CN110346412B - Negative feedback control loading device and method for ultrasonic excitation of concrete member - Google Patents
Negative feedback control loading device and method for ultrasonic excitation of concrete member Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a negative feedback control loading device and method for ultrasonic excitation of a concrete member, and belongs to the technical field of civil engineering and concrete construction. A negative feedback control loading device and method for ultrasonic vibration excitation of concrete member can strictly and stably apply magnetic attraction force according to expectation, control coupling pressure takes the value of the magnetic attraction force as an upper limit, and changes the amplitude of the vibration force required by the normal output of the ultrasonic vibration generation system, so that an ultrasonic wave generation circuit in the vibration excitation can be always positioned near the optimal working point. When the magnetic attraction is completely converted into the coupling pressure to act on the vibration exciter, the magnetic attraction is attenuated due to the periodic change of the distance between the loading limiting sleeve main body part and the base caused by the vibration exciting stroke of the vibration exciter (the magnetic attraction is maximum when the electromagnet is in close contact with the base and is reduced along with the increase of the separation distance between the electromagnet and the base), and the magnetic attraction can be compensated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of civil engineering and concrete construction, in particular to a negative feedback control loading device and method for ultrasonic excitation of a concrete member.
Background
Cracks are the most typical and common form of concrete structure diseases, and deeply affect the durability and stability of the structure. The large-size visible cracks are formed by the development of the microcracks, the cracks are found (not detected) in time, the structural microcracks in the cracks are prevented and controlled as soon as possible, engineering accidents can be avoided, and the method has very important technical value. Currently, common concrete defect detection methods, such as an ultrasonic detection method, a radar method and a crack microscopy method, are used for detecting parameters such as the width of a found crack, and do not have the capability of actively finding a micro crack. Ultrasound-stimulated infrared thermal imaging techniques have been demonstrated to enable the discovery of microcracks in concrete structures. But the efficiency of the crack was found to be low due to the weak ultrasonic excitation effect.
When the ultrasonic vibration exciter works, coupling pressure with a certain magnitude needs to be applied to the exciting head, so that the ultrasonic vibration exciting circuit is in an optimal working point, and the maximum acoustic output power of the vibration exciter is ensured. There are three current coupling pressure application methods: first, a pneumatic servo loading method of an ultrasonic welding machine. According to the method, coupling pressure is applied by adopting air pressure, the coupling pressure cannot be actively controlled in excitation, and the excitation pressure has certain fluctuation; in addition, the method has good effect in the welding work of small plastic parts, but cannot adapt to the ultrasonic excitation of concrete members or structures, because the concrete members or structures are often large and cannot be placed on an operation platform of an ultrasonic welding machine. Second, manual hand-held loading methods. The loading pressure of the method is limited, and the situation that the continuous loading is required to be more than 500N is difficult to meet; and the load fluctuation of manual loading is large, the working point of the ultrasonic generator is seriously drifted, and equipment is often stopped. Thirdly, the loading sleeve method generally adopts a metal loading sleeve and also adopts a nylon material, threads are carved on the inner wall of the loading sleeve, a probe is screwed into the loading sleeve, and coupling pressure is exerted by screwing, and the method has the defects that the relaxation is easy to occur in the ultrasonic excitation process, and the coupling pressure is seriously reduced; moreover, even under the condition that the thread engagement is not loosened, the coupling pressure can also fluctuate greatly in the excitation process, and the ultrasonic generator can be in a poor working area. In addition, other loading modes include a bench clamp loading method, and the method is generally only suitable for small concrete test pieces and is easy to cause the poor working point of the ultrasonic generator.
The discovery of concrete microcracks by ultrasonic excitation infrared thermography is an innovative technology with great value, but the application of coupling load becomes a neck link of the technology, and the prior art is difficult to adapt to the large size and irregular shape of a concrete structure or has the defect that the applied coupling load is unstable.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the applied coupling load is unstable or is difficult to adapt to the large size and irregular shape of a concrete structure in the prior art, and provides a negative feedback control loading device and method for ultrasonic excitation of a concrete member.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a negative feedback control loading device for ultrasonic excitation of a concrete member comprises: base, electro-magnet, support cover, hob, the miniature pressure sensor of high frequency developments and current control module, the base lower surface with be adopted the bonding of adhesive between the detected object, base upper surface and electro-magnet lower surface magnetic adsorption, electro-magnet upper end and support cover lower extreme fixed connection, the hob has been cup jointed to the internal thread in support cover upper end, be provided with self-locking mechanism and lower extreme fixed mounting on the hob and have the miniature pressure sensor of high frequency developments, the miniature pressure sensor of high frequency developments and current control module electric connection, electro-magnet, support cover, hob and the miniature pressure sensor of high frequency developments constitute loading stop collar main part.
