CN110357678B - Initiating agent for aerobic fermentation of biogas residues and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Initiating agent for aerobic fermentation of biogas residues and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
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Abstract
The invention provides a detonator for aerobic fermentation of biogas residues and a preparation method thereof. The initiating explosive comprises a compound microbial agent, biochar, pyroligneous acid and a microbial culture medium. The compound microbial agent is prepared by mixing and culturing microbial agents of different species; the microbial agent comprises: bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, enterococcus, brevibacillus, fragrans and acetobacter. Aiming at key technical bottleneck problems of slow heating rate, short high-temperature period, unfavorable decomposition and the like in the biogas residue aerobic fermentation process, the invention develops an environment-friendly, high-efficiency and low-cost biogas residue aerobic fermentation primer for organic substance change and microbial community structure change in the biogas residue aerobic fermentation process by combining physical, chemical and microbiological principles, so as to shorten the heating time of the biogas residue aerobic fermentation, prolong the high-temperature period, improve the quality of an aerobic fermentation product, improve the aerobic fermentation efficiency of the biogas residue and provide technical support for the treatment and resource utilization of the biogas residue.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural waste recycling, and particularly relates to an initiating explosive for aerobic fermentation by taking biogas residues as a main raw material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The aerobic fermentation is an effective way for resource utilization of organic wastes, and is essentially a process of making organic matters mineralized, humified and harmless to become decomposed fertilizers through high-temperature fermentation under the action of microorganisms under the conditions of certain moisture, C/N ratio, ventilation and the like. The characteristics of fermentation raw materials, C/N ratio, moisture, temperature, ventilation condition, pH value and the like are closely related to the growth and activity of aerobic fermentation microorganisms, and further the aerobic fermentation efficiency and the decomposition degree of fermentation products are influenced. A complete aerobic fermentation process can be divided into four stages of temperature rise, high temperature, temperature reduction and decomposition. Each stage has different microorganisms such as bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi and protozoa, and uses organic waste and stage products as food and energy until stable humus is formed. Fast and slow seed setting for microbe propagationThe length of the aerobic fermentation time is determined, the breeding speed of the microorganisms is limited by the abundance and shortage of nutrient substances, the effective nutrition is rich, the breeding speed of the microorganisms is high, and the breeding speed of the microorganisms is low otherwise. Ryckeboer et al found that the number of bacteria was from 10 from the warm-up period to the high-temperature period9-1013g-1Down to 108-1012g-1Decreased by 1 order of magnitude and actinomycetes counts from 107-109g-1Increased to 108-1012g-13 orders of magnitude; haug et al showed that from the warm-up phase to the high-temperature phase, the number of actinomycetes was 104g-1Increased to 108g-1. The dominant flora in the aerobic fermentation process of different fermentation raw materials also has difference. Wang et al, which performs metagenomic analysis on actinomycetes in the cow dung aerobic fermentation process, emphasizes that the actinomycetes play a key role in the degradation process of lignocellulose substances. The Wangweast and the like use fresh chicken manure, cow manure and dried wheat straw to carry out mixed aerobic fermentation, and use DGGE technology to research the change of microbial communities in the aerobic fermentation process, and research shows that the microorganisms in the pile at the initial fermentation stage mainly comprise bacteria and actinomycetes, and the dominant microbial communities mainly comprise Clostridium, Bacillus and Clostridium. Wang and other researches find that in the pig manure aerobic fermentation process, bacterial communities mainly comprise Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, bacterioides and Actinobacteria, and the high-temperature period mainly comprises Bacillus in Firmicutes.
