CN110346307A - A kind of black peritonaeum phenotype test method and its application for chicken Seedling selection - Google Patents
A kind of black peritonaeum phenotype test method and its application for chicken Seedling selection Download PDFInfo
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- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 188
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- XUMBMVFBXHLACL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Melanin Chemical compound O=C1C(=O)C(C2=CNC3=C(C(C(=O)C4=C32)=O)C)=C2C4=CNC2=C1C XUMBMVFBXHLACL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 192
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- 210000004379 membrane Anatomy 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 32
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- 230000019612 pigmentation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 208000034656 Contusions Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000003351 Melanosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000034526 bruise Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000000038 chest Anatomy 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003307 slaughter Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 210000003746 feather Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 244000144992 flock Species 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 4
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- 206010064097 avian influenza Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 208000000069 hyperpigmentation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003810 hyperpigmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008774 maternal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of black peritonaeum phenotype test method and its application for chicken Seedling selection.This method comprises the following steps: (1) it is the keel end of 3~6 week old chickens is to anus below skin layer relatively thin, pull out coat without the abdomen area including two sides to most end rib cage and pubis edge that obvious muscle layer blocks, as determinating area；(2) determinating area is observed, and according to chicken peritonaeum melanin deposition situation judging chicken peritonaeum melanin deposition degree phenotype；Wherein, chicken peritonaeum melanin deposition situation is divided into 0~3 grade of totally 4 grade.Method of the invention can measure early stage living body chicken group's peritonaeum melanin deposition degree phenotype and be selected and remain with this, and then achieve the purpose that reduce the black abdomen phenotype ratio of listing age in days chicken group, necessary method is provided for the early stage breeding work of broiler chicken Carcass Traits, aquaculture cost can be saved, is increased economic efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of poultry breeding and breeding, in particular to a black peritoneal phenotype determination method for early selection of chickens and application thereof.
Background
In China, the yield of broiler chickens is mainly white feather broiler chickens and yellow feather broiler chickens, and the yellow feather broiler chickens have been developed for more than 20 years and currently occupy nearly half-wall Jiangshan of broiler chicken markets in China, and are varieties with independent intellectual property rights in China.
In recent years, people are infected with the H7N9 influenza, so that the yellow-feather broiler industry seriously depending on live-bird transaction suffers from disastrous loss, the defects of the traditional live-bird transaction mode are exposed, the industry transformation is forced, and the ice freshness marketing step of the yellow-feather broilers is objectively promoted. The state puts forward the work of concentrated slaughtering, cold chain distribution and fresh selling of poultry, and the primary purpose of the work is to prevent and control the occurrence and spread of infectious diseases and guarantee the health and public health safety of the public. Therefore, the consumption concept is changed, the consumption proportion of the chilled products is improved, the consumption of chilled chickens is vigorously promoted, and the attractive appearance of poultry carcasses is particularly important. Most of the existing yellow-feather broilers are bred to meet the marketing requirement of live chickens, the emphasis is on the appearance characters such as feather color, crown size, length, thickness and color of chicken legs, and the importance is not paid to slaughter indexes. Of particular concern is the ubiquitous phenomenon of peritoneal melanin hyperpigmentation (herein we simply refer to the "black belly" trait) in yellow-feathered broiler breeds, which can seriously affect broiler carcass aesthetics. How to solve this problem has become a significant challenge in the poultry industry today.