Preferably, the current control module comprises a touch screen, a main controller, a filter circuit, a voltage-controlled current element and a differential amplification circuit, wherein the main controller adopts a single chip microcomputer, and the model of the single chip microcomputer is preferably STC12C2052 AD.
Preferably, the adhesive is FC-SRS steel adhesive.
Preferably, the support sleeve and the screw rod are made of stainless steel.
Preferably, the base is an annular cylinder, and the inner diameter of the base is 0.5-5mm larger than the diameter of the vibration exciter; the thickness is not less than 8mm, and the base is made of metal with high iron content such as cast iron or steel.
A negative feedback control loading method for ultrasonic excitation of a concrete member is applied to a negative feedback control loading device for ultrasonic excitation of the concrete member, and comprises the following steps:
s1, fixing the base on the surface of the component to be detected, placing the loading limiting sleeve main body part on the base, and switching on a negative feedback control loading device circuit to enable the loading limiting sleeve main body to be adsorbed on the base through magnetic attraction;
s2, placing the vibration exciter in the loading limiting sleeve main body, inputting a magnetic attraction force signal to be applied to the current control module, and generating corresponding magnetic attraction force between the loading limiting sleeve main body and the base;
s3, rotationally loading the spiral rod in the limiting sleeve main body to enable the spiral rod to abut against and press the vibration exciter, completely converting the magnetic attraction into the coupling pressure of the vibration exciter, and then locking the spiral rod;
s4, when the vibration exciter excites a component to be tested, the current control module adjusts output current in real time according to a pressure signal transmitted back by the high-frequency dynamic micro pressure sensor in the loading limiting sleeve, and negative feedback control of the coupling pressure of the vibration exciter is realized;
and S5, after detection is finished, releasing the coupling pressure, stopping limiting the vibration exciter, and withdrawing the loading limiting sleeve main body part and the current control module.
Preferably, in S1, a flat and clean component surface is selected to fix the base and serve as a surface to be excited, so as to reduce the loss of acoustic energy on the excitation surface, and the base and the component to be detected are bonded by FC-SRS steel adhesive.
Preferably, in S1, the current value of the electromagnet needs to be increased and then decreased from the initial value before excitation to the initial value as the excitation stroke according to the excitation frequency, and the increase and decrease of the current value is determined based on the magnetic attraction force being stabilized to the predetermined value before excitation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a negative feedback control loading device and method for ultrasonic excitation of a concrete member, which have the following beneficial effects:
in the excitation process, the magnetic attraction force can be stably exerted strictly according to expectation, the coupling pressure is controlled by taking the value of the magnetic attraction force as the upper limit and the amplitude of the excitation force required by the normal output wave vibration of the ultrasonic generation system as the change, so that an ultrasonic generation circuit in the excitation can be always positioned near the optimal working point. When the magnetic attraction is completely converted into the coupling pressure to act on the vibration exciter, the magnetic attraction is attenuated due to the periodic change of the distance between the loading limiting sleeve main body part and the base caused by the vibration exciting stroke of the vibration exciter (the magnetic attraction is maximum when the electromagnet is in close contact with the base and is reduced along with the increase of the separation distance between the electromagnet and the base), and the magnetic attraction can be compensated. Because the magnetic attraction is decided by the current in the electromagnet, and the current is controlled by the current control module, the pressure sensor monitors the fluctuation rule of the coupling pressure in the excitation, and the coupling pressure is input into the current control module by a changed voltage signal, and the current in the electromagnet is adjusted by the current control module in real time according to the characteristics of the input signal, so that the stability of the magnetic attraction is ensured. The stable and proper magnetic attraction can control the coupling pressure to maintain the ultrasonic wave generating circuit in the excitation near a good working point, and the ultrasonic excitation infrared thermal imaging technology is favorable for efficiently detecting the concrete microcracks.
Compared with a pneumatic servo loading system, the device provided by the invention is simple to operate and easy to arrange, and can be used for comprehensively and flexibly detecting large-volume concrete members.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall schematic diagram of a negative feedback control loading device for ultrasonic excitation of a concrete member according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a concrete member physical diagram used in example 3;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a concrete column used in example 3;
FIG. 4 is a visible light diagram of a 50W and 40kHz vibration exciter respectively pre-tensioned by stainless steel pressure tongs and a negative feedback control loading device for ultrasonic excitation of a concrete member, which is provided by the invention (a, the stainless steel pressure tongs; b, the negative feedback control loading device);
FIG. 5 shows a thermal image (a, stainless steel pressure clamp; b, negative feedback control loading device) of a concrete member excited by a 50W, 40kHz vibration exciter when stainless steel pressure clamp and the negative feedback control loading device for ultrasonic excitation of a concrete member according to the present invention pre-tighten 960N coupling pressure (initial value before excitation), respectively;
FIG. 6 is a thermal image of a concrete column excited by a 100W and 40kHz exciter when the negative feedback control loading device for ultrasonic excitation of a concrete member according to the present invention preloads 1500N coupling pressure (initial value before excitation).
