CN116609796B - Water vapor coherent differential absorption laser radar system - Google Patents
Water vapor coherent differential absorption laser radar system Download PDFInfo
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- CN116609796B CN116609796B CN202310895094.2A CN202310895094A CN116609796B CN 116609796 B CN116609796 B CN 116609796B CN 202310895094 A CN202310895094 A CN 202310895094A CN 116609796 B CN116609796 B CN 116609796B
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 28
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000035559 beat frequency Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005436 troposphere Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/95—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/4802—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
- G01S7/4811—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements common to transmitter and receiver
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
- G01S7/4817—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements relating to scanning
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
- G01S7/4818—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements using optical fibres
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/495—Counter-measures or counter-counter-measures using electronic or electro-optical means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
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- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
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- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a vapor coherent differential absorption laser radar system, which relates to the technical field of remote sensing, wherein ON wavelength laser generated by a frequency stabilization laser module and OFF wavelength laser generated by a first seed laser are transmitted to a switching module to be subjected to time domain modulation to obtain an output signal, the output signal is amplified by a first amplifying module so that the amplified output signal is decomposed into corresponding local oscillation light and a main signal by a first coupler, the main signal is transmitted to an optical transceiver module after being modulated by a pulse modulator and amplified by a second amplifying module to obtain preset modulated backward scattering light, the preset modulated backward scattering light is transmitted to a second coupler and is subjected to coherent coupling and equipartition with the local oscillation light, and the obtained data is transmitted to a data analysis module after the beat frequency of a first balance detector to be subjected to data analysis, so that the vapor concentration and radial wind speed of the environment of the ON wavelength laser and the OFF wavelength laser in the propagation process are accurately obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of remote sensing, in particular to a water vapor coherent differential absorption laser radar system.
Background
Steam is an important atmospheric molecule because it is a natural greenhouse gas and also a source of clouds and precipitation. The water vapor of the troposphere affects the growth of clouds, resulting in localized heavy rainfall. In order to predict such rainfall as early as possible, remote sensing methods have been studied to analyze the water vapor concentration in the atmosphere, i.e., the water vapor concentration. Such remote sensing techniques include microwave radiometry and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR, fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy), but in the prior art, after the two remote sensing techniques are adopted, the acquisition of the water vapor concentration is limited by application scenes, and the method is mainly used in the daytime when sunlight exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a water vapor coherent differential absorption laser radar system which can accurately obtain the water vapor concentration and the radial wind speed of an environment in which ON wavelength laser and OFF wavelength laser are in a propagation process.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a water vapor coherent differential absorption laser radar system, which comprises:
a frequency stabilized laser module and a first seed laser generating OFF wavelength laser;
the switching module is used for receiving the ON wavelength laser generated by the frequency stabilization laser module and the OFF wavelength laser generated by the seed laser, and carrying out time domain modulation ON the ON wavelength laser and the OFF wavelength laser so as to alternately output the ON wavelength laser and the OFF wavelength laser to obtain corresponding output signals;
the first amplifying module is used for receiving the output signal and amplifying the output signal;
the first coupler is used for receiving the amplified output signal and decomposing the amplified output signal into corresponding local oscillation light and a main signal;
the pulse modulator is used for receiving the main signal and carrying out pulse modulation on the main signal;
the second amplifying module is used for amplifying the main signal after pulse modulation;
the optical transceiver module is used for receiving the amplified and pulse modulated main signal, and making the amplified and pulse modulated main signal incident into the atmosphere to form back scattered light, carrying out preset modulation on the back scattered light, and transmitting the back scattered light after preset modulation to the second coupler;
the second coupler is configured to receive the local oscillation light and the preset modulated back-scattered light, coherently couple the local oscillation light and the preset modulated back-scattered light, and equally divide the coherently coupled light to obtain first coupled light;
the first balance detector is used for beating the first coupling light and transmitting a first electric signal after beating to the data analysis module;
the data analysis module is used for carrying out data analysis ON the first electric signal so as to obtain the water vapor concentration and the radial wind speed of the environment of the ON wavelength laser and the OFF wavelength laser in the propagation process.
