CN110370934B - Device and method for improving current-carrying frictional wear of pantograph-catenary based on magnetic field regulation and control - Google Patents

Device and method for improving current-carrying frictional wear of pantograph-catenary based on magnetic field regulation and control Download PDF

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CN110370934B
CN110370934B CN201910696098.1A CN201910696098A CN110370934B CN 110370934 B CN110370934 B CN 110370934B CN 201910696098 A CN201910696098 A CN 201910696098A CN 110370934 B CN110370934 B CN 110370934B
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current
pantograph
close
carrying
wound solenoid
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CN110370934A (en
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王潇
高国强
王虹
邓磊
杨泽锋
魏文赋
吴广宁
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Southwest Jiaotong University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L5/00—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L5/18—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles using bow-type collectors in contact with trolley wire
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60M—POWER SUPPLY LINES, AND DEVICES ALONG RAILS, FOR ELECTRICALLY- PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60M1/00—Power supply lines for contact with collector on vehicle
    • B60M1/12—Trolley lines; Accessories therefor
    • B60M1/13—Trolley wires
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
    • G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Current-Collector Devices For Electrically Propelled Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for improving current-carrying friction and wear of a pantograph-catenary based on magnetic field regulation, wherein the device comprises a close-wound solenoid, a wireless frequency phase measuring instrument, a pressure sensor, a current signal generator and a PC (personal computer); the wireless frequency phase measuring instrument and the pressure sensor are both connected with the PC, and the close-wound solenoid is connected with the PC through the current signal generator. The invention not only effectively improves the condition of current-carrying friction and abrasion of the bow net, but also improves the energy transmission efficiency and the current-receiving quality, and has simple structure, obvious effect and very strong practical value and popularization value.

Description

Device and method for improving current-carrying frictional wear of pantograph-catenary based on magnetic field regulation and control
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of magnetic field regulation and control and pantograph pan, and particularly relates to a device and a method for improving current-carrying frictional wear of a pantograph pan based on magnetic field regulation and control.
Background
The key parts of the electrified railway electric locomotive for obtaining power are a bow net system: traction power supply to a locomotive is achieved by drawing current from catenary lines through one or more pantographs mounted on the traction unit or the rolling stock. A pair of current-carrying friction pairs is formed by the overhead contact line conductor and the pantograph slide plate, and the dynamic interaction and the frictional wear performance of the current-carrying friction pairs play a determining role in the service life of the contact line and the slide plate and the running performance and the safety of the electric locomotive.
The pantograph and the contact network are in close contact mechanically and electrically, and any fault can directly affect the normal current taking of the pantograph and the service life of a pantograph-catenary system, and can threaten the safe running of an electric locomotive in severe cases. When the contact pressure between the pantograph nets is small, the impact vibration between the contact pairs is intensified, the current collection quality of the train is remarkably reduced, meanwhile, off-line electric arcs are easily caused when the pantograph does not run on a horizontal plane, the heat of the electric arcs can ablate a contact line and a sliding plate, and the contact line can even be fused when the heat of the electric arcs is serious; when the contact pressure increases, the pantograph offline arcing can be suppressed to some extent, but the mechanical wear between the pantograph meshes is exacerbated. The excessive contact pressure can cause the lifting amount of the contact line to increase, and generate excessive bending stress on the contact line, so that on one hand, the fatigue wear of the contact line can be aggravated, the service time can be shortened, and the maintenance cost can be increased, and on the other hand, the pantograph sliding plate can collide with the positioner to cause pantograph-catenary accidents. Therefore, the proper pantograph-catenary contact pressure can not only ensure good dynamic interaction between the contact wire and the pantograph slide plate, but also ensure the safe operation of the train. Therefore, a device is needed to maintain the contact pressure of the pantograph-catenary within the range of the railway traffic standard or the national standard, so as to ensure the stable current collection of the pantograph-catenary system, slow down the abnormal abrasion of the pantograph-catenary contact pair, improve the service state of the contact line and the pantograph slide plate, prolong the service life of the contact line and the pantograph slide plate and improve the economic benefit.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the device and the method for improving the current-carrying frictional wear of the pantograph-catenary based on magnetic field regulation and control solve the problems that the contact pressure of the pantograph-catenary is small, the impact and vibration between contact pairs are aggravated, off-line electric arcs are frequent, the contact pressure of the pantograph-catenary is large, the abnormal wear of a contact line and a sliding plate is aggravated, the lifting amount of the contact line is increased, the pantograph-catenary accident is easily caused, and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a device for improving current-carrying friction and wear of a bow net based on magnetic field regulation comprises a close-wound solenoid, a wireless frequency phase measuring instrument, a pressure sensor, a current signal generator and a PC (personal computer);
the wireless frequency phase measuring instrument and the pressure sensor are both connected with the PC, and the close-wound solenoid is connected with the PC through a current signal generator.
