CN110346412A - A kind of the negative feedback control loading device and method of concrete component ultrasonic excitation - Google Patents
A kind of the negative feedback control loading device and method of concrete component ultrasonic excitation Download PDFInfo
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- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
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- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of negative feedback control loading device of concrete component ultrasonic excitation and methods, belong to civil engineering and concrete construction technical field.A kind of the negative feedback control loading device and method of concrete component ultrasonic excitation, it can stringent stable application magnetic attraction as expected, coupling pressure is controlled using the magnetic force value as the upper limit, amplitude of exciting force necessary to being shaken with the normal output wave of ultrasonic generating system is variation, so that the ultrasonic output circuit in exciting can be always near best operating point.When magnetic attraction, which is fully converted to coupling pressure, to be acted on vibration excitor, (magnetic attraction is maximum when electromagnet and pedestal are in close contact for the decaying caused by magnetic attraction due to vibration excitor exciting stroke causes to load between limit sleeve main part and pedestal the mechanical periodicity of distance, reduce with the increase of separating distance between the two), it can be compensated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to civil engineering and concrete construction technical field more particularly to a kind of concrete component ultrasonic excitations
Negative feedback control loading device and method.
Background technique
Crack is most typically in concrete structure disease, the most common form, profoundly affects structure durability and stability.
Large scale visible crack is developed by micro-crack and is formed, and finds (non-detection) crackle in time, and as early as possible to therein structural micro-
Crackle carries out prevention and control, can avoid the generation of engineering accident, has highly important technological value.Currently, common concrete defect
Detection method is fallen into, is the width etc. in the crack that detection has been found that such as ultrasonic Detection Method, radar method, crack microscopic method
Parameter does not have the ability for actively discovering microcrack.Ultrasonic action infrared thermal imaging technique has been shown to discovery concrete
Micro-crack in structure.But since ultrasonic action effect is weaker, it is found that the efficiency in crack is relatively low.
When ultrasonic excitation device works, a certain size coupling pressure need to be applied to driving head, be in ultrasonic excitation circuit
Best operating point, the output acoustic power to guarantee vibration excitor are maximum.There are three types of current coupling pressure applying modes: first, ultrasound
The pneumatic servo Loading Method of bonding machine.This method applies coupling pressure using air pressure, is unable to active control coupling pressure in exciting,
And exciting pressure has certain fluctuation；Though not adapted in addition, this method effect in the welding of plastics smallclothes is preferable
The ultrasonic action of concrete component or structure cannot be put into ultrasonic bonding machine because concrete component or structure are often larger
Operating platform on.Second, man-hour manually hand-held Loading Method.The on-load pressure of this method is limited, for need persistently to load 500N with
On situation be difficult to meet；And the load fluctuation manually loaded is larger, and the operating point drift of supersonic generator is serious, often
Cause equipment downtime.Third, loading sleeve method, this method generally use Metal loading set, also have using nylon material, loading sleeve
Inner wall is carved with screw thread, and probe is screwed into loading sleeve, by tightening application coupling pressure, the disadvantage is that being easy during ultrasonic action
It relaxes, coupling pressure reduces serious；Also, even if during excitation, coupling is pressed in the unflagging situation of threaded engagement
Larger fluctuation can also occur for power, and supersonic generator can be in undesirable working region.In addition, there are also bench vices for other loading methods
Loading Method, this method are generally only applicable to lesser concrete sample, and also easily cause the operating point of supersonic generator bad.
Ultrasonic action infrared thermal imagery discovery micro-crack in concrete is the innovative technology with substantial worth, but is coupled
The application of load becomes the link of seizing by the throat of this technology, and the prior art is difficult to adapt to concrete structure large scale and irregular shape
Shape, or have the shortcomings that the coupling load of application is unstable.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to solve the prior arts to have the coupling load applied unstable, or is difficult to adapt to coagulation
The problem of soil structure large scale and irregular shape, and a kind of negative feedback control load of the concrete component ultrasonic excitation proposed
Device and method.
