CN110350289B - Low-profile active microstrip antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide quarter-mode feed - Google Patents

Low-profile active microstrip antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide quarter-mode feed Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110350289B
CN110350289B CN201910553898.8A CN201910553898A CN110350289B CN 110350289 B CN110350289 B CN 110350289B CN 201910553898 A CN201910553898 A CN 201910553898A CN 110350289 B CN110350289 B CN 110350289B
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quarter
integrated waveguide
dielectric substrate
metal
mode
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CN110350289A (en
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孙凯
汤悦
刘思豪
杨德强
陈波
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Chengdu Dianke Xingtian Technology Co ltd
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Chengdu Dianke Xingtian Technology Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/10—Resonant antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands

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Abstract

The invention discloses a low-profile active microstrip antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide quarter-mode feed, which comprises a dielectric substrate, a radiation patch and a support column, wherein the lower surface of the dielectric substrate is provided with a metal floor, and the upper surface of the dielectric substrate is provided with four metal sheets; the inner sides of the four metal sheets form a space for placing an active circuit module, the outer side of each metal sheet is connected with a metal floor through a metallized through hole to form a quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide cavity, and the quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide cavity is connected with a feed network through a microstrip line; an active circuit module with a metal shielding case is integrated in the middle of the dielectric substrate; the radiation patch is positioned above the dielectric substrate through the support of the support column. The invention not only solves the problems of welding processing of coaxial probe feed and floor imperfection of coupling gap feed, but also effectively expands bandwidth and improves antenna performance; and the space utilization rate is improved on the basis of not influencing the performance of the antenna, and the overall section of the active antenna is reduced.