Further, the close-wound solenoid is arranged right below the pantograph sliding plate bracket;
the wireless frequency phase measuring instrument is arranged on the pantograph underframe;
the pressure sensors are arranged at the left end and the right end of the lower surface of the pantograph sliding plate bracket.
Further, the length of the close-wound solenoid is less than or equal to the length of the pantograph slide plate, and the diameter of the close-wound solenoid is less than the width of the pantograph slide plate.
Further, the pressure sensor is a high-precision insulation strain type pressure sensor.
A method of improving current-carrying frictional wear of a bow net, comprising the steps of:
s1, acquiring a phase angle on the current-carrying contact line in real time through a wireless frequency phase measuring instrument, and transmitting the phase angle to a PC (personal computer);
s2, acquiring pressures borne by two ends of the sliding plate in real time through the pressure sensor and transmitting the pressures to the PC;
s3, calculating the pantograph-catenary dynamic contact pressure according to the received pressure at the two ends of the sliding plate through the PC, and judging whether the pantograph-catenary dynamic contact pressure is within a preset contact pressure range;
if yes, go to step S4;
if not, returning to the step S1;
s4, calculating the current intensity and direction of the close-wound solenoid according to the phase angle on the current-carrying contact line received by the PC, and sending the current intensity and direction to the current signal generator;
s5, generating a corresponding current signal through a current signal generator, and introducing the current signal into the close-wound solenoid to enable a current-carrying contact wire to be subjected to ampere force, so as to change the dynamic contact pressure of the pantograph-catenary;
s6, repeating the steps S1-S5 to enable the dynamic contact pressure of the pantograph to be always within the preset contact pressure range, and further improve the current-carrying friction and abrasion of the pantograph.
Further, in step S1, the current is positive current when the phase angle θ on the current-carrying contact line is 0 ° to 180 °; when the current phase angle theta of the current-carrying contact line is 180-360 degrees, the current is reverse current.
Further, in the step S3, the pantograph dynamic contact pressure F is:
F＝F0+FR+FAER+FDYN+FA
in the formula, F0The contact force is static contact force;
FRthe friction resistance of the articulated part of the pantograph is obtained;
FAERis aerodynamic;
FDYNdynamic contact force component;
FAthe ampere force which is controlled by the magnetic field and is applied to the current-carrying contact wire.
Further, in step S4, when the PC calculates the current intensity and direction to be fed to the close-wound line pipe, the dynamic pantograph contact pressure F is determined according to the phase angle measured by the radio frequency phase measuring instrument and the calculation result;
when bow net is in dynamic contact with pressure F>FMAXAnd when the current flowing through the current-carrying contact line is a forward current:
calculating the current intensity of the close-wound solenoid by the PC according to the received dynamic contact pressure F of the pantograph-catenary; the current carrying contact wire is subjected to a vertically facing upward ampere force F in the magnetic field formed by the closely wound solenoid when a vertically inward magnetic field is generated by passing a reverse current through the closely wound solenoidAFurther reducing the dynamic contact pressure of the bow net;
when bow net is in dynamic contact with pressure F>FMAXAnd when the current flowing through the current-carrying contact line is reverse current:
calculating the current intensity of the close-wound solenoid by the PC according to the received dynamic contact pressure F of the pantograph-catenary; the current-carrying contact line is subjected to an upward ampere force vertically above the ground in the magnetic field formed by the close-wound solenoid, so that the dynamic contact pressure of the pantograph-catenary is reduced;
when bow net is in dynamic contact with pressure F<FMINAnd when the current flowing through the current-carrying contact line is a forward current:
calculating the current intensity of the close-wound solenoid by the PC according to the received dynamic contact pressure F of the pantograph-catenary; the current-carrying contact line is subjected to an ampere force which is vertically downward in the magnetic field formed by the close-wound solenoid at the moment, so that the dynamic contact pressure of the pantograph-catenary is increased;
when bow net is in dynamic contact with pressure F<FMINAnd when the current flowing through the current-carrying contact line is reverse current:
calculating the current intensity of the close-wound solenoid by the PC according to the received dynamic contact pressure F of the pantograph-catenary; the reverse current is introduced into the close-wound solenoid to enable the close-wound solenoid to generate a magnetic field which is vertical to the inside, and at the moment, the current-carrying contact line is subjected to an ampere force which is vertical to the ground and downward in the magnetic field formed by the close-wound falling line pipe, so that the dynamic contact pressure of the pantograph-catenary is increased;
wherein, FMINAt the minimum of a predetermined contact pressure range, FMAXIs the maximum value of the preset contact pressure range.
