CN110376642A - A kind of 3-D seismics velocity inversion method based on conical wave - Google Patents
A kind of 3-D seismics velocity inversion method based on conical wave Download PDFInfo
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- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/288—Event detection in seismic signals, e.g. microseismics
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
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Abstract
This application discloses the 3-D seismics velocity inversion methods based on conical wave.The invention firstly uses reference focal points and ray parameter control to generate conical wave, and then 3D seismic data is encoded using conical surface wave function, obtain the super big gun record of synthesis conical wave, conventional three-dimensional plane wave coding needs two ray parameters, and context of methods only needs a ray parameter p, and plane coding is become into conical surface coding, different reference points can be chosen to the same ray parameter, injection line parametric inversion was both can achieve in this way, cross-talk noise can also be suppressed, to achieve the purpose that the velocity field of inverting different scale, Multi-scale inversion is completed by adjusting the angle and smoothing processing of p, to reach the inverting for completing 3-D seismics velocity field under the seismic data of not low frequency, to improve the precision of seismic waveform inversion background velocity field, to which the final speed field of inverting is more accurate.
Description
Technical field
The 3-D seismics velocity inversion method based on conical wave that the present invention relates to a kind of, belongs to oil gas physical prospecting engineering field.
Background technique
In current Exploration Domain, the inverting of 3-D seismics velocity field has the migration imaging of seismic data and explanation
There is important meaning, when full waveform inversion can make full use of amplitude, phase included in seismic data, walk, the letter such as waveform
Breath carries out meticulous depiction to subsurface model parameter.But full waveform inversion seismic velocity field wave shape Inversion Calculation amount is huge, inverting
The problems such as low-frequency information are needed in stability, seismic data, due to factors such as acquisition cost, bad track, noise, landform
Influence, actual acquisition to data often extract be difficult to obtain the seismic data containing low frequency, to the speed of seismic data
Inverting causes certain puzzlement.
Therefore, developing a kind of suitable for the quick earthquake velocity inversion method of 3D seismic data without low frequency is very
It is necessary.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of 3-D seismics velocity inversion methods based on conical wave coding, it can be with
It solves the problems of the prior art, to the 3D seismic data of low-frequency data missing, improves seismic data inversion velocity field
Precision and computational efficiency.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that: a kind of 3-D seismics based on conical wave
Velocity inversion method, which comprises the following steps:
S1 obtains observation data, initial velocity field and source wavelet；
S2 obtains multiple ray parameters and multiple reference points, is iterated processing using following steps, until each ray
The number that reference point is chosen when parameter iteration meets preset requirement, exports target velocity field:
S201 determines the iteration sequence of multiple ray parameters；
S203, the iteration sequence based on ray parameter, for the ray parameter of any determination, iteration preset times generate should
Background velocity field corresponding to determining ray parameter, wherein what the background velocity field was iterated for next ray parameter
Initial velocity field；
S205 exports target velocity field when the last one ray parameter iteration finishes；
Wherein, in the S203, any ray parameter having determined, back corresponding to the ray parameter of the determination
Scape velocity field is obtained by such as under type:
S2031, based on the ray parameter and reference point construction conical wave in current iteration, and with conical wave to observation data
Coding obtains the synthesis super big gun of conical wave；Wherein, the generating function of conical wave are as follows:
Wherein, △ t indicates that time delay, (x0, y0) indicate the ginseng randomly selected within seismic data observation system
Examination point, x0 and y0 respectively indicate x-axis (the main side line direction) position on three-dimensional space and the position of y-axis (contact side line direction), p
For ray parameter, the bigger expression conical surface of value and ground angle are bigger, kth big gun (xk,yk) shot position of big gun that needs to encode,
Synthesize the super big gun of conical wave are as follows:
Wherein: K indicates the total big gun number contained inside the super big gun of synthesis conical wave, DkIt (t) is the big gun of kth big gun t moment
Record value, whenWhen less than 0,Value is 0；
S2032 encodes source wavelet using conical wave, is carrying out Three dimensional finite difference just based on current background velocity field
It drills to obtain the super big gun of forward modeling conical wave；
S2033 makes the difference anti-pass using the super big gun of forward modeling conical wave and the synthesis super big gun of conical wave, and cross-correlation determines inverting ladder
Degree；
S2034 calculates optimum stepsize using Quadratic interpolation, to current background velocity field iteration according to inverting gradient；
S2035 randomly selects another reference point, repeats S2031 to S2034, until the repetition time under same ray parameter
Number reaches preset times, generates background velocity field corresponding to the ray parameter of the determination.