In order to promote the decomposition of organic substances, accelerate the aerobic fermentation process and improve the quality of fermentation products, additives such as microorganisms, organic or inorganic substances and the like, including an initiating agent, an expanding agent, an inoculating agent, a conditioning agent and the like, are added in the aerobic fermentation process. The initiating explosive is a nutrition regulator prepared by selecting organic substances which are easily utilized by microorganisms, such as sugar and protein, and chemicals which are suitable for the nutrition requirements of beneficial microorganisms according to the nutrition mechanism of the microorganisms according to a certain proportion, and can increase the activity of the microorganisms at the beginning of fermentation to achieve the effect of 'initiation'. Chinese patent CN103694010B discloses an ultra-high temperature aerobic fermentation method for sludge and application thereof, which improves the treatment efficiency of municipal sludge and shortens the fermentation period by regulating and controlling fermentation raw materials of organic solid wastes such as sludge and adding fermentation initiator, wherein the fermentation initiator comprises two bactericides of bacillus methylotrophicus and bacillus geotrichum and auxiliary materials such as ferrous chloride, magnesium sulfate, sodium nitrate, lime and the like. A Chinese patent with the application number of 201811527237.X discloses a natural compost composition and a composting method thereof, wherein livestock excrement, fruit tree branches and a compost initiator are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 1-3, and are composted and fermented to obtain the natural compost composition, wherein the compost initiator is prepared by mixing saccharides, fruits and water according to the mass ratio of 1: 1-10: 10 to 40, sealing and packaging in a plastic barrel, and fermenting at the temperature of between 35 and 50 ℃ for 85 to 95 days to obtain the fertilizer. At present, the research and development of the explosion initiating agent for the aerobic fermentation process of the livestock and poultry manure and the sludge are more, the research and development of the explosion initiating agent for the aerobic fermentation process of the biogas residue are less, and the explosion initiating agent for the aerobic fermentation of the biogas residue is less.
The biogas residues contain rich nutrient substances and are good organic fertilizer raw materials, but the biogas residues mainly contain refractory organic matters such as cellulose substances and the like, have low C/N ratio, high water content and small porosity, so that the problems of slow heating rate, short high-temperature period, unfavorable decomposition, poor quality of aerobic fermentation products and the like of the biogas residues in the aerobic fermentation process are caused. The patent CN201810265985.9 provides a quick aerobic fermentation method of biogas residues, but in the method, the ventilation quantity in the aerobic fermentation process is large, the energy consumption is high, and the large-scale treatment of the aerobic fermentation of the biogas residues is not facilitated. Research shows that in the aerobic fermentation process with biogas residues as main raw materials, the temperature of the aerobic fermentation mixed material can be rapidly increased within 24 hours in summer, but the temperature of the material is slowly increased in winter. Therefore, it is necessary to research and develop an environment-friendly, high-efficiency and low-cost biogas residue aerobic fermentation primer aiming at organic substance change and microbial community structure change in the biogas residue aerobic fermentation process and combining physical, chemical and microbiological principles so as to shorten the biogas residue aerobic fermentation temperature rise time, improve the quality of aerobic fermentation products and improve the biogas residue aerobic fermentation efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a detonator for aerobic fermentation of biogas residues and a preparation method thereof.
The initiating explosive for the aerobic fermentation of the biogas residues comprises a compound microbial agent, biochar, pyroligneous acid and a microbial culture medium for culturing bacteria in the compound microbial agent.
The biochar, the pyroligneous acid and the microbial culture medium form an immobilized culture medium,
in the immobilized culture medium, the proportion of the biochar, the pyroligneous acid and the microbial culture medium can be as follows: 10 g: 10-20 ml: 50-80 ml;
the ratio of the compound microbial agent to the immobilized culture medium can be 1 g: 10 ml-1 g: 5ml of the solution;
the compound microbial agent is prepared by mixing and culturing microbial agents of different species;
the microbial agent comprises: bacillus (Bacillus), Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus), Enterococcus (Enterococcus), brevibacillus (brevibacillus), arotinoid bacteria (Myroides), and Acetobacter (Acetobacter);
wherein the number ratio of bacillus, lactobacillus, enterococcus, brevibacillus, aroma-like bacteria and acetobacter can be: 20: 40-45: 8-15: 6-10: 5-10: 2-5, specifically can be: 20: 43: 15: 9: 8: 5. 20: 44: 15: 8: 8: 5.
the number of viable bacteria in each g of the compound microbial agent reaches 1 × 109The above.