Further, the current intensity i introduced into the close-wound solenoid is calculated according to the dynamic contact pressure F of the pantograph-catenary as follows:
Figure BDA0002149408740000041
wherein B is the magnetic field intensity of the close-wound solenoid which is electrified;
μ0is a vacuum magnetic conductivity;
n is the number of turns of the coil of the close-wound solenoid;
wherein, the magnetic field intensity B of the electrified close-wound solenoid is as follows:
Figure BDA0002149408740000051
in the formula, delta F is the difference value of the current pantograph dynamic contact pressure F and the preset contact pressure range extreme value, when F<FMINWhen,. DELTA.F is F-FMINWhen F is>FMAXWhen,. DELTA.F ═ FMAX-F；
I is the current through the contact line;
l is the effective length of the current-carrying contact line in the magnetic field generated by the close-wound solenoid;
alpha is the angle between the direction of the current in the current carrying contact line and the direction of the magnetic field B generated by the close-wound solenoid.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the pantograph slide plate and the pantograph slide plate control method, the current-carrying multilayer close-wound solenoid is additionally arranged under the pantograph slide plate bracket, dynamic contact pressure of the pantograph net is monitored in real time, and then fed back to the PC to be compared with a preset contact pressure interval value, the current intensity and the current direction of the multilayer close-wound solenoid are regulated and controlled through the PC, and the dynamic contact pressure of the pantograph net is in a preset contact pressure range by utilizing the ampere force of a current-carrying contact line in a magnetic field, so that the severe friction and abrasion of the pantograph net in long-term operation are improved, the service lives of the pantograph slide plate and the contact line are effectively prolonged, the current taking quality is guaranteed, and the current transmission efficiency is improved;
(2) according to the invention, the current-carrying multilayer close-wound solenoid is additionally arranged only on the pantograph head part of the pantograph, the wireless frequency phase measuring instrument is arranged, and other structures are not changed, so that the cost is effectively saved, and the convenience and feasibility of operation are further improved;
(3) the invention compares the acquired bow net contact pressure with a preset dynamic contact pressure range, and regulates and controls the multilayer close-wound solenoid through the PC to generate different magnetic fields, so that the contact wire is subjected to different ampere forces. When the dynamic contact pressure of the pantograph-catenary is overlarge, the current direction of the multilayer close-wound solenoid is adjusted to enable the contact wire to be subjected to an upward ampere force vertical to the ground, otherwise, the current direction of the multilayer close-wound solenoid is adjusted to enable the contact wire to be subjected to a downward ampere force vertical to the ground, so that the contact pressure of the pantograph-catenary can be relatively stably positioned in a preset contact force interval value, the probability of occurrence of offline electric arcs of the pantograph-catenary is effectively reduced, the abnormal wear condition of the pantograph-catenary is improved, the service lives of the contact wire and the sliding plate are prolonged, the replacement frequency is reduced, and the cost is saved; further effectively protecting the electrical equipment and improving the safety of train running.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a device for improving current-carrying frictional wear of a bow net based on magnetic field regulation.
Fig. 2 is a layout view of a close-wound solenoid according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of a method for improving current-carrying frictional wear of a bow net provided by the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the current carrying contact wire under ampere force under the action of the magnetic field of the close-wound solenoid in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.
As shown in fig. 1, a device for improving current-carrying frictional wear of a pantograph-catenary based on magnetic field regulation and control comprises a close-wound solenoid, a wireless frequency phase measuring instrument, a pressure sensor, a current signal generator and a PC;
the wireless frequency phase measuring instrument and the pressure sensor are both connected with the PC, and the close-wound solenoid is connected with the PC through a current signal generator.