To achieve the goals above, present invention employs following technical solutions:
A kind of negative feedback control loading device of concrete component ultrasonic excitation, comprising: pedestal, electromagnet, support sleeve, spiral
Bar, high frequency dynamic micro pressure sensor and current control module, using viscous between the base lower surface and detected object
Agent bonding, the base upper surface and electromagnet lower surface magnetic absorption are connect, the electromagnet upper end is fixed with support sleeve lower end
Connection, support set upper side internal whorl are socketed with screw rod, self-locking mechanism are provided on the screw rod and lower end is fixed
High frequency dynamic micro pressure sensor is installed, the high frequency dynamic micro pressure sensor electrically connects with current control module
It connects, the electromagnet, support sleeve, screw rod and high frequency dynamic micro pressure sensor composition load limit sleeve main part.
Preferably, the current control module is by touch screen, master controller, filter circuit, voltage controlled current element and difference
Amplifying circuit composition, the master controller use single-chip microcontroller, the preferred STC12C2052AD of single-chip microcontroller model.
Preferably, the bonding agent uses FC-SRS steel bonding glue.
Preferably, the support sleeve and screw rod are manufactured using stainless steel material.
Preferably, the pedestal is circular cylinder, internal diameter 0.5-5mm big compared with vibration excitor diameter；Thickness is not less than 8mm,
The pedestal is using high metals of iron-content such as cast iron or steel.
A kind of negative feedback control loading method of concrete component ultrasonic excitation is applied to a kind of concrete component ultrasound and swashs
The negative feedback control loading device of vibration, comprising the following steps:
S1, pedestal is fixed on component surface to be detected, load limit sleeve main part is placed on pedestal, negative-feedback control is connected
Loading device circuit processed is adsorbed in load limit sleeve main body on pedestal by magnetic attraction；
S2, vibration excitor is placed in load limit sleeve main body, inputs the quasi- magnetic force signal applied, load to current control module
Correspondingly sized magnetic attraction is generated between limit sleeve main body and pedestal；
Screw rod in S3, rotation load limit sleeve main body, resists it and presses vibration excitor, magnetic attraction is fully converted to swash
Shake device coupling pressure, finger lock screw rod；
S4, in vibration excitor exciting component to be measured, current control module according to load limit sleeve medium-high frequency dynamic micro pressure pass
The pressure signal that sensor is passed back adjusts output electric current in real time, realizes the negative feedback control to vibration excitor coupling pressure；
S5, it after completing detection, discharges coupling pressure and stops limiting vibration excitor, withdraw load limit sleeve main part and electric current
Control module.
Preferably, smooth and clean component surface firm banking should be selected in the S1 and as to exciting face, reduction
Loss of the acoustic energy on exciting face uses FC-SRS steel bonding glue to carry out be bonded between the pedestal and component to be measured.
Preferably, the current value in the S1 in electromagnet need to be according to excited frequency, with exciting stroke by first before exciting
Beginning size first increases and then decreases returns to initial value, and magnetic attraction should be to be stabilized to the pre-add before exciting by the amplitude of current value increase and decrease
Value is standard.
Compared with prior art, the present invention provides a kind of negative feedback control loading devices of concrete component ultrasonic excitation
And method, have it is following the utility model has the advantages that
During exciting of the present invention, can stringent stable application magnetic attraction as expected, it is upper for controlling coupling pressure with the magnetic force value
Limit, amplitude of exciting force necessary to being shaken with the normal output wave of ultrasonic generating system is variation, so that the ultrasonic wave in exciting occurs
Circuit can be always near best operating point.When magnetic attraction, which is fully converted to coupling pressure, to be acted on vibration excitor, because swashing
Vibration device exciting stroke causes to load the mechanical periodicity of distance between limit sleeve main part and pedestal and the decaying caused by magnetic attraction
(magnetic attraction is maximum when electromagnet and pedestal are in close contact, and reduces with the increase of separating distance between the two), can be compensated.
