parameters may be given in advance, and the conical surface wave is constructed based on the ray parameters and the reference points, and it should be noted that the preset ray parameters are a set of multiple parameters with different sizes. Initially, the largest ray parameter will be selected, and as the iteration proceeds, the ray parameters decrease in magnitude in turn.
And S203, for any determined ray parameter, iterating for a preset number of times to generate a background velocity field corresponding to the determined ray parameter based on the iteration sequence of the ray parameter, wherein the background velocity field is used for an initial velocity field for iteration of the next ray parameter.
For any determined ray parameter, the background velocity field corresponding to the determined ray parameter is iteratively generated based on the steps provided in S2031 to S2035:
s2031, constructing a conical surface wave based on the ray parameters and the reference points in the iteration, and coding the observation data by using the conical surface wave to obtain the synthetic conical surface wave super-cannon.
This iteration refers to the process of S2031 to S2035. Ray parameters remain unchanged during the same iteration.
In the calculation example of the invention, 10 to 5 are selected, a reference point can be randomly selected in seismic data observation, and the three-dimensional observation data is encoded by using the conical surface wave to obtain the synthetic conical surface wave super cannon, because the conical surface wave is a three-dimensional body, the method of the invention is suitable for the three-dimensional seismic data body, and fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a generating function of the conical surface wave provided by the embodiment of the specification:
wherein, Deltat represents time delay amount, (x0, y0) represents a randomly selected reference point in the seismic data observation system, x0 and y0 represent the position of an x axis (main lateral line direction) and a y axis (tie lateral line direction) on a three-dimensional space respectively, p is a ray parameter, the larger the value of the ray parameter, the larger the included angle between the conical surface and the ground, the kth cannon (x0, y0) isk,yk) The location of the shot of the gun to be coded is required. The resulting synthetic cone super-cannon can be expressed as:
wherein: k represents the total number of shots contained in a cone super shot, Dk(t) is the shot record value at the kth shot time t when
When the concentration of the carbon dioxide is less than 0,
the value is 0. The computational effort is greatly reduced because it combines many shot seismic data into one super shot. Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a synthetic cone wave super-cannon provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. As can be seen from fig. 4, in both the inline and crossline approach directions, most of the code is in the form of a surface wave rather than a plane wave.
S2032, the source wavelet is coded by using the conical surface wave, and forward cone wave super shot is obtained by performing three-dimensional finite difference forward modeling based on the current background velocity field.
At the initial iteration, the current background velocity field is the initial velocity field. As the iteration progresses, the current background velocity field is based on the background velocity field obtained in the previous iteration.
The method comprises the following steps of (1) coding a seismic source wavelet by utilizing a conical surface wave function consensus, wherein the conical surface wave codes the seismic source wavelet as follows:
s (t) loading a seismic source matrix for the conical surface wave at the t time, k (x)k,yk,zk) Indicates that the kth gun is loaded at (x)k,yk) Z at the planekDepth. When in use
When the concentration of the carbon dioxide is less than 0,
the value is 0. The wavelet of the present invention is consistent with the target wavelet of S1 wiener filtering, and a 10hz Rake wavelet is adopted for coding.
Loading the well-coded seismic source wavelet in an initial velocity field for forward modeling to obtain a forward-modeling conical surface wave super-cannon U obtained based on forward modeling of the initial velocity fieldcal(x0, y0, t; p) as shown in FIG. 6. In order to show that the codes under different iteration times are different, the invention selects the display under the same iteration times in order to compare the difference between the two in FIGS. 6 and 4, and the difference between the two is shown in FIG. 7
S2033, utilizing the forward cone wave super-cannon and the synthetic cone wave super-cannon to make difference back transmission, and determining inversion gradient through cross-correlation.
The process of inverting the velocity field is to minimize an objective function by continuous iteration, where the objective function is the two-norm of the difference (as shown in fig. 7) between the forward cone wave super-gun and the synthetic cone wave super-gun, and is expressed as:
wherein x isDS(v) Representing the two-norm data residual for the velocity field v. Determining gradient by using a steepest descent method or a conjugate gradient method according to data residual error, updating the gradient by using the steepest descent method, iterating a velocity field model based on the gradient, and specifically, reversely transmitting the data residual error to obtain a k-th updated gradient value gkThe gradient update formula is as follows:
wherein v iskThe inversion velocity field for the kth iteration is represented, δ being the derivative operator, the dominant frequency of the Rake wavelet used for the kth iteration of S4. Because the super shot inversion method adopted by the method of the invention has greatly improved calculation efficiency compared with the common single-seismic-source inversion method, pkThe ray parameters selected for the kth iteration.
And S2034, calculating the optimal step size by utilizing parabolic interpolation, and iterating the current background speed field.
User's throwingThe method such as the object fitting method or the linear search method can calculate the step length to minimize the error in S4 corresponding to the inversion velocity field of the kth iteration, and the updating step length alpha of the kth iteration is calculated by utilizing the parabolic interpolation methodkThen, the velocity field is updated with the gradient in S4:
vk＝vk-1-αkgk (6)
wherein v iskRepresenting the inversion velocity field of the kth iteration, gkFor the gradient field, v, determined in S4k-1For the inversion velocity field of the k-1 th iteration, v is the first iteration k is 1k-1Is the initial velocity field.
S2035, another reference point is randomly selected, and S2031 to S2034 are repeated until the repetition times under the same ray parameter reach the preset times.
And for the selected ray parameter p, performing iterative inversion on the background velocity field, and reselecting a reference point (x0, y0) for each iteration, so that the super-cannon formed by the conical surface waves used for each iteration generates difference, and the purpose of suppressing crosstalk noise can be achieved. For example, a ray parameter is iteratively selected 10 times.
