CN110358758A - 一种冷冻凝胶谷氨酰胺转氨酶的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种冷冻凝胶谷氨酰胺转氨酶的制备方法,所述方法中,先将谷氨酰胺转氨酶溶液与聚合单体N‑异丙基丙烯酰胺、丙烯酰胺或N‑乙烯基己内酰胺以及交联剂、引发剂混合形成稳定、均一的溶液,低温冷冻处理后再由紫外光照射引发聚合反应,得到大孔凝胶,将酶包埋得到目的产物冷冻凝胶包埋谷氨酰胺转氨酶。本发明方法使冷冻凝胶包埋谷氨酰胺转氨酶具有催化活力高、稳定性强、传质阻力小、耐有机溶剂能力强等其它方法所不具有的优点,工艺简便,条件温和,得到的固定化酶回收率高和适用环境范围广。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及酶处理技术领域,具体涉及一种冷冻凝胶谷氨酰胺转氨酶的制备方法。
背景技术
酶包埋在多孔载体中使酶固定化的方法称为包埋法。包埋法不需要与酶蛋白的氨基酸残基进行结合反应,酶活回收率高,但由于底物在经过高分子凝胶较为致密的网格结构时遭受的传质阻力会导致酶动力学行为的改变,降低酶活,且存在酶在循环使用过程中泄漏的现象。
冷冻凝胶包埋固定化酶在20世纪90年代后得到长足发展,这种包埋法中的凝胶网络是围绕酶逐渐形成的,不像普通包埋法对酶的尺寸有严格限制,另外因基质含微量的水,酶存在于此微环境中,活性和稳定性均得到保证。而将紫外光引发合成凝胶技术应用在制备谷氨酰胺转氨酶制剂中,投入小、反应迅速,得到的凝胶产率高。
发明内容
本发明提供了冷冻凝胶谷氨酰胺转氨酶的制备方法,该方法操作简单,易于操作,通过本发明方法得到的冷冻凝胶谷氨酰胺转氨酶相较于现有谷氨酰胺转氨酶制剂具有扩散传质阻力低、催化效率高、稳定性好且不易泄漏等优点。
本发明方法首先将谷氨酰胺转氨酶溶液与聚合单体以及交联剂、引发剂混合形成稳定、均一的溶液,低温冷冻处理后再由紫外光照射引发聚合反应,得到大孔凝胶,将酶包埋其中,得到目的产物冷冻凝胶谷氨酰胺转氨酶。
本发明方法包括具体步骤如下:
(1)将谷氨酰胺转氨酶粉溶解在缓冲溶液中配制成浓度为0.2~5g/L的酶液;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的酶液与聚合单体的水溶液以及交联剂、引发剂混合均匀形成稳定、均一的溶液,然后置于容器中,在-15~-40℃的低温恒温槽内放置1~5h,得到冷冻固体;
(3)将步骤(2)中得到的冷冻固体置于紫外光下照射2~6min,得到的凝胶用蒸馏水浸泡、换水,再经真空干燥得到冷冻凝胶包埋酶。
所述步骤(1)中,所述酶液浓度为0.2~5g/L,主要考虑固定化酶的活性效果,与冷冻凝胶的孔道容量有关。当孔道容量中的酶分子饱和时,固定化酶的活性最高;当给酶量超过这个值时,即当酶液浓度大于5g/L时孔道外端被酶分子阻塞,导致内部酶分子不能与底物接近反应,表现为固定化酶活性降低;当给酶量低于这个值时,即当酶液浓度低于0.2g/L时,凝胶中的酶负载少,活性低。
所述步骤(2)中,所述容器优选四氟乙烯盘,主要考虑到四氟乙烯盘能够在紫外照射下保持自身性状的不变,避免对反应体系的影响。包括但不限于能够满足该要求的其他容器,也可作为该步骤的处理容器。在冷冻过程中,由于冷冻浓缩效应,溶质聚集在未冰冻的微液相中,这也是聚合反应发生的场所。冰冻部分在后续的紫外引发聚合过程中不仅可以起到类似保护壳的作用,融化完毕之后还能在凝胶内部形成开放孔结构,对酶活性提高有利。冷却温度、放置时间的选择依据是根据固定化酶的活性效果确定,低于-40℃时,酶处于一种极不活跃的构型,导致固定化酶的活性不高,高于-15℃时,低温冷冻的效果达不到要求。
