CN110347197B - Grain continuous drying window control method based on equivalent accumulated temperature - Google Patents
Grain continuous drying window control method based on equivalent accumulated temperature Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a grain continuous drying window control method based on equivalent accumulated temperature, which comprises the following steps: step one, determining raw grain moisture m of grain to be dried1Target moisture contentmtDrying temperature T, primary adjustment period TaPrecisely adjusting the period tbPrimary control limit2Accurate control limit1A temperature accumulation window; step two, presetting grain discharging speed v0Or frequency f of grain discharge0Calculating real-time equivalent accumulated temperature; step three, if ti/taIs an integer and | m-mt|≤2Calculating a trend predicted value of the mouth moisture and the target moisture at an interval of a primary adjustment period; if the trend predicts | m-mt|′＞1Adjusting the accumulated temperature window and adjusting the grain discharging speed or the grain discharging frequency through a PID algorithm to enable the grain discharging speed to be m-mt|≤2And the trend predicts a value | m-mt|′≤1(ii) a Step four, if the initial data changes, the accumulated temperature window is reselected; step five, when t isi/tbAnd when the window area is an integer, keeping the current window area unchanged, and adjusting the length-width ratio of the accumulated temperature window, the grain discharging speed or the grain discharging frequency until the initial data is unchanged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of grain drying, in particular to a grain continuous drying window control method based on equivalent accumulated temperature.
Background
The basic aim of grain drying is to adopt the simplest and feasible drying process control method to remove the moisture in the grain with the lowest drying cost and energy consumption on the premise of keeping the drying process stable, and the online measurement and control of the moisture in the grain and the control of the process quality are very important in the drying process.
The method is influenced by various external environmental conditions, the design factors of the dryer and the like, the drying process is a complex process with a multi-factor coupling characteristic, and in the prior art, the drying process is controlled by adopting single factors such as moisture, temperature and the like, so that the control is not accurate, and the control deviation is easily caused. Due to the lack of dynamic prediction and parameter adaptive adjustment, few effective methods for solving the problems of large delay, nonlinearity, variable parameters and the like in the drying process are available.
The invention patent application with the application number of 201710813306.2 relates to a grain continuous drying measurement and control system and method based on equivalent accumulated temperature, which takes an equivalent accumulated temperature value as an index for long-term control, takes grain moisture out of a machine as an index for short-term control to regulate the machine, and effectively realizes dual-target control of moisture and quality. Although the drying control process is divided into two stages of long-term control and short-term control, the method does not realize fine control in each stage; meanwhile, a fuzzy controller and a PID controller are adopted in the control process, the process is relatively complex, and parameters are not easy to obtain.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention designs and develops a grain continuous drying window control method based on equivalent accumulated temperature, which divides grain moisture control in the grain drying control process into two stages of primary control and accurate control, so that the control accuracy and stability are higher; meanwhile, the drying process is controlled by a graphical method, so that the control process is simpler, more visual and easier to realize, and the technical problems of nonlinearity and large lag of grain drying process control are solved.
The invention provides a grain continuous drying window control method based on equivalent accumulated temperature, which comprises the following steps:
step one, determining raw grain moisture m of grain to be dried1Target moisture mtDrying temperature T, primary adjustment period TaPrecisely adjusting the period tbPrimary control limit2Accurate control limit1(ii) a And
selecting a temperature accumulation window according to the raw grain moisture, the target moisture and the drying temperature;
step two, presetting grain dischargeVelocity v0Or presetting the grain discharging frequency f0Calculating real-time equivalent accumulated temperature by acquiring the temperature of the slow-tempering section grain or the temperature of tail gas in the grain drying process in real time;
calculating the difference value between the outlet moisture corresponding to the current sampling time and the target moisture;
if ti/taIs an integer and | m-mt|≤2Calculating a trend predicted value of the outlet moisture and the target moisture at intervals of the primary adjustment period;
if the trend predicts | m-mt|′>1Adjusting the accumulated temperature window and adjusting the grain discharging speed or the grain discharging frequency through a PID algorithm to enable the grain discharging speed to be m-mt|≤2And the trend predicts a value | m-mt|′≤1；
Wherein, tiN, m being the outlet moisture, | m-m, for the sampling time i ═ 1, 2tI is the difference, | m-mt' is the trend prediction value;
if the raw grain moisture or the drying temperature changes, reselecting the accumulated temperature window until the raw grain moisture or the drying temperature does not change;
step five, when t isi/tbAnd when the integral value is an integer, calculating the real-time equivalent accumulated temperature, keeping the current accumulated temperature window unchanged, adjusting the length-width ratio of the accumulated temperature window, simultaneously adjusting the grain discharging speed or the grain discharging frequency, judging whether the raw grain moisture or the drying temperature is changed, and if so, reselecting the accumulated temperature window until the raw grain moisture or the drying temperature is not changed.
