CN110370886A - 提升车辆内部空间的温度的方法以及用于执行方法的车辆 - Google Patents
提升车辆内部空间的温度的方法以及用于执行方法的车辆 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于将车辆的车辆内部空间的温度从低的温度值提升到提高的温度值的方法,其中,车辆具有燃料电池系统(1),燃料电池系统带有燃料电池堆(2)以及带有在阴极侧与燃料电池堆(2)相连接的压缩机(3),方法包括步骤:借助于压缩机(3)吸入阴极气体,以及压缩并加热被吸入的阴极气体。在此,将被加热的阴极气体的阴极气体质量流的至少一份额引导到车辆内部空间中,并且将车辆内部空间的温度提升到提高的温度值。此外,本发明涉及一种用于执行该方法的车辆。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于将车辆的车辆内部空间的温度从低的温度值提升到提高的温度值的方法,其中,车辆具有燃料电池系统,其带有燃料电池堆以及带有在阴极侧与燃料电池堆(Brennstoffzellenstapel)相连接的压缩机。该方法包括步骤:借助于压缩机吸入阴极气体,以及压缩并加热被吸入的阴极气体。
此外,本发明涉及一种用于执行该方法的车辆,其带有电池、带有具有燃料电池堆的燃料电池系统以及带有在阴极侧经由阴极输送线路与燃料电池堆流动连接的压缩机。
背景技术
文献DE 10 101 914 A1描述了一种用于燃料电池设施车辆(Brennstoffzellenanlagenfahrzeug)的装置和方法,该燃料电池设施车辆带有压缩机,该压缩机吸入、压缩周围环境空气并且将该被加热的周围环境空气输送给冷空气处理空调设备或冷空气处理热泵以冷却车辆内部空间。由此,为了冷却车辆内部空间,借助于膨胀器又冷却之前通过压缩机加热的周围环境空气。
此外,从现有技术中已知用于加热车辆内部空间的PTC加热器。然而,为了借助于PTC加热器进行加热,在车辆中需要附加的构件和附加的结构空间。这引起在车辆的制造中的成本增加。
发明内容
因此,本发明的任务是,提供一种更能量有效的方法以及车辆,其可以以节省能量的方式加热。
该任务的涉及方法的部分通过带有权利要求1的特征的方法解决。在对此从属的权利要求中说明带有方法的适宜的改进方案的有利的设计方案。
尤其,涉及方法的任务通过以下方式解决,即,将被加热的阴极气体的阴极气体质量流的至少一份额引导到车辆内部空间中,并且将车辆内部空间的温度提升到提高的温度值。由此,创造一种用于加热车辆内部空间的方法,其采用总归在燃料电池系统中存在的构件、如压缩机。此外,将借助于压缩机在压缩时加热的阴极气体能量有效地用于加热车辆内部空间。
为了进一步提高方法的能效(Energieeffizienz),优选的是,将阴极气体质量流引导到车辆内部空间中,仅仅直至达到预设的或可预设的提高的温度值。在一种有利的构造方案中,为此设置传感器,该传感器确定实际温度值并且将其转发到控制单元处,该控制单元将实际温度值与预设的或可预设的提高的温度值相比较。
为了也可在停止时加热车辆,该方法附加地包括以下步骤:
- 开始电池运行,在其中仅仅借助于电池进行车辆的能量供给,以及
- 借助于电池使压缩机运行。
这实现了,当车辆未或尚未利用燃料电池系统运行时,加热车辆内部空间。在一种备选的实施方式中,为了提升在燃料电池堆中的温度,设置成,将阴极气体质量流的至少一部分引导到燃料电池堆中或引导至燃料电池堆。这实现了在低的或较低的外界温度的情形中、也就是说尤其在寒冷起动(Froststart)中预加热燃料电池堆。
此外,该方法包括以下步骤:通过在阳极侧将燃料并且在阴极侧将阴极气体质量流的至少另一部分输送给燃料电池堆,开始燃料电池运行。因此,在一种优选的实施方式中,该方法在电池运行和燃料电池运行之间切换,在电池运行中,仅仅借助于电池进行车辆的能量供给,在燃料电池运行中,借助于燃料电池系统使车辆运行。
此外设置成,当在车辆内部空间中的温度不相应于预设的或可预设的更高的温度值时,将加热的阴极气体的阴极气体质量流的至少一份额引导到车辆内部空间中,从而将车辆内部空间的温度提升到提高的温度值。在一种备选的实施方式中,该方法也可仅仅具有电池运行或者仅仅具有燃料电池运行。
为了改善该方法的能效,优选的是,一旦结束了电池运行或燃料电池运行,不再将阴极气体质量流引导到车辆内部空间中。可通过停止车辆、也就是说通过中断通过电池的电压供给,或者通过开始燃料电池运行、也就是说优选地通过将燃料输送到燃料电池堆的阳极空间中,结束电池运行。可又通过停止车辆,也就是说通过中断在阳极侧将燃料输送到燃料电池堆中和/或通过开始电池运行(在其中仅仅借助于电池进行车辆的能量供给),结束燃料电池运行。