所述步骤(3)中,所述的紫外光可选用常见的紫外波长的紫外光,当选择紫外强度较大的紫外光时,可适当缩短照射时间。相反,当选用紫外强度较低的紫外光时,则要适当增加照射时间。该步骤中,光照时间选择的依据是凝胶的得率与固定化酶的活性。光照时间低于2min时,聚合反应不完全,凝胶得率低;光照时间高于6min时,会影响到固定化酶的活性,紫外光对酶活性有较大影响。
其中,采用蒸馏水浸泡是为了将凝胶中未反应的化学物质洗涤干净,通常3天时间足够,一般2-3天均可。关于换水时间,前期3~4h换一次,以后10~12h换一次。对于真空干燥温度,一般统一设为40℃左右,此为酶的最适宜温度。
优选地,为进一步保证顺利完成酶的冷冻凝胶包埋,所述步骤(2)中,酶液、聚合单体、交联剂以及引发剂的加入的质量为:当所用酶液的体积为2ml时,所需聚合单体的水溶液的浓度为70~140g/L,体积为2.5mL~5mL;同时交联剂用量为0.035g~0.28g;引发剂的用量为质量浓度30%的过氧化氢0.04~0.09mL或4-苯甲酰三甲基氯化铵0.0035g~0.035g。
优选的技术方案中,所述的酶包括谷氨酰胺转氨酶溶液。谷氨酰胺转氨酶广泛存在动物、植物以及微生物体内并在它们的生命活动中扮演着重要的作用。谷氨酰胺转氨酶可以催化蛋白质或多肽分子发生交联反应,可以将相同或不同的蛋白质交联后形成高分子复合物,从而改变原始蛋白质的构象,被广泛应用于食品领域和纺织领域。同时谷氨酰胺转氨酶可以催化蛋白质与小分子物质、聚合物、化学材料、DNA、药用蛋白等物质结合,从而对其进行特异性修饰,被广泛应用于生物技术和医药领域。由此可见,谷氨酰胺转氨酶的应用范围非常广泛,在日常生活中扮演着重要的角色。
优选的技术方案中,所述的缓冲溶液包括磷酸盐缓冲液、硼酸缓冲液、碳酸钠-碳酸氢钠缓冲液、磷酸缓冲液、柠檬酸缓冲液;缓冲液的pH范围是根据酶的适宜pH来选择的,一般适于上述酶的pH为5~9。通常情况下,磷酸盐缓冲液pH常用5.0-7.0,硼酸缓冲液pH常用7.4~8.0,碳酸钠-碳酸氢钠缓冲液pH为6.0-8.0,磷酸缓冲液pH调为6.0。最常用的是磷酸盐缓冲液、磷酸缓冲液,其他的缓冲溶液只要缓冲pH对酶合适,也可以在该体系中采用。
优选的技术方案中,所述的单体包括N-异丙基丙烯酰胺、丙烯酰胺或N-乙烯基己内酰胺。N-异丙基丙烯酰胺、丙烯酰胺或N-乙烯基己内酰胺都是固定化酶常用的聚合单体材料,其中N-异丙基丙烯酰胺更是一种温敏性材料具有远大的应用前景。
优选的技术方案中,所述的交联剂包括聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯,其中,聚乙二醇分子量为100~400;聚乙二醇400(200)二(甲基)丙烯酸酯类物质由于分子链具有较好的柔性和适宜的极性,是一类性能优良的双官能团齐聚物,在生物大分子及医药领域应用广泛。
所述的引发剂包括质量浓度30%的过氧化氢或4-苯甲酰三甲基氯化铵。这两种引发剂可引发紫外光聚合。本发明还可以包括很多其他引发剂,如安息香甲醚或二苯酮也可适用于本反应体系中。
本发明有益效果包括:
(1)本发明所形成的冷冻凝胶谷氨酰胺转氨酶,在紫外聚合过程中,之前冰冻后形成的冰融化并在冷冻凝胶内部形成互相连通的大孔,有利于底物接近固定化酶,大大降低了扩散传质阻力。
(2)由于低温浓缩效应,酶集中在未结冰的微水环境中,再经由紫外聚合过程后被集中固定在相邻孔洞之间的薄壁内,使酶不易泄漏。
(3)异丙基酰胺等单体制备凝胶,凝胶得率高,并且凝胶溶胀性能良好,在流式反应器液体通过速率高。
本发明冷冻凝胶谷氨酰胺转氨酶具有催化活力高、稳定性强、传质阻力小、耐有机溶剂能力强等优点。本发明工艺简便,条件温和,得到的固定化酶回收率高和适用环境范围广。
具体实施方式
结合以下具体实施例,对本发明作进一步的详细说明。实施本发明的过程、条件、实验方法等,除以下专门提及的内容之外,均为本领域的普遍知识和公知常识,本发明没有特别限制内容。
