CN110358945B - High-hardness alloy forging piece and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-hardness alloy forging piece and a preparation process thereof, and relates to the technical field of metal forging piece processing. The high-hardness alloy forging piece is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: ti: 10.2% -12.4%, Ni: 6.8% -8.2%, C: 5.3% -6.2%, Si: 2.6% -3.8%, Tb: 0.8% -1.4%, Al: 4.6% -5.4%, V: 1.2% -1.6%, Fe: 3.8% -6.4%, Cr: 1.6% -2.3%, W: 0.4-0.8% and the balance of Cu. The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art, adopts a novel alloy formula to match with the steps of forging quenching, cryogenic treatment and the like, improves the strength of the forged piece while ensuring the toughness of the forged piece, further enhances the hardness of the forged piece, improves the application value of the product and enhances the economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal forging processing, in particular to a high-hardness alloy forging and a preparation process thereof.
Background
A forging is an article to which metal is applied with pressure to shape a desired shape or a suitable compressive force by plastic deformation. This force is typically achieved by using a hammer or pressure. The forging process builds a fine grain structure and improves the physical properties of the metal.
Generally, forgings are more ductile, but have less strength than castings on the same formulation compared to castings. And because the requirement of the rapid development of the current metal industrialization on the metal forging is higher, the hardness of the metal forging is required to be improved according to the application range while the strength required by the metal part is ensured, so that the research direction of how to improve the formula and the preparation process of the alloy forging to ensure that the alloy forging has excellent hardness on the basis of ensuring good strength is a great research direction at the present stage.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a high-hardness alloy forging piece and a preparation process thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a high-hardness alloy forging is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: ti: 10.2% -12.4%, Ni: 6.8% -8.2%, C: 5.3% -6.2%, Si: 2.6% -3.8%, Tb: 0.8% -1.4%, Al: 4.6% -5.4%, V: 1.2% -1.6%, Fe: 3.8% -6.4%, Cr: 1.6% -2.3%, W: 0.4-0.8% and the balance of Cu.
The preparation method of the high-hardness alloy forging piece comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing and forging: mixing Ti, Ni, Tb, Al, V, Fe, Cr, W and Cu metal components according to a ratio, and then placing the mixture in a forging furnace for high-temperature forging under the protection of nitrogen to obtain a metal mixture A for later use;
(2) pressure boosting and permeation: adding the metal mixture into powder of C and Si, stirring uniformly at the high temperature of 1000-1100 ℃, and then performing pressure rise and heat preservation permeation to obtain a metal mixture B for later use;
(3) smelting and inoculation: placing the metal mixture B in an electric furnace for 1450-1500 ℃ high-temperature smelting to obtain a metal liquid, adding an inoculant into the metal liquid for heat preservation and inoculation for 2-3h, performing component analysis, and then sufficiently mixing according to component proportion to obtain an original metal liquid for later use;
(4) pouring, leaching and deslagging: slowly pouring the original metal liquid into a ladle, spraying a deslagging agent by using a spray gun in the pouring process, then keeping the temperature and stirring for 25-30min, and deslagging to obtain deslagging metal liquid;
(5) forging and quenching: cooling the deslagging metal liquid to 900-800 ℃ for forging forming, then quenching at 750-800 ℃, rapidly cooling to 400 ℃ for heat preservation for 3-4h, and obtaining a crude forged piece for later use;
(6) cryogenic treatment: slowly tempering the crude product of the forging part to 800 ℃, preserving heat for 20-30min, quickly cooling to 300-400 ℃, continuously preserving heat for 1-2h, cooling the forging part to-60 ℃ -80 ℃ by adopting a cryogenic treatment technology, preserving heat and standing for 15-20min to obtain a cold-treated forging part for later use;
(7) surface treatment: and slowly heating the cold-treated forging piece to the temperature of 200-250 ℃, preserving heat for 20-30min, then quickly cooling to room temperature, and polishing the surface to obtain the high-hardness alloy forging piece.
