CN110361752A - A kind of moving target motion feature measurement method based on difference interference - Google Patents
A kind of moving target motion feature measurement method based on difference interference Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/50—Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/50—Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target
- G01S17/58—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/484—Transmitters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/486—Receivers
- G01S7/487—Extracting wanted echo signals, e.g. pulse detection
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- Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of moving target motion feature measurement methods of difference interference, are related to a kind of novel laser measuring technique.More longitudinal mode pulse lasers that this method is locked using a kind of longitudinal mode frequency are as detection laser, the single-frequency laser of a kind of frequency and more longitudinal mode pulse laser mutually lockings is as local reference laser, signal pick-up probe of the photodetector in a broadband as difference interference.Using the heterodyne interference signal of the scattering laser obtained after more longitudinal mode pulsed laser irradiation moving targets to be measured and local continuous wave single frequency laser, the micro-doppler information that echo-signal carries is obtained in real time, and thus obtain the micromotion feature of object to be measured.Technology of the present invention has the characteristics that measuring speed is fast, precision is high, detectable distance is remote, reliable performance, can be widely applied for all kinds of moving target pattern measurements.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of novel laser measuring technique more particularly to a kind of moving target fortune based on difference interference
Dynamic pattern measurement method.
Background technique
Rapid development has been obtained for the laser measuring technique of moving target, relevant technology includes to moving target
Distance, coordinate, shape, movement velocity etc. measurement, wherein the measurement for velocity to moving target often utilizes laser frequency
Variable quantity carries out.It is led when measuring between main body and target to be measured there are when relative motion from measurement according to doppler principle
Body transmitting goes to the laser beam of target to be measured after being irradiated to target to be measured, and part is reflected or scatters and returns to measurement master
It among optical receiving system where body, and is converged on the photodetector of photoelectric conversion, is received by optical receiving system
The reflection of collection or scattering light will carry the doppler information comprising velocity to moving target characteristic.If on photodetector simultaneously
Apply a referential laser, then will generate heterodyne interference signal between echo laser and reference laser.The spy of rational design
Valuable target Doppler signal will be provided with reference laser and corresponding photoelectric conversion detector by surveying laser, and how general this is
Strangling signal will be helpful to the motion feature of resolution target.
Conventional laser active illumination target signature resolution techniques are the relevant detection skills based on the irradiation of continuous single-frequency laser
Art.By optical telescope system to objective emission, the fraction of laser light for being irradiated to target is scattered a branch of continuous wave single frequency laser,
Sub-fraction can be collected by signal receiving optics in the laser signal of scattering.The signal and local single-frequency laser (this reference
Number) the relevant detection of heterodyne is carried out, the Doppler shift information in target echo can be extracted accordingly, and the thus fortune of resolution target
Dynamic feature.This kind of technology has been widely used for the tachometric survey of various targets at present, such as automobile, air speed even air stream
Dynamic tachometric survey is also applied to the vibration survey of various occasions, as the laser of long distance is monitored.
But there is more office in the conventional coherent detection technology based on the irradiation of continuous single-frequency laser in some applications
Limit.When the speed of moving target to be measured is very big, the Doppler frequency shift amount that exploring laser light carries will be become very large, this is for light
The Electric signal processing bandwidth of electric explorer and its rear end all brings great challenge, and excessive bandwidth is even more so that heterodyne is dry
The system of relating to can not work normally.In addition, there are certain difficulties for the laser power amplification of continuous single-frequency laser, when efficient
When optical fiber laser is used for laser power amplification, maximum continuous laser power limited is in the excited Brillouin of fiber optic materials
The threshold value of scattering, farthest measurement distance is by larger restriction when this makes laser measurement.