实施例1:
首先,称取谷氨酰胺转氨酶酶粉溶解在硼酸缓冲溶液中配制成0.2g/L的酶液备用,在2mL酶液中加入5mL浓度为70g/L N-异丙基丙烯酰胺,加入0.035g聚乙二醇200二丙烯酸酯,0.04mL浓度30%的过氧化氢,然后置于四氟乙烯盘中,在-20℃的低温恒温槽内放置3h;置于紫外光(波长365nm)聚合仪下照射2min,得到的凝胶用蒸馏水浸泡2天,每4h换水一次,3次后每12h换水一次,再在40℃真空干燥,得到冷冻凝胶包埋谷氨酰胺转氨酶。测得酶的活性收率为95%,凝胶得率为92%,凝胶溶胀率为35%。在4℃储存28天后,酶的活性保持原有活性的94.8%。
其中,酶的活性收率是固定化酶相对于游离酶的活性;凝胶得率=凝胶产物的质量/初始聚合物的质量;凝胶溶胀率=溶胀后样品增加的质量/干燥样品的质量;上述参数的测定均可参考现有技术中的通用方法。
实施例2:
首先,称取谷氨酰胺转氨酶酶粉溶解在硼酸缓冲溶液中配制成1g/L的酶液备用,在2mL酶液中加入5mL浓度为70g/L丙烯酰胺,加入0.07g聚乙二醇400二丙烯酸酯,0.06mL浓度30%的过氧化氢,然后置于四氟乙烯盘中,在-25℃的低温恒温槽内放置2h;置于紫外光(波长365nm)聚合仪下照射5min,得到的凝胶用蒸馏水浸泡3天,每3h换水一次,4次后每12h换水一次,再在40℃真空干燥,得到冷冻凝胶包埋酶。测得酶的活性收率为89%,凝胶得率为94%,凝胶溶胀率为34%。在4℃储存28天后,酶的活性保持原有活性的80%。
实施例3:
首先,称取谷氨酰胺转氨酶酶粉溶解在磷酸盐缓冲溶液中配制成2.5g/L的酶液备用,在2mL酶液中加入5mL浓度为100g/L丙烯酰胺,加入0.10g聚乙二醇200二甲基丙烯酸酯,0.09mL浓度30%的过氧化氢,然后置于四氟乙烯盘中,在-15℃的低温恒温槽内放置5h;置于紫外光(波长365nm)聚合仪下照射4min,得到的凝胶用蒸馏水浸泡2天,每4h换水一次,3次后每12h换水一次,再在40℃真空干燥,得到冷冻凝胶包埋酶。测得酶的活性收率为95%,凝胶得率为99%,凝胶溶胀率为29%。在4℃储存28天后,酶的活性保持原有活性的95.7%。
实施例4:
首先,称取谷氨酰胺转氨酶酶粉溶解在碳酸钠-碳酸氢钠缓冲液中配制成5g/L的酶液备用,在2mL酶液中加入5mL浓度为140g/LN-乙烯基己内酰胺,加入0.21g聚乙二醇200二丙烯酸酯,4-苯甲酰三甲基氯化铵0.0035g,然后置于四氟乙烯盘中,在-25℃的低温恒温槽内放置2h,置于紫外光(波长365nm)聚合仪下照射5min,得到的凝胶用蒸馏水浸泡3天,每4h换水一次,3次后每12h换水一次,再在40℃真空干燥,得到冷冻凝胶包埋酶。测得酶的活性收率为82%,凝胶得率为95%,凝胶溶胀率为31%。在4℃储存28天后,酶的活性保持原有活性的81%。
实施例5:
首先,称取谷氨酰胺转氨酶酶粉溶解在磷酸缓冲液中配制成5g/L的酶液备用,在2mL酶液中加入5mL浓度为120g/L N-乙烯基己内酰胺,加入0.28g聚乙二醇400二甲基丙烯酸酯,4-苯甲酰三甲基氯化铵0.035g,然后置于四氟乙烯盘中,在-40℃的低温恒温槽内放置1h,置于紫外光(波长365nm)聚合仪下照射6min,得到的凝胶用蒸馏水浸泡3天,每3h换水一次,4次后每12h换水一次,再在40℃真空干燥,得到冷冻凝胶包埋酶。测得酶的活性收率为94%,凝胶得率为90%,凝胶溶胀率为30%。在4℃储存28天后,酶的活性保持原有活性的93%
实施例6:
