CN110375561A - 一种烟气或乏汽脱水去白空冷系统 - Google Patents
一种烟气或乏汽脱水去白空冷系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种烟气或乏汽脱水去白空冷系统，它包含空冷换热器；空冷换热器内设有两组隔离且封闭的通道，分别为烟气或乏汽通道和冷却空气通道；冷却空气通道的进口设有蒸发潜热强化换热的水喷雾喷嘴及水供给管路；烟气或乏汽通道内设有设有冷凝水收集通道；冷凝水收集通道的出口设在空冷换热器的底部；冷凝水收集通道上设有冷凝水挡板，将冷凝水从空冷换热器底部排出；空冷换热器的烟气或乏汽侧及空气侧的换热面均为通过挤压成型的方形平行流管或口琴管翅片；空冷换热器的烟气或乏汽侧进口和出口直接通过法兰或者通过变径接口与烟道连接；本发明换热效率高、结构紧凑、占地小，不仅初投资低，运行成本也非常低，同时可以实现系统的水平衡。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及环境防治技术领域，具体涉及一种烟气或乏汽脱水去白空冷系统。
背景技术
随着环境污染和能源紧张问题日益严峻，如何提高能源综合利用效率，有效降低有害气体的排放量，对环境保护工作起到积极推动，意义重大。
工业的发展和人类的现代化生活都离不开对能源的需求，特别是对电力与热能的需求。而我国的一次能源主要来源于煤炭，煤炭的燃烧必然会产生大量的污染物排放，其中包括烟尘以及二氧化硫、氮氧化物等化学物质。
燃煤的电力生产既需要燃烧大量的煤炭而产生各种污染物，但电力又是现代社会不可或缺的优质能源和清洁能源。为了减少分散的燃煤生产、生活方式对环境的污染，人们将会更多的使用电力，因此电力生产既是优质能源的提供者又是污染物的治理者。
为了减少二氧化硫的排放，湿法脱硫由于其脱硫效果等因素已成为主要实施的脱硫工艺。但是湿法脱硫后会排放的大量含水烟气。
针对湿法脱硫后的烟气带水国内也在研究治理的措施，目前一般认为将湿法脱硫排放的50℃烟气加温到80℃就可以看不到带水的烟气排放，认为解决了视觉污染。但是烟气所带的水以及其中所含的污染物依然是排放到了空中，最终还是要落下来，尤其是漂浮在低空形成雾霾对环境造成污染。我国是大陆形且国土广阔，由于近年来的气候变化，在不利的气象与地理条件下污染物很难扩散，而是相互影响。大量的脱硫后含水烟气在区域内众多的排放企业的排放量叠加将是巨大的。
采用湿法脱硫系统，其排烟烟气为饱和湿烟气，脱硫塔出口烟气温度为 48℃至58℃左右，水蒸气在烟气中所占的比例为11％至18％左右。一台采用湿法脱硫系统的660MW的火力发电机组，在THA工况下，脱硫塔后净烟气(饱和湿烟气)烟气量为230.0万Nm3/h，烟气中携带的水份为275吨/h--330吨 /h左右，即使按35mg/m3硫化物的超低排放标准，硫化物的排放量达到 100-120kg/h。
湿法脱硫后的饱和湿烟气中的水分是气态水蒸气成极细小的水雾状态，可以随烟气排放到空中。
影响脱硫塔出口烟气温度的因素主要是脱硫塔入口烟气温度及脱硫工艺补水温度，由于受露点腐蚀及烟气余热回收技术的限制，目前脱硫塔入口烟气温度一般都在110℃-130℃左右，湿法脱硫后烟气温度约为48℃至55℃左右。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的缺陷和不足，提供一种结构简单、设计合理、使用方便的烟气或乏汽脱水去白空冷系统，直接对脱硫后的烟气进行降温凝水，实现采暖季(11月至次年3月)排烟温度≤45℃，非采暖季(4 月至10月)排烟温度≤48℃，大幅减少排到大气中的污染物。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：它包含空冷换热器；空冷换热器内设有两组隔离且封闭的通道，分别为烟气或乏汽通道和冷却空气通道；两组通道通过壁面导热或者微热管阵列导热进行间接换热；冷却空气通道的进口设有蒸发潜热强化换热的水喷雾喷嘴及水供给管路；烟气或乏汽通道内设有设有冷凝水收集通道；冷凝水收集通道的出口设在空冷换热器的底部；冷凝水收集通道上设有冷凝水挡板，将冷凝水从空冷换热器底部排出；空冷换热器的烟气或乏汽侧及空气侧的换热面均为通过挤压成型的方形平行流管或口琴管翅片；空冷换热器的烟气或乏汽侧进口和出口直接通过法兰或者通过变径接口与烟道连接；