The wireless frequency phase measuring instrument is arranged on a pantograph underframe and is used for collecting a phase angle of current-carrying contact line current, and the phase angle theta is defined as forward current when being 0-180 degrees; when the phase angle theta of the current phase angle of the current-carrying contact line is 180-360 degrees, the current phase angle theta is reverse current; the effective range which can be measured by the wireless frequency phase measuring instrument is at least larger than the working height of the upper part of the pantograph;
the pressure sensors are arranged at the left end and the right end of the lower surface of the pantograph sliding plate bracket and are used for collecting contact pressure values received by the left end and the right end of the pantograph sliding plate; the pressure sensor and the wireless frequency phase measuring instrument work in a high-voltage environment with equal potential of a pantograph, collected signals are amplified and converted into optical signals through the high-voltage side of the roof data collection box and transmitted to the low-potential side optical fiber receiver of the data collection box through optical fibers, the optical signals are converted into electric signals and then transmitted to a PC (personal computer) in the vehicle through a cable, and the PC processes, analyzes and stores the signals through a special data processing and analyzing system. The pantograph-catenary dynamic contact pressure value is calculated according to the contact pressure values acquired by the two pressure sensors; the pressure sensor in the invention is a high-precision insulation strain type pressure sensor;
the PC stores the dynamic contact force range values of the pantograph nets corresponding to various pantograph models, stores phase angle data of current passing through a current-carrying contact wire acquired by the wireless frequency phase measuring instrument in real time, judges whether current is introduced into the close-wound solenoid according to the calculated dynamic contact pressure value of the pantograph nets, and determines the magnitude and direction of the introduced current;
the current signal generator generates corresponding current according to the size and the direction of the current which is determined by the PC and the current is led into the close-wound solenoid, and all devices and circuits which can generate corresponding current according to the data processing result of the PC are in the protection scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 2, the tightly wound solenoid is disposed right below the pantograph slider bracket, and generates a corresponding magnetic field according to the pantograph pan dynamic contact pressure value, so that the current-carrying contact line receives an ampere force vertically upward or downward, thereby adjusting the pantograph pan dynamic contact pressure and improving the frictional wear;
the invention is applied to the process of long-time current-carrying contact friction wear of the pantograph, greatly improves the abnormal mechanical friction and electrical loss of the pantograph, and can adjust the parameters of the multilayer close-wound solenoid for different magnetic field strengths and directions and different current levels by adjusting the parameters of the multilayer close-wound solenoid, namely, the proper multilayer close-wound solenoid is selected, and comprises the total length, the winding mode, the number of turns of a coil, the placing positions of the multilayer close-wound solenoid and the like, the length of the close-wound solenoid is more than or equal to the length of a pantograph slide plate, and the diameter of the close-wound solenoid is less than the width of the pantograph slide; the two ends of the electrified multilayer close-wound solenoid can form a closed magnetic induction line, the closed magnetic induction line is wound by a certain number of turns and can be connected in parallel in multiple layers, a magnetic field effect parallel to the length direction of the pantograph slide plate and perpendicular to the direction of the current-carrying contact line is achieved, and then the current intensity and the current direction of the solenoid are controlled by the PC to regulate and control the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field direction, so that the mechanical and electrical wear conditions of the pantograph are optimized.
It should be noted that the installation of the multi-layer close-wound solenoid and the wireless frequency phase measuring instrument on the pantograph in the above device does not change the mechanical stability and the head quality of the pantograph obviously. The dynamic contact pressure ranges of pantograph nets corresponding to different pantograph type numbers are different, and the dynamic contact pressure of the pantograph nets between a pantograph of any type and a current-carrying contact line is not greater than the maximum bearing capacity of the pantograph.
The invention also provides a method for improving the current-carrying frictional wear of the bow net, which comprises the following steps as shown in figure 3:
s1, acquiring a phase angle on the current-carrying contact line in real time through a wireless frequency phase measuring instrument, and transmitting the phase angle to a PC (personal computer);
wherein, the current is positive current when the phase angle theta on the current-carrying contact line is 0-180 degrees; when the current phase angle theta of the current-carrying contact line is 180-360 degrees, the current is reverse current.
S2, acquiring pressures borne by two ends of the sliding plate in real time through the pressure sensor and transmitting the pressures to the PC;
s3, calculating the pantograph-catenary dynamic contact pressure according to the received pressure at the two ends of the sliding plate through the PC, and judging whether the pantograph-catenary dynamic contact pressure is within a preset contact pressure range;
if yes, go to step S4;
if not, returning to the step S1; at the moment, the dynamic contact pressure of the pantograph-catenary is relatively stable, namely the dynamic contact pressure is within a preset contact pressure range, and the dynamic contact pressure does not need to be adjusted (current is introduced into a close-wound solenoid);
s4, calculating the current intensity and direction of the close-wound solenoid according to the phase angle of the current-carrying contact line received by the PC, and sending the current intensity and direction to the current signal generator;
s5, generating a corresponding current signal through a current signal generator, and introducing the current signal into the close-wound solenoid to enable a current-carrying contact wire to be subjected to ampere force, so as to change the dynamic contact pressure of the pantograph-catenary;
s6, repeating the steps S1-S5 to enable the dynamic contact pressure of the pantograph to be always within the preset contact pressure range, and further improve the current-carrying friction and abrasion of the pantograph.