In order to reduce the proportion of black belly characters in chicken flocks and improve the aesthetic degree of carcasses of broilers on the market, an early selection method capable of reducing the proportion of black belly of the chicken flocks is expected to be found, but no report of the method is found at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a black peritoneal phenotype determination method for early selection of chickens.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the use of the black peritoneal phenotype assay method for early selection of chickens.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a black peritoneal phenotype assay method for early selection of chickens, comprising the steps of:
(1) removing hair from the belly region, which is thin in skin layer and not shielded by obvious muscle layers and comprises two sides to the last rib and the edge of the pubis, from the tail end of a keel of a chicken of 3-6 weeks old to the position below an anus, and taking the belly region as a judgment region;
(2) observing the judging area, and judging the melanin deposition degree phenotype of the chicken peritoneum according to the melanin deposition condition of the chicken peritoneum; the deposition condition of melanin of the chicken abdominal membrane is divided into 0-3 grades, and the specific classification is as follows:
level 0: judging the area has no melanin pigmentation, and the color is the blood color of the skin with spots on the surface layer, the color of the deep layer is light yellow (the color of abdominal fat) or whitish (the color of white connective tissue);
level 1: determining that the area has melanin pigmentation, wherein the color is bruise blue or light black, and the area of the area accounts for less than 25% of the area of the determination area; meanwhile, no obvious black or dark black plaque exists, namely the area of the black or dark black plaque accounts for less than 10% of the area of the judgment region;
and 2, stage:
judging that the area is melanism-stained, the color is silty-blue and light black, and the area of the area accounts for 25-50% of the area of the judged area (the end values are not 25% and 50%);
and/or
Judging that the area has obvious black patches, namely the area of the black patches accounts for 10-50% of the area of the judging area (excluding 10% and 50% of the end points);
and 3, level: the area is judged to be melanism, and the color is large area of light black, black or dark black, and the area of the area accounts for more than 50% of the area.
The chickens in the step (1) are preferably 3 weeks old.
The chicken in the step (1) is a broiler chicken; preferably yellow-feather broilers; more preferably huiyang beard chicken.
The plaque formed by the melanin pigmentation of the 3-grade chicken in the step (2) is dark in color, and part of the chicken is accompanied by the phenomenon of green feet while blacking the belly.
The black peritoneal phenotype determination method for early selection of the chicken further comprises a breeding step after the step (2); the method specifically comprises the following steps: chickens that retain class 0 and class 1 (preferably class 0) are selected based on the phenotype of the determined degree of melanin deposition in the ventral membrane of the chicken.
The black peritoneal phenotype determination method for early selection of the chicken is applied to reduction of the black peritoneal ratio of the chicken or early breeding of the chicken.
The chicken is broiler chicken; preferably yellow-feather broilers; more preferably huiyang beard chicken.
According to the method, based on the judgment of the melanin deposition degree of the peritoneal membrane of the chicken, the judgment and registration of the melanin deposition degree of the peritoneal membrane of the chicken are made, and the phenotype measurement of the melanin deposition degree of the peritoneal membrane of the chicken can be carried out at the early growth stage of the chicken group, namely 3-6 weeks old, so that the purpose of reducing the black abdominal phenotype proportion of the broiler group on the market is achieved, the early breeding is realized, the breeding cost is saved, and the economic benefit is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
1. the method comprises the steps of carrying out phenotype observation on the deposition degree of melanin in the peritoneum of a chicken after the belly area of the chicken is plucked off hairs when the chicken is 3-6 weeks old, carrying out 0-3 4 grades of grading according to the deposition amount of the melanin in the peritoneum (the peritoneum of the chicken of the 0 grade is not deposited with the melanin, the peritoneum phenotype is completely normal, the peritoneum of the chicken of the 1 grade is deposited with the melanin, but the formed plaque is smaller and is bruise-colored or black, the area accounts for 25% -50% of the area of a judgment area (the end point values are 25% and 50% are not included), the peritoneum of the chicken of the 2 grade is deposited with the melanin, the formed plaque is bruise-colored or light black, the area accounts for 25% -50% of the area of the judgment area (the end point values are 25% and 50% are not included), meanwhile, if obvious black plaques exist, the area of the black plaques accounts for 10% -, the formed plaques are dark in color, are light black or dark black in a large area and account for more than 50% of the area of the judgment area), and then the phenotype determination of the living peritoneal melanin deposition degree is carried out by carrying out correlation analysis on the phenotype determination of the living peritoneal melanin deposition degree of different ages in days and the phenotype data of the carcass peritoneal melanin deposition degree, so that the purposes of carrying out early breeding and reducing the black abdominal phenotype proportion of the broiler groups on the market are achieved.
2. The method is suitable for breeding requirements of reducing the black abdominal ratio of carcasses of broilers on the market, can perform phenotype determination on the living body peritoneal melanin deposition degree of the broilers at an early stage, and performs selection and retention, so that the aim of reducing the black abdominal phenotype ratio of the broilers at the market age is fulfilled, a necessary method is provided for early breeding work of the carcasses of the broilers, and the method can be popularized and applied to breeding work of the excessive melanin deposition character of the peritoneal membranes of the broilers.