The invention firstly uses reference focal points and ray parameter control to generate conical wave, and then to 3D seismic data benefit
It is encoded with conical surface wave function, obtains the super big gun record of synthesis conical wave, conventional three-dimensional plane wave coding needs two rays
Parameter, and context of methods only needs a ray parameter p, and plane coding is become conical surface coding, penetrates to same
Line parameter can choose different reference points, both can achieve injection line parametric inversion in this way, and can also suppress cross-talk noise, from
And achieve the purpose that the velocity field of inverting different scale, Multi-scale inversion is completed by adjusting the angle and smoothing processing of p, thus
Reach the inverting that 3-D seismics velocity field is completed under the seismic data of not low frequency, to improve seismic waveform inversion background
The precision of velocity field, so that the final speed field of inverting is more accurate.
Detailed description of the invention
The drawings are intended to provide a further understanding of the invention, and constitutes part of specification, with following tool
Body embodiment is used to explain the present invention together, but is not construed as limiting the invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is a kind of process of the 3-D seismics velocity inversion method based on conical wave provided by this specification embodiment
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the generating function of conical wave provided by this specification embodiment；
Fig. 3 be provided by this specification embodiment it is a kind of be single focus 3D seismic data schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the synthesis super big gun of conical wave provided by this specification embodiment；
Fig. 5 is the initial velocity field schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is that the present invention is based on the schematic diagrames of the super big gun of forward modeling conical wave obtained in initial velocity field forward modeling；
Fig. 7 is that the super big gun of forward modeling conical wave of the present invention and the synthesis super big gun of conical wave make the difference obtained schematic diagram；
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of target velocity field provided by this specification embodiment；
Fig. 9 is that the present invention is based on the schematic diagrames that the obtained inversion result of further inverting is done in target velocity field；
Figure 10 is to do more focus full waveform inversion methods (usual manner) using Fig. 5 to obtain the schematic diagram of velocity field；
Figure 11 is the schematic diagram of the hollow modeling velocity space of the standard for test comparison.
The present invention is further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Specific embodiment
As shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 1 is a kind of 3-D seismics velocity inversions based on conical wave provided by this specification embodiment
The flow diagram of method, comprising the following steps:
S1 obtains observation data, initial velocity field and source wavelet.
In practice, observation data herein are 3D seismic data, as shown in figure 3, Fig. 3 is this specification embodiment institute
A kind of 3D seismic data schematic diagram for single focus of offer.What initial velocity field gave is gradient former, the application benefit
Use three-dimensional hollow illustraton of model 11 as the validity of test method, initial velocity field gives as shown in Figure 5；Source wavelet is chosen
Common Ricker wavelet in seismic prospecting, the Ricker wavelet dominant frequency selected herein are 15hz, amplitude 1.0.To seismic data, benefit
It being filtered with frequency-division filter or Wiener filtering, the present invention can be applicable in seismic data and lack inverting under conditions of low frequency,
Therefore the present invention uses Wiener filtering, carries out Wiener filtering by target wavelet of the Ricker wavelet of 10hz dominant frequency, obtains earthquake number
According to.
S2 obtains multiple ray parameters and multiple reference points, is iterated processing using following steps:
S201 determines the iteration sequence of multiple ray parameters.