Optionally, the frequency stabilization laser module includes:
the reference laser module is used for generating reference laser corresponding to the ON wavelength laser;
the second seed laser is used for generating laser with the ON wavelength to be locked;
the third coupler is used for receiving the laser with the ON wavelength to be locked, decomposing the laser with the ON wavelength to be locked into first laser and second laser according to a preset proportion, transmitting the first laser to the fourth coupler, and transmitting the second laser as the laser with the ON wavelength to the switching module, wherein the wavelengths of the first laser and the second laser are the same;
the fourth coupler is configured to receive the reference laser and the first laser, coherently couple the reference laser and the first laser, and equally divide the coupled light after coherent coupling to obtain second coupled light;
the second balance detector is used for beating the second coupling light to obtain a second electric signal after beating;
and the frequency deviation locking circuit is used for obtaining the wavelength difference value of the reference laser and the first laser based ON the second electric signal, and carrying out feedback adjustment ON the second seed laser based ON the wavelength difference value so as to lock the laser generated by the second seed laser at the ON wavelength of the water vapor absorption peak value.
Optionally, the reference laser module includes:
a third seed laser for generating an initial laser;
a fifth coupler for receiving the initial laser transmitted by the third seed laser, decomposing the initial laser into a third laser and a fourth laser according to the preset proportion, transmitting the third laser to an HCN gas absorption cell, and transmitting the fourth laser as the reference laser to the fourth coupler, wherein the wavelength of the third laser is the same as that of the fourth laser;
the HCN gas absorption tank is used for receiving the third laser and absorbing the third laser through the HCN gas of the HCN gas absorption tank;
and the frequency locking circuit is used for acquiring the absorption quantity of the third laser absorbed by the HCN gas, determining the laser wavelength value of the third laser based on the absorption quantity, and carrying out feedback adjustment on the third seed laser through the laser wavelength value of the third laser so as to lock the initial laser generated by the third seed laser at the wavelength value at the HCN absorption peak value.
Optionally, the first amplifying module is a first amplifier, and is configured to receive the output signal, amplify the output signal, and output the amplified output signal to the first coupler.
Optionally, the second amplifying module includes:
the second amplifier is used for amplifying the received pulse-modulated main signal for the first time;
and the third amplifier is used for amplifying the pulse modulated main signal for the second time and transmitting the main signal amplified for the second time to the optical transceiver module.
Optionally, the optical transceiver module includes:
the collimating mirror is used for receiving the amplified and pulse modulated main signal and collimating the amplified and pulse modulated main signal;
the PBS is used for dividing the collimated main signal into orthogonal P polarized light and S polarized light, and transmitting the P polarized light to the quarter wave plate;
the quarter wave plate is used for receiving the P polarized light and outputting the P polarized light to a telescope after rotating the P polarized light by 45 degrees in the polarization direction;
the telescope is used for making the rotated P polarized light incident into the atmosphere to generate corresponding back scattered light in the atmosphere, transmitting the back scattered light to the quarter wave plate, enabling the quarter wave plate to rotate the back scattered light again by 45 degrees in polarization direction, enabling the back scattered light to become S polarized back scattered light, transmitting the S polarized back scattered light to the PBS polarizing prism, and reflecting the S polarized back scattered light to the half wave plate through the PBS polarizing prism;
the half wave plate is used for receiving the S polarized back scattered light and converting the received S polarized back scattered light into orthogonal P polarized back scattered light;
and the focusing lens is used for focusing the orthogonal P polarized back scattered light and transmitting the focused P polarized back scattered light to the second coupler.
Optionally, the data analysis module is specifically configured to:
determining the spectrum information of the back scattered light after the preset modulation through the first electric signal;
determining an offset of a center frequency of the spectrum information;
determining the radial wind speed from the offset;
determining the intensity of the ON wavelength corresponding to the ON wavelength laser after vapor absorption and the intensity of the OFF wavelength corresponding to the OFF wavelength laser after vapor absorption according to the signal after beat frequency;
the water vapor concentration of the environment of the ON wavelength laser and the OFF wavelength laser during propagation is determined based ON the intensity of the ON wavelength and the intensity of the OFF wavelength.