Description

Low-profile active microstrip antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide quarter-mode feed
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a low-profile active microstrip antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide quarter-mode feed.
Background
With the rapid development of wireless communication technology and demand, antennas and rf devices face more and more challenges as key elements determining the performance of wireless systems: compact structure, light system weight, high signal quality, multiple functions, etc. The traditional solution of separately designing the antenna and the radio frequency device has difficulty to fully meet the requirements of the system, and the active integrated antenna has been widely used as a solution complying with the development trend of the wireless system.
Active antennas have evolved to date and we have concluded some of their unique advantages in microwave and millimeter wave systems over traditional passive antennas:
(1) an advantage in system performance. The signal-to-noise ratio of the system determines the performance of the system, the active integrated antenna avoids redundant loss between the antenna and the radio frequency front end module, the utilization rate of signals, namely the system efficiency is effectively improved compared with the traditional scheme, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the system is ensured not to be unnecessarily deteriorated.
(2) The system has the advantage of volume. The radio frequency front-end circuit and the antenna are integrated, so that the space for independently arranging the radio frequency front-end circuit can be saved, and the volume of the system can be better controlled.
For the active integrated antenna examples widely used at present, such as active satellite navigation receiving antenna, etc. Most of the circular polarized antennas are designed with a wide lobe above a PCB, and active circuits such as an amplifier and a filter are designed on one side of the bottom surface of the PCB. When referring to the low profile characteristics of the antenna, also only the profile performance of the antenna part is of interest, but for practical reasons the profile characteristics of the whole active antenna should be the sum of the profiles of the antenna part and the circuit part. In this respect, most active antennas now have room for further optimization in terms of low profile characteristics, i.e. a solution in which the active circuit is partially enclosed inside the antenna.
On the other hand, as the standards of communication systems are more and more, the requirements of people on system bandwidth are wider. Naturally, the requirements on the antenna are becoming more and more strict, and the broadband performance is also sought for the common active low-profile microstrip antenna. At present, the feeding mode of the microstrip antenna can be mainly divided into microstrip line side feeding, coaxial line back feeding, microstrip line proximity coupling feeding, gap coupling feeding and the like, but only the gap coupling feeding mode has the potential of widening the antenna bandwidth. However, slot-coupled feeding requires slots on the ground plane of the microstrip antenna, which is increasingly difficult to accept today when the system is more and more integrated, because the system integration inevitably causes the problem of electromagnetic compatibility between the system modules, and the incompleteness of the ground plane of the microstrip antenna is a challenge for the electromagnetic compatibility of the system.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a low-profile active microstrip antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide quarter-mode feed, which not only introduces another resonance mode but also effectively expands the bandwidth; meanwhile, compared with coaxial probe feeding, the feeding mode does not need welding, simplifies processing production, and maintains the integrity of the antenna floor through relative gap coupling feeding, thereby not only solving the problem of electromagnetic compatibility caused by the floor slotting, but also providing favorable conditions for integrated processing and manufacturing of the multilayer board with other modules. The active circuit is integrated in the antenna, and the active circuit is partially integrated in the antenna on the basis of not influencing the performance of the antenna, so that a compact structure is formed, the medium space of the microstrip antenna is effectively utilized, and the section of the active antenna (considering the integral part of the antenna and the circuit) is greatly reduced.
The invention provides a low-profile active microstrip antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide quarter-mode feed, which is characterized by comprising a dielectric substrate, a radiation patch and a support column, wherein the lower surface of the dielectric substrate is provided with a metal floor, and the upper surface of the dielectric substrate is provided with four metal sheets; the inner sides of the four metal sheets form a space for placing an active circuit module, the outer side of each metal sheet is connected with a metal floor through a metallized through hole to form a quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide cavity, and the waveguide cavity is excited by a feed network through a microstrip line; an active circuit module with a metal shielding case is integrated in the middle of the dielectric substrate; the radiation patch is supported above the dielectric substrate through the support column, and the projection of the radiation patch in the direction vertical to the dielectric substrate is overlapped with the four quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide cavities.
Furthermore, each metal sheet is also provided with a long strip-shaped gap. The method is characterized in that a gap with certain length and width is manufactured above a quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide cavity, so that excited resonance can be adjusted, resonance is enhanced, and resonance performance loss caused by convenient layout corner cut is improved.
Furthermore, the metal sheet is a rectangular metal sheet with inner side cut corners, the cut corners (cut parts of the rectangular metal sheet) form a space for placing the active circuit module in the middle of the dielectric substrate, and two sides of the outer side of each metal sheet are connected with the metal floor through metallized through holes to form a quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide cavity.
Further, the feed network is a five-port microstrip network with a phase difference of 90 degrees.
Further, the support column is a nylon column.
Further, the height of the active microstrip antenna is 9.508mm, wherein the thickness of the dielectric substrate is 0.508mm, the height of the support column is 8mm, the thickness of the radiation patch is 1mm, and the height of the active circuit module with the metal shielding case is 2.5 mm.
Further, the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate is 3.66.
Furthermore, the distance between one side of the long strip-shaped gap of the metal sheet close to the inner side of the metal sheet and the inner side of the metal sheet is 4.7mm, the length of the gap of the metal sheet is 30.5mm, and the width of the gap of the metal sheet is 2 mm.
Furthermore, the dielectric substrate, the radiation patch, the active circuit module and the metal sheet are all square.
Furthermore, the side length of the dielectric substrate is 115mm, the side length of the radiation patch is 85.5mm, the side length of the active circuit module is 25mm, and the side length of a cut angle of the metal sheet is 20 mm.