3. According to the method, based on the determination of the melanin deposition degree of the peritoneum of yellow-feathered broilers, the determination registration of the melanin deposition degree of the peritoneum of the broilers is made, and the phenotype determination of the melanin deposition degree of the peritoneum of the broilers can be carried out at the early growth stage of the broilers, namely 3-6 weeks old, so that the purpose of reducing the black abdominal phenotype proportion of the broilers on the market is achieved. And the selection and retention time can be adjusted, and individuals with different grades of 0-3 can be selected and retained, so that the chicken group and the market demand change can be adapted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a view showing the abdomen of a 3-week-old chicken before and after plucking hairs; wherein, a is the chicken before plucking the feather (preparing to observe the phenotype of the melanin deposition degree of the peritoneum); b is the chicken from which the hair has been plucked (the circled area is the judgment area selected for the phenotype of the degree of peritoneal melanin deposition).
FIG. 2 is a chicken with a grade of 0 in the phenotype of the degree of melanin deposition in the abdominal membrane after plucking hairs from a living body at 3 weeks of age and a chicken with a grade of 0 in the phenotype of melanin deposition in the abdominal membrane after cutting the skin of the abdominal membrane after slaughtering at the same time, i.e., at 3 weeks of age of the chicken; wherein a is a chicken with the abdominal membrane melanin deposition degree phenotype evaluation as 0 grade after the hair of the living body is pulled out; b is a chicken with the abdominal membrane melanin deposition degree phenotype of 0 grade after cutting off the abdominal skin after slaughtering.
FIG. 3 is a chicken with a abdominal membrane melanin deposition degree phenotype rating of grade 1 after plucking of the plucked body at 3 weeks of age (the circled area is a judgment area selected for judging the peritoneal melanin deposition degree phenotype, has a small amount of melanin deposition and shows black color), and a chicken with a abdominal membrane melanin deposition degree phenotype rating of grade 1 after cutting the abdominal skin after slaughtering at the same time, that is, at 3 weeks of age of the chicken; wherein a is a chicken with the abdominal membrane melanin deposition degree phenotype evaluation of grade 1 after the hair of the living body is pulled out; b is a chicken with the abdominal membrane melanin deposition degree phenotype of grade 1 after cutting off the abdominal skin after slaughter.
FIG. 4 is a chicken with a abdominal melanin deposition phenotype rating of 2 after plucking hairs from a living body at 3 weeks of age and a chicken with a abdominal melanin deposition phenotype rating of 2 after cutting the abdominal skin after slaughtering at the same time, i.e., 3 weeks of age of the chicken; wherein a is a chicken with the abdominal membrane melanin deposition degree phenotype evaluation of grade 2 after the hair of the living body is pulled out; b is a chicken with the abdominal membrane melanin deposition degree phenotype evaluation of grade 2 after cutting off the abdominal skin after slaughtering.
FIG. 5 is a chicken with a abdominal melanin deposition phenotype rating of 3 after plucking hairs from a living body at 3 weeks of age and a chicken with a abdominal melanin deposition phenotype rating of 3 after slaughtering the chicken at the same time, i.e., at 3 weeks of age, after cutting the abdominal skin; wherein a is a chicken with the abdominal membrane melanin deposition degree phenotype evaluation of 3 grade after the hair of the living body is pulled out; b is a chicken with a abdominal membrane melanin deposition degree phenotype evaluation of 3 grade after cutting off the abdominal skin after slaughter.