The reference numbers in the figures illustrate:
101 base, 102 electromagnet, 103 support sleeve, 104 screw rod, 105 high-frequency dynamic miniature pressure sensor and 106 current control module.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
A negative feedback control loading device for ultrasonic excitation of a concrete member comprises: the loading limiting sleeve comprises a base 101, an electromagnet 102, a supporting sleeve 103, a spiral rod 104, a high-frequency dynamic micro pressure sensor 105 and a current control module 106, wherein the lower surface of the base 101 is bonded with a detected object by using an adhesive, the upper surface of the base 101 is magnetically adsorbed with the lower surface of the electromagnet 102, the upper end of the electromagnet 102 is fixedly connected with the lower end of the supporting sleeve 103, the spiral rod 104 is sleeved on an internal thread at the upper end of the supporting sleeve 103, a self-locking mechanism is arranged on the spiral rod 104, the lower end of the spiral rod is fixedly provided with the high-frequency dynamic micro pressure sensor 105, the high-frequency dynamic micro pressure sensor 105 is electrically connected with the current control module 106, and the electromagnet 102, the supporting sleeve 103.
The high-frequency dynamic micro pressure sensor 105 is a diffused silicon piezoresistive pressure sensor.
The current control module 106 is composed of a touch screen, a main controller, a filter circuit, a voltage-controlled current element and a differential amplifier circuit. Inputting a magnetic attraction force application signal through a touch screen, and displaying a time curve of coupling pressure in excitation; the main controller adopts a single chip microcomputer, the model of the single chip microcomputer STC12C2052AD mainly uses a PWM (pulse width modulation) function and an analog-to-digital conversion function; the filter circuit can convert the PWM into direct current voltage, and the voltage-controlled current element generates corresponding current according to the voltage; the differential amplification circuit processes and amplifies the high-frequency voltage signal collected by the pressure sensor.
The adhesive is FC-SRS steel adhesive.
The support sleeve 103 and the screw rod 104 are made of stainless steel.
The base 101 is an annular cylinder, and the inner diameter of the base is 0.5-5mm larger than the diameter of the vibration exciter; the thickness is not less than 8mm, and the base 101 is made of cast iron or steel and other metals with high iron content.
Example 2:
the difference is based on example 1:
a negative feedback control loading method for ultrasonic excitation of a concrete member is applied to a negative feedback control loading device for ultrasonic excitation of the concrete member, and comprises the following steps:
s1, fixing the base 101 on the surface of the component to be detected, placing the loading limiting sleeve main body part on the base 101, and switching on a negative feedback loading device circuit to enable the loading limiting sleeve main body to be adsorbed on the base 101 through magnetic attraction;
s2, placing the vibration exciter in the loading limiting sleeve main body, inputting a magnetic attraction force signal to be applied to the current control module, and generating corresponding magnetic attraction force between the loading limiting sleeve main body and the base 101;
s3, rotationally loading the spiral rod 104 in the limiting sleeve main body to abut against and press the vibration exciter, completely converting the magnetic attraction into the coupling pressure of the vibration exciter, and then locking the spiral rod 104;
s4, when the vibration exciter excites a component to be tested, the current control module 106 adjusts output current in real time according to a pressure signal returned by the high-frequency dynamic micro pressure sensor 105 in the loading limiting sleeve, so that negative feedback control of the coupling pressure of the vibration exciter is realized;
and S5, after the detection is finished, releasing the coupling pressure, stopping limiting the vibration exciter, and withdrawing the loading limiting sleeve main body part and the current control module 106.
Further, in S1, preferably, the base 101 is fixed on the surface of the component to be tested and is selected to be a flat and clean surface to be excited, so as to reduce the loss of the acoustic energy on the excitation surface, and the base 101 and the component to be tested are bonded by FC-SRS steel adhesive.
Further, it is preferable that the current value in the electromagnet 102 in S1 is increased from the initial value before excitation and then decreased to the initial value as the excitation stroke, in accordance with the excitation frequency, and the increase or decrease of the current value is based on the magnetic attraction force being stabilized to the predetermined value before excitation.