Preferably, the temperature for high-temperature forging in the step (1) is 900-.
Preferably, the pressure for pressure increase and heat preservation and infiltration in the step (2) is 18-20MPa, and the infiltration time is 1-2 h.
Preferably, the time for high-temperature smelting in the step (3) is 60-65min, and the temperature for heat preservation inoculation is 1300-.
Preferably, the temperature for heat preservation and stirring in the step (4) is 1250-.
Preferably, the speed of rapid cooling in the step (5) is 60-80 ℃/min.
Preferably, the slow tempering speed in the step (6) is 3-5 ℃/min, and the rapid cooling speed is 40-50 ℃/min.
Preferably, the speed of slowly raising the temperature in the step (7) is 8-10 ℃/min, and the speed of rapidly lowering the temperature is 30-40 ℃/min.
The invention provides a high-hardness alloy forging part and a preparation process thereof, and compared with the prior art, the high-hardness alloy forging part has the advantages that:
(1) the invention adopts Ti, Ni, Tb, Al, V, Fe, Cr, W, Cu, C, Si and other element components to prepare the forging part, wherein the addition of Ti, Ni, Tb, V, Fe, Cr, W and other elements is helpful to enhance the hardness of the casting part, and simultaneously, the components are mixed to further enhance the stability of the product and improve the strength of the product.
(2) The invention carries out cryogenic treatment on the forged crude product, wherein the temperature of the forged product is reduced to minus 60 ℃ to minus 80 ℃ to effectively promote the existing residual austenite to be further converted into martensite which can harden and strengthen steel, thereby improving the performance of metal materials, effectively improving the wear resistance, toughness and stability of the forged product and prolonging the service life of the product.
(3) The invention carries out heat treatment at multiple temperatures for forging, controls the amplitude of temperature change in the treatment process, further reduces the stress of the product, reduces the influence of cryogenic treatment on the yield of the forged body and improves the stability of the product.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
a high-hardness alloy forging is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: ti: 10.2%, Ni: 6.8%, C: 5.3%, Si: 2.6%, Tb: 0.8% -1.4%, Al: 4.6% -5.4%, V: 1.2%, Fe: 3.8%, Cr: 1.6%, W: 0.4% and the balance Cu.
The preparation method of the high-hardness alloy forging piece comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing and forging: mixing Ti, Ni, Tb, Al, V, Fe, Cr, W and Cu metal components according to a ratio, and then placing the mixture in a forging furnace for high-temperature forging under the protection of nitrogen to obtain a metal mixture A for later use;
(2) pressure boosting and permeation: adding the metal mixture into powder of C and Si, stirring uniformly at the high temperature of 1000-1100 ℃, and then performing pressure rise and heat preservation permeation to obtain a metal mixture B for later use;
(3) smelting and inoculation: placing the metal mixture B in an electric furnace for 1450-1500 ℃ high-temperature smelting to obtain a metal liquid, adding an inoculant into the metal liquid for heat preservation and inoculation for 2-3h, performing component analysis, and then sufficiently mixing according to component proportion to obtain an original metal liquid for later use;
(4) pouring, leaching and deslagging: slowly pouring the original metal liquid into a ladle, spraying a deslagging agent by using a spray gun in the pouring process, then keeping the temperature and stirring for 25-30min, and deslagging to obtain deslagging metal liquid;
(5) forging and quenching: cooling the deslagging metal liquid to 900-800 ℃ for forging forming, then quenching at 750-800 ℃, rapidly cooling to 400 ℃ for heat preservation for 3-4h, and obtaining a crude forged piece for later use;
(6) cryogenic treatment: slowly tempering the crude product of the forging part to 800 ℃, preserving heat for 20-30min, quickly cooling to 300-400 ℃, continuously preserving heat for 1-2h, cooling the forging part to-60 ℃ -80 ℃ by adopting a cryogenic treatment technology, preserving heat and standing for 15-20min to obtain a cold-treated forging part for later use;
(7) surface treatment: and slowly heating the cold-treated forging piece to the temperature of 200-250 ℃, preserving heat for 20-30min, then quickly cooling to room temperature, and polishing the surface to obtain the high-hardness alloy forging piece.