The invention aims to provide a water vapor coherent differential absorption laser radar system, which is characterized in that ON wavelength laser generated by a frequency stabilization laser module and OFF wavelength laser generated by a first seed laser are transmitted to a switching module to be subjected to time domain modulation to obtain an output signal, the output signal is amplified by a first amplifying module so that the amplified output signal is decomposed into corresponding local oscillation light and a main signal by a first coupler, the main signal is transmitted to an optical transceiver module after being modulated by a pulse modulator and amplified by a second amplifying module to obtain preset modulated back scattering light, the preset modulated back scattering light is transmitted to a second coupler and is subjected to coherent coupling and equipartition with the local oscillation light, and the back scattering light is transmitted to a data analysis module to be subjected to data analysis after being subjected to beat frequency of a first balance detector, so that the water vapor concentration and the radial wind speed of the environment of the ON wavelength laser and the OFF wavelength laser in the propagation process are accurately obtained.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a vapor coherent differential absorption lidar system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another vapor coherent differential absorption lidar system according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a frequency stabilized laser module provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The core of the invention is to provide a vapor coherent differential absorption laser radar system, which accurately obtains the vapor concentration and radial wind speed of the environment of the ON wavelength laser and the OFF wavelength laser in the propagation process.
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vapor coherent differential absorption lidar system according to the present invention. The system comprises:
in order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a water vapor coherent differential absorption laser radar system, which comprises:
a frequency stabilized laser module 1 and a first seed laser 2 for generating OFF wavelength laser light;
the switching module 3 is used for receiving the ON wavelength laser generated by the frequency stabilization laser module 1 and the OFF wavelength laser generated by the seed laser, and performing time domain modulation ON the ON wavelength laser and the OFF wavelength laser so as to alternately output the ON wavelength laser and the OFF wavelength laser to obtain corresponding output signals;
in the invention, the switching module 3 receives the ON wavelength laser generated by the frequency stabilization laser module 1 and the OFF wavelength laser generated by the seed laser, and carries out time sequence modulation ON the wavelengths of the two lasers, alternately emits the ON wavelength laser and the OFF wavelength laser, and accurately obtains the output signal after time domain modulation.
The switching module 3 may be an optical switch, where the optical switch realizes wavelength switching by repeating the switching operation, and when the optical switch is turned ON, N ON wavelength pulses are continuously output, and when the optical switch is turned OFF, N OFF wavelength pulses are continuously output. The value of N can be selected according to actual conditions, the influence of the optical switch oscillation can be introduced when the value of N is too small, and the error of atmospheric turbulence can be introduced when the value of N is too large.
The ON wavelength laser and the OFF wavelength laser are both single-mode P polarized light.
A first amplifying module 4 for receiving the output signal and amplifying the output signal;
in the present invention, the purpose of the first amplifying module 4 is to successfully decompose the output signal into the corresponding local oscillation light and the main signal, so that the output signal is amplified first, and the stability of the local oscillation light split by the first coupler 5 is improved through the power amplification at the position, and the final output power of the system is improved.
The first coupler 5 is used for receiving the amplified output signal and decomposing the amplified output signal into corresponding local oscillation light and a main signal;
in the invention, the first coupler 5 is arranged to accurately decompose the received amplified output signal into the corresponding local oscillation light and the main signal, thereby ensuring the integrity of the scheme.
A pulse modulator 6 for receiving the main signal and pulse-modulating the main signal;
in the invention, the received main signal is subjected to pulse modulation through the pulse modulator 6, so that accurate back scattered light can be obtained conveniently.
The pulse modulator 6 modulates the input main signal continuous light into pulse light so as to perform distance resolution measurement and acquire a water vapor concentration profile.
A second amplifying module 7 for amplifying the pulse modulated main signal;
in the invention, the second amplifying module 7 is used for amplifying the main signal after pulse modulation, and the final output power of the system is improved through the power amplification at the position, so that higher and more stable back scattered light can be obtained.