In step S3, the pantograph dynamic contact pressure F is:
F＝F0+FR+FAER+FDYN+FA
in the formula, F0The contact force is a static contact force, namely an average vertical force applied to a contact net by a pantograph head when the pantograph is lifted and the train is in a static state; when the pantograph moves up and down in the whole working range, ideally, the static contact force of each working height is equal, the force can be measured, and the static contact pressure F of the pantograph at any working height is measured under power supply systems with different voltage levels0May be considered constant within a certain range;
FRthe friction resistance of the articulated part of the pantograph is obtained; fRIs the force resisting the movement of the pantograph. When the pantograph head moves downwards, FRThe direction is upward; when the bow moves upwards, FRThe direction is downward. For different types of pantographs, the friction coefficient of the hinged part is a fixed value; at different train running speed grades, FRMay be considered constant within a certain range.
FAERThe pantograph is aerodynamic, each part of the pantograph finally generates an aerodynamic lifting force vertical to a contact net at a sliding plate under the combined action of the aerodynamic lifting force and the aerodynamic resistance, and the force is only related to the running speed of the train, namely when the running speed of the train is determined, the aerodynamic force can be determined;
FDYNthe dynamic contact force component is the force which is applied to the bow head and cannot run on a horizontal plane due to the vibration of the bow or the net; fDYNThe amplitude in the vibration function has a certain range, and the range is related to the running condition of the pantograph and is a fixed value in a certain range;
FAthe ampere force which is controlled by the magnetic field and is applied to the current-carrying contact wire.
According to the formula, in the moving and running process of the high-speed train, the dynamic contact pressure of the pantograph and the net obtained by the calculation of the PC can be directly calculated according to the running state of the high-speed train, and the ampere force can be manually regulated, so that the dynamic contact pressure of the pantograph and the net can be changed and adjusted by adjusting the ampere force, and the mechanical and electrical wear conditions of the pantograph and the net are improved.
In the step S4, when the current intensity and direction that need to be fed into the close-wound line-falling pipe are calculated by the PC, the current intensity and direction are determined according to the phase angle measured by the wireless frequency phase measuring instrument and the pantograph dynamic contact pressure measured by the pressure sensor;
when bow net is in dynamic contact with pressure F>FMAXAnd when the current flowing through the current-carrying contact line is a forward current:
calculating the current intensity of the close-wound solenoid by the PC according to the received dynamic contact pressure F of the pantograph-catenary; it is determined by the right-hand rule that a reverse current is introduced into the close-wound solenoid to generate a magnetic field which is vertically inward, and at this time, as shown in fig. 4(a), according to the left-hand rule, when a current-carrying contact line is introduced with a forward current, the current-carrying contact line is subjected to an upward ampere force which faces vertically in the magnetic field formed by the close-wound solenoid, so that the dynamic contact pressure of the pantograph-catenary is reduced, the friction condition of a current-carrying contact pair is improved, and the current-carrying contact pair is enabled to reach a state of lower abrasion;
when bow net is in dynamic contact with pressure F>FMAXAnd when the current flowing through the current-carrying contact line is reverse current:
calculating the current intensity of the close-wound solenoid by the PC according to the received dynamic contact pressure F of the pantograph-catenary; it is determined by the right-hand rule that a forward current is introduced into the close-wound solenoid to generate a vertical outward magnetic field, and at this time, as shown in fig. 4(b), according to the left-hand rule, when a reverse current is introduced into the current-carrying contact line, the current-carrying contact line is subjected to an upward ampere force vertically facing the ground in the magnetic field formed by the close-wound solenoid, so that the dynamic contact pressure of the pantograph-catenary is reduced, the friction condition of the current-carrying contact pair is improved, and the current-carrying contact pair is in a lower abrasion state;
when bow net is in dynamic contact with pressure F<FMINAnd flows through the current-carrying contact lineWhen the current of (a) is a forward current:
calculating the current intensity of the close-wound solenoid by the PC according to the received dynamic contact pressure F of the pantograph-catenary; it is determined by the right-hand rule that the close-wound solenoid is supplied with a forward current to generate a vertically outward magnetic field, and at this time, as shown in fig. 4(c), according to the left-hand rule, when the current-carrying contact line is supplied with a forward current, the current-carrying contact line is subjected to an ampere force which is vertically downward in the magnetic field formed by the close-wound solenoid, so that the dynamic contact pressure of the pantograph-catenary is increased, and a state that no arc is generated compared with the conventional pantograph-catenary is achieved;
when bow net is in dynamic contact with pressure F<FMINAnd when the current flowing through the current-carrying contact line is reverse current:
calculating the current intensity of the close-wound solenoid by the PC according to the received dynamic contact pressure F of the pantograph-catenary; it is determined by the right-hand rule that a reverse current is introduced into the close-wound solenoid to generate a magnetic field which is vertically inward, and at this time, as shown in fig. 4(d), according to the left-hand rule, when a current-carrying contact line is introduced with a reverse current, the current-carrying contact line is subjected to an ampere force which is vertically downward in the magnetic field formed by the close-wound down-line pipe, so that the dynamic contact pressure of the pantograph-catenary is increased, and a state that no arc is generated compared with the conventional pantograph-catenary is achieved;
wherein, FMINAt the minimum of a predetermined contact pressure range, FMAXIs the maximum value of the preset contact pressure range.