According to the invention, through the quarter-mode feed of the substrate integrated waveguide, the problems of welding processing of coaxial probe feed and floor imperfection of coupling gap feed are solved, and meanwhile, a new resonance mode is introduced to effectively expand the bandwidth and improve the antenna performance; and the active circuit is skillfully arranged in the antenna, so that the space utilization rate is improved on the basis of not influencing the performance of the antenna, and the overall section of the active antenna is directly reduced. The active microstrip antenna has the characteristics of low profile, enhanced bandwidth, compact design, simple process, easy integration and low cost.
Drawings
The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 is a side view of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a top view of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a port active S11 and a gain curve of the antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention when the feed network is not considered;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of a parameter curve of a port S11 when the antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention is combined with a simple microstrip feed network;
FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating gain versus axial ratio curves for an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is an axial ratio directional diagram of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a gain pattern of the antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention.
The antenna comprises a radiating patch 1, a supporting column 2, a metal floor 3, a metal sheet 4, an active circuit module 5, a dielectric substrate 6 and a metalized through hole 7.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
Any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the active microstrip antenna of the present invention includes a dielectric substrate 6 integrating an active circuit module 5 with a metal shield, a radiating patch 1, and a supporting pillar 2 as a supporting nonmetal, preferably, the supporting pillar 2 is a nylon pillar. The lower surface of the medium substrate 6 is provided with a metal floor 3, and the upper surface is provided with four metal sheets 4; the inner sides of the four metal sheets 4 form a space for placing the active circuit module 5, the outer side of each metal sheet 4 is connected with the metal floor 3 through a metallized through hole 7 to form a quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide cavity, and the cavity is excited by a microstrip line; an active circuit module 5 with a metal shielding case is integrated in the middle of the dielectric substrate 6, the metal shielding case is substituted into the antenna for integrated design only by considering the influence of the metal shielding case on the performance of the antenna, and the air dielectric space of the microstrip patch antenna is efficiently utilized. The radiation patch 1 is supported above the dielectric substrate 6 through the support column 2, and the projection of the radiation patch 1 in the direction perpendicular to the dielectric substrate 6 is overlapped with the four quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide cavities. TM of two microstrip antennas with 90-degree phase difference due to excitation of four quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide feeds with 90-degree phase difference10The mode, thereby radiating a stable circularly polarized wave.
In an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the overall height of the antenna is 9.508mm, wherein the thickness h0 of the dielectric substrate 6 is 0.508mm, Ro4350 plate with a dielectric constant of 3.66 can be used, the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 6 is provided with the complete ground plate 3, the upper surface is the feeding structure, the middle is the active circuit module 5 integrated in the antenna with the metal shielding case, and the height h3 of the active circuit module 5 is 2.5 mm. The distance h1 between the radiation patch 1 and the dielectric substrate 6 is 8mm, and a nylon column with the model number of M2.5 and the height of 8mm is used as a support. The thickness h2 of the radiation patch 1 is 1 mm.
The shapes of the dielectric substrate 6, the radiation patch 1, the active circuit module 5, and the metal sheet 4 may be specifically selected as needed. In one embodiment of the present invention, the four are square, as shown in fig. 2, when the metal sheet 4 is a metal sheet with an inner chamfer, when the metal sheet 4 is square, the vacant part of the metal sheet formed by the chamfer is an isosceles right triangle, and two sides of the outer side of each metal sheet are connected with the metal floor 3 through the metalized via 7 to form a quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide cavity. The side length wg of the dielectric substrate 6 is 115mm, the side length wp of the radiation patch 1 is 85.5mm, and the side length ws of the active circuit module 5 is 25 mm. The feed structure is four metal sheets 4 with one edge chamfered, which are connected with a five-port microstrip network with the phase difference of 90 degrees, two edges of the outer side of each metal sheet 4 are connected with the metal floor 3 through metallized through holes 7 to form a quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide cavity, and the side length l1 of the chamfered angle (the bottom edge of an isosceles right triangle) is 20 mm. Preferably, a slot with a width w1 of 2mm and a length l2 of 30.5mm may be opened at a distance w2 of 4.7mm from the edge l1 of the cut corner of the metal sheet to enhance resonance.
FIG. 3 depicts S when the antenna does not consider the feed network11And a gain curve, which is clearly characterized by the combination of two frequency bands, which also illustrates that the antenna has two resonance modes (quarter mode of the substrate integrated waveguide cavity and TM of the microstrip antenna)10A mold). Compared with the traditional microstrip antenna, the microstrip antenna has the characteristic of bandwidth widening essentially.
FIG. 4 illustrates the return loss S of an antenna in combination with a simple microstrip feed network11A parametric curve. As can be seen, there is sufficient margin in the desired band (1467-1492 MHz). Even if processing errors exist, the return loss of the antenna can also meet the use requirement, and the bandwidth broadening characteristic of the invention is fully embodied.
Fig. 5 depicts the gain curve and axial ratio curve of the antenna, and it can be seen that the antenna gain performance is good, and the highest gain reaches 8.4 dBic. The axial ratio reaches 0.5dB at the central frequency of 1.48GHz, and the axial ratio is kept good in the required frequency band (1467-1492 MHz).
Fig. 6 depicts an axial ratio directional diagram corresponding to a central frequency point 1480MHz of the antenna, and it can be seen from the diagram that the axial ratio of the antenna is less than 3dB in the entire range of 120deg of theta-60 deg, and the antenna has good circular polarization performance.
Fig. 7 shows the left-hand and right-hand patterns of the antenna at the central frequency point 1480MHz, where the left-hand and right-hand patterns of the antenna are shown in fig. (a) when phi is 0 °; graph (b) is the left and right hand patterns of the antenna when phi is 45 deg.. It can be seen that the antenna has good circular polarization performance, front-to-back ratio, and symmetry.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
The invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed in this specification and any novel method or process steps or any novel combination of features disclosed.