Ray parameter can give in advance, construct conical wave based on ray parameter and reference point, it should be noted that default
Ray parameter be one group of multiple parameters of different sizes.Maximum ray parameter will initially be chosen, with iterative process into
Row, the size of ray parameter can be reduced successively.
S203, the iteration sequence based on ray parameter, for the ray parameter of any determination, iteration preset times generate should
Background velocity field corresponding to determining ray parameter, wherein what the background velocity field was iterated for next ray parameter
Initial velocity field.
For any ray parameter having determined, background velocity field corresponding to the ray parameter of the determination is based on
Step grey iterative generation provided by S2031 to S2035:
S2031, based on the ray parameter and reference point construction conical wave in current iteration, and with conical wave to observation data
Coding obtains the synthesis super big gun of conical wave.
Current iteration refers to the process of S2031 to S2035.In same iterative process, ray parameter is remained unchanged.
It is chosen from 10 to 5 in example of the present invention, reference point can be observed in seismic data and be randomly selected, and with conical wave pair
Three-dimensional observation data encoding obtains the synthesis super big gun of conical wave, and since conical wave is said three-dimensional body, the method for the present invention is applicable in
In 3-d seismic data set, Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the generating function of conical wave provided by this specification embodiment:
Wherein, △ t indicates that time delay, (x0, y0) indicate the ginseng randomly selected within seismic data observation system
Examination point, x0 and y0 respectively indicate x-axis (the main side line direction) position on three-dimensional space and the position of y-axis (contact side line direction), p
For ray parameter, the bigger expression conical surface of value and ground angle are bigger, kth big gun (xk,yk) shot position of big gun that needs to encode.
The super big gun of the synthesis conical surface then generated can indicate are as follows:
Wherein: K indicates the total big gun number contained inside the super big gun of a conical surface, DkIt (t) is the big gun record value of kth big gun t moment,
WhenWhen less than 0,Value is 0.Because it is by many big guns
Shake one super big gun of Data Synthesis, therefore computation amount.Fig. 4 is that the conical surface is synthesized provided by this specification embodiment
The schematic diagram of the super big gun of wave.From fig. 4, it can be seen that in main profile and contact side line method direction, it is most to be encoded to curved surface
Wave and be no longer plane wave form.
S2032 encodes source wavelet using conical wave, is carrying out Three dimensional finite difference just based on current background velocity field
It drills to obtain the super big gun of forward modeling conical wave.
In first iteration, current background velocity field is initial velocity field.As iteration carries out, current background velocity
Field is based on background velocity field obtained in preceding an iteration.
Source wavelet is encoded using conical surface wave function common recognition (1), conical wave encodes source wavelet specific as follows:
S (t) is that the conical wave of t moment loads focus matrix, k:(xk,yk,zk) indicate kth big gun loading on (xk,yk)
Z at planekDepth.WhenWhen less than 0,Value is 0.This
The wavelet of invention is consistent with the target wavelet of S1 Wiener filtering, is encoded using the Ricker wavelet of 10hz.
The source wavelet encoded loads on initial velocity field and carries out forward simulation, obtains obtaining based on initial velocity field forward modeling
The super big gun U of the forward modeling conical wave arrivedcal(x0,y0,t；P), as shown in Figure 6.The present invention is in order to show the volume under different the number of iterations
Code is different, therefore Fig. 6 and Fig. 4, in order to compare the difference of the two, has chosen the displaying under identical the number of iterations, and the two is done
It is poor as shown in Figure 7
S2033 makes the difference anti-pass using the super big gun of forward modeling conical wave and the synthesis super big gun of conical wave, and cross-correlation determines inverting ladder
Degree.