In the present invention, the magnetic attraction force in S1 is generated by the energized magnet and controlled by the current in the magnet, and the magnitude of the magnetic attraction force can be changed periodically according to the excitation frequency. When the magnetic attraction is completely converted into the coupling pressure of the vibration exciter, the telescopic stroke of the vibration exciter in the vibration excitation causes the periodic change that the contact state between the loading limiting sleeve main body part and the base is converted from contact to separation and then is converted into contact, and the coupling pressure is reduced along with the increase of the separation distance from the initial value in the contact process and gradually increased along with the reduction of the separation distance until the initial value is recovered when the vibration exciter is contacted again; the fluctuation of the coupling pressure in the excitation stroke of the vibration exciter due to the change of the magnetic attraction can cause the working point of the ultrasonic generator to drift, and the excitation effect is influenced; therefore, in S1, the current value of the electromagnet needs to be increased and then decreased from the initial value before excitation to the initial value as the excitation frequency, and the increase and decrease of the current value is based on the fact that the magnetic attraction force is stabilized to the predetermined value before excitation. The current program control module in S2 takes a singlechip as a core control chip, and the current can be controlled to milliampere level; the control module is provided with a touch screen, and the magnitude of the output magnetic attraction is set on the touch screen according to the power of the vibration exciter and the volume of the concrete test block to be tested; the single chip microcomputer is controlled by software according to the input magnetic attraction force value to generate corresponding PWM waves, the PWM waves are converted into direct-current voltage after passing through the filter circuit, and then the voltage-controlled current element is driven to generate corresponding current; s3, monitoring the conversion condition of the magnetic attraction force to the coupling pressure through a high-frequency dynamic miniature pressure sensor at the contact end of the spiral rod and the vibration exciter; the criteria for complete conversion are: the reading of the pressure sensor is just the magnetic attraction value input on the touch screen; the method for realizing the coupling pressure negative feedback control in the S4 comprises the following steps: the pressure sensor collects the fluctuating coupling pressure, converts the coupling pressure into a voltage signal and inputs the voltage signal into the current control module through Bluetooth; the voltage signal is input into an analog-to-digital converter after being differentiated and amplified; the analog-to-digital converter processes and converts the digital signals into digital signals and inputs the digital signals into the singlechip; the single chip microcomputer adjusts the output voltage value according to the fluctuation characteristics of the digital signal, so that the base voltage of the output power tube changes, the current magnitude input into the electromagnet is indirectly changed, the magnetic attraction force is stabilized to the initial value before excitation, and the coupling pressure is enabled to use the magnetic attraction force as the upper limit and to normally output the amplitude change of the excitation force corresponding to the wave oscillation according to the ultrasonic generating circuit.
Example 3:
the differences based on examples 1 and 2 are:
the method comprises the steps of taking a concrete test piece with the thickness of 100mm × 100 and the thickness of 100mm × 400mm as an excitation object, wherein the near surface of the concrete test piece is provided with microcracks, as shown in figure 2, a vibrator with the power of 40kHz and 50W is selected as an exciter, magnetic attraction values of 660N, 760N, 860N and 960N are respectively input to a touch screen of a current control module of a negative feedback control loading device, four coupling pressure excitation tests are correspondingly carried out, the excitation is carried out for 8s in each test, the current control module can control output current in feedback according to fluctuating electric signals returned by a high-frequency dynamic micro pressure sensor during excitation, so that the magnetic attraction is stable to be an initial coupling pressure value, stainless steel pressure clamps are used for respectively applying initial coupling pressures of 660N, 760N, 860N and 960N to the exciter, the test piece is continuously excited for 8s, and is compared with the loading test of the negative feedback control loading device, the excitation effects of the two sets of tests are as shown in.
TABLE 1 temperature rise value of maximum temperature rise point in microcrack after 8s of excitation
| Coupling pressure | Stainless steel pressure clamp | Negative feedback control loading device |
| 660N | 0.25℃ | 1.27℃ |
| 760N | 0.5℃ | 1.67℃ |
| 860N | 0.65℃ | 2℃ |
| 960N | 1.08℃ | 3.52℃ |
As can be seen from Table 1, the temperature rise value of the four loading pressures of the pressure clamp is 1.08 ℃ at most, and the temperature rise value under the loading action of the negative feedback control loading device is 1 ℃ higher than that of the pressure clamp under the same pressure action generally, and even 2.44 ℃ higher than that of the pressure clamp under the action of 960N magnetic attraction force. Therefore, the method and the device provided by the invention can detect the concrete microcracks more efficiently.