Preferably, the grain discharge speed is calculated by the following formula:
in the formula, KfIn order to correct the coefficient, Q is the grain volume discharged by the grain discharging wheel in unit time,
s is the cross section area of the dryer, f is the grain discharging frequency, t is the unit time, and V is the total volume of grains discharged by the grain discharging wheel.
Preferably, the real-time equivalent accumulated temperature AT in the second step1The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula, HgTo the height of the drying section, HsHeight of the tempering section, v the speed of downward movement of the grain in the dryer, T1、T2、……、TnGrain temperature, T, sequentially collected for a temperature sensoreThe equilibrium temperature is reached.
Preferably, the trend prediction method in step three includes:
step one, drawing a diagonal line of the current accumulated temperature window, wherein the end point on the right side of the diagonal line is the end time of the current accumulated temperature window, and the time period is 0-t0The method comprises the following steps: the actual measurement period is 0 to tyAnd a predicted segment time ty～(t0-ty)；
Step two, according to the actual measurement time period of 0-tyFitting outlet moisture trend lines of the actual measurement section by adopting a least square method according to the outlet moisture data;
step three, fitting a prediction section outlet water trend line according to the actual measurement section outlet water trend line, and predicting outlet water at the end time;
wherein, t0Is the end time; t is tyTo select the time.
Preferably, the adjustment formula of the grain discharging frequency is as follows:
in the formula (f)iIs at the tiGrain discharge frequency, T, of sampling timei1Is at the tiSampling time the temperature, T, measured by the first temperature sensori2Is at the tiTemperature measured by the second temperature sensor at sample time, … … TinIs at the tiTemperature, T, measured by temperature sensor at nth time of samplingeTo balance the temperature, fi-1Is at the ti-1Grain discharge frequency of sampling time, HgFor the height of the drying section, AT0To set the temperature value, HsThe height of the tempering section, v is the speed of the grain moving downwards in the current dryer.
Preferably, the temperature of the grain in the tempering section is measured by a temperature sensor arranged in the tempering section; the temperature of the tail gas is measured by temperature and humidity sensors arranged at the moisture discharge ports of the drying sections.
Preferably, the outlet grain moisture is automatically recorded by a moisture meter installed at the outlet.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention designs and develops a grain continuous drying window control method based on equivalent accumulated temperature, which divides grain moisture control in the grain drying control process into two stages of primary control and accurate control, so that the control accuracy and stability are higher; meanwhile, the drying process is controlled by a graphical method, so that the control process is simpler, more visual and easier to realize, and the technical problems of nonlinearity and large lag of grain drying process control are solved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a grain continuous drying window control method based on equivalent accumulated temperature according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of window control in an embodiment of a grain continuous drying window control method based on equivalent accumulated temperature according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a trend prediction method in a grain continuous drying window control method based on equivalent accumulated temperature according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a process flow chart of a grain continuous drying window control method based on equivalent accumulated temperature according to the invention.
Fig. 5 is a sensor layout diagram of a grain continuous drying window control method based on equivalent accumulated temperature according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.
Fig. 1 shows a flowchart of a grain continuous drying window control method based on equivalent accumulated temperature, which specifically includes the following steps:
step one, inputting and storing initial data including target moisture m of grain to be dried into a control display unit of a dryertRaw grain moisture m1Drying temperature, primary adjustment period taPrecisely adjusting the period tbPrimary control limit2Accurate control limit1(ii) a And according to the raw grain moisture m1Target moisture mtAnd the drying temperature is looked up in a table or a accumulated temperature window is selected by utilizing a calculation model stored in a computer, and the requirements of grain quality and the like are considered when necessary;
the length of the temperature accumulating window is grain drying time, the width of the temperature accumulating window is grain drying temperature, and the area of the temperature accumulating window is an equivalent temperature accumulating value;
step two, presetting grain discharging speed v0Or presetting the grain discharging frequency f0Calculating real-time equivalent accumulated temperature by acquiring the temperature of the slow-tempering section grain or the temperature of tail gas in the grain drying process in real time;
the real-time equivalent accumulated temperature calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, HgTo the height of the drying section, HsHeight of the tempering section, v the speed of downward movement of the grain in the dryer, T1、T2、……、TnGrain temperature, T, sequentially collected for a temperature sensoreThe equilibrium temperature is reached.