进一步地，空冷换热器的烟气或乏汽侧与空气侧的方形平行流管或口琴管翅片通过相互焊接或者粘接形成交叉状并通过平行流管管壁导热进行换热；
进一步地，空冷换热器的烟气或乏汽侧与空气侧的方形平行流管或口琴管翅片分别焊接或者粘接在平板微热管阵列上，湿烟气或乏汽侧翅片位于微热管阵列的蒸发段或微热管阵列的下部，空气侧翅片位于微热管阵列的冷凝段或微热管阵列的上部，湿烟气或乏汽的热量通过翅片换热至微热管阵列的蒸发段并传递至冷凝段后再通过翅片排到空气侧进行换热；
进一步地，空冷换热器的烟气或乏汽侧进口设有用于中和酸性烟气的氢氧化钠碱液喷雾喷嘴及碱液供给管路；
进一步地，空冷换热器的空气侧出口设有一个以上轴流风机，空气侧进口直接或者通过空气过滤器与大气连通；轴流风机置于空冷换热器的上部并与空冷换热器形成一体；
进一步地，空冷换热器的空气侧进口设有风道及一台鼓风风机，并与大气相连；
进一步地，方形平行流管通孔翅片或口琴管通孔翅片位于烟气或乏汽侧的通孔内尺寸为宽度8mm-25mm、高度8mm-25mm；方形平行流管通孔翅片或口琴管通孔翅片位于空气侧的通孔内尺寸为宽度3mm-10mm、高度8mm-25mm。
采用上述方案后，本发明有益效果为：本发明所述的一种烟气或乏汽脱水去白空冷系统，换热效率高、结构紧凑、占地小，不仅初投资低，运行成本也非常低，同时可以实现系统的水平衡。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明的整体示意图；
图2是本发明的的冷却流程图；
附图标记说明：
1、空气侧出口；2、冷凝水挡板；3、烟气或乏汽侧进口；4、碱液供给管路；5、氢氧化钠碱液喷雾喷嘴；6、空冷换热器；7、水喷雾喷嘴；8、凝结水收集箱；9、水供给管路；10、轴流风机。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图，对本发明作进一步的说明。
参看图1-2所示，本具体实施方式采用的技术方案是：它包含空冷换热器6；空冷换热器6内设有两组隔离且封闭的通道，分别为烟气或乏汽通道和冷却空气通道；两组通道通过壁面导热或者微热管阵列导热进行间接换热；冷却空气通道的进口设有蒸发潜热强化换热的水喷雾喷嘴7及水供给管路9；烟气或乏汽通道内设有设有冷凝水收集通道；冷凝水收集通道的出口设在空冷换热器6的底部；冷凝水收集通道上设有冷凝水挡板2，将冷凝水从空冷换热器6底部排出；冷凝水通过再处理达到排放标准后排放，一部分用于碱溶液喷雾系统并回收至凝结水收集箱8，一部分用于水喷雾系统蒸发后直接排至大气，保证整个烟气空冷系统的水平衡；空冷换热器的烟气或乏汽侧及空气侧的换热面均为通过挤压成型的方形平行流管或口琴管翅片；通过调整空气侧与烟气或乏汽侧方形平行流管通孔的尺寸，保证空气侧平行流管通孔翅片的比表面积是烟气侧或乏汽侧的2-5倍，在保证烟气或乏汽侧的流动阻力较低条件下与空气侧的换热平衡；空冷换热器的烟气或乏汽侧进口3和烟气或乏汽侧出口直接通过法兰或者通过变径接口与烟道连接；
进一步地，空冷换热器的烟气或乏汽侧与空气侧的方形平行流管或口琴管翅片通过相互焊接或者粘接形成交叉状并通过平行流管管壁导热进行换热；
进一步地，空冷换热器的烟气或乏汽侧与空气侧的方形平行流管或口琴管翅片分别焊接或者粘接在平板微热管阵列上，湿烟气或乏汽侧翅片位于微热管阵列的蒸发段或微热管阵列的下部，空气侧翅片位于微热管阵列的冷凝段或微热管阵列的上部，湿烟气或乏汽的热量通过翅片换热至微热管阵列的蒸发段并传递至冷凝段后再通过翅片排到空气侧进行换热；
进一步地，空冷换热器的烟气或乏汽侧进口3设有用于中和酸性烟气的氢氧化钠碱液喷雾喷嘴5及碱液供给管路4，通过调节喷雾量，保证烟气凝结水的Ph值为4-8，优选为4.5-7；空冷换热器的烟气侧的流动阻力都不大于 600Pa；