If being directed to the measurement of moving target, it is intended merely to the micro- fortune for measuring moving target to be measured relative to its mass centre
Dynamic state feature, then the difference interference technology using a kind of more longitudinal mode pulse laser irradiations can be considered in we.At this moment, it uses
It is significant that more longitudinal mode pulse lasers of pulsed operation replace the single-frequency laser of continuous wave work to have as detection laser
The advantages of.First, for the target of high-speed motion, there are the Doppler frequency shift of big magnitude, the rotation of high-speed moving object itself,
Micro-doppler frequency shift signal caused by vibration, precession etc. move, will unworthily move among the Doppler frequency shift of big magnitude, it is therefore necessary to
The doppler shifted signal for eliminating big magnitude, significantly reduces the reception bandwidth of signal processing system, is just able to achieve for micro- how general
Strangle the detection of signal.The elimination of big magnitude doppler shifted signal is generally realized by the optics shift frequency of local signal, appropriate to control
Local single-frequency laser after shift frequency processed with heterodyne processing is done by the echo-signal after target modulation, be possible to the how general of high frequency
It strangles signal and moves on to low frequency range, on condition that needing to be grasped the velocity information of high-speed moving object.It is real in the short time in practical operation
Now the stabilization frequency displacement of local single-frequency intrinsic laser has very big difficulty, and there are larger queries for technical feasibility.Unlike this,
It actually include numerous laser longitudinal modules of more longitudinal mode pulse lasers when irradiating target using mode-locked laser, in echo-signal, this
Difference interference can all occur with local single-frequency laser for a little laser longitudinal modules, therefore the doppler shifted signal of big magnitude can't be led
Cause the generation of heterodyne signal medium-high frequency amount.At this moment, in heterodyne signal, the high-frequency signal of maximum bandwidth is still limited by more longitudinal mode arteries and veins
The pulse width and pulse recurrence frequency of laser pulse itself are rushed, this will bring great convenience to the processing of heterodyne signal.
Second, the power amplification ability of single-frequency continuous laser is significantly restricted, limits the target range that can be detected.And more longitudinal mode pulses
The energy of laser is concentrated in time, and signal-to-noise ratio is high, is conducive to target acquisition, meanwhile, the amplification of more longitudinal mode pulse lasers
It more easily realizes, higher laser peak power can be obtained.Therefore also it is more conducive to the detection of distant object.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is the motion feature measurement for long distance high-speed moving object, is proposed a kind of using longitudinal mode frequency
Laser heterodyne interference method of more longitudinal mode pulse lasers as exploring laser light of rate locking can be included in real time accordingly
The micro-doppler information of moving target motion feature.Method of the invention allows relevant measurement quick, real-time and real
The purpose of existing distance measuring.The difference interference measuring method have measuring speed is fast, precision is high, distance is remote, system structure is compact,
The good feature of reliable performance, environmental stability, can be widely applied in all kinds of moving target pattern measurements.
The technical scheme is that be accomplished by the following way: a kind of moving target motion feature survey of difference interference
The laser pulse of amount method, more longitudinal mode pulse lasers and single-frequency laser frequency mutually locking, more longitudinal mode pulse lasers passes through
Subsequent laser power amplifier amplifying power is crossed, amplified multilongitudianl-mode laser pulse directive after optical system moves mesh
Mark, the fraction of laser light pulse reflected or scattered through moving target is collected by optical system, and is focused on photodetector, single-frequency
The part single-frequency laser of laser is incident on photodetector, by photodetector multilongitudianl-mode laser pulse and list
Frequency laser carries out difference interference, exports the micro-doppler information of moving target motion feature, then by signal processing system through Fu
In leaf transformation handle, obtain the motion feature of moving target.
Further, more longitudinal mode pulse lasers swash for the solid state laser or optical fiber of active mode locking or passive mode-locking
Light device, wave-length coverage are 1.02 μm -1.12 μm or 1.53 μm -1.65 μm or 1.9 μm -2.1 μm.
Further, more longitudinal mode pulse lasers are a kind of more longitudinal mode pulse lasers of acousto-optic frequency translation, wavelength
Range is 1.02 μm -1.12 μm or 1.53 μm -1.65 μm or 1.9 μm -2.1 μm.
Further, between 100fs-100ns, pulse recurrence frequency exists the pulsewidth of more longitudinal mode pulse lasers
Between 100kHz to 5GHz.