Wherein the temperature of the high-temperature forging in the step (1) is 900-; the pressure for pressure boosting and heat preservation and infiltration in the step (2) is 18-20MPa, and the infiltration time is 1-2 h; the high-temperature smelting time in the step (3) is 60-65min, and the temperature of heat preservation and inoculation is 1300-1450 ℃; the temperature for heat preservation and stirring in the step (4) is 1250-; the speed of rapid cooling in the step (5) is 60-80 ℃/min; the slow tempering speed in the step (6) is 3-5 ℃/min, and the rapid cooling speed is 40-50 ℃/min; in the step (7), the speed of slow temperature rise is 8-10 ℃/min, and the speed of fast temperature drop is 30-40 ℃/min.
Example 2:
a high-hardness alloy forging is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: ti: 12.4%, Ni: 8.2%, C: 6.2%, Si: 3.8%, Tb: 1.4%, Al: 5.4%, V: 1.6%, Fe: 6.4%, Cr: 2.3%, W: 0.8% and the balance of Cu.
The preparation method of the high-hardness alloy forging piece comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing and forging: mixing Ti, Ni, Tb, Al, V, Fe, Cr, W and Cu metal components according to a ratio, and then placing the mixture in a forging furnace for high-temperature forging under the protection of nitrogen to obtain a metal mixture A for later use;
(2) pressure boosting and permeation: adding the metal mixture into powder of C and Si, stirring uniformly at the high temperature of 1000-1100 ℃, and then performing pressure rise and heat preservation permeation to obtain a metal mixture B for later use;
(3) smelting and inoculation: placing the metal mixture B in an electric furnace for 1450-1500 ℃ high-temperature smelting to obtain a metal liquid, adding an inoculant into the metal liquid for heat preservation and inoculation for 2-3h, performing component analysis, and then sufficiently mixing according to component proportion to obtain an original metal liquid for later use;
(4) pouring, leaching and deslagging: slowly pouring the original metal liquid into a ladle, spraying a deslagging agent by using a spray gun in the pouring process, then keeping the temperature and stirring for 25-30min, and deslagging to obtain deslagging metal liquid;
(5) forging and quenching: cooling the deslagging metal liquid to 900-800 ℃ for forging forming, then quenching at 750-800 ℃, rapidly cooling to 400 ℃ for heat preservation for 3-4h, and obtaining a crude forged piece for later use;
(6) cryogenic treatment: slowly tempering the crude product of the forging part to 800 ℃, preserving heat for 20-30min, quickly cooling to 300-400 ℃, continuously preserving heat for 1-2h, cooling the forging part to-60 ℃ -80 ℃ by adopting a cryogenic treatment technology, preserving heat and standing for 15-20min to obtain a cold-treated forging part for later use;
(7) surface treatment: and slowly heating the cold-treated forging piece to the temperature of 200-250 ℃, preserving heat for 20-30min, then quickly cooling to room temperature, and polishing the surface to obtain the high-hardness alloy forging piece.
Wherein the temperature of the high-temperature forging in the step (1) is 900-; the pressure for pressure boosting and heat preservation and infiltration in the step (2) is 18-20MPa, and the infiltration time is 1-2 h; the high-temperature smelting time in the step (3) is 60-65min, and the temperature of heat preservation and inoculation is 1300-1450 ℃; the temperature for heat preservation and stirring in the step (4) is 1250-; the speed of rapid cooling in the step (5) is 60-80 ℃/min; the slow tempering speed in the step (6) is 3-5 ℃/min, and the rapid cooling speed is 40-50 ℃/min; in the step (7), the speed of slow temperature rise is 8-10 ℃/min, and the speed of fast temperature drop is 30-40 ℃/min.