Calculating the difference value between the outlet moisture corresponding to the current sampling time and the target moisture;
if ti/taIs an integer and | m-mt|≤2Then, the time of calculating the time of the mouth moisture and the target moisture in the primary adjustment period taPredicting the interval trend;
if the trend predicts | m-mt|′>1Adjusting accumulated temperature window and adjusting grain discharging speed or grain discharging frequency through PID algorithm to enable | m-mt|≤2And the trend predicts a value | m-mt|′≤1(ii) a As shown in FIG. 2, the temperature accumulation window area is determined by AT0Adjusted to AT1(ii) a And by AT1Adjusted to AT2Until the condition | m-m is satisfiedt|≤2And satisfies a trend prediction value | m-mt|′≤1；
Wherein, tiN, m is outlet moisture, | m-m, for sampling time, i ═ 1, 2tI is the difference, m-mt|' is a trend prediction value;
if the initial data changes, reselecting the accumulated temperature window until the initial data does not change;
step five, when t isi/tbWhen the integral value is an integer, calculating the real-time equivalent accumulated temperature and keeping the area of the current window unchanged so as to accurately adjust the period tbAdjusting the length-width ratio of the current accumulated temperature window at intervals, adjusting the grain discharge speed or the grain discharge frequency at the same time, judging whether the initial data changes, and if so, reselecting the accumulated temperature window until the initial data does not change. As shown in FIG. 2, the length-width ratio of the integrating temperature window is measured by CT21Adjusted to CT22And adjusted to CT23Finally adjusted to CT2nUntil the initial data is not changed;
and step six, selecting whether to finish the operation according to the requirement.
As shown in fig. 3, in another embodiment, the trend prediction method includes:
drawing a diagonal line of the accumulated temperature window, wherein the end point on the right side of the diagonal line is the end time t of the current accumulated temperature window0And the time period is 0 to t0Divided into actual measurement time 0-taAnd a predicted segment time ta～t0；
Step two, fitting and measuring the section outlet water trend line by adopting a least square method according to outlet water data in the actual measurement section time;
step three, fitting and predicting section outlet moisture according to the actually measured section outlet moisture trend line, and predicting the end time t of the current accumulated temperature window0Outlet moisture of (3).
Wherein, taTo select the time.
In another embodiment, the selection of the measured period of time and the predicted period of time may be obtained by presetting or by the tendency of precipitation during the drying process.
In another embodiment, the grain discharge speed is calculated by the formula:
in the formula, KfIn order to correct the coefficient, Q is the grain volume discharged by the grain discharging wheel in unit time,
s is the cross section area of the dryer, f is the grain discharging frequency, t is the unit time, and V is the total volume of grains discharged by the grain discharging wheel.
In another embodiment, the adjustment formula of the grain discharging frequency is as follows:
in the formula (f)iIs at the tiGrain discharge frequency, T, of sampling timei1Is at the tiSampling time the temperature, T, measured by the first temperature sensori2Is at the tiTemperature measured by the second temperature sensor at sample time, … … TinIs at the tiTemperature, T, measured by temperature sensor at nth time of samplingeTo balance the temperature, fi-1Is at the ti-1Time-of-sample rowFrequency of grain HgFor the height of the drying section, AT0To set the temperature value, HsThe height of the tempering section, v is the speed of the grain moving downwards in the current dryer.
In another embodiment, the temperature of the grain in the tempering section is measured by a temperature sensor arranged in the tempering section; the temperature of the tail gas is measured by temperature and humidity sensors arranged at the moisture discharge ports of the drying sections; the moisture of the grain at the outlet is automatically recorded by a moisture meter arranged at the outlet.