FIG. 6 shows chickens with a phenotype of a degree of melanin deposition in the abdominal membrane evaluated as 0-3 after slaughter at 16 weeks of age and after cutting the abdominal skin; wherein a is a chicken with the abdominal membrane melanin deposition degree phenotype evaluation of 0 grade after cutting off the abdominal skin after slaughtering; b is a chicken with the abdominal membrane melanin deposition degree phenotype evaluation of grade 1 after cutting off the abdominal skin after slaughtering; c, slaughtering the chickens with abdominal membrane melanin deposition degree phenotype evaluation of 2 after cutting off abdominal skin; and d is a chicken with a 3-grade abdominal membrane melanin deposition phenotype after cutting off the abdominal skin after slaughter.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
According to the method, the phenotype of the living body peritoneal melanin deposition degree is determined at different growth time points of the chicken flocks, slaughter experiments are performed at the market ages, the phenotype of the carcass peritoneal melanin deposition degree is recorded, correlation analysis is performed on the phenotype determination of the living body peritoneal melanin deposition degree at different ages and the phenotype data of the carcass peritoneal melanin deposition degree, and then the accurate time point for the black abdominal phenotype living body determination is determined, so that the phenotype determination of the living body peritoneal melanin deposition degree is performed, and the purposes of early breeding and reduction of the black abdominal phenotype proportion of the broiler flocks on the market are achieved. The specific process is as follows:
(1) method for determining melanin deposition degree phenotype of chicken living peritoneum
Selecting abdominal region from the tail end of the keel to the skin layer below the anus, which is thin and has no obvious muscle layer shielding and comprises two sides to the last rib and the edge of the pubic bone, removing the hair, and observing (as shown in figure 1, figure 1a shows that the 3-week chicken is removing the hair and is ready to observe the peritoneal melanin deposition degree phenotype, figure 1b shows that the chicken has been removed the hair, and the circle region in the figure is the judgment region selected during judgment, and the peritoneal melanin deposition degree phenotype is judged according to the circle region). As can be seen from the figure, the skin layer from the tail end of the dragon bone of the chicken tripe to the lower part of the anus is thin, and the color of the peritoneum of the lower surface layer can be exposed on the skin after the fur is pulled out, and the color is clear, so that the black abdomen phenotype can be judged by using the method.
(2) Evaluation grade of melanin deposition degree phenotype of chicken peritoneum
Classifying the deposition condition of melanin of the chicken abdominal membrane according to the color of the area selected in the step (1), wherein the classification is 0-3:
level 0: no melanin pigmentation, and the color of the area was judged to be the blood color of the skin with spots on the surface, the deep buffy (color of abdominal fat) or off-white (color of white connective tissue), as shown in fig. 2;
level 1: the plaque formed by the melanin pigmentation is smaller, the color is light cyan or light black, and the area accounts for 25% or less of the area of the judgment area (the size of the area can be judged or measured by a person skilled in the art according to the actual requirement, if the judgment and selection are needed, the proportion of the melanin pigmentation area in the judgment area can be evaluated by naked eye observation; no obvious black or dark black plaque exists, namely the area of the black or dark black plaque accounts for less than 10% of the area of the judgment region; as shown in fig. 3;
and 2, stage: the plaque formed by the melanin pigmentation is navy blue or light black in color, and the area of the plaque accounts for 25% -50% of the area of the judgment area (excluding 25% and 50% of the endpoint value), and meanwhile, if the black plaque is obvious, the area of the black plaque accounts for 10% -50% of the area of the judgment area (excluding 10% and 50% of the endpoint value), as shown in fig. 4;
and 3, level: the plaque formed by melanin pigmentation was dark in color, and was a large area of light black, black or dark black, and accounted for more than 50% of the area of the judgment region, and some chickens were accompanied by a phenomenon of a blue foot while blacking the belly, as shown in fig. 5.
(3) Determination of the Perkin Melanin deposition degree phenotype
Determining the peritoneal color phenotype at 3 and 6 weeks of age of the chicken flocks according to the method described in the step (1), and grading and recording according to the grading method described in the step (2). Phenotype of degree of peritoneal melanin deposition in chickens 10 weeks old, the living body has been difficult to determine. Because the feathers are developed and pores become large, the skin of the chicken bleeds due to the removal of the feathers, and the chicken is greatly damaged; meanwhile, the skin of the abdomen of the chicken is thickened, subcutaneous fat deposition is increased, and the color of the subcutaneous peritoneum is difficult to observe. Therefore, the phenotype of the degree of peritoneal melanin deposition of chickens is not determined after 6 weeks of age, but only the phenotype of the degree of peritoneal melanin deposition is determined after 3 and 6 weeks.