The optical transceiver module 8 is configured to receive the amplified and pulse modulated main signal, and to make the amplified and pulse modulated main signal incident into the atmosphere to form back-scattered light, and to perform preset modulation on the back-scattered light, and to transmit the preset modulated back-scattered light to the second coupler 9;
in the invention, the amplified and pulse modulated main signal is incident into the atmosphere through the optical transceiver module 8 to form corresponding back scattered light, the back scattered light is subjected to preset modulation, the preset modulated back scattered light is transmitted to the second coupler 9, the amplified and pulse modulated main signal is accurately incident into the atmosphere and the atmospheric echo is received, the measurement blind area of the equipment can be greatly reduced, and the reliability and accuracy of the scheme are improved.
The invention adopts PBS (polarization beam splitter prism, polarization Beamsplitter) to carry out laser emission and echo signal receiving, and the reflected signal of the end face of the laser optical fiber cannot enter the second coupler 9, so that the measurement blind area is effectively reduced.
A second coupler 9, configured to receive the local oscillation light and the preset modulated back-scattered light, coherently couple the local oscillation light and the preset modulated back-scattered light, and equally divide the coherently coupled light to obtain first coupled light;
in the invention, the second coupler 9 is used for receiving the local oscillation light and the preset modulated back scattering light, carrying out coherent coupling on the local oscillation light and the preset modulated back scattering light, and finally equally dividing the coupled light after coherent coupling to accurately obtain the first coupling light, thereby being convenient for subsequent data analysis.
The second coupler 9 is a 2×2 fiber coupler.
The first balance detector 10 is configured to beat the first coupled light, and transmit the first electric signal after the beat to the data analysis module 11;
in the invention, the first balance detector 10 is used for performing photoelectric information conversion, performing beat frequency on the first coupling light, and transmitting the first electric signal after the beat frequency to the data analysis module 11, so that the analysis condition of the data analysis module 11 is met, and the reliability of the scheme is ensured.
The data analysis module 11 is configured to perform data analysis ON the first electrical signal to obtain the water vapor concentration and the radial wind speed of the environment during the propagation process of the ON wavelength laser and the OFF wavelength laser.
In the invention, the data analysis module 11 is used for carrying out data analysis ON the first electric signal, so that the water vapor concentration and the radial wind speed of the environment in the propagation process of the ON wavelength laser and the OFF wavelength laser are accurately obtained.
The purpose of this embodiment is to provide a vapor coherent differential absorption laser radar system, which transmits the ON wavelength laser generated by the frequency stabilization laser module 1 and the OFF wavelength laser generated by the first seed laser 2 to the switching module 3 to perform time domain modulation and obtain an output signal, and amplifies the output signal by the first amplifying module 4, so that the first coupler 5 decomposes the amplified output signal into corresponding local oscillation light and a main signal, and transmits the main signal to the optical transceiver module 8 after modulation by the pulse modulator 6 and amplification by the second amplifying module 7 to obtain preset modulated back scattering light, and transmits the preset modulated back scattering light to the second coupler 9 to perform coherent coupling and average division with the local oscillation light, and then transmits the back scattering light to the data analysis module 11 after the beat frequency of the first balance detector 10 to perform data analysis, so as to accurately obtain the vapor concentration and radial wind speed of the environment of the ON wavelength laser and the OFF wavelength laser in the propagation process.
Based on the above embodiments:
referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another vapor coherent differential absorption lidar system according to the present invention. As an alternative embodiment, the frequency stabilized laser module 1 comprises:
a reference laser module 101, configured to generate a reference laser corresponding to the ON wavelength laser;
a second seed laser 102 for generating a laser light of an ON wavelength to be locked;
a third coupler 103, configured to receive the ON wavelength laser to be locked, decompose the ON wavelength laser to be locked into a first laser and a second laser according to a preset proportion, and transmit the first laser to a fourth coupler 104 and the second laser as an ON wavelength laser to be transmitted to the switching module 3, where the wavelengths of the first laser and the second laser are the same;
a fourth coupler 104, configured to receive the reference laser and the first laser, coherently couple the reference laser and the first laser, and equally divide the coupled light after coherent coupling to obtain second coupled light;
a second balance detector 105 for beating the second coupled light to obtain a second electric signal after beating;
the offset frequency locking circuit 106 is configured to obtain a wavelength difference between the reference laser and the first laser based ON the second electrical signal, and perform feedback adjustment ON the second seed laser 102 based ON the wavelength difference, so that the laser generated by the second seed laser 102 is locked at the ON wavelength of the moisture absorption peak.