Because magnetic attraction is determined by the electric current in electromagnet, and the electric current is controlled by current control module, pressure sensor in exciting
The fluctuation pattern of coupling pressure is monitored, and by it with the voltage signal input current control module of variation, current control module root
Electric current in the characteristics of according to the input signal real-time regulating magnet, to guarantee the stabilization of magnetic attraction.Stable, suitable size
Magnetic attraction can control coupling pressure that the ultrasonic output circuit in exciting is maintained near good operating point, be conducive to ultrasound
Excitation Infrared Thermography Technology efficiently detects micro-crack in concrete.
For the present invention compared with Pneumatic servo loading system, apparatus of the present invention are easy to operate, lay and are easy, can be comprehensive and clever
Mass concrete component is detected livingly.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of whole signal of negative feedback control loading device of concrete component ultrasonic excitation proposed by the present invention
Figure；
Fig. 2 is concrete component pictorial diagram used in embodiment 3；
Fig. 3 is concrete column pictorial diagram used in embodiment 3；
Fig. 4 is that stainless steel pressure clamps and a kind of negative feedback control of concrete component ultrasonic excitation proposed by the present invention loads dress
Set visible light figure (a, the stainless steel pressure pincers for pre-tightening 50W, 40kHz vibration excitor respectively；B, negative feedback control loading device)；
Fig. 5 is that stainless steel pressure clamps and a kind of negative feedback control of concrete component ultrasonic excitation proposed by the present invention loads dress
When setting preload 960N coupling pressure (initial value before exciting) respectively, the thermography of 50W, 40kHz vibration excitor exciting concrete component
(a, stainless steel pressure pincers；B, negative feedback control loading device)；
Fig. 6 is that a kind of negative feedback control loading device of concrete component ultrasonic excitation proposed by the present invention pre-tightens 1500N coupling
When pressure (initial value before exciting), the thermography of 100W, 40kHz vibration excitor exciting concrete column.
Figure label explanation:
101 pedestals, 102 electromagnet, 103 support sleeves, 104 screw rods, 105 high frequency dynamic micro pressure sensors, 106 electric current controls
Molding block.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that, term " on ", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top",
The orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as "bottom", "inner", "outside" is to be based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to just
In description the present invention and simplify description, rather than the device or element of indication or suggestion meaning must have a particular orientation, with
Specific orientation construction and operation, therefore be not considered as limiting the invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of negative feedback control loading device of concrete component ultrasonic excitation, comprising: pedestal 101, electromagnet 102, support sleeve
103, screw rod 104, high frequency dynamic micro pressure sensor 105 and current control module 106,101 lower surface of pedestal and tested
It surveys between object and is bonded using bonding agent, 101 upper surface of pedestal and 102 lower surface magnetic absorption of electromagnet, 102 upper end of electromagnet
It is fixedly connected with 103 lower end of support sleeve, 103 upper end internal whorl of support sleeve is socketed with screw rod 104, is arranged on screw rod 104
There is self-locking mechanism and lower end is fixedly installed with high frequency dynamic micro pressure sensor 105, high frequency dynamic micro pressure sensor 105
It is electrically connected with current control module 106, electromagnet 102, support sleeve 103, screw rod 104 and high frequency dynamic micro pressure sensing
The composition load limit sleeve main part of device 105.
High frequency dynamic micro pressure sensor 105 selects diffused silicon piezoresistive pressure sensor.
Current control module 106 is by touch screen, master controller, filter circuit, voltage controlled current element and differential amplifier circuit
Composition.Quasi- application magnetic force signal is inputted by touch screen, and shows the time-history curves of coupling pressure in exciting；Master controller is adopted
With single-chip microcontroller, single-chip microcontroller model STC12C2052AD has mainly used PWM pulsewidth modulation function and analog-digital conversion function；Filtering
PWM can be switched to DC voltage by circuit, and voltage controlled current element generates corresponding electric current according to voltage；Differential amplifier circuit passes pressure
The collected high-frequency voltage signal processing of sensor, amplification.
Bonding agent uses FC-SRS steel bonding glue.