As a preference for the use of the composition,1＝0.5％，2＝2％。
as shown in fig. 4, when the drying machine performs a drying operation, the pit conveyor 210 and the pit grain loading machine 220 transport grains in the pit to the precleaner 230, after impurity removal by the precleaner 230, the grains enter the tower front elevator 240 through the grain discharge port of the precleaner 230, the tower front elevator 240 transports the grains to the top of the dryer main body 250 and enter the inside of the dryer main body 250 through the grain inlet at the top, the grains slowly fall down in the dryer by the gravity of the grains, during the falling process, the grains sequentially pass through the grain storage section, the drying section, the cooling section and the grain discharge section, and are dried by the hot drying medium in the drying section, the grains are cooled in the cooling section and finally discharged out of the dryer main body through the grain discharge section, the grains discharged out of the dryer main body are transported to the dry grain bin 260 through the belt conveyor 270, and the whole drying process is completed.
The temperature cable 110 comprises a plurality of temperature sensing elements connected by a serial bus and used for data transmission, the temperature sensing elements penetrate through moisture outlets of the dryer, and the temperature sensing elements distributed in the temperature cable can directly sense the temperature of the hot air tail gas at the drying section; the temperature transmitter 120 is connected to the temperature cable 110, and is configured to receive a temperature signal detected by a temperature sensing element in the temperature cable, and convert the temperature signal into a digital signal that can be received by the data processor; the data processor 130 is used for receiving the temperature signal transmitted by the temperature transmitter 120 and calculating, displaying and storing the equivalent accumulated temperature.
In another embodiment, the grain is dried by delivering hot air into the dryer body 250 through a hot air furnace and a hot air blower.
As shown in fig. 5, the arrangement in the dryer main body 250 is as follows:
T01-T03 represents a wind temperature sensor, which is arranged at the connecting end of the fan and the drying section and is used for detecting the hot wind temperature of the fan; t1 represents a temperature cable; TH1 represents a temperature and humidity sensor; C1-C3 represents a damper; m0 represents an inlet moisture meter; m1 represents an outlet moisture meter.
The invention designs and develops a grain continuous drying window control method based on equivalent accumulated temperature, which divides grain moisture control in the grain drying control process into two stages of primary control and accurate control, so that the control accuracy and stability are higher; meanwhile, in the actual operation process, the drying process can be controlled through a graphical method, so that the control process is more visual and easier to realize, and the technical problems of nonlinearity and large lag of grain drying process control are solved.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A grain continuous drying window control method based on equivalent accumulated temperature is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, determining raw grain moisture m of grain to be dried1Target moisture mtDrying temperature T, primary adjustment period TaPrecisely adjusting the period tbPrimary control limit2Accurate control limit1(ii) a And
selecting a temperature accumulation window according to the raw grain moisture, the target moisture and the drying temperature;
step two, presetting grain discharging speed v0Or presetting the grain discharging frequency f0Calculating real-time equivalent accumulated temperature by acquiring the temperature of the slow-tempering section grain or the temperature of tail gas in the grain drying process in real time;
wherein, the real-time equivalent accumulated temperature AT in the second step1The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula, HgTo the height of the drying section, HsHeight of the tempering section, v the speed of downward movement of the grain in the dryer, T1、T2、……、TnGrain temperature, T, sequentially collected for a temperature sensoreIs the equilibrium temperature;
calculating the difference value between the outlet moisture corresponding to the current sampling time and the target moisture;
if ti/taIs an integer and | m-mt|≤2Calculating a trend predicted value of the outlet moisture and the target moisture at intervals of the primary adjustment period;
if the trend predicts | m-mt|′＞1Adjusting the accumulated temperature window and adjusting the accumulated temperature window through a PID algorithm
The grain discharging speed or the grain discharging frequency is adjusted to be m-mt|≤2And the trend predicts a value | m-mt|′≤1；
Wherein, tiN, m being the outlet moisture, | m-m, for the sampling time i ═ 1, 2tI is the difference, | m-mt' is the trend prediction value;
if the raw grain moisture or the drying temperature changes, reselecting the accumulated temperature window until the raw grain moisture or the drying temperature does not change;
step five, when t isi/tbWhen the integral is obtained, calculating the real-time equivalent accumulated temperature, keeping the current accumulated temperature window unchanged, adjusting the length-width ratio of the accumulated temperature window, simultaneously adjusting the grain discharging speed or the grain discharging frequency, judging whether the raw grain moisture or the drying temperature is changed, and if so, reselecting the accumulated temperature window until the raw grain moisture or the drying temperature is not changed。
2. The grain continuous drying window control method based on equivalent accumulated temperature as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grain discharge speed is calculated by the formula:
in the formula, KfIn order to correct the coefficient, Q is the grain volume discharged by the grain discharging wheel in unit time,
s is the cross section area of the dryer, f is the grain discharging frequency, t is the unit time, and V is the total volume of grains discharged by the grain discharging wheel.