In the present invention, the purpose of the reference laser module 101 is to generate the reference laser corresponding to the ON wavelength laser, so that the reference laser and the first laser are conveniently locked, the second seed laser 102 generates the ON wavelength laser to be locked, then the second seed laser 102 sends the ON wavelength laser to be locked to the third coupler 103, so that the third coupler 103 decomposes the ON wavelength laser to be locked into the first laser and the second laser according to a preset proportion, and transmits the first laser to the fourth coupler 104 and the second laser as the ON wavelength laser and transmits the ON wavelength laser to the switching module 3, the fourth coupler 104 performs coherent coupling ON the reference laser and the first laser, and equally divides the coupled light after coherent coupling to obtain the second coupled light, then the second coupled light is subjected to beat frequency and converted into the second electric signal by the second balance detector 105, the bias frequency locking circuit 106 analyzes the second electric signal to obtain a wavelength difference value between the reference laser and the first laser, and further performs feedback adjustment ON the second seed laser 102, so that the second seed laser 102 generates the locked peak and the laser can be transmitted to the switching module 3, namely, and the moisture absorption property of the moisture at the ON wavelength of the switching module is guaranteed.
The fourth coupler 104 is a 2×2 fiber coupler.
As an alternative embodiment, referring to the laser module 101, comprising:
a third seed laser 1011 for generating an initial laser light;
a fifth coupler 1012 for receiving the initial laser light transmitted from the third seed laser 1011, decomposing the initial laser light into a third laser light and a fourth laser light according to a predetermined ratio, transmitting the third laser light to the HCN gas absorption cell 1013 and transmitting the fourth laser light as a reference laser light to the fourth coupler 104, the third laser light having the same wavelength as the fourth laser light;
an HCN gas absorption cell 1013 for receiving the third laser light and absorbing the third laser light by its HCN gas;
and a frequency locking circuit 1014 for acquiring the absorption amount of the third laser light absorbed by the HCN gas, determining a laser wavelength value of the third laser light based on the absorption amount, and performing feedback adjustment on the third seed laser 1011 by using the laser wavelength value of the third laser light, so that the initial laser light generated by the third seed laser 1011 is locked at the wavelength value at the HCN absorption peak.
In the present invention, the reference laser module 101 includes a third seed laser 1011, a fifth coupler 1012, an HCN gas absorbing tank 1013 and a frequency locking circuit 1014, the third seed laser 1011 transmits the initial laser generated by itself to the fifth coupler 1012, the initial laser is decomposed into a third laser and a fourth laser according to a second preset ratio under the action of the fifth coupler 1012, the third laser is transmitted to the HCN gas absorbing tank 1013 and the sixth laser is used as the reference laser and transmitted to the fourth coupler 104, the third laser is absorbed by the HCN gas in the HCN gas absorbing tank 1013 after being transmitted to the HCN gas absorbing tank 1013, the frequency locking circuit 1014 obtains the absorption amount of the third laser absorbed by the HCN gas, and at the same time, determines the laser wavelength value of the third laser based on the absorption amount, and modulates the third seed laser 1011 based on the laser wavelength value of the third laser so that the initial laser generated by the third seed laser 1011 is locked at the wavelength value of the HCN absorption peak, thereby completing the modulation of the fourth laser to obtain a more accurate wavelength difference value of the fourth coupler 104.
The structure of the frequency stabilized laser module 1 is shown in fig. 3.
As an alternative embodiment, the first amplifying module 4 is a first amplifier, which is configured to receive the output signal, amplify the output signal, and output the amplified output signal to the first coupler 5.
In the invention, the first amplifying module 4 is a first amplifier, and is configured to receive the output signal, amplify the output signal, and output the amplified output signal to the first coupler 5, so that the size is small and the amplifying capability is strong.
As an alternative embodiment, the second amplifying module 7 comprises:
a second amplifier for amplifying the received pulse modulated main signal for the first time;
and a third amplifier for amplifying the pulse modulated main signal for the second time and transmitting the main signal after the second amplification to the optical transceiver module 8.