Example 3:
a high-hardness alloy forging is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: ti: 11.2%, Ni: 7.4%, C: 5.9%, Si: 3.2%, Tb: 1.1%, Al: 5%, V: 1.4%, Fe: 5.2%, Cr: 2%, W: 0.6% and the balance Cu.
The preparation method of the high-hardness alloy forging piece comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing and forging: mixing Ti, Ni, Tb, Al, V, Fe, Cr, W and Cu metal components according to a ratio, and then placing the mixture in a forging furnace for high-temperature forging under the protection of nitrogen to obtain a metal mixture A for later use;
(2) pressure boosting and permeation: adding the metal mixture into powder of C and Si, stirring uniformly at the high temperature of 1000-1100 ℃, and then performing pressure rise and heat preservation permeation to obtain a metal mixture B for later use;
(3) smelting and inoculation: placing the metal mixture B in an electric furnace for 1450-1500 ℃ high-temperature smelting to obtain a metal liquid, adding an inoculant into the metal liquid for heat preservation and inoculation for 2-3h, performing component analysis, and then sufficiently mixing according to component proportion to obtain an original metal liquid for later use;
(4) pouring, leaching and deslagging: slowly pouring the original metal liquid into a ladle, spraying a deslagging agent by using a spray gun in the pouring process, then keeping the temperature and stirring for 25-30min, and deslagging to obtain deslagging metal liquid;
(5) forging and quenching: cooling the deslagging metal liquid to 900-800 ℃ for forging forming, then quenching at 750-800 ℃, rapidly cooling to 400 ℃ for heat preservation for 3-4h, and obtaining a crude forged piece for later use;
(6) cryogenic treatment: slowly tempering the crude product of the forging part to 800 ℃, preserving heat for 20-30min, quickly cooling to 300-400 ℃, continuously preserving heat for 1-2h, cooling the forging part to-60 ℃ -80 ℃ by adopting a cryogenic treatment technology, preserving heat and standing for 15-20min to obtain a cold-treated forging part for later use;
(7) surface treatment: and slowly heating the cold-treated forging piece to the temperature of 200-250 ℃, preserving heat for 20-30min, then quickly cooling to room temperature, and polishing the surface to obtain the high-hardness alloy forging piece.
Wherein the temperature of the high-temperature forging in the step (1) is 900-; the pressure for pressure boosting and heat preservation and infiltration in the step (2) is 18-20MPa, and the infiltration time is 1-2 h; the high-temperature smelting time in the step (3) is 60-65min, and the temperature of heat preservation and inoculation is 1300-1450 ℃; the temperature for heat preservation and stirring in the step (4) is 1250-; the speed of rapid cooling in the step (5) is 60-80 ℃/min; the slow tempering speed in the step (6) is 3-5 ℃/min, and the rapid cooling speed is 40-50 ℃/min; in the step (7), the speed of slow temperature rise is 8-10 ℃/min, and the speed of fast temperature drop is 30-40 ℃/min.