3. The method for controlling the grain continuous drying window based on the equivalent accumulated temperature of claim 1, wherein the trend prediction method in the third step comprises the steps of:
step one, drawing a diagonal line of the current accumulated temperature window, wherein the end point on the right side of the diagonal line is the end time of the current accumulated temperature window, and the time period is 0-t0The method comprises the following steps: the actual measurement period is 0 to taAnd a predicted segment time ta～t0；
Step two, according to the time of the actual measurement period from 0 to taFitting outlet moisture trend lines of the actual measurement section by adopting a least square method according to the outlet moisture data;
step three, fitting a prediction section outlet water trend line according to the actual measurement section outlet water trend line, and predicting outlet water at the end time;
wherein, t0Is the end time; t is taTo select the time.
4. The grain continuous drying window control method based on equivalent accumulated temperature according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the adjustment formula of the grain discharge frequency is as follows:
in the formula (f)iIs at the tiGrain discharge frequency, T, of sampling timei1Is at the tiSampling time the temperature, T, measured by the first temperature sensori2Is at the tiTemperature measured by the second temperature sensor at sample time, … … TinIs at the tiTemperature, T, measured by temperature sensor at nth time of samplingeTo balance the temperature, fi-1Is at the ti-1Grain discharge frequency AT sampling time, Hg being dry section height, AT0To set the temperature value, HsThe height of the tempering section, v is the speed of the grain moving downwards in the current dryer.
5. The method for controlling the grain continuous drying window based on the equivalent accumulated temperature of claim 1, wherein the temperature of the grain in the tempering section is measured by a temperature sensor installed at the tempering section; the temperature of the tail gas is measured by temperature and humidity sensors arranged at the moisture discharge ports of the drying sections.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the outlet moisture is recorded by a moisture meter installed at the outlet.
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| US4750273A (en) * | 1984-09-13 | 1988-06-14 | Shivvers Inc. | Computer controlled grain drying |
| JP2599270B2 (en) * | 1987-09-07 | 1997-04-09 | 金子農機株式会社 | Grain drying method |
| JPH04194582A (en) * | 1990-11-27 | 1992-07-14 | Iseki & Co Ltd | Feeding operation control system for grain drying adjuster |
| JPH06273039A (en) * | 1993-03-19 | 1994-09-30 | Iseki & Co Ltd | Grain drying control method for grain dryer |
| US6085443A (en) * | 1999-09-03 | 2000-07-11 | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. | Apparatus and method for drying relatively small lots of products |
| JP4440044B2 (en) * | 2004-08-31 | 2010-03-24 | 津田駒工業株式会社 | Temperature control method for hot air dryer and hot air dryer |
| CN101731327B (en) * | 2010-01-05 | 2012-12-26 | 华南农业大学 | Centralized drying system of high-humidity grain and drying method thereof |
| CN104663877A (en) * | 2015-02-15 | 2015-06-03 | 安徽大洋自动化科技有限公司 | Intelligent grain drying control method |
| CN105841472B (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2018-07-31 | 李洪毅 | A kind of grain alternating temperature vacuum dryer and method |
| CN107688714B (en) * | 2017-09-11 | 2020-05-15 | 吉林大学 | Method for drawing and searching grain drying theory accumulated temperature quality graph |
| CN107577257B (en) * | 2017-09-11 | 2019-07-12 | 吉林大学 | A kind of investigating method that the grain based on temperature zone is continuous drying |
| CN108225608B (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2019-05-17 | 吉林大学 | A kind of continuous drying process temperature zone measurement method of grain |
| CN108681345B (en) * | 2018-04-02 | 2019-08-09 | 吉林大学 | A kind of grain cyclic drying investigating method and device based on temperature zone |
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