Support sleeve 103 and screw rod 104 are manufactured using stainless steel material.
Pedestal 101 is circular cylinder, internal diameter 0.5-5mm big compared with vibration excitor diameter；Thickness is not less than 8mm, and pedestal 101 is adopted
Cylinder iron or the high metal of iron-content such as steel.
Embodiment 2:
It is different based on embodiment 1:
A kind of negative feedback control loading method of concrete component ultrasonic excitation, applied to a kind of concrete component ultrasonic excitation
Negative feedback control loading device, comprising the following steps:
S1, pedestal 101 is fixed on component surface to be detected, load limit sleeve main part is placed on pedestal 101, connected negative
Loading device circuit is fed back, is adsorbed in load limit sleeve main body on pedestal 101 by magnetic attraction；
S2, vibration excitor is placed in load limit sleeve main body, inputs the quasi- magnetic force signal applied, load to current control module
Correspondingly sized magnetic attraction is generated between limit sleeve main body and pedestal 101；
Screw rod 104 in S3, rotation load limit sleeve main body, resists it and presses vibration excitor, magnetic attraction is converted completely
For the coupling pressure of vibration excitor, finger lock screw rod 104；
S4, in vibration excitor exciting component to be measured, current control module 106 according to load limit sleeve medium-high frequency dynamic micro pressure
The pressure signal that sensor 105 is passed back adjusts output electric current in real time, realizes the negative feedback control to vibration excitor coupling pressure；
S5, it after completing detection, discharges coupling pressure and stops limiting vibration excitor, withdraw load limit sleeve main part and electric current
Control module 106.
Further, it is preferable that smooth and clean component surface firm banking 101 should be selected in S1 and as to exciting
Face, reduces loss of the acoustic energy on exciting face, uses FC-SRS steel bonding glue to carry out between pedestal 101 and component to be measured be bonded.
Further, it is preferable that the current value in S1 in electromagnet 102 need to be according to excited frequency, with exciting stroke by exciting
Preceding initial size first increases and then decreases returns to initial value, and before the amplitude of current value increase and decrease should be to stabilize to exciting for magnetic attraction
It is pre- it is value added be standard.
Magnetic attraction in the present invention in S1 is generated by energization magnet, and by current control in magnet, magnetic attraction size can be by sharp
Vibration frequency mechanical periodicity.When magnetic attraction is fully converted to the coupling pressure of vibration excitor, flexible stroke of the vibration excitor in exciting
Contact condition will be caused to load between limit sleeve main part and pedestal and switch to separate again the mechanical periodicity for becoming contact from contacting,
Initial value when coupling pressure is shown as by contacting therewith to compartment away from increase and reduce, then to compartment away from subtract
It is small and be gradually increased, initial value is reverted to when until being contacted again；Coupling pressure is due to magnetic attraction changes in vibration excitor exciting row
The operating point that the fluctuation occurred in journey will lead to supersonic generator generates drift, influences exciting effect；Therefore electricity in the S1
Current value in magnet need to be returned to initially with exciting stroke by the initial size first increases and then decreases before exciting according to excited frequency
Value, and the amplitude of current value increase and decrease should be pre- value added for standard before exciting to stabilize to magnetic attraction.Current sequence control in S2
Molding block can arrive milliampere rank using single-chip microcontroller as kernel control chip, to the control of electric current；Control module is equipped with touch screen, root
According to the volume of vibration excitor power, concrete test block to be measured, the size of quasi- output magnetic attraction is set on touch screen；Single-chip microcontroller according to
The magnetic force value of input generates corresponding PWM wave by software control, and PWM wave switchs to DC voltage after filter circuit, into
And voltage controlled current element is driven to generate corresponding electric current；In S3, the high frequency dynamic micro of end is contacted by screw rod and vibration excitor
Conversion situation of the pressure sensor monitoring magnetic attraction to coupling pressure；The standard converted completely is: pressure sensor readings are just
The magnetic force value inputted on touch screen；The method that coupling pressure negative feedback control is realized in S4 are as follows: pressure sensor acquisition fluctuation
Coupling pressure, and voltage signal is converted into, through in bluetooth input current control module；The voltage signal by difference,
Amplification, input analog-to-digital converter；Analog-digital converter is processed to, is converted to digital signal, and inputs single-chip microcontroller；Single-chip microcontroller according to
The fluctuating characteristic of the digital signal adjusts output voltage values, to make the base voltage of output power pipe change, indirectly
Change the size of current in input electromagnet, the initial value before magnetic attraction to be stabilized to exciting, so that coupling pressure is with magnetic
Suction is for the upper limit and according to the amplitude change of the corresponding exciting force of the normal output wave vibration of ultrasonic generation circuit.