Claims (10)

1. A low-profile active microstrip antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide quarter-mode feed is characterized by comprising a dielectric substrate, a radiation patch and a support column, wherein a metal floor is arranged on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, and four metal sheets are arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate; the inner sides of the four metal sheets form a space for placing an active circuit module, the outer side of each metal sheet is connected with a metal floor through a metallized through hole to form a quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide cavity, and the waveguide cavity is excited by a feed network through a microstrip line; an active circuit module with a metal shielding case is integrated in the middle of the dielectric substrate; the radiation patch is supported above the dielectric substrate through the support column, and the projection of the radiation patch in the direction vertical to the dielectric substrate is overlapped with the four quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide cavities.
2. A low-profile active microstrip antenna based on a substrate integrated waveguide quarter-mode feed according to claim 1 wherein each metal plate is further provided with an elongated slot.
3. The low-profile active microstrip antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide quarter-mode feeding of claim 1 wherein the metal sheet is a rectangular metal sheet with inside corners cut to form a space for placing the active circuit module in the middle of the dielectric substrate, and the two outside sides of each metal sheet are connected with the metal floor through the metallized via holes to form a quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide cavity.
4. The low-profile active microstrip antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide quarter-mode feed according to claim 1 wherein the feed network is a five-port microstrip network with a phase difference of 90 °.
5. The substrate integrated waveguide quarter-mode feed based low-profile active microstrip antenna of claim 1 wherein said support posts are nylon posts.
6. A low-profile active microstrip antenna based on a substrate integrated waveguide quarter-mode feed according to claim 1 wherein the height of the active microstrip antenna is 9.508mm, wherein the thickness of the dielectric substrate is 0.508mm, the height of the support posts is 8mm, the thickness of the radiating patch is 1mm, and the height of the active circuit module with the metal shield is 2.5 mm.
7. The low-profile active microstrip antenna based on a substrate integrated waveguide quarter-mode feed of claim 1 wherein the dielectric substrate has a dielectric constant of 3.66.
8. A low-profile active microstrip antenna based on a substrate integrated waveguide quarter-mode feed according to claim 2 wherein the side of the long strip slot of the metal plate near the inner side of the metal plate is at a distance of 4.7mm from the inner side of the metal plate, the length of the slot of the metal plate is 30.5mm and the width of the slot of the metal plate is 2 mm.
9. The low-profile active microstrip antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide quarter-mode feeding according to claim 1 wherein the dielectric substrate, the radiating patch, the active circuit module and the metal plate are all square.
10. The low-profile active microstrip antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide quarter-mode feeding of claim 9 wherein the dielectric substrate has a side length of 115mm, the radiating patch has a side length of 85.5mm, the active circuit module has a side length of 25mm, and the metal plate has a corner cut side length of 20 mm.
CN201910553898.8A 2019-06-25 2019-06-25 Low-profile active microstrip antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide quarter-mode feed Active CN110350289B (en)

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CN111682308B (en) * 2020-05-29 2022-03-18 杭州电子科技大学 Single-layer double-circular-polarization cavity-backed traveling wave antenna with filtering function
CN111682309B (en) * 2020-05-29 2021-11-23 杭州电子科技大学 Single-layer single-feed back cavity circularly polarized filter antenna
CN113506987B (en) * 2021-06-24 2022-06-14 华南理工大学 Broadband high-gain circularly polarized filter antenna and wireless communication equipment
CN113506976B (en) * 2021-06-25 2022-09-20 华南理工大学 High-gain circularly polarized antenna and wireless communication device
CN113659324A (en) * 2021-07-26 2021-11-16 西安理工大学 Three-frequency quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide antenna
CN117013249B (en) * 2023-09-06 2024-04-05 南通大学 Low elevation angle double-frequency dual-beam patch antenna
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Inventor after: Yuan Liping

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