CN110357475B - 一种保温隔热水泥砂浆用防水剂及其应用 - Google Patents
一种保温隔热水泥砂浆用防水剂及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N icosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000004794 expanded polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical group [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 6
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical group [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 3
- JFZDUSDRGGZYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;icosanoate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O JFZDUSDRGGZYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940049964 oleate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003469 silicate cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/08—Fats; Fatty oils; Ester type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats
- C04B24/085—Higher fatty acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/60—Agents for protection against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2103/65—Water proofers or repellants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/27—Water resistance, i.e. waterproof or water-repellent materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/40—Porous or lightweight materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/20—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the density
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/30—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values
- C04B2201/32—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values for the thermal conductivity, e.g. K-factors
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种保温隔热水泥砂浆用防水剂，所述的防水剂为正二十酸的钾盐。本发明同时公开了一种保温隔热水泥砂浆，包括硅酸盐水泥、保温材料和防水剂，所述的防水剂为正二十酸的钾盐，且所述的保温隔热水泥砂浆的饱和吸水率≤1.2%。本发明所述防水剂在应用到水泥砂浆中后，可使水泥砂浆同时具有轻质、保温、隔热、防水性能，且在和保温材料相互协同的作用下，即保证了防水性能，也保证了水泥砂浆的强度需求。
Description
技术领域
本发明设计一种防水剂及其应用，属于化工材料技术领域。
背景技术
近年来，我国建筑节能工作取得很大进步，建筑外墙保温技术尤为突出。外墙保温分常用的有保温砂浆和外贴聚苯板、聚氨酯等有机高分子保温材料。而这2两种保温层均存在缺陷：保温砂浆一般是在水泥中掺入膨胀聚苯乙烯颗粒、膨胀珍珠岩颗粒等保温材料，其防水性能较差，如果外墙产生裂缝，雨水会进入开裂的墙体保温内层，而水的导热系数较大，墙体内层存在水，保温作用差，并且会引起墙体内层的发霉、损坏等现象。目前施工的外贴聚苯板以及聚氨酯等有机高分子保温材料、一次施工成型的有机高分子保温材料，这种技术保温效果较好，但施工时间较长，保温施工过程成本高，而且施工难度也较大，施工及使用过程中存在火灾隐患。一些施工单位在有机高分子保温材料中加入过量的阻燃剂，这样虽能阻止火灾发生，但会增加有机高分子保温材料燃烧时的发烟量和烟气毒性。本文针对以上两种建筑墙体外保温的缺陷，研制一种新型建筑外墙保温防水防火砂浆。
发明内容
为解决现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种防水效果好的防水剂。
为了实现上述目标，本发明采用如下的技术方案：
一种保温隔热水泥砂浆用防水剂，其为正二十酸的钾盐。且所述的正二十酸的钾盐通过正二十酸根据反应配比加入到氢氧化钾溶液中，与氢氧化钾反应得到。
本发明同时提供了一种轻质、保温、防水性能优良的保温隔热水泥砂浆，包括硅酸盐水泥、保温材料和防水剂，所述的防水剂为正二十酸的钾盐，且上述的保温隔热水泥砂浆的饱和吸水率≤1.2％。