In the invention, the second amplifying module 7 comprises a second amplifier and a third amplifier, the second amplifier is used for amplifying the received pulse modulated main signal, outputting the amplified output signal to the third amplifier for second amplification, and transmitting the main signal after the second amplification to the optical transceiver module 8, so that the size is small and the amplifying capability is strong.
As an alternative embodiment, the optical transceiver module 8 comprises:
a collimator 81 for receiving the amplified and pulse modulated main signal and collimating the amplified and pulse modulated main signal;
a PBS polarizing prism 82 for dividing the collimated main signal into orthogonal P-polarized light and S-polarized light, and transmitting the P-polarized light to a quarter wave plate 83;
the quarter wave plate 83 is configured to receive the P-polarized light, and output the P-polarized light to the telescope 84 after rotating the P-polarized light by 45 ° in the polarization direction;
a telescope 84 for inputting the rotated P-polarized light into the atmosphere to generate corresponding back-scattered light in the atmosphere and transmitting the back-scattered light to the quarter wave plate 83, so that the quarter wave plate 83 rotates the back-scattered light again by 45 ° in polarization direction, so that the back-scattered light becomes S-polarized back-scattered light, transmitting the S-polarized back-scattered light to the PBS polarizing prism 82, and reflecting the S-polarized back-scattered light to the half wave plate 85 through the PBS polarizing prism 82;
a half wave plate 85 for receiving the S polarized back scattered light and converting the received S polarized back scattered light into orthogonal P polarized back scattered light;
a focusing lens 86 for focusing the orthogonal P-polarized back-scattered light and transmitting the focused P-polarized back-scattered light to the second coupler 9.
In the present invention, the optical transceiver module 8 includes: the working principle of the whole optical transceiver module 8 is as follows: when the collimating lens 81 receives the main signal, the main signal after amplification and pulse modulation is collimated, the collimated main signal is transmitted to the PBS polarizing prism 82, the collimated main signal is divided into orthogonal P-polarized light and S-polarized light by the PBS polarizing prism 82, the P-polarized light is transmitted to the quarter wave plate 83, after receiving the P-polarized light, rotates the P-polarized light by 45 ° polarization direction and emits the P-polarized light to the telescope 84, the telescope 84 can make the rotated P-polarized light incident into the atmosphere to generate corresponding backscattered light in the atmosphere, and transmits the backscattered light to the quarter wave plate 83, so that the quarter wave plate 83 rotates the backscattered light again by 45 ° polarization direction, the backscattered light becomes S-polarized backscattered light, the S-polarized backscattered light is emitted to the PBS polarizing prism 82, and reflected to the half wave plate 85 by the PBS polarizing prism 82, the S-polarized backscattered light is reflected by the half wave plate 85, the S-polarized light is received by the PBS polarizing prism, the S-polarized light is converted into the P-polarized light by the orthogonal polarization lens, and finally the P-polarized light is coupled to the P-polarized light, and finally the P-polarized light is transmitted to the cross-polarized lens 9.
It should be noted that, the whole process of the preset modulation is: the polarization direction rotated 45 ° by the quarter wave plate 83, the reflection by the PBS polarizing prism 82, the orthogonality of the half wave plate 85, and the focusing operation of the focusing lens 86.
It should be noted that, the optical transceiver module 8 adopts the PBS polarizing prism 82, and its spatial light structure can effectively isolate the interference of the reflection of the fiber end face on the echo signal, so as to greatly reduce the measurement blind area of the device.
As an alternative embodiment, the data analysis module 11 is specifically configured to:
determining spectrum information of the back scattered light after preset modulation through the first electric signal;
determining an offset of a center frequency of the spectrum information;
determining a radial wind speed from the offset;
determining the intensity of the ON wavelength corresponding to the ON wavelength laser after vapor absorption and the intensity of the OFF wavelength corresponding to the OFF wavelength laser after vapor absorption according to the signals after beat frequency;
the water vapor concentration of the environment of the ON wavelength laser and the OFF wavelength laser during propagation is determined based ON the intensity of the ON wavelength and the intensity of the OFF wavelength.