In S2031 to S2035, it is described that the same determined ray parameter is iterated to obtain the background velocity field corresponding to the ray parameter.
And S205, outputting a target speed field when the last ray parameter iteration is finished.
As mentioned above, based on the sequence of the plurality of ray parameters, another ray parameter is determined at this time, S2031 to S2035 are repeated until the repetition number of the selected reference point under the ray parameter satisfies the preset number, and when the last ray parameter is iterated, the target speed field is output.
In an embodiment, a background velocity field obtained by a previous ray parameter may be smoothed to obtain a smoothed velocity field, and generally, the larger the p is selected, the more the smoothing is; and smoothing the obtained speed field, changing the ray parameter p, and repeating the processes from S2031 to S2035 again until the required speed field is obtained, as shown in fig. 8, wherein fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the target speed field provided by the embodiment of the present specification.
The data adopted by the invention is three-dimensional seismic data with 10hz main frequency obtained by wiener filtering, and the method is also suitable for data lacking low frequency (seismic data without frequency of 5hz or below). The inversion of the seismic data to the background velocity field can adopt low-frequency components or low-wave number components in the seismic data for inversion, when the low-frequency data are missing, the inversion can be carried out by utilizing the low-wave number components, the low-wave number is related to the incident angle of a seismic wave field, when the included angle between the incident angle and the horizontal plane is larger, the low-wave number effect is more obvious, but the low-wave number separation needs additional calculation.
For the target velocity field obtained in S205, iteration may be performed by conventional or multi-source full-waveform inversion according to the target velocity field, so as to obtain an inversion result. According to the method, filtering inversion can be carried out from 10hz to 15hz by adopting wiener filtering, full waveform inversion is completed for iteration, the inversion result obtained by further inverting the target velocity field obtained by the method is shown in FIG. 9, and the depression structure can be better inverted. If the initial velocity field diagram 5 is selected, a velocity field such as the velocity field diagram 10 is obtained by a multi-source full-waveform inversion method (in a conventional mode) of encoding from 10hz to 15hz by using wiener filtering, and the inaccuracy of the velocity field diagram on the dip inversion can be seen. Compared with the standard FIG. 11, the invention is more accurate for inversion of the velocity field in the depressed area.
Claims (3)
1. A three-dimensional seismic velocity inversion method based on conical surface waves is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, acquiring observation data, an initial velocity field and a seismic source wavelet;
s2, acquiring a plurality of ray parameters and a plurality of reference points, and performing iteration processing by using the following steps until the number of times of selecting the reference points during the iteration of each ray parameter meets the preset requirement, and outputting a target speed field:
s201, determining an iteration sequence of a plurality of ray parameters;
s203, for any determined ray parameter, iterating preset times to generate a background velocity field corresponding to the determined ray parameter based on the iteration sequence of the ray parameter, wherein the background velocity field is used for an initial velocity field for iteration of the next ray parameter;
s205, when the last ray parameter iteration is finished, outputting a target speed field;
in S203, for any determined ray parameter, the background velocity field corresponding to the determined ray parameter is obtained as follows:
s2031, constructing a conical surface wave based on the ray parameters and the reference points in the iteration, and coding the observation data by using the conical surface wave to obtain a synthetic conical surface wave super-cannon; wherein, the generating function of the conical surface wave is as follows:
wherein Δ t represents a time delay amount, (x0, y0) represents a randomly selected reference point within the seismic data observation system, x0 represents an x-axis position on a three-dimensional space, y0 represents a position on the three-dimensional space relative to a y-axis, p is a ray parameter, the larger the value of the ray parameter is, the larger the included angle between the cone and the ground is, (x0, y0) represents a randomly selected reference point within the seismic data observation system, the larger the value ofk,yk) The shot point position of the shot needing to be coded by the kth shot is represented, and the composite cone wave super shot is as follows:
wherein: k represents the total number of shots contained in a synthetic cone wave super shot, Dk(t) As the shot record value at the kth shot t time
When the concentration of the carbon dioxide is less than 0,
the value is 0;
s2032, coding the seismic source wavelet by using the conical surface wave, and performing three-dimensional finite difference forward modeling based on the current background velocity field to obtain a forward-modeling conical surface wave super shot;
s2033, utilizing the forward cone wave super-cannon and the synthetic cone wave super-cannon to make difference back transmission, and determining inversion gradient through cross-correlation;
s2034, calculating the optimal step length by utilizing parabolic interpolation according to the inversion gradient, and iterating the current background velocity field;
s2035, randomly selecting another reference point, repeating S2031 to S2034 until the repetition frequency under the same ray parameter reaches the preset frequency, and generating a background speed field corresponding to the determined ray parameter.
2. The method for inverting the three-dimensional seismic velocity based on the conical surface wave of claim 1, wherein in the step S2032, the source wavelet is encoded by using the conical surface wave in the following specific manner:
s (t) loading a seismic source matrix for the conical surface wave at the t time, k (x)k,yk,zk) Indicates that the kth gun is loaded at (x)k,yk) Z at the planekDepth when
When the concentration of the carbon dioxide is less than 0,
with value of 0, the coded seismic sourceThe wavelet is loaded in a three-dimensional velocity field for forward simulation.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising, before using the background velocity field for an initial velocity field for a next ray parameter iteration:
and smoothing the background speed field corresponding to the determined ray parameters to generate a smoothed background speed field, wherein the larger the ray parameters are, the higher the smoothing degree is.
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