The initiating explosive for the aerobic fermentation of the biogas residues is prepared by the method comprising the following steps of:
1) preparing a compound microbial agent;
2) mixing biochar, wood vinegar and a microbial culture medium to obtain an immobilized culture medium;
3) inoculating the composite microbial inoculum into the immobilized culture medium, adsorbing and immobilizing the composite microbial inoculum, centrifuging to remove supernatant, collecting precipitate, and freeze-drying to obtain the initiating explosive for aerobic fermentation of biogas residues.
In the step 1), the compound microbial agent is prepared by mixing and culturing microbial agents of different species in a microbial culture medium;
wherein the microbial agent comprises: bacillus (Bacillus), Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus), Enterococcus (Enterococcus), brevibacillus (brevibacillus), arotinoid bacteria (Myroides), and Acetobacter (Acetobacter);
the ratio of bacillus, lactobacillus, enterococcus, brevibacillus, aroma-like bacteria and acetobacter can be: 20: 40-45: 8-15: 6-10: 5-10: 2-5, specifically can be: 20: 43: 15: 9: 8: 5. 20: 44: 15: 8: 8:5 or 20: 44: 13: 9: 9: 5;
the number of viable bacteria contained in each gram of the compound microbial agent reaches 1 multiplied by 109The above.
The microbial culture medium is prepared by adding 6g of beef extract, 15g of peptone and 6g of sodium chloride into 1L of water, and sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 20-30 min.
The temperature of the culture may be: 20-25 ℃ for the following time: 20-30 h.
In the step 2), the biochar is prepared from agricultural wastes serving as raw materials according to a method known in the art, and the specific preparation method is to carbonize the agricultural wastes at the temperature of 400-700 ℃ for 1-3 h.
The agricultural waste may be: one or more of fruit tree pruning, corn straw, wheat straw, rice straw, wood chip, corncob, peanut shell and the like.
The particle size of the prepared biochar is 50-100 meshes.
The pyroligneous is a liquid substance obtained by cooling gas generated in the pyrolysis of agricultural wastes at normal temperature and is diluted by 500 times.
In the immobilized culture medium, the proportion of the biochar, the pyroligneous acid and the microbial culture medium can be as follows: 10 g: 10-20 ml: 50-80 ml, which specifically comprises: 10 g: 15 ml: 75ml, 8 g: 18 ml: 72 ml.
In the step 3), the ratio of inoculation of the compound microbial agent to the immobilized culture medium can be 1 g: 10 ml-1 g: 5ml, specifically 1 g: 8ml, 1 g: 10 ml.
The adsorption immobilization process needs repeated oscillation to ensure that the microbial inoculum is uniformly mixed with the culture medium.
The immobilization time can be 12-48 h, specifically 24h and 30h
The temperature of immobilization can be 20-35 ℃, and specifically can be 25 ℃.
The rotating speed of the centrifugation can be 2000-4000 r/min, and the centrifugation time can be 10-20min, specifically 15 min.
The freeze drying is carried out in a common freeze dryer.
The detonating agent prepared by the method also belongs to the protection scope of the invention.
The application of the detonating agent in the aerobic fermentation of the biogas residue also belongs to the protection scope of the invention.
The application specifically comprises the following steps: the temperature rise time of the aerobic fermentation of the biogas residues is shortened, the high temperature period is prolonged, the quality of the aerobic fermentation product is improved, and the aerobic fermentation efficiency of the biogas residues is improved.
The invention also provides a biogas residue aerobic fermentation method, which comprises the following steps: the above-mentioned initiating explosive is added into the fermentation raw material whose main component is methane residue,
wherein the addition mass of the initiating explosive is 8-12% of the dry base mass of the biogas residue, and can be 10%.