In the invention, the working principle of the data analysis module 11 is as follows: determining spectrum information of the back scattered light after preset modulation through a first electric signal, determining offset of center frequency of the spectrum information, and determining radial wind speed according to the offset; and meanwhile, the intensity of the ON wavelength corresponding to the ON wavelength laser after vapor absorption and the intensity of the OFF wavelength corresponding to the OFF wavelength laser after vapor absorption are determined through signals after beat frequency, and finally, the vapor concentration of the ON wavelength laser and the vapor concentration of the OFF wavelength laser in the environment in the propagation process are determined based ON the intensity of the ON wavelength and the intensity of the OFF wavelength, so that the vapor concentration and the radial wind speed of the ON wavelength laser and the OFF wavelength laser in the environment in the propagation process are accurately obtained.
It should be noted that, the optical transceiver module may further include a servo scanning control unit, where the servo scanning control unit may control the telescope to emit laser at a fixed angle, so as to obtain radial wind speeds in two or more directions, and then combine the radial wind speeds in two or more directions to obtain three-dimensional wind field data (three-dimensional wind field information) by analysis.
It should also be noted that the overall control logic of the present invention is: the ON wavelength laser and the OFF wavelength laser are controlled by the switching module 3 to alternately emit, power amplification is carried out by the optical amplification module (the first amplification module 4, the first coupler 5, the pulse modulator 6 and the second amplification module 7) and local oscillation light is separated, and then linearly polarized light is emitted by the optical transceiver module 8 and is incident into the atmosphere. The laser light propagates forward in the atmosphere while being partially absorbed by the moisture molecules and then backscattered by the aerosol back to the optical transceiver module 8. The echo signal and the local oscillation light output by the optical transceiver module 8 are subjected to beat frequency on the first balance detector 10, and are subjected to data analysis by the data analysis module 11, so that H2O concentration and wind field information are obtained.
It should be noted that, the invention combines the coherent heterodyne and differential absorption principles, and can synchronously obtain radial wind speed information (three-dimensional wind field) while obtaining the water vapor absorption signal (water vapor concentration/water vapor concentration profile), the obtained information is more abundant, and the invention can be used for water vapor flux analysis, and the invention adopts the PBS polarization beam splitter prism to carry out laser emission and echo signal reception, the reflected signal of the end face of the laser optical fiber can not enter the second coupler 9, and the measurement blind area is effectively reduced.
It should be noted that in this specification, relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (6)
1. A vapor coherent differential absorption lidar system, comprising:
a frequency stabilized laser module and a first seed laser generating OFF wavelength laser;
the switching module is used for receiving the ON wavelength laser generated by the frequency stabilization laser module and the OFF wavelength laser generated by the seed laser, and carrying out time domain modulation ON the ON wavelength laser and the OFF wavelength laser so as to alternately output the ON wavelength laser and the OFF wavelength laser to obtain corresponding output signals;
the first amplifying module is used for receiving the output signal and amplifying the output signal;
the first coupler is used for receiving the amplified output signal and decomposing the amplified output signal into corresponding local oscillation light and a main signal;
the pulse modulator is used for receiving the main signal and carrying out pulse modulation on the main signal;
the second amplifying module is used for amplifying the main signal after pulse modulation;
the optical transceiver module is used for receiving the amplified and pulse modulated main signal, and making the amplified and pulse modulated main signal incident into the atmosphere to form back scattered light, carrying out preset modulation on the back scattered light, and transmitting the back scattered light after preset modulation to the second coupler;
the second coupler is configured to receive the local oscillation light and the preset modulated back-scattered light, coherently couple the local oscillation light and the preset modulated back-scattered light, and equally divide the coherently coupled light to obtain first coupled light;
the first balance detector is used for beating the first coupling light and transmitting a first electric signal after beating to the data analysis module;
the data analysis module is used for carrying out data analysis ON the first electric signal to obtain the water vapor concentration and the radial wind speed of the environment of the ON wavelength laser and the OFF wavelength laser in the propagation process;
the frequency stabilized laser module comprises:
the reference laser module is used for generating reference laser corresponding to the ON wavelength laser;
the second seed laser is used for generating laser with the ON wavelength to be locked;
the third coupler is used for receiving the laser with the ON wavelength to be locked, decomposing the laser with the ON wavelength to be locked into first laser and second laser according to a preset proportion, transmitting the first laser to the fourth coupler, and transmitting the second laser as the laser with the ON wavelength to the switching module, wherein the wavelengths of the first laser and the second laser are the same;
the fourth coupler is configured to receive the reference laser and the first laser, coherently couple the reference laser and the first laser, and equally divide the coupled light after coherent coupling to obtain second coupled light;
the second balance detector is used for beating the second coupling light to obtain a second electric signal after beating;
and the frequency deviation locking circuit is used for obtaining the wavelength difference value of the reference laser and the first laser based ON the second electric signal, and carrying out feedback adjustment ON the second seed laser based ON the wavelength difference value so as to lock the laser generated by the second seed laser at the ON wavelength of the water vapor absorption peak value.