The method comprises the steps of taking a concrete column with the thickness of 400mm × 400mm × 900mm as an excited object, wherein the column contains a large number of microcracks including surface microcracks, as shown in figure 3, selecting a vibrator with the power of 100W and the frequency of 40kHz as a vibration exciter, fixing a loading limiting sleeve on a certain to-be-detected surface of the concrete column, inputting 1800N magnetic attraction force on a touch screen of a current control module of a negative feedback control loading device, continuously exciting the vibration exciter for 10s, wherein the current control module can feed back and control output current according to fluctuating electric signals returned by a high-frequency dynamic micro pressure sensor during excitation, and ensuring that the magnetic attraction force is stabilized to 1800N.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A negative feedback control loading device for ultrasonic excitation of a concrete member comprises: base (101), electro-magnet (102), support cover (103), hob (104), miniature pressure sensor of high frequency developments (105) and current control module (106), its characterized in that: adopt the adhesive to bond between base (101) lower surface and the detected object, base (101) upper surface and electro-magnet (102) lower surface magnetic adsorption, electro-magnet (102) upper end and support cover (103) lower extreme fixed connection, support cover (103) upper end internal thread cover and connect screw rod (104), be provided with self-locking mechanism and lower extreme fixed mounting on screw rod (104) and have high frequency dynamic miniature pressure sensor (105), high frequency dynamic miniature pressure sensor (105) and current control module (106) electric connection, electro-magnet (102), support cover (103), screw rod (104) and high frequency dynamic miniature pressure sensor (105) constitute loading stop collar main part, the vibration exciter is place to base (101) inside.
2. The negative feedback control loading device for ultrasonic excitation of the concrete member according to claim 1, wherein: the current control module (106) is composed of a touch screen, a main controller, a filter circuit, a voltage-controlled current element and a differential amplification circuit, wherein the main controller adopts a single chip microcomputer, and the model of the single chip microcomputer is STC12C2052 AD.
3. The negative feedback control loading device for ultrasonic excitation of the concrete member according to claim 1, wherein: the adhesive is FC-SRS steel adhesive.
4. The negative feedback control loading device for ultrasonic excitation of the concrete member according to claim 1, wherein: the support sleeve (103) and the screw rod (104) are made of stainless steel materials.
5. The negative feedback control loading device for ultrasonic excitation of the concrete member according to claim 1, wherein: the base (101) is an annular cylinder, and the inner diameter of the base is 0.5-5mm larger than the diameter of the vibration exciter; the thickness is not less than 8mm, and the base (101) is made of metal with high iron content.
6. A negative feedback control loading method for ultrasonic excitation of a concrete member is characterized by comprising the following steps: the negative feedback control loading device applied to the ultrasonic excitation of the concrete member in the claim 1 comprises the following steps:
s1, fixing the base (101) on the surface of the component to be detected, placing the loading limiting sleeve main body part on the base (101), and switching on a negative feedback control loading device circuit to enable the loading limiting sleeve main body to be adsorbed on the base (101) through magnetic attraction;
s2, placing a vibration exciter on the surface of a component to be tested in the base (101), inputting a magnetic attraction force signal to be applied to the current control module, and loading the spacing sleeve between the main body and the base (101) to generate corresponding magnetic attraction force;
s3, rotationally loading a spiral rod (104) in the limiting sleeve main body to abut against and press the vibration exciter, completely converting the magnetic attraction into the coupling pressure of the vibration exciter, and then locking the spiral rod (104);
s4, when the vibration exciter excites a component to be tested, the current control module (106) adjusts output current in real time according to a pressure signal returned by the high-frequency dynamic micro pressure sensor (105) in the loading limiting sleeve, so that negative feedback control of the coupling pressure of the vibration exciter is realized;
and S5, after the detection is finished, releasing the coupling pressure, stopping limiting the vibration exciter, and withdrawing the loading limiting sleeve main body part and the current control module (106).
7. The negative feedback control loading method for ultrasonic excitation of the concrete member according to claim 6, wherein: in the step S1, the base (101) is fixed on the surface of the component to be tested, the surface is smooth and clean and serves as a surface to be excited, the loss of sound energy on the excitation surface is reduced, and the base (101) and the component to be tested are bonded by adopting FC-SRS steel adhesive.
8. The negative feedback control loading method for ultrasonic excitation of the concrete member according to claim 6, wherein: in the step S1, the current value of the electromagnet (102) needs to be increased and then decreased from the initial value before excitation to the initial value along with the excitation frequency, and the increase and decrease of the current value is based on the fact that the magnetic attraction force is stabilized to the preset value before excitation.
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| CN113390923B (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2022-07-15 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Concrete microscopic defect ultrasonic thermal excitation stroke self-adaptive loading device and method |
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