尤其有利的是,所述阴极气体质量流的另一部分与阴极气体质量流的被输送给车辆内部空间的份额互补。由此,在燃料电池运行中优选的是,将阴极气体质量流的份额引导到车辆内部空间,并且将阴极气体质量流的另一对此互补的部分引导到燃料电池堆的阴极室。在此,在一种优选的实施方式中,阴极气体质量流的所述份额和所述另一部分可变化并且如此借助于控制单元控制,使得燃料电池系统产生预设的或可预设的电压和/或将车辆内部空间的温度提升到预设的或可预设的提高的温度值上。
就此而言有利的是,压缩机的流量(Durchsatz)被匹配于预设的或可预设的值、也就是说被增加或降低。尤其在燃料电池运行中,可能需要提高流量。在达到提高的温度值时,可又尽可能地减小压缩机的流量。
此外,为了达到确定的提高的温度值,优选的是,将附加质量流与阴极气体质量流混合,直至在车辆内部空间中达到预设的或可预设的提高的温度值。
通过权利要求8的特征存在(Merkmalsbestand)解决涉及车辆的任务。在对此从属的权利要求中说明带有车辆的适宜的改进方案的有利的设计方案。
尤其,通过以下方式通过开头提到的类型的车辆解决该任务,即,在压缩机下游存在引导到车辆内部空间中的、与阴极输送线路流动连接的内部空间线路,以用于将被加热的阴极气体质量流的至少一份额引导到车辆内部空间中。这实现了有效地充分利用在燃料电池系统中总归存在的构件以加热车辆内部空间。此外,可省去构件、如例如PTC加热器,并且如此节省成本和结构空间。
为了控制或为了调整阴极气体质量流的被输送给内部空间的份额,优选的是,内部空间线路关联有控制元件。控制元件优选地可形成为阀或阀片。此外,控制元件优选地可经由控制单元控制。在此,控制单元优选地控制压缩机的流量和/或阴极气体质量流到内部空间线路中的份额和/或阴极气体质量流到阴极输送线路中的份额。
为了可更好地在车辆内部空间中调整或达到预设的或可预设的提高的温度值,优选的是,存在空气输送线路,其与内部空间线路流动连接,并且其设计成,为阴极气体质量流的份额混入来自周围环境空气的附加质量流。在一种有利的实施方式中,借助于控制单元控制在混合时阴极气体质量流的部分。
附图说明
从权利要求、优选的实施方式的随后的描述以及根据图纸得出本发明的另外的优点、特征和细节。其中:
图1示出了用于提升在车辆内部空间中的温度的用于车辆的燃料电池系统的示意图。
附图标记列表
1 燃料电池系统
2 燃料电池堆
3 压缩机
4 阴极输送线路
5 内部空间线路
6 控制元件
7 空气输送线路
8 阴极室
9 第一调整元件
10 加湿器
11 阴极离开侧
12 第二调整元件
13 导出线路
14 废气线路
15 系统旁路线路
16 旁路调整元件
17 电池
18 控制单元
19 阳极室
20 阳极输送线路
21 阳极废气线路
22 驱动器件。
具体实施方式
图1示出了用于车辆的燃料电池系统1,其中,燃料电池系统1适合用于将车辆内部空间的温度从低的温度值提升到提高的温度值并且用于驱动车辆。在此,燃料电池系统1具有燃料电池堆2,其阴极室在阴极进入侧8可借助于形成为第一阻断阀(Absperrventil)的第一调整元件9封闭并且经由阴极输送线路4与加湿器10相连接。阴极室在阴极离开侧11可借助于形成为第二阻断阀的第二调整元件12封闭并且经由导出线路13与加湿器10相连接。此外,燃料电池系统1包括可经由驱动器件22驱动的压缩机3,通过压缩机3可将干燥的阴极气体作为阴极气体质量流输送给加湿器10。此外,加湿器10关联有废气线路14,其中,在加湿器10和压缩机3之间的阴极输送线路4经由系统旁路线路15与废气线路14相连接。系统旁路线路15关联有可调整的或可调节的旁路调整元件16,其如此设计成具有在5%和40%之间的、尤其在10%和30%之间的打开程度。旁路调整元件16在此形成为旁路阀并且与控制单元18无线地或者有线地相连接。最终,设置有电池17,其除了燃料电池系统1之外以能量供给车辆。
在压缩机3下游存在引导到车辆内部空间中的、与阴极输送线路4流动连接的内部空间线路5,以用于将通过压缩机3压缩的且由此被加热的阴极气体质量流的至少一份额输送到车辆内部空间中。在此,内部空间线路5关联有形成为阀的控制元件6,其与控制单元18无线地或者有线地相连接,以用于控制或调整阴极气体质量流的被输送给车辆内部空间的份额。
在阳极侧19,燃料电池堆2关联有用于输送燃料的阳极输送线路20和用于导出未反应的燃料的阳极废气线路21。
为了能够在车辆内部空间中更好地调整或实现预设的或可预设的提高的温度值,此外设置有与内部空间线路5流动连接的空气输送线路7,其设计成,为阴极气体质量流的份额混入来自周围环境空气的附加质量流。