Compared with the prior art, after the initiation agent prepared by the invention is added, the time of the stack entering 50 ℃ is 15-18 h, which is shortened by 2-5 h compared with the CN201810265985.9 patent (20 h is needed for entering the high temperature period in the patent); the high temperature period of more than 50 ℃ is prolonged, and the aerobic fermentation efficiency and the harmless level of the biogas residues are effectively improved.
Aiming at key technical bottleneck problems of slow heating rate, short high-temperature period, unfavorable decomposition and the like in the biogas residue aerobic fermentation process, the invention develops an environment-friendly, high-efficiency and low-cost biogas residue aerobic fermentation primer for organic substance change and microbial community structure change in the biogas residue aerobic fermentation process by combining physical, chemical and microbiological principles, so as to shorten the heating time of the biogas residue aerobic fermentation, prolong the high-temperature period, improve the quality of an aerobic fermentation product, improve the aerobic fermentation efficiency of the biogas residue and provide technical support for the treatment and resource utilization of the biogas residue.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described below with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
The experimental methods used in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; reagents, biomaterials, etc. used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
The biochar used in the following examples was prepared by the following method: the corn stalks are obtained by pyrolysis and carbonization for 2 hours at the temperature of 550 ℃.
The wood vinegar used in the following examples was prepared by the following method: and (3) cooling gas generated in the high-temperature pyrolysis of the corn straws at normal temperature to obtain liquid, and diluting the liquid by 500 times.
Example 1
(1) The bacillus, the lactobacillus, the enterococcus, the brevibacillus, the aroma-like bacteria and the acetobacter are mixed according to the proportion of 20: 44: 15: 8: 8:5, uniformly mixing, adding the mixture into a microorganism culture medium (prepared by adding 6g of beef extract, 15g of peptone and 6g of sodium chloride into 1L of water and sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 15 min), and culturing at the temperature of 25 ℃ for 24h to obtain a compound microorganism bacterium agent; the viable count of the compound microbial agent per gram reaches 1 × 109The above;
(2) mixing biochar, wood vinegar and a microbial culture medium according to the proportion of 10 g: 15 ml: and uniformly mixing 75ml of the mixture to obtain the high-efficiency immobilized culture medium.
(3) 1g of compound microbial agent is put into a 250ml conical flask, 8ml of high-efficiency immobilized culture medium is added, and the beneficial bacteria content per gram is ensured to be 1 multiplied by 109And adsorbing and fixing the mixture in an oscillator at 150rpm for 24 hours at 25 ℃, centrifuging the mixture for 15 minutes at 4000r/min, pouring out supernatant, and freeze-drying lower-layer precipitates to obtain the biogas residue aerobic fermentation primer.
Example 2
(1) The bacillus, the lactobacillus, the enterococcus, the brevibacillus, the aroma-like bacteria and the acetobacter are mixed according to the proportion of 20: 44: 13: 9: 9: 5, uniformly mixing, adding the mixture into a microorganism culture medium (prepared by adding 6g of beef extract, 15g of peptone and 6g of sodium chloride into 1L of water and sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 15 min), and culturing at the temperature of 25 ℃ for 28h to obtain the compound microorganism bacterial agent.
(2) Mixing biochar, wood vinegar and a microbial culture medium according to the proportion of 8 g: 18 ml: 72ml of the culture medium is evenly mixed to obtain the high-efficiency immobilized culture medium.
(3) Putting 1g of compound microbial agent into a 250ml conical flask, adding 10ml of high-efficiency immobilized culture medium to ensure that each gram contains more than 10 hundred million beneficial bacteria, adsorbing and fixing the compound microbial agent in an oscillator at the speed of 150rpm for 30 hours at the temperature of 25 ℃, centrifuging the compound microbial agent for 20 minutes at the speed of 4000r/min, pouring out supernatant, and freeze-drying the lower-layer precipitate to obtain the biogas residue aerobic fermentation primer.
Example 3
(1) The bacillus, the lactic acid bacteria, the enterococcus, the brevibacillus and the aroma-like bacteria are mixed according to the proportion of 20: 45: 15: 10: 10 (containing no acetobacter), mixing uniformly, adding into a microorganism culture medium (prepared by adding 6g of beef extract, 15g of peptone and 6g of sodium chloride into 1L of water and sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 15 min), and culturing at 25 ℃ for 26h to obtain the compound microorganism bacterial agent.