2. The vapor coherent differential absorption lidar system of claim 1, wherein the reference laser module comprises:
a third seed laser for generating an initial laser;
a fifth coupler for receiving the initial laser transmitted by the third seed laser, decomposing the initial laser into a third laser and a fourth laser according to the preset proportion, transmitting the third laser to an HCN gas absorption cell, and transmitting the fourth laser as the reference laser to the fourth coupler, wherein the wavelength of the third laser is the same as that of the fourth laser;
the HCN gas absorption tank is used for receiving the third laser and absorbing the third laser through the HCN gas of the HCN gas absorption tank;
and the frequency locking circuit is used for acquiring the absorption quantity of the third laser absorbed by the HCN gas, determining the laser wavelength value of the third laser based on the absorption quantity, and carrying out feedback adjustment on the third seed laser through the laser wavelength value of the third laser so as to lock the initial laser generated by the third seed laser at the wavelength value at the HCN absorption peak value.
3. The vapor coherent differential absorption lidar system of claim 1, wherein the first amplification module is a first amplifier configured to receive the output signal, amplify the output signal, and output the amplified output signal to the first coupler.
4. The vapor coherent differential absorption lidar system of claim 1, wherein the second amplification module comprises:
the second amplifier is used for amplifying the received pulse-modulated main signal for the first time;
and the third amplifier is used for amplifying the pulse modulated main signal for the second time and transmitting the main signal amplified for the second time to the optical transceiver module.
5. The vapor coherent differential absorption lidar system of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the optical transceiver module comprises:
the collimating mirror is used for receiving the amplified and pulse modulated main signal and collimating the amplified and pulse modulated main signal;
the PBS is used for dividing the collimated main signal into orthogonal P polarized light and S polarized light, and transmitting the P polarized light to the quarter wave plate;
the quarter wave plate is used for receiving the P polarized light and outputting the P polarized light to a telescope after rotating the P polarized light by 45 degrees in the polarization direction;
the telescope is used for making the rotated P polarized light incident into the atmosphere to generate corresponding back scattered light in the atmosphere, transmitting the back scattered light to the quarter wave plate, enabling the quarter wave plate to rotate the back scattered light again by 45 degrees in polarization direction, enabling the back scattered light to become S polarized back scattered light, transmitting the S polarized back scattered light to the PBS polarizing prism, and reflecting the S polarized back scattered light to the half wave plate through the PBS polarizing prism;
the half wave plate is used for receiving the S polarized back scattered light and converting the received S polarized back scattered light into orthogonal P polarized back scattered light;
and the focusing lens is used for focusing the orthogonal P polarized back scattered light and transmitting the focused P polarized back scattered light to the second coupler.
6. The vapor coherent differential absorption lidar system of claim 5, wherein the data analysis module is configured to:
determining the spectrum information of the back scattered light after the preset modulation through the first electric signal;
determining an offset of a center frequency of the spectrum information;
determining the radial wind speed from the offset;
determining the intensity of the ON wavelength corresponding to the ON wavelength laser after vapor absorption and the intensity of the OFF wavelength corresponding to the OFF wavelength laser after vapor absorption according to the signal after beat frequency;
the water vapor concentration of the environment of the ON wavelength laser and the OFF wavelength laser during propagation is determined based ON the intensity of the ON wavelength and the intensity of the OFF wavelength.
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| CN118156958B (en) * | 2024-05-10 | 2024-09-06 | 深圳大舜激光技术有限公司 | Wavelength locking optical fiber light source system |
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