用于利用上面描述的装置提升车辆的车辆内部空间的温度的方法在此包括以下步骤:首先,开始车辆的电池运行,在其中,仅仅借助于电池17实现车辆的能量供给。在电池运行中,不将燃料输送给燃料电池系统1。如果在车辆内部空间中的温度不相应于预设的或可预设的提高的温度值,则借助于电池17使压缩机3运行。阴极气体借助于未示出的吸入器件吸入并且借助于压缩机3压缩并且如此加热。如此加热的阴极气体质量流的至少一份额经由内部空间线路5被引导到车辆内部空间中并且如此提高车辆内部空间的温度。此外,根据需要将周围环境空气吸入到空气输送线路7中并且在内部空间线路5中混合到阴极气体质量流中,以便能够更好地和/或更准确地实现预设的温度值。进行阴极气体质量流的输送,直至例如通过停止车辆或通过开始燃料电池运行结束电池运行,或者直至达到预设的或可预设的提高的温度值。
在另一步骤中,为了能够利用车辆行驶,通过将燃料输送到阳极室19处并且将阴极气体质量流的至少另一部分输送到阴极室8处,开始燃料电池运行。如果在车辆内部空间中存在的温度不相应于预设的或可预设的提高的温度值,则经由内部空间线路5将阴极气体质量流的份额从压缩机3引导到车辆内部空间中,而将阴极气体质量流的另一部分引导到燃料电池堆2的阴极室8中。在此,阴极气体质量流的另一部分经由加湿器10被导引、在那里被加湿并且紧接着被引导到燃料电池堆2的阴极室8处。在此,阴极气体质量流的另一部分与阴极气体质量流的被输送给车辆内部空间的份额互补。就此而言,可需要的是,提高压缩机3的流量并且在达到提高的温度值时又降低其。
在此,又实现阴极气体质量流到车辆内部空间中的输送,直至燃料电池运行结束,或者直至达到预设的或可预设的提高的温度值。优选地,通过中断燃料的输送结束燃料电池运行。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于将车辆的车辆内部空间的温度从低的温度值提升到提高的温度值的方法,其中,所述车辆具有燃料电池系统(1),所述燃料电池系统带有燃料电池堆(2)以及带有在阴极侧与所述燃料电池堆(2)相连接的压缩机(3),所述方法包括步骤:借助于所述压缩机(3)吸入阴极气体,以及压缩并加热被吸入的阴极气体,其特征在于,
将被加热的阴极气体的阴极气体质量流的至少一份额引导到所述车辆内部空间中,并且将所述车辆内部空间的温度提升到所述提高的温度值。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,将所述阴极气体质量流引导到所述车辆内部空间中,仅仅直至达到预设的或可预设的提高的温度值。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,
- 开始电池运行,在其中仅仅借助于电池进行所述车辆的能量供给,以及
- 借助于所述电池使所述压缩机(3)运行。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,通过在阳极侧将燃料并且在阴极侧将阴极气体质量流的至少另一部分输送至所述燃料电池堆(2),开始燃料电池运行。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的方法,其特征在于,一旦结束所述电池运行或所述燃料电池运行,不再将所述阴极气体质量流引导到所述车辆内部空间中。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述阴极气体质量流的另一部分与所述阴极气体质量流的被输送给所述车辆内部空间的份额互补。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,将附加质量流与所述阴极气体质量流混合,直至在所述车辆内部空间中达到预设的或可预设的提高的温度值。
8.一种用于执行根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法的车辆,所述车辆带有电池(17)、带有具有燃料电池堆(2)的燃料电池系统(1)以及带有在阴极侧经由阴极输送线路(4)与所述燃料电池堆(2)流动连接的压缩机(3),其特征在于,在所述压缩机(3)下游存在引导到车辆内部空间中的、与所述阴极输送线路(4)流动连接的内部空间线路(5),以用于将被加热的阴极气体质量流的至少一份额输送到所述车辆内部空间中。
9.根据权利要求8所述的车辆,其特征在于,所述内部空间线路(5)关联有控制元件(6),以用于控制或调整所述阴极气体质量流的被输送给所述内部空间的份额。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的车辆,其特征在于,存在空气输送线路(7),其与所述内部空间线路(5)流动连接,并且其设计成,为阴极气体质量流的份额混入来自周围环境空气的附加质量流。
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