Embodiment 3:
It is different based on Examples 1 and 2:
Using 100mm × 100mm × 400mm concrete sample as incentive object, near surface contains micro-crack, such as Fig. 2；Selection
40kHz, power 50W oscillator be vibration excitor.On the touch screen of the current control module of negative feedback control loading device respectively
The magnetic force value of 660N, 760N, 860N, 960N are inputted, it is corresponding to carry out four kinds of coupling pressure exciter tests, exciting is tested every time
8s.Current control module can be exported according to the fluctuating electrical signal feedback control that high frequency dynamic micro pressure sensor is passed back in exciting
Electric current, so that magnetic attraction stabilizes to initial coupling pressure value.Using stainless steel pressure pincers respectively apply 660N, 760N, 860N,
The initial coupling pressure of 960N continues exciting test specimen 8s, on vibration excitor with this and negative feedback control loading device load test
It compares.The exciting effect of two groups of tests such as table 1.Visible light figure such as Fig. 4 of exciter system, the thermography of typical testing result
Such as Fig. 5.
Maximum temperaturerise point temperature rise value in micro-crack after 1 exciting 8s of table
| Coupling pressure | Stainless steel pressure pincers | Negative feedback control loading device |
| 660N | 0.25℃ | 1.27℃ |
| 760N | 0.5℃ | 1.67℃ |
| 860N | 0.65℃ | 2℃ |
| 960N | 1.08℃ | 3.52℃ |
By table 1 it is found that temperature rise value is up to 1.08 DEG C, and negative feedback control in four kinds of on-load pressures effect of pressure clamp
Temperature rise value under loading device loading effect is generally higher by 1 DEG C than uniform pressure effect time pressure clamp, the effect of 960N magnetic attraction
It is lower to be even higher by 2.44 DEG C.Thus, it can be known that method and device proposed by the invention can more efficiently detect concrete fine fisssure
Line.
It is by incentive object with 400mm × 400mm × 900mm concrete column, which contains a large amount of micro-cracks, including surface
Micro-crack, such as Fig. 3；Select 40kHz, the oscillator of power 100W is vibration excitor.Load limit sleeve is fixed on to certain of concrete column
One tested surface inputs the magnetic attraction of 1800N, vibration excitor on the touch screen of the current control module of negative feedback control loading device
Continue exciting 10s.The fluctuating electrical signal that current control module can be passed back according to high frequency dynamic micro pressure sensor in exciting is anti-
Feedback control output electric current, guarantees that magnetic attraction stabilizes to 1800N.The thermography of testing result is as shown in fig. 6, it can be seen that mixed
Several micro-cracks in solidifying soil are motivated significant temperature rise.Therefore illustrate, device proposed by the invention can be convenient neatly
It is laid in the true surface of concrete structure of large scale, and can rapidly detect micro-crack therein.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Anyone skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technique and scheme of the present invention and its
Inventive concept is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of negative feedback control loading device of concrete component ultrasonic excitation, comprising: pedestal (101), electromagnet (102),
Support sleeve (103), screw rod (104), high frequency dynamic micro pressure sensor (105) and current control module (106), feature
Be: the pedestal (101) between lower surface and detected object using bonding agent it is Nian Jie, pedestal (101) upper surface and
Electromagnet (102) lower surface magnetic absorption, electromagnet (102) upper end are fixedly connected with support sleeve (103) lower end, the branch
Support set (103) upper end internal whorl is socketed with screw rod (104), is provided with self-locking mechanism and lower end on the screw rod (104)
It is fixedly installed with high frequency dynamic micro pressure sensor (105), the high frequency dynamic micro pressure sensor (105) and electric current control
Molding block (106) is electrically connected, the electromagnet (102), support sleeve (103), screw rod (104) and high frequency dynamic micro pressure
Sensor (105) composition load limit sleeve main part.