(4) Breeding for chicken peritoneum melanin deposition degree phenotype
The time of selecting and remaining can be adjusted according to the population selection pressure, if the population size is larger, the selection pressure is larger, and the measurement and the selection of the living body peritoneum color phenotype can be carried out when the living body peritoneum is selected to be 3 weeks old. Because the feathers of the abdomen of the chicken are basically fluff at the time point, the removal is easier, the influence on the chicken is smaller, the fat deposition is basically avoided under the abdomen, the color of the internal peritoneum is easier to observe, and the determination is easier; meanwhile, the earlier the selection and retention time is, the lower the feeding cost is, and the greater economic benefit can be obtained. If the colony size is smaller and the selection pressure is smaller, the live body peritoneal color phenotype determination and selection can be carried out on the colony at the age of 6 weeks, and the aim of reducing the black belly phenotype proportion of the carcass of the chicken on the market can be achieved.
In 4 grades of the 0-3 grades, the remaining can be selected according to the acceptance degree of the broiler chickens by consumers: namely, the phenotype measurement of the melanin deposition degree of the peritoneum of the chickens is carried out at the age of 3-6 weeks, and the grading is carried out according to the above. Generally, chickens that retain levels 0 and 1 may be selected; if the requirement on the appearance of the broiler chicken (iced fresh chicken) is higher, only 0 grade can be reserved.
Example 1: correlation analysis between measured value of peritoneum color phenotype of living local chicken breed-huiyang beard chicken and observed value of peritoneum color phenotype of carcass of market-age
According to the above-mentioned phenotype measurement method for melanin deposition degree in peritoneum of chickens, 446 total (248 for the 1 st chickens and 198 for the 2 nd chickens) of huiyang beard chickens (the huiyang beard chickens are purchased from animal science institute of agricultural sciences, Guangdong province) were subjected to phenotype measurement and grading of black abdominal organs of the chickens at 3 weeks and 6 weeks of age, and the phenotype of melanin deposition degree in peritoneum of the live chickens was recorded. Slaughtering the chickens at the age of 16 weeks, cutting off the abdominal skin of the unhaired pheasants, exposing the peritoneum, observing and grading the melanin deposition degree of the peritoneum, recording the melanin deposition degree phenotype of the peritoneum of the chicken carcasses, and simultaneously recording the melanin deposition degree phenotype of the fat membrane of the peritoneum lower abdomen, wherein the grading and observing methods are the same as the melanin deposition degree phenotype of the living peritoneum.
Correlation analysis is carried out on the phenotype of the melanin deposition degree of the peritoneum of the chicken, which is called as a black abdominal phenotype of the chicken, and the phenotype of the melanin deposition degree of the fat membrane of the peritoneum, which is called as a fat membrane phenotype of the chicken.
Analysis of the association between the carcass black abdominal phenotype and the in vivo peritoneal melanin deposition degree phenotype was performed using the GLM program in JMP software of SAS system (SAS Institute inc., Cary, NC) and tested for significance using the model:
Yijklm＝μ+Si+Hj+Sk+Dkl+Fm+eijklm(ii) a Wherein,
Yijklma phenotypic value representing the degree of melanin deposition in the carcass peritoneum (a carcass black abdominal phenotype or a carcass fat membrane phenotype);
μ represents the mean;
Si、Hj、Sk、Dklfor the fixed effect, the gender (1 cock and 2 hen), the batch (1 chicken batch and 2 chicken batch) and the paternal and paternal group maternal effect are represented respectively;
fm is the peritoneal character phenotype effect of 3-week-old or 6-week-old (the recorded measured values are all recorded as 0-3 according to grades);
eijklm stands for hatchling weight as covariance.
The result of the phenotype determination of the melanin deposition degree of the peritoneum of the chicken flock living body shows that: of the 2 tested lots of 446 Huiyang beard chickens, only 50 chickens at grade 0, 230 chickens at grade 1, 116 chickens at grade 2, and 50 chickens at grade 3 were recorded in the peritoneal character phenotype assay of the 3-week-old live body. Only 182 chickens of grade 0, 145 chickens of grade 1, 67 chickens of grade 2 and 52 chickens of grade 3 were recorded in the 6-week-old living body peritoneal trait phenotypic measurement record. The correlation analysis results show that (table 1), the phenotype values of the melanin deposition degree of the peritoneum of the living body measured at 3 and 6 weeks of age are very obviously correlated with the phenotype value of the melanin deposition degree of the peritoneum of the carcass measured after slaughter and the phenotype value of the melanin deposition degree of the fat membrane of the carcass, which shows that the black abdominal phenotype of the living body can be selected for the chickens at 3 to 6 weeks of age in breeding practice, and further the aim of reducing the carcass black abdominal phenotype proportion of the chickens at the market age can be achieved.