Example 4:
the alloy forgings obtained in examples 1 to 3 were measured for hardness, and the results are shown in the following Table 1:
TABLE 1
| Detection of | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 |
| Hardness (HB) | 206 | 208 | 214 |
By using the formulation and preparation method of the above example 3, the influence of the addition of each of Ti, Ni, Tb, V, Fe, Cr, and W on the hardness of the alloy forged piece was examined under the condition that the components of the remaining elements were not changed, and the results are shown in the following table 2:
TABLE 2
| Group of | Ti | Ni | Tb | V | Fe | Cr | W | Alloy Hardness (HB) |
| Example 3 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 214 |
| 1 | - | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 159 |
| 2 | √ | - | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 172 |
| 3 | √ | √ | - | √ | √ | √ | √ | 168 |
| 4 | √ | √ | √ | - | √ | √ | √ | 181 |
| 5 | √ | √ | √ | √ | - | √ | √ | 164 |
| 6 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | - | √ | 169 |
| 7 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | - | 183 |
From the above table, it can be seen that the alloy forged piece of the present invention has excellent hardness, and the addition of Ti, Ni, Tb, V, Fe, Cr, W, etc. all have an influence on the hardness of the forged piece, wherein the influence of Ti, Tb, Fe, Cr, etc. is high.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The high-hardness alloy forging piece is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: ti: 10.2% -12.4%, Ni: 6.8% -8.2%, C: 5.3% -6.2%, Si: 2.6% -3.8%, Tb: 0.8% -1.4%, Al: 4.6% -5.4%, V: 1.2% -1.6%, Fe: 3.8% -6.4%, Cr: 1.6% -2.3%, W: 0.4-0.8% of Cu;
the preparation method of the high-hardness alloy forging piece comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing and forging: mixing Ti, Ni, Tb, Al, V, Fe, Cr, W and Cu metal components according to a ratio, and then placing the mixture in a forging furnace for high-temperature forging under the protection of nitrogen to obtain a metal mixture A for later use;
(2) pressure boosting and permeation: adding the metal mixture into powder of C and Si, stirring uniformly at the high temperature of 1000-1100 ℃, and then performing pressure rise and heat preservation permeation to obtain a metal mixture B for later use;
(3) smelting and inoculation: placing the metal mixture B in an electric furnace for 1450-1500 ℃ high-temperature smelting to obtain a metal liquid, adding an inoculant into the metal liquid for heat preservation and inoculation for 2-3h, performing component analysis, and then sufficiently mixing according to component proportion to obtain an original metal liquid for later use;
(4) pouring, leaching and deslagging: slowly pouring the original metal liquid into a ladle, spraying a deslagging agent by using a spray gun in the pouring process, then keeping the temperature and stirring for 25-30min, and deslagging to obtain deslagging metal liquid;
(5) forging and quenching: cooling the deslagging metal liquid to 900-800 ℃ for forging forming, then quenching at 750-800 ℃, rapidly cooling to 400 ℃ for heat preservation for 3-4h, and obtaining a crude forged piece for later use;
(6) cryogenic treatment: slowly tempering the crude product of the forging part to 800 ℃, preserving heat for 20-30min, quickly cooling to 300-400 ℃, continuously preserving heat for 1-2h, cooling the forging part to-60 ℃ -80 ℃ by adopting a cryogenic treatment technology, preserving heat and standing for 15-20min to obtain a cold-treated forging part for later use;
(7) surface treatment: and slowly heating the cold-treated forging piece to the temperature of 200-250 ℃, preserving heat for 20-30min, then quickly cooling to room temperature, and polishing the surface to obtain the high-hardness alloy forging piece.
2. The high-hardness alloy forged member according to claim 1, wherein: the temperature of the high-temperature forging in the step (1) is 900-1000 ℃, and the forging time is 60-70 min.
3. The high-hardness alloy forged member according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the pressure for pressure rise and heat preservation and infiltration is 18-20MPa, and the infiltration time is 1-2 h.
4. The high-hardness alloy forged member according to claim 1, wherein: the time of high-temperature smelting in the step (3) is 60-65min, and the temperature of heat preservation inoculation is 1300-.
5. The high-hardness alloy forged member according to claim 1, wherein: the temperature for heat preservation and stirring in the step (4) is 1250-.
6. The high-hardness alloy forged member according to claim 1, wherein: the speed of rapid cooling in the step (5) is 60-80 ℃/min.
7. The high-hardness alloy forged member according to claim 1, wherein: the slow tempering speed in the step (6) is 3-5 ℃/min, and the rapid cooling speed is 40-50 ℃/min.
8. The high-hardness alloy forged member according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (7), the speed of slow temperature rise is 8-10 ℃/min, and the speed of fast temperature drop is 30-40 ℃/min.
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