Calculating the current intensity i led into the close-wound solenoid according to the dynamic contact pressure F of the pantograph-catenary as follows:
Figure BDA0002149408740000111
wherein B is the magnetic field intensity of the close-wound solenoid which is electrified;
μ0the magnetic permeability is a fixed value;
n is the number of turns of the coil of the close-wound solenoid;
wherein, the magnetic field intensity B of the electrified close-wound solenoid is as follows:
Figure BDA0002149408740000112
in the formula, delta F is the difference value of the current pantograph dynamic contact pressure F and the preset contact pressure range extreme value, when F<FMINWhen,. DELTA.F is F-FMINWhen F is>FMAXWhen,. DELTA.F ═ FMAX-F；
I is the current passing through the contact line, detected by a current transformer installed on the top of the train and provided to a network control system of the train;
l is the effective length of the current-carrying contact line in the magnetic field generated by the close-wound solenoid;
alpha is the angle between the direction of the current in the current carrying contact line and the direction of the magnetic field B generated by the close-wound solenoid.
According to the collected different contact pressure conditions, the dynamic contact pressure of the pantograph pan can be in a preset contact pressure range by adopting the four adjusting modes, when the maximum pantograph pan contact pressure is reduced to be in the preset contact pressure range, the serious frictional wear caused by the tight extrusion of the pantograph pan and the contact wire can be avoided, and the pantograph pan accidents caused by the bending deformation of the contact wire due to the excessive lifting and the looseness of contact wire parts due to the bending deformation of the contact wire can be effectively prevented; when the contact pressure of the extremely small pantograph-catenary is increased to the preset contact force range, the undesirable impact and vibration generated by the pantograph slide plate and the catenary wire can be avoided, and the off-line electric arc can be avoided.
In the above-mentioned solutions, it is noted that the contact wire is subjected to an ampere force F in the magnetic field generated by the close-wound solenoidAAnd does not cause relative displacement between the pantograph slider and the pantograph slider. Under ideal conditions, the pantograph slide plate and the contact line lead always keep physical contact when the train takes current, FAThe dynamic contact pressure of the bow net is adjusted without changing the physical contact state of the bow net and the net.
In one embodiment of the invention, the working principle of the method of the invention is provided: according to electromagnetic knowledge, a current carrying coil behaves much like a magnet, and if the wire wound around the solenoid is thin and tightly wound one turn after the other, it can be considered as a conductive cylinder with current continuously distributed circumferentially. For a finite cylinder, as long as the length of the cylinder is much greater than its radius, the magnetic field generated by the solenoid can be expressed as:
B＝μ0ni
wherein, mu0For vacuum permeability, n is the number of turns per unit length and i is the current per turn.
In addition, the force applied to the current-carrying conductor in the magnetic field is related to the intensity of the current passing through the conductor and the intensity of the surrounding magnetic field. The length of the straight wire with the current intensity as I is L, and the straight wire is placed in a uniform external magnetic field with the magnetic induction intensity as B, and the magnitude of ampere force applied to the wire is as follows:
FA＝IBLsinα
wherein alpha is the included angle between the current direction in the wire and the direction of the magnetic field B. The contact wire in the invention can be seen as a plurality of thin straight wires, and when current flows on the contact wire, the direction of the ampere force applied to the contact wire can be judged by the left-hand rule. As shown in fig. 4, when the current-carrying contact wire is in the vertical inward magnetic field B and a forward current flows, it can be known by applying ampere's rule that the contact wire receives an ampere force which is vertical to the ground and upward, at this time, the bow net contact pressure becomes small, and if the current direction passing through the contact wire is changed to be reverse, the direction of the ampere force received by the contact wire becomes vertical to the ground and downward, at this time, the bow net contact pressure becomes large; if the contact wire is in a vertical external magnetic field B, when a forward current flows, the ampere force is applied, so that the contact wire is subjected to an ampere force which is vertical to the ground and downward, the bow net contact pressure is increased, and if the current direction passing through the contact wire is reversed, the direction of the ampere force applied to the contact wire is changed to be vertical to the ground and upward, and the bow net contact pressure is decreased. Therefore, a multi-layer closely wound solenoid capable of flowing through is mounted on the sliding plate bracket of the pantograph head, and the magnitude of the dynamic contact pressure of the pantograph-catenary can be controlled by the magnetic field generated by the solenoid.