Further, the single-frequency laser is a kind of semiconductor laser of continuous wave single frequency work, solid state laser
Or optical fiber laser, the wave-length coverage of the single-frequency laser and the wave-length coverage of more longitudinal mode pulse lasers match, laser
The longitudinal mode mutually locking of frequency and more longitudinal mode pulse lasers.
Further, the laser power amplifier is the laser power amplifier of a kind of solid or optical fiber, the laser
Power amplifier gain characteristic and the pulse working laser wavelength of more longitudinal mode pulse lasers match.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: firstly, to solve present laser heterodyne dry for the program
It relates in technology, the micromotion that the laser heterodyne interference technology based on continuous wave single frequency laser is unable to measure high-speed moving object is special
The technical difficulty of sign.This programme more longitudinal mode pulse lasers and stable single-frequency laser interference stable using longitudinal wave, so that mostly vertical
Mould laser pulse is in the target for being irradiated to high-speed motion, since high-speed motion generates large-scale Doppler shift, although drawing
It plays multilongitudianl-mode laser pulse laser frequency and larger frequency displacement occurs, but more longitudinal mode pulse lasers remain to be done with single-frequency laser
It relates to, and has the characteristics that measuring speed is fast, precision is high, distance is remote, system structure is compact, reliable performance, environmental stability are good,
The new pattern laser heterodyne interferometry system constructed accordingly can be efficiently applied to the measurement for all kinds of moving target features.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the laser heterodyne interference Method And Principle schematic diagram of the more longitudinal mode pulse lasers of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The embodiment of the invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the laser heterodyne interference Method And Principle schematic diagram of the more longitudinal mode pulse lasers of the present invention, and one kind is based on mostly vertical
The moving target motion feature measurement method of mould pulse laser and single-frequency laser difference interference passes through a kind of the mostly vertical of Frequency Locking
Mode pulsed laser 1 is used as detection laser pulse, a kind of single-frequency laser of frequency and more 1 mutually lockings of longitudinal mode pulse laser
Device 2 is as local reference laser, signal pick-up probe of the photodetector 6 in a broadband as difference interference.One
More longitudinal mode pulse lasers 1 of a longitudinal mode frequency locking and the 2 frequency mutually locking of single-frequency laser of continuous wave work are more
The laser pulse of longitudinal mode pulse laser 1 passes through subsequent 3 amplifying power of laser power amplifier, amplified multilongitudianl-mode laser
Pulse directive moving target 5 after optical system 4, the fraction of laser light pulse reflected or scattered through moving target 5 is by optical system
System 4 is collected, and is focused in photodetector 6.The fraction of laser light of the laser 2 of continuous wave single frequency work, is incident on light
On electric explorer 6, the multilongitudianl-mode laser pulse on photodetector 6 is subjected to difference interference, output movement mesh with single-frequency laser
The micro-doppler information of motion feature is marked, then is fourier transformed processing by signal processing system (7), obtains moving target
Motion feature.
A kind of more longitudinal mode pulse lasers 1 of Frequency Locking, the solid state laser or optical fiber that can be mode locking swash
Light device, wave-length coverage be 1.02 μm -1.12 μm or 1.53 μm -1.65 μm or 1.9 μm -2.1 μm, the longitudinal mode of mode-locked laser with
As 2 mutually locking of continuous wave single frequency laser of reference laser, pulsewidth is between 100fs-100ns, pulse recurrence frequency
Between 100kHz-5GHz.
A kind of more longitudinal mode pulse lasers 1 of Frequency Locking, can be the solid state laser or light of acousto-optic frequency translation
Fibre laser, wavelength may be at 1.02 μm -1.12 μm or 1.53 μm -1.65 μm or 1.9 μm -2.1 μm, acousto-optic frequency translation laser
The longitudinal mode of device and the continuous wave single frequency laser mutually locking as reference laser, pulsewidth is between 100ps-100ns, pulse
Repetition rate is between 100kHz-5GHz.