The process of inversion speed field is to minimize an objective function by continuous iteration, and goal function is i.e. just
It drills the super big gun of conical wave and synthesizes two norms that the super big gun of conical wave makes the difference (as shown in Figure 7), indicate are as follows:
Wherein, xDS(v) corresponding two norm of data residual error of velocity field v is indicated.Steepest descent method is utilized according to data residual error
Or conjugate gradient method determines that gradient, the present invention carry out gradient updating using steepest descent method, carries out velocity field mould based on gradient
Type iteration specifically carries out anti-pass to data residual error and obtains the update gradient value g of kth timek, gradient updating formula is as follows:
Wherein, vkIndicate the inversion speed field of kth time iteration, δ is derivation operator, is rake used in S4 kth time iteration
The dominant frequency of wavelet.Due to the super big gun inversion method that the method for the present invention uses, computational efficiency is big compared to common single source inversion
It is big to improve, pkThe ray parameter chosen for kth time iteration.
S2034 calculates optimum stepsize using Quadratic interpolation, to current background velocity field iteration.
The methods of application person's parabolic approximating method or linear search method can seek step-length, so that kth time iterative inversion
Error in the corresponding S4 of velocity field is minimum, seeks the update step-length α of kth time iteration using Quadratic interpolation method hereink, then
Utilize the gradient updating velocity field in S4:
vk=vk-1-αkgk (6)
Wherein, vkIndicate the inversion speed field of kth time iteration, gkFor the gradient fields sought in S4, vk-1For -1 iteration of kth
Inversion speed field, if it is first time iteration k=1, then vk-1For initial velocity field.
S2035 randomly selects another reference point, repeats S2031 to S2034, until the repetition time under same ray parameter
Number reaches preset times.
For selected ray parameter p, inverting is iterated to background velocity field, each iteration chooses reference point again
(x0, y0), so that the super big gun that conical wave used in each iteration is formed generates difference, can play compacting cross-talk noise
Purpose export velocity field corresponding to the ray parameter of current selected after meeting certain the number of iterations, as next iteration
Current background velocity field in the process.For example, a ray parameter iteration is chosen 10 times.
It is that the ray parameter of same determination is iterated to obtain the ray parameter described in the S2031 to S2035
Corresponding background velocity field.
S205 exports target velocity field when the last one ray parameter iteration finishes.
As previously mentioned, the sequence based on multiple ray parameters, will can determine whether another ray parameter at this time, repeats S2031 and arrive
S2035 meets preset times until the number of repetition of the selection reference point under the ray parameter, when the last one ray parameter changes
When generation finishes, target velocity field is exported.
In one embodiment, the obtained background velocity field of previous ray parameter can be carried out smoothly, obtaining smooth
Velocity field, general p choose bigger, then smooth more severe；The velocity field smoothly obtained then changes ray parameter p, is repeated
S2031 to S2035 process is until obtaining required velocity field, as shown in figure 8, Fig. 8 is provided by this specification embodiment
The schematic diagram of target velocity field.
The data that the present invention uses are the 3D seismic datas of the 10hz dominant frequency obtained by Wiener filtering, are lacking low frequency
Data (seismic data without 5hz and frequency below) it is equally applicable.Seismic data can adopt the inverting of background velocity field
With low-frequency component in seismic data or lower wave number ingredient inverting, it can use lower wave number ingredient when low-frequency data missing and carry out
Inverting, and lower wave number is related with the incident angle of seismic wave field, when incidence angle and horizontal sextant angle are bigger, then lower wave number effect is brighter
It is aobvious, but separate lower wave number and need additional calculating, incidence angle is associated by the present invention with ray parameter, when ray parameter value
When larger, incidence angle is larger, and lower wave number inverting effect is more obvious, and by adjusting ray parameter p, can be sequentially completed background velocity
Field is from large scale to the inverting of small scale, therefore the present invention can be completed in the data for lacking low frequency (without 5hz and frequency below
The seismic data of rate) velocity field inverting.