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "forward" and "reverse", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships and are used for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Wherein, when the 'forward current' and the 'reverse current' are regulated, the right side along the train running direction is called as the right side, the left side along the train running direction is called as the left side, and the lead of the specified close-wound solenoid is wound from the right side to the left side in the clockwise direction; the current flowing into the left side from the right side is considered as passing through the tightly wound solenoid with a forward current, and the current flowing into the right side from the left side is considered as passing through the tightly wound solenoid with a reverse current. The relationship between the polarity of the solenoid and the direction of current flow can be described by the right hand rule: the solenoid is held by the right hand, the four bent fingers stretch the thumb along the current rewinding direction, and the direction pointed by the thumb is the N pole of the solenoid. Further, the direction in which the magnetic field is generated when the current is applied to the energized solenoid is defined by: the right side along the train running direction is the right side, the left side along the train running direction is the left side, the magnetic induction line from the N pole of the solenoid vertically points to the left side from the right side and is called a 'vertical inward magnetic field', and the magnetic induction line from the N pole of the solenoid vertically points to the right side from the left side and is called a 'vertical outward magnetic field'.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the pantograph slide plate and the pantograph slide plate control method, the current-carrying multilayer close-wound solenoid is additionally arranged under the pantograph slide plate bracket, dynamic contact pressure of the pantograph net is monitored in real time, and then fed back to the PC to be compared with a preset contact pressure interval value, the current intensity and the current direction of the multilayer close-wound solenoid are regulated and controlled through the PC, and the dynamic contact pressure of the pantograph net is in a preset contact pressure range by utilizing the ampere force of a current-carrying contact line in a magnetic field, so that the severe friction and abrasion of the pantograph net in long-term operation are improved, the service lives of the pantograph slide plate and the contact line are effectively prolonged, the current taking quality is guaranteed, and the current transmission efficiency is improved;
(2) according to the invention, the current-carrying multilayer close-wound solenoid is additionally arranged only on the pantograph head part of the pantograph, the wireless frequency phase measuring instrument is arranged, and other structures are not changed, so that the cost is effectively saved, and the convenience and feasibility of operation are further improved;
(3) the invention compares the acquired bow net contact pressure with a preset dynamic contact pressure range, and regulates and controls the multilayer close-wound solenoid through the PC to generate different magnetic fields, so that the contact wire is subjected to different ampere forces. When the dynamic contact pressure of the pantograph-catenary is overlarge, the current direction of the multilayer close-wound solenoid is adjusted to enable the contact wire to be subjected to an upward ampere force vertical to the ground, otherwise, the current direction of the multilayer close-wound solenoid is adjusted to enable the contact wire to be subjected to a downward ampere force vertical to the ground, so that the contact pressure of the pantograph-catenary can be relatively stably positioned in a preset contact force interval value, the probability of occurrence of offline electric arcs of the pantograph-catenary is effectively reduced, the abnormal wear condition of the pantograph-catenary is improved, the service lives of the contact wire and the sliding plate are prolonged, the replacement frequency is reduced, and the cost is saved; further effectively protecting the electrical equipment and improving the safety of train running.

Claims (9)

1. A device for improving current-carrying friction and wear of a bow net based on magnetic field regulation and control is characterized by comprising a close-wound solenoid, a wireless frequency phase measuring instrument, a pressure sensor, a current signal generator and a PC (personal computer);
the wireless frequency phase measuring instrument and the pressure sensor are both connected with the PC, and the close-wound solenoid is connected with the PC through a current signal generator.
2. The magnetic field regulation-based device for improving current-carrying frictional wear of a pantograph pan according to claim 1, wherein the close-wound solenoid is arranged right below a pantograph pan bracket;
the wireless frequency phase measuring instrument is arranged on the pantograph underframe;
the pressure sensors are arranged at the left end and the right end of the lower surface of the pantograph sliding plate bracket.
3. The magnetic field regulation-based pantograph current-carrying frictional wear improvement device according to claim 1, wherein the closely wound solenoid has a length less than or equal to a pantograph pan length and a diameter less than a pantograph pan width.
4. The device for improving current-carrying frictional wear of a pantograph according to claim 1, wherein said pressure sensor is a high-precision insulated strain gauge pressure sensor.