(2) Mixing biochar, wood vinegar and a microbial culture medium according to the proportion of 10 g: 20 ml: 70ml of the culture medium is mixed evenly to obtain the high-efficiency immobilized culture medium.
(3) Putting 1g of compound microbial agent into a 250ml conical flask, adding 10ml of high-efficiency immobilized culture medium to ensure that each gram contains more than 10 hundred million beneficial bacteria, adsorbing and fixing the compound microbial agent in a 150rpm shaking machine for 30 hours at 25 ℃, centrifuging the compound microbial agent for 15 minutes at 4000r/min, pouring out supernatant, and freeze-drying the lower-layer precipitate to obtain the initiating agent.
Comparative example
The livestock and poultry manure fermentation primer is prepared according to the patent with the application number of 201811527237.X and mainly comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing the saccharides, the fruits and the water according to the mass ratio of 1:5: 35;
and (3) encapsulating the mixture in a plastic barrel, sealing, and fermenting at 35 ℃ for 90 days to obtain the contrast detonating agent.
Engineering for taking biogas from Donghua mountain in cis-district of Beijing CityFresh pig manure biogas residues and pig manure with the water content of about 70 percent, and sun-dried wheat straws (with the water content of about 5 percent) are cut into 1-3 cm; uniformly mixing three raw materials of pig manure biogas residues, pig manure and straws in a mixer according to the ratio of 8:5: 5. Setting 5 treatments of no adding of a blasting agent, a contrast blasting agent, a blasting agent 1, a blasting agent 2 and a blasting agent 3, wherein the blasting agent is not added as contrast treatment (CK), the contrast blasting agent is added as treatment FB, the treatment of adding the blasting agent 1 is QB1, the treatment of adding the blasting agent 2 is QB2, the treatment of adding the blasting agent 3 is QB3, the addition amount of the blasting agent is 10% of a biogas residue dry base, adjusting the pH value to 7-8, stacking the mixture in an aerobic fermentation tank, performing forced ventilation, performing blast aeration once every half an hour, the ventilation time is 5min, and the ventilation amount is 0.15m3·min-1·m-3Turning over every 4 days for 20 days, and the fermented product is dark brown and has loose structure.
As shown in table 1, after the addition of the initiating explosive, compared with the treatment of CK without the addition of the initiating explosive and FB with the addition of the initiating explosive of a control group, the time for raising the temperature of the stack to 40 ℃ is shortened by 16-46 h, and the high-temperature period of the stack entering 50 ℃ or above is shortened by 33-79 h, in addition, compared with the treatment of the initiating explosive 3 without containing bacillus aceticus, the temperature rise of the aerobic fermentation of biogas residues is faster and the duration of the high temperature is relatively longer by adding the initiating explosive 1 and the initiating explosive 2; after the initiating agent 1 and the initiating agent 2 are added, the temperature rising rate of the stack body from 40 ℃ to 50 ℃ is about 2 ℃/h and 2.5 ℃/h, and compared with 0.3 ℃/h of a CK group and 0.67 ℃/h of an FB group, the temperature rising rate is greatly improved. After the detonator is added, the duration of the pile body at 50 ℃ or above is 9-10 days, which is prolonged by 3-4 days compared with CK and FB treatment. It can be seen that the temperature rise rate of the stack can be effectively improved by adding the detonating agent, and the high-temperature period of the stack is prolonged.
TABLE 1 test treatments and associated temperature schedules
For each index in the table, each group was run in parallel three times and the average was taken.
After 20 days of aerobic fermentation, the physicochemical properties of the fermented product are shown in Table 2. After the detonating agent 1 and the detonating agent 2 are added, the water content, the volatile content, the conductivity and the E4/E6 of the product are all smaller than those of a CK group, and the water content and the GI are all higher than those of the CK and FB treatment; after the primer of the invention is added, macromolecular humic acid is formed in the product, and the humification degree is higher than CK; the GI of the product is more than 80 percent, has no phytotoxicity, and is more beneficial to plant growth compared with CK.