2. a kind of negative feedback control loading device of concrete component ultrasonic excitation according to claim 1, feature exist
In: the current control module (106) is by touch screen, master controller, filter circuit, voltage controlled current element and differential amplifier circuit
Composition, the master controller use single-chip microcontroller, the preferred STC12C2052AD of single-chip microcontroller model.
3. a kind of negative feedback control loading device of concrete component ultrasonic excitation according to claim 1, feature exist
In: the bonding agent uses FC-SRS steel bonding glue.
4. a kind of negative feedback control loading device of concrete component ultrasonic excitation according to claim 1, feature exist
In: the support sleeve (103) and screw rod (104) are using stainless steel material manufacture.
5. a kind of negative feedback control loading device of concrete component ultrasonic excitation according to claim 1, feature exist
In: the pedestal (101) is circular cylinder, internal diameter 0.5-5mm big compared with vibration excitor diameter；Thickness is not less than 8mm, the pedestal
(101) using high metals of iron-content such as cast iron or steel.
6. a kind of negative feedback control loading method of concrete component ultrasonic excitation, it is characterised in that: be applied to a kind of concrete
The negative feedback control loading device of component ultrasonic excitation, comprising the following steps:
S1, pedestal (101) is fixed on component surface to be detected, load limit sleeve main part is placed on pedestal (101), is connect
Logical negative feedback control loading device circuit is adsorbed in load limit sleeve main body on pedestal (101) by magnetic attraction；
S2, vibration excitor is placed in load limit sleeve main body, inputs the quasi- magnetic force signal applied, load to current control module
Correspondingly sized magnetic attraction is generated between limit sleeve main body and pedestal (101)；
Screw rod (104) in S3, rotation load limit sleeve main body, resists it and presses vibration excitor, magnetic attraction is turned completely
Turn to the coupling pressure of vibration excitor, finger lock screw rod (104)；
S4, in vibration excitor exciting component to be measured, current control module (106) according to load limit sleeve medium-high frequency dynamic micro pressure
The pressure signal that force snesor (105) is passed back adjusts output electric current in real time, realizes the negative-feedback control to vibration excitor coupling pressure
System；
S5, it after completing detection, discharges coupling pressure and stops limiting vibration excitor, withdraw load limit sleeve main part and electric current
Control module (106).
7. a kind of negative feedback control loading method of concrete component ultrasonic excitation according to claim 6, feature exist
In: smooth and clean component surface firm banking (101) should be selected in the S1 and as to exciting face, to reduce acoustic energy
Loss on exciting face uses FC-SRS steel bonding glue to carry out be bonded between the pedestal (101) and component to be measured.
8. a kind of negative feedback control loading method of concrete component ultrasonic excitation according to claim 6, feature exist
In: the current value in the S1 in electromagnet (102) need to be first by the initial size before exciting with exciting stroke according to excited frequency
Initial value is decreased back to after increase, and the amplitude of current value increase and decrease should be pre- value added for mark before exciting to stabilize to magnetic attraction
It is quasi-.
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| CN110988144A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-10 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Method and device for detecting structural hidden cracks of concrete member |
| CN110988144B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-05-25 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Method and device for detecting structural hidden cracks of concrete member |
| CN113390923A (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2021-09-14 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Concrete microscopic defect ultrasonic thermal excitation stroke self-adaptive loading device and method |
| CN114018705A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-02-08 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Concrete free fracture overall process control visual tracking test system and method |
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