更进一步，上述的硅酸盐水泥和保温材料预先混合后形成砌块，且砌块的相对密度为310-320Kg/m3，而防水剂的加入量则为砌块总质量的10-20％。
且，保温材料为体积比为3∶1的膨胀聚苯乙烯颗粒和膨胀蛭石颗粒的混合物。其中，膨胀聚苯乙烯颗粒为连续级配颗粒，具体为：
| 粒径范围 | 用量占比 |
| 0-1mm | 30％ |
| 1-2mm | 40％ |
| 2-3mm | 30％ |
距
而膨胀蛭石也为连续级配颗粒，具体为：
| 粒径范围 | 用量占比 |
| 0-0.2mm | 20％ |
| 0.2-0.5mm | 30％ |
| 0.5-1.0mm | 30％ |
| 1.0-2.0mm | 20％ |
本发明的有益之处在于：本发明所述防水剂在应用到水泥砂浆中后，可使水泥砂浆同时具有轻质、保温、隔热、防水性能，且在和保温材料相互协同的作用下，即保证了防水性能，也保证了水泥砂浆的强度需求。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作具体的介绍。
以下实施例应用到的保温材料中，包括膨胀聚苯乙烯颗粒和膨胀蛭石颗粒，且膨胀聚苯乙烯颗粒和膨胀蛭石颗粒的质量比为3∶1，其中膨胀聚苯乙烯颗粒为连续级配颗粒，具体为：0-1mm，占比30％；1-2mm，占比40％；2-3mm30％。而膨胀蛭石颗粒也为连续级配颗粒，具体为：0-0.2mm，占比20％；0.2-0.5mm，占比30％；0.5-1.0mm，占比30；1.0-2.0mm，占比20％。
且应用到的正二十酸的钾盐通过正二十酸根据反应配比加入到氢氧化钾溶液中，与氢氧化钾反应得到。
实施例1：保温隔热水泥砂浆，包括硅酸盐水泥、保温材料和防水剂正二十酸的钾盐，硅酸盐水泥、保温材料的体积比为1∶2.5，混合后，形成砌块，砌块的相对密度为352..6Kg/m3’然后向砌块中加入砌块质量14.5％的正二十酸的钾盐，得到目标产物水泥砂浆。
实施例2：保温隔热水泥砂浆，包括硅酸盐水泥、保温材料和防水剂正二十酸的钾盐，硅酸盐水泥、保温材料的体积比为1∶2.4，混合后，形成砌块，砌块的相对密度为364.5Kg/m3’然后向砌块中加入砌块质量20％的正二十酸的钾盐，得到目标产物水泥砂浆。
实施例3：保温隔热水泥砂浆，包括硅酸盐水泥、保温材料和防水剂正二十酸的钾盐，硅酸盐水泥、保温材料的体积比为1∶2.6，混合后，形成砌块，砌块的相对密度为346.0Kg/m3’然后向砌块中加入砌块质量10.6％的正二十酸的钾盐，得到目标产物水泥砂浆。
对比例1：保温隔热水泥砂浆，包括硅酸盐水泥、保温材料和防水剂正二十酸的钾盐，保温材料的组成与实施例1相同，且硅酸盐水泥、保温材料的体积比为1∶2.5，混合后，形成砌块，砌块的相对密度为314.62Kg/m3，然后向砌块中加入砌块质量14.5％的油酸盐防水剂，得到产物水泥砂浆。
对比例2：保温隔热水泥砂浆，包括硅酸盐水泥、保温材料和防水剂，保温材料为膨胀聚苯乙烯颗粒，且其为连续级配颗粒，具体为：0-1mm，占比30％；1-2mm，占比40％；2-3mm30％，硅酸盐水泥、保温材料的体积比为1∶2.5，混合后，形成砌块，砌块的相对密度为312.8Kg/m3，然后向砌块中加入砌块质量14.5％的正二十酸的钾盐，得到产物水泥砂浆。
针对实施例1-3以及对比例1-2得到的水泥砂浆进行导热系数、抗压强度以及饱和吸水率的测试，结果如表1所示：
表1：实施例1-3以及对比例1-2的水泥砂浆的物化数据
由表1可知，单独以膨胀聚苯乙烯颗粒为保温材料，其可有效提高水泥砂浆的保温效果，但是同时会影响水泥砂浆的强度，而和膨胀蛭石颗粒复配后，在保证保温效果的同时，可以很好的保证水泥砂浆的强度，而以正二十酸的钾盐为防水剂，其饱和吸水率明显低于油酸盐防水剂，且同时保证了水泥砂浆的保温效果和强度，复配效果明显优于对比例1和对比例2。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，上述实施例不以任何形式限制本发明，凡采用等同替换或等效变换的方式所获得的技术方案，均落在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (4)
1.一种保温隔热水泥砂浆，其特征在于，包括硅酸盐水泥、保温材料和防水剂，所述的防水剂为正二十酸的钾盐，且所述的保温隔热水泥砂浆的饱和吸水率≤1 .2％，所述的保温材料为体积比为3∶1的膨胀聚苯乙烯颗粒和膨胀蛭石颗粒的混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种保温隔热水泥砂浆，其特征在于，所述的硅酸盐水泥和保温材料预先混合后形成砌块，而防水剂的加入量则为砌块总质量的10-20％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种保温隔热水泥砂浆，其特征在于，所述的膨胀聚苯乙烯颗粒为连续级配颗粒，具体为：
当粒径范围为0-1mm时，用量占比为30%；
当粒径范围为1-2mm时，用量占比为40%；
当粒径范围为2-3mm时，用量占比为30%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种保温隔热水泥砂浆，其特征在于，所述的膨胀蛭石为连续级配颗粒，具体为：
当粒径范围为0-0 .2mm时，用量占比为20%；
当粒径范围为0 .2-0 .5mm时，用量占比为30%；
当粒径范围为0 .5-1 .0mm时，用量占比为30%；
当粒径范围为1 .0-2 .0mm时，用量占比为20%。
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| CN1055944A (zh) * | 1990-04-19 | 1991-11-06 | 沈震新 | 固体胶 |
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