In conclusion, the adding of the blasting agent can effectively improve the temperature rise rate of the aerobic fermentation of the biogas residues, prolong the high-temperature period and improve the quality of the aerobic fermentation product.
TABLE 2 aerobic fermentation product Properties
For each index in the table, each group was run in parallel three times and the average was taken.
Claims (9)
1. A priming agent comprises a compound microbial agent, biochar, pyroligneous acid and a microbial culture medium for culturing bacteria in the compound microbial agent;
wherein the biochar, the pyroligneous acid and the microbial culture medium form an immobilized culture medium,
in the immobilized culture medium, the proportion of the biochar, the pyroligneous acid and the microbial culture medium is as follows: 10 g: 10-20 ml: 50-80 ml;
the ratio of the compound microbial agent to the immobilized culture medium is 1 g: 10 ml-1 g: 5ml of the solution;
the compound microbial agent is prepared by mixing and culturing microbial agents of different species;
the microbial agent comprises: bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, enterococcus, brevibacillus, fragrans and acetobacter; the number ratio of the bacillus, the lactic acid bacteria, the enterococcus, the brevibacillus, the aroma-like bacteria and the acetobacter is as follows: 20: 40 to 45: 8-15: 6-10: 5-10: 2-5, wherein the viable count in each g of the compound microbial agent reaches 1 multiplied by 109The above.
2. A method of making the detonator of claim 1 comprising the steps of:
1) preparing a compound microbial agent;
2) mixing biochar, wood vinegar and a microbial culture medium to obtain an immobilized culture medium;
3) inoculating the composite microbial inoculum into the immobilized culture medium, adsorbing and immobilizing the composite microbial inoculum, centrifuging to remove supernatant, collecting precipitate, and freeze-drying to obtain the initiating explosive for aerobic fermentation of biogas residues.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein: in the step 1), the compound microbial agent is prepared by mixing and culturing microbial agents of different species in a microbial culture medium;
wherein the microbial agent comprises: bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, enterococcus, brevibacillus, fragrans and acetobacter;
the ratio of bacillus, lactobacillus, enterococcus, brevibacillus, aroma-like bacteria and acetobacter is as follows: 20: 40-45: 8-15: 6-10: 5-10: 2-5;
the microbial culture medium is prepared by adding 6g of beef extract, 15g of peptone and 6g of sodium chloride into 1L of water, and sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 20-30 min;
the temperature of the culture is as follows: 20-25 ℃ for the following time: 20-30 h;
the number of viable bacteria contained in each gram of the compound microbial agent reaches 1 multiplied by 109The above.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein: in the step 2), the immobilized culture medium comprises the following components in proportion: 10 g: 10-20 ml: 50-80 ml.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein: in the step 3), the ratio of inoculation of the compound microbial agent to the immobilized culture medium is 1 g: 10 ml-1 g: 5ml of the solution;
the adsorption immobilization process is repeatedly oscillated,
the immobilization time is 12-48 h;
the immobilization temperature is 20-35 ℃;
the rotating speed of the centrifugation is 2000-4000 r/min, and the centrifugation time is 10-20 min.
6. The use of the detonator of claim 1 in aerobic fermentation of biogas residue.
7. Use according to claim 6, characterized in that: the application is as follows: the application of the method in shortening the temperature rise time of the aerobic fermentation of the biogas residues, prolonging the high-temperature period, improving the quality of aerobic fermentation products and improving the aerobic fermentation efficiency of the biogas residues.
8. A biogas residue aerobic fermentation method comprises the following steps: adding the detonator as claimed in claim 1 to a fermentation raw material mainly composed of biogas residue, and performing aerobic fermentation.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein: the addition mass of the initiating explosive is 8-12% of the dry base mass of the biogas residue.
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