5. A method for improving current-carrying frictional wear of a bow net is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, acquiring a phase angle on the current-carrying contact line in real time through a wireless frequency phase measuring instrument, and transmitting the phase angle to a PC (personal computer);
s2, acquiring pressures borne by two ends of the sliding plate in real time through the pressure sensor and transmitting the pressures to the PC;
s3, calculating the pantograph-catenary dynamic contact pressure according to the received pressure at the two ends of the sliding plate through the PC, and judging whether the pantograph-catenary dynamic contact pressure is within a preset contact pressure range;
if yes, return to step S1;
if not, go to step S4;
s4, calculating the current intensity and direction of the close-wound solenoid according to the phase angle on the current-carrying contact line received by the PC, and sending the current intensity and direction to the current signal generator;
s5, generating a corresponding current signal through a current signal generator, and introducing the current signal into the close-wound solenoid to enable a current-carrying contact wire to be subjected to ampere force, so as to change the dynamic contact pressure of the pantograph-catenary;
s6, repeating the steps S1-S5 to enable the dynamic contact pressure of the pantograph to be always within the preset contact pressure range, and further improve the current-carrying friction and abrasion of the pantograph.
6. A method for improving current-carrying frictional wear of pantograph according to claim 5, characterized in that said step S1 is a forward current when the phase angle θ on the current-carrying contact line satisfies 0 ° ≦ θ ≦ 180 °; the current carrying contact line current phase angle theta is reverse current when 180 DEG < theta <360 deg.
7. The method for improving current-carrying frictional wear of pantograph meshes of claim 5, wherein said pantograph dynamic contact pressure F of step S3 is:
F＝F0+FR+FAER+FDYN+FA
in the formula, F0The contact force is static contact force;
FRthe friction resistance of the articulated part of the pantograph is obtained;
FAERis aerodynamic;
FDYNdynamic contact force component;
FAthe ampere force which is controlled by the magnetic field and is applied to the current-carrying contact wire.
8. The method for improving the current-carrying frictional wear of the pantograph pan according to claim 6, wherein in the step S4, when the PC calculates the current intensity and direction to be fed to the close-wound solenoid, the current intensity and direction are determined according to the phase angle measured by the wireless frequency phase measuring instrument and the pantograph pan dynamic contact pressure F obtained through calculation;
when bow net is in dynamic contact with pressure F>FMAXAnd when the current flowing through the current-carrying contact line is a forward current:
calculating the current intensity of the close-wound solenoid by the PC according to the received dynamic contact pressure F of the pantograph-catenary; the current carrying contact wire is subjected to an upward vertical ampere force F in the magnetic field formed by the close-wound solenoidAFurther reducing the dynamic contact pressure of the bow net;
when bow net is in dynamic contact with pressure F>FMAXAnd when the current flowing through the current-carrying contact line is reverse current:
calculating the current intensity of the close-wound solenoid by the PC according to the received dynamic contact pressure F of the pantograph-catenary; the current-carrying contact line is subjected to an upward ampere force vertically above the ground in the magnetic field formed by the close-wound solenoid, so that the dynamic contact pressure of the pantograph-catenary is reduced;
when bow net is in dynamic contact with pressure F<FMINAnd when the current flowing through the current-carrying contact line is a forward current:
calculating the current intensity of the close-wound solenoid by the PC according to the received dynamic contact pressure F of the pantograph-catenary; the current-carrying contact line is subjected to an ampere force which is vertically downward in the magnetic field formed by the close-wound solenoid at the moment, so that the dynamic contact pressure of the pantograph-catenary is increased;
when bow net is in dynamic contact with pressure F<FMINAnd when the current flowing through the current-carrying contact line is reverse current:
calculating the current intensity of the close-wound solenoid by the PC according to the received dynamic contact pressure F of the pantograph-catenary; the reverse current is introduced into the close-wound solenoid to enable the close-wound solenoid to generate a magnetic field which is vertical to the inside, and at the moment, the current-carrying contact line is subjected to an ampere force which is vertical to the ground and downward in the magnetic field formed by the close-wound solenoid, so that the dynamic contact pressure of the pantograph-catenary is increased;
wherein, FMINAt the minimum of a predetermined contact pressure range, FMAXIs the maximum value of the preset contact pressure range.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the current intensity i to the close-wound solenoid is calculated from the pantograph dynamic contact pressure F as:
Figure FDA0002530447670000031
wherein B is the magnetic field intensity of the close-wound solenoid which is electrified;
μ0is a vacuum magnetic conductivity;
n is the number of turns of the coil of the close-wound solenoid;
wherein, the magnetic field intensity B of the electrified close-wound solenoid is as follows:
Figure FDA0002530447670000041
in the formula, delta F is the difference value of the current pantograph dynamic contact pressure F and the preset contact pressure range extreme value, when F<FMINWhen,. DELTA.F is F-FMINWhen F is>FMAXWhen,. DELTA.F ═ FMAX-F；
I is the current through the contact line;
l is the effective length of the current-carrying contact line in the magnetic field generated by the close-wound solenoid;
alpha is the angle between the direction of the current in the current carrying contact line and the direction of the magnetic field B generated by the close-wound solenoid.
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