TABLE 1 least squares means. + -. standard error for each significant relevant trait
Note: n is the number;a,b,crepresents P<0.05, reaching a significant level.
In addition, the time for selecting and retaining can be adjusted according to the population selection pressure, if the population size is larger, the selection pressure is larger, and the measurement and the retaining of the color phenotype of the peritoneum of the living body can be carried out at 3 weeks of age. Because the feathers of the abdomen of the chicken are basically fluff at the time point, the removal is easier, the influence on the chicken is smaller, the fat deposition is basically avoided under the abdomen, the color of the internal peritoneum is easier to observe, and the determination is easier; meanwhile, the earlier the selection and retention time is, the lower the feeding cost is, and the greater economic benefit can be obtained. If the colony size is smaller and the selection pressure is smaller, the live body peritoneal color phenotype determination and selection can be carried out on the colony at the age of 6 weeks, and the black belly phenotype proportion of the carcass of the chicken colony at the market age can be reduced. The invention provides a necessary method for early breeding of broiler carcass traits, and can be popularized and applied in breeding of broiler peritoneal melanin excessive deposition traits.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A black peritoneal phenotype assay method for early selection of chickens, comprising the steps of:
(1) removing hair from the belly region, which is thin in skin layer and not shielded by obvious muscle layers and comprises two sides to the last rib and the edge of the pubis, from the tail end of a keel of a chicken of 3-6 weeks old to the position below an anus, and taking the belly region as a judgment region;
(2) observing the judging area, and judging the melanin deposition degree phenotype of the chicken peritoneum according to the melanin deposition condition of the chicken peritoneum; the deposition condition of melanin of the chicken abdominal membrane is divided into 0-3 grades, and the specific classification is as follows:
level 0: judging the area has no melanin pigmentation, and the color is the blood color of the skin with spots on the surface layer, and the deep layer is light yellow or whitish;
level 1: determining that the area has melanin pigmentation, wherein the color is bruise blue or light black, and the area of the area accounts for less than 25% of the area of the determination area; meanwhile, no obvious black or dark black plaque exists, namely the area of the black or dark black plaque accounts for less than 10% of the area of the judgment region;
and 2, stage:
judging that the area is melanism-pigmented, wherein the color is silty-blue and light black, the area of the area accounts for 25% -50% of the area of the judging area, and the end points are not 25% and 50%;
and/or
Secondly, judging that the area has obvious black patches, namely the area of the black patches accounts for 10-50% of the area of the judgment area, and the area does not comprise 10% and 50% of the end points;
and 3, level: the area is judged to be melanism, and the color is large area of light black, black or dark black, and the area of the area accounts for more than 50% of the area.
2. The black peritoneal phenotype assay method for chicken early selection of claim 1, characterized in that: a step of breeding is also included after the step (2); the method specifically comprises the following steps: chickens that retained grade 0 and grade 1 were selected based on the phenotype of the degree of melanin deposition in the chicken abdomen.
3. The black peritoneal phenotype assay method for chicken early selection of claim 1, characterized in that: a step of breeding is also included after the step (2); the method specifically comprises the following steps: according to the determined phenotype of the degree of melanin deposition of the abdominal membrane of the chicken, the chicken retaining the grade 0 is selected.
4. The black peritoneal phenotype assay method for chicken early selection of claim 1, characterized in that:
the chicken in the step (1) is broiler chicken.
5. The black peritoneal phenotype assay method for chicken early selection of claim 2, characterized in that:
the chicken in the step (1) is yellow-feathered broiler chicken.
6. The black peritoneal phenotype assay method for chicken early selection of claim 3, wherein:
the chicken in the step (1) is huiyang beard chicken.
7. The application of the black peritoneal phenotype assay method for chicken early selection according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in reducing the black peritoneal ratio of chicken or chicken early breeding.
8. Use according to claim 7, characterized in that: the chicken is broiler chicken.
9. Use according to claim 8, characterized in that: the chicken is yellow-feathered broiler chicken.
10. Use according to claim 9, characterized in that: the chicken is HUYANG HUXU chicken.
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