The continuous wave single frequency laser 2 can be semiconductor laser, the solid state laser of continuous wave single frequency work
Or optical fiber laser, wave-length coverage match with mode-locked laser, the longitudinal mode phase of laser frequency and more longitudinal mode pulse lasers
Mutually locking.
The laser power amplifier 3 is the laser power amplifier of a kind of solid or optical fiber, gain characteristic and more
The pulse working laser wavelength of longitudinal mode pulse laser matches.
The optical system 4 is a kind of conventional optical telescope, can emit laser or receive laser echo signal.
The target 5 is moving target to be detected.
The photodetector 6 is a kind of photodetector with large bandwidth, spectral response range with it is mostly vertical
The operation wavelength of mode pulsed laser is adapted, and bandwidth meets the quick sound for more longitudinal mode pulse laser pulse widths
It answers.
The signal processing system 7 is a kind of electrical signal processing system with large bandwidth, can real-time sampling from
The heterodyne interference signal that photodetector 6 exports, and there is corresponding spectrum analysis function.
The method of the difference interference measuring moving target motion feature be can be widely applied for into remote satellite, guided missile
The capture of motion state, with measuring speed is fast, precision is high, distance is remote, system structure is compact, reliable performance, environmental stability
Good feature, the new pattern laser heterodyne interferometry system constructed accordingly can be efficiently applied to for all kinds of moving target features
Measurement.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of moving target motion feature measurement method of difference interference, which is characterized in that more longitudinal mode pulse lasers (1) with
The laser pulse of single-frequency laser (2) frequency mutually locking, more longitudinal mode pulse lasers (1) amplifies by subsequent laser power
Device (3) amplifying power, amplified multilongitudianl-mode laser pulse directive moving target (5) after optical system (4), through moving mesh
The fraction of laser light pulse for marking (5) reflection or scattering is collected by optical system (4), and is focused on photodetector (6), and single-frequency swashs
The part single-frequency laser of light device (2) is incident on photodetector (6), by the multilongitudianl-mode laser on photodetector (6)
Pulse and single-frequency laser carry out difference interference, export the micro-doppler information of moving target motion feature, then pass through signal processing
System (7) is fourier transformed processing, obtains the motion feature of moving target.
2. measurement method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that more longitudinal mode pulse lasers (1) are actively to lock
The solid state laser or optical fiber laser of mould or passive mode-locking, wave-length coverage are 1.02 μm -1.12 μm or 1.53 μm -1.65 μm
Or 1.9 μm -2.1 μm.
3. measurement method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that more longitudinal mode pulse lasers (1) are a kind of sound
More longitudinal mode pulse lasers of light shift frequency, wave-length coverage are 1.02 μm -1.12 μm or 1.53 μm -1.65 μm or 1.9 μm of -2.1 μ
m。
4. measurement method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the pulsewidth of more longitudinal mode pulse lasers (1) exists
Between 100fs-100ns, pulse recurrence frequency is between 100kHz to 5GHz.
5. measurement method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the single-frequency laser (2) is a kind of continuous wave list
Semiconductor laser, solid state laser or the optical fiber laser of frequency work, the wave-length coverage of the single-frequency laser (2) with it is mostly vertical
The wave-length coverage of mode pulsed laser (1) matches, the longitudinal mode mutually locking of laser frequency and more longitudinal mode pulse lasers (1).
6. measurement method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the laser power amplifier (3) is a kind of solid
Or the laser power amplifier of optical fiber, the arteries and veins of laser power amplifier (3) gain characteristic and more longitudinal mode pulse lasers (1)
Working laser wavelength is rushed to match.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2791818C1 (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2023-03-13 | Дмитрий Анатольевич Дрынкин | Method for detecting vibrating objects based on analysis of an interference pattern obtained using heterodyne laser ranging stations |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| RU2791818C1 (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2023-03-13 | Дмитрий Анатольевич Дрынкин | Method for detecting vibrating objects based on analysis of an interference pattern obtained using heterodyne laser ranging stations |
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