进一步地，空冷换热器的空气侧出口1设有一个以上轴流风机10，空气侧进口直接或者通过空气过滤器与大气连通；轴流风机10置于空冷换热器6 的上部并与空冷换热器6形成一体；
进一步地，空冷换热器的空气侧进口设有风道及一台鼓风风机，并与大气相连。
本具体实施方式中，空冷换热器6烟气或乏汽侧采用碱液喷雾后，可以保证烟气侧凝水的ph值处于铝耐蚀的酸碱度范围，烟气或乏汽侧既可采用各种耐腐蚀的金属，也可采用普通耐蚀材料制成，如铝或铝合金；因此冷却空气侧可采用普通耐蚀材料制成，如铝或铝合金；冷却空气侧采用水喷雾强化空气侧换热，通过调节喷雾量，可保证在极端天气条件下也能实现足够的冷却烟气的能力。烟气或乏汽侧及空气侧的换热面均采用方形平行流管或口琴管翅片，有效保证极大的换热表面积，空气出口温度接近烟气进口温度，会大量吸收喷出的水雾的潜热而使水完全蒸发，因此换热能力极高。
以上所述，仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案所做的其它修改或者等同替换，只要不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围，均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (7)
1.一种烟气或乏汽脱水去白空冷系统，其特征在于它包含空冷换热器；空冷换热器内设有两组隔离且封闭的通道，分别为烟气或乏汽通道和冷却空气通道；两组通道通过壁面导热或者微热管阵列导热进行间接换热；冷却空气通道的进口设有蒸发潜热强化换热的水喷雾喷嘴及水供给管路；烟气或乏汽通道内设有设有冷凝水收集通道；冷凝水收集通道的出口设在空冷换热器的底部；冷凝水收集通道上设有冷凝水挡板，将冷凝水从空冷换热器底部排出；空冷换热器的烟气或乏汽侧及空气侧的换热面均为通过挤压成型的方形平行流管或口琴管翅片；空冷换热器的烟气或乏汽侧进口和出口直接通过法兰或者通过变径接口与烟道连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种烟气或乏汽脱水去白空冷系统，其特征在于空冷换热器的烟气或乏汽侧与空气侧的方形平行流管或口琴管翅片通过相互焊接或者粘接形成交叉状并通过平行流管管壁导热进行换热。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种烟气或乏汽脱水去白空冷系统，其特征在于空冷换热器的烟气或乏汽侧与空气侧的方形平行流管或口琴管翅片分别焊接或者粘接在平板微热管阵列上，湿烟气或乏汽侧翅片位于微热管阵列的蒸发段或微热管阵列的下部，空气侧翅片位于微热管阵列的冷凝段或微热管阵列的上部，湿烟气或乏汽的热量通过翅片换热至微热管阵列的蒸发段并传递至冷凝段后再通过翅片排到空气侧进行换热。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种烟气或乏汽脱水去白空冷系统，其特征在于空冷换热器的烟气或乏汽侧进口设有用于中和酸性烟气的氢氧化钠碱液喷雾喷嘴及碱液供给管路。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种烟气或乏汽脱水去白空冷系统，其特征在于空冷换热器的空气侧出口设有一个以上轴流风机，空气侧进口直接或者通过空气过滤器与大气连通；轴流风机置于空冷换热器的上部并与空冷换热器形成一体。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种烟气或乏汽脱水去白空冷系统，其特征在于空冷换热器的空气侧进口设有风道及一台鼓风风机，并与大气相连。
7.根据权利要求1或2或3所述的一种烟气或乏汽脱水去白空冷系统，其特征在于方形平行流管通孔翅片或口琴管通孔翅片位于烟气或乏汽侧的通孔内尺寸为宽度8mm-25mm、高度8mm-25mm；方形平行流管通孔翅片或口琴管通孔翅片位于空气侧的通孔内尺寸为宽度3mm-10mm、高度8mm-25mm。
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