首先,称取谷氨酰胺转氨酶酶粉溶解在柠檬酸缓冲液中配制成5g/L的酶液备用,在2mL酶液中加入5mL浓度为120g/L N-乙烯基己内酰胺,加入0.28g聚乙二醇400二甲基丙烯酸酯,4-苯甲酰三甲基氯化铵0.035g,然后置于四氟乙烯盘中,在-40℃的低温恒温槽内放置1h,置于紫外光(波长365nm)聚合仪下照射6min,得到的凝胶用蒸馏水浸泡3天,每3h换水一次,4次后每12h换水一次,再在40℃真空干燥,得到冷冻凝胶包埋酶。测得酶的活性收率为76%,凝胶得率为90%,凝胶溶胀率为28%。在4℃储存28天后,酶的活性保持原有活性的85%。
本发明的保护内容不局限于以上实施例。在不背离本发明构思的精神和范围下,本领域技术人员能够想到的变化和优点都被包括在本发明中,并且以所附的权利要求书为保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种冷冻凝胶谷氨酰胺转氨酶的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法为,先将谷氨酰胺转氨酶溶液与聚合单体以及交联剂、引发剂混合形成稳定、均一的溶液,低温冷冻处理后再由紫外光照射引发聚合反应,得到大孔凝胶,将酶包埋,得到冷冻凝胶包埋谷氨酰胺转氨酶。
2.如权利要求1所述的谷氨酰胺转氨酶的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将谷氨酰胺转氨酶酶粉溶解在缓冲溶液中配制成浓度为0.2-5g/L的酶液;
(2)将所述步骤(1)得到的酶液与聚合单体的水溶液以及交联剂、引发剂混合均匀,然后置于容器中,在-15~-40℃条件下放置1~5h,得到冷冻固体;
(3)将所述步骤(2)中得到的冷冻固体置于紫外光下照射2~6min,得到的凝胶用蒸馏水浸泡、换水,再经真空干燥得到冷冻凝胶谷氨酰胺转氨酶。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的谷氨酰胺转氨酶的制备方法,其特征在于,所述聚合单体包括N-异丙基丙烯酰胺、丙烯酰胺和N-乙烯基己内酰胺。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的谷氨酰胺转氨酶的制备方法,其特征在于,所述交联剂包括聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的谷氨酰胺转氨酶的制备方法,其特征在于,所述缓冲溶液包括磷酸盐缓冲液、硼酸缓冲液、碳酸钠-碳酸氢钠缓冲液或磷酸缓冲液、柠檬酸缓冲液之任意一种或多种。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的谷氨酰胺转氨酶的制备方法,其特征在于,所述引发剂包括过氧化氢和4-苯甲酰三甲基氯化铵。
7.如权利要求2所述的谷氨酰胺转氨酶的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中,当所述酶液的体积为2ml时,所需聚合单体的水溶液的浓度为70~140g/L,体积为2.5mL~5mL;所述交联剂的用量为0.035g~0.28g;所述引发剂的用量为质量浓度30%的过氧化氢0.04~0.09mL、或4-苯甲酰三甲基氯化铵0.0035g~0.035g。
8.如权利要求2所述的谷氨酰胺转氨酶的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中,所述蒸馏水浸泡的时间为2~3天。
9.如权利要求2所述的谷氨酰胺转氨酶的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中,所述容器为四氟乙烯盘。
10.如权利要求1~9之任一项所述方法制备得到的冷冻凝胶谷氨酰胺转氨酶。
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