To the target velocity field for obtaining S205 and obtaining, conventional or more focus all-waves can be utilized according to the target velocity field
Shape inverting is iterated, and obtains inversion result.Case of the present invention can be filtered instead using Wiener filtering from 10hz to 15hz
It drills, completes full waveform inversion and be iterated, it is obtained anti-to do further inverting using the obtained target velocity field of the present invention
It is as shown in Figure 9 to drill result, it can be seen that be preferably finally inversed by hollow construction.If initial velocity field Fig. 5 is selected, using dimension
More focus full waveform inversion methods (usual manner) that nanofiltration wave is encoded from 10hz to 15hz obtain velocity field such as Figure 10, can
To see its velocity field inaccuracy to hollow inverting.It is compared with standard drawing 11, illustrates the present invention for the velocity field in hollow place
Inverting is more acurrate.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of 3-D seismics velocity inversion method based on conical wave, which comprises the following steps:
S1 obtains observation data, initial velocity field and source wavelet；
S2 obtains multiple ray parameters and multiple reference points, is iterated processing using following steps, until each ray parameter
When the number of selection reference point meets preset requirement when iteration, target velocity field is exported:
S201 determines the iteration sequence of multiple ray parameters；
S203, the iteration sequence based on ray parameter, for the ray parameter of any determination, iteration preset times generate the determination
Ray parameter corresponding to background velocity field, wherein the background velocity field for next ray parameter be iterated it is initial
Velocity field；
S205 exports target velocity field when the last one ray parameter iteration finishes；
Wherein, in the S203, for any ray parameter having determined, background corresponding to the ray parameter of the determination is fast
Degree field is obtained by such as under type:
S2031 based on the ray parameter and reference point construction conical wave in current iteration, and compiles observation data with conical wave
Code obtains the synthesis super big gun of conical wave；Wherein, the generating function of conical wave are as follows:
Wherein, △ t indicates that time delay, (x0, y0) indicate the reference point randomly selected within seismic data observation system,
X0 and y0 respectively indicates x-axis (the main side line direction) position on three-dimensional space and the position of y-axis (contact side line direction), and p is to penetrate
Line parameter, the bigger expression conical surface of value and ground angle are bigger, kth big gun (xk,yk) shot position of big gun that needs to encode, synthesis
The super big gun of conical wave are as follows:
Wherein: K indicates the total big gun number contained inside the super big gun of synthesis conical wave, Dk(t) it is recorded for the big gun of kth big gun t moment
Value, whenWhen less than 0,Value is 0；
S2032 encodes source wavelet using conical wave, carries out Three dimensional finite difference forward modeling based on current background velocity field and obtain
To the super big gun of forward modeling conical wave；
S2033 makes the difference anti-pass using the super big gun of forward modeling conical wave and the synthesis super big gun of conical wave, and cross-correlation determines inverting gradient；
S2034 calculates optimum stepsize using Quadratic interpolation, to current background velocity field iteration according to inverting gradient；
S2035 randomly selects another reference point, S2031 to S2034 is repeated, until the number of repetition under same ray parameter reaches
To preset times, background velocity field corresponding to the ray parameter of the determination is generated.
2. the 3-D seismics velocity inversion method according to claim 1 based on conical wave, which is characterized in that the step
S2032 encodes source wavelet using conical wave, and concrete mode is as follows:
S (t) is that the conical wave of t moment loads focus matrix, k:(xk,yk,zk) indicate kth big gun loading on (xk,yk) plane
The z at placekDepth.WhenWhen less than 0,Value is 0.Coding
Good source wavelet loads on 3D velocity field and carries out forward simulation.
3. the background velocity field is being used for the initial speed that next ray parameter is iterated by the method as described in claim 1
It spends before field, the method also includes:
Background velocity field corresponding to ray parameter to the determination carries out smoothly, generating smoothed out background velocity field, wherein
Ray parameter is bigger, and smoothness is higher.
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| CN113419281A (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2021-09-21 | 大庆油田有限责任公司 | Efficient speed field simulation method for retrieving large-scale offset speed samples based on quadtree |
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| SU1160342A1 (en) * | 1983-05-25 | 1985-06-07 | Aleksandr E Blyum | Method of exciting seismic waves |
| CN107229071A (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2017-10-03 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of subsurface structure inversion imaging method |
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