CN110344757B - Reverse circulation well drilling system and reverse circulation well drilling method - Google Patents
Reverse circulation well drilling system and reverse circulation well drilling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110344757B CN110344757B CN201910689266.4A CN201910689266A CN110344757B CN 110344757 B CN110344757 B CN 110344757B CN 201910689266 A CN201910689266 A CN 201910689266A CN 110344757 B CN110344757 B CN 110344757B
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 192
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/60—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/06—Arrangements for treating drilling fluids outside the borehole
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/12—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor using drilling pipes with plural fluid passages, e.g. closed circulation systems
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
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- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a reverse circulation drilling system and a reverse circulation drilling method, belonging to the field of drilling tools, and comprising a casing, a circulation channel switching short joint, a first drill rod, a second drill rod and a drill bit; forming a working shaft in the casing; the circulating channel switching short section is provided with an upper joint and a rubber plug and is arranged in the working shaft, and an isolated inflow channel and an outflow channel are formed in the upper joint; one end of the circulation channel switching short section is connected with a first drill rod, and the other end of the circulation channel switching short section is connected with a second drill rod; a drilling fluid supply channel is arranged in the first drill rod, and a liquid outlet section is formed outside the first drill rod; a drilling fluid recovery channel is formed in the second drill rod, and a fluid inlet section is formed outside the second drill rod; the rubber plug is hermetically arranged with the inner wall of the working shaft to isolate the liquid outlet section and the liquid inlet section; the liquid inlet section is communicated with the well drilling recovery channel in the well drilling. The ground equipment does not need to be changed and adjusted, the conventional drilling construction process is not influenced, the open hole section at the bottom of the well is free of rock debris, the drilling friction resistance is reduced, the speed is increased, the cost is reduced, and the drilling safety is guaranteed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of drilling tools, in particular to a reverse circulation drilling system and a reverse circulation drilling method.
Background
The reverse circulation well drilling technology is developed for solving the drilling problem of low-pressure, low-permeability and oil leakage-prone gas reservoir, reducing drilling friction, protecting reservoir and improving well drilling safety. The technology is generally applied to a double-wall drill rod, circulating media are injected into the annular space of the drill rod, drilling fluid carrying rock debris flows into an inner channel of the drill rod and returns to the ground after a drill bit is cleaned and the rock debris is carried at the bottom of a well, broken rock debris does not enter the annular space of the drill rod and a well hole in the drilling process, the drilling fluid which is subjected to purification treatment and has stable performance is arranged in the annular space, the pressure is stable, the reservoir can be effectively protected, the stability of the well wall is kept, the friction resistance of the drill rod is reduced, and the like. However, due to the high cost and production difficulty of the double-wall drill pipe, equipment and tools such as a surface rotary head blowout preventer, a downhole reverse circulation motor, a well deviation monitoring tool, a downhole blowout preventer and a drill bit which are matched with the double-wall drill pipe are also needed, and the application of the technology is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a reverse circulation drilling system and a reverse circulation drilling method, wherein a circulation channel switching short joint of the reverse circulation drilling system is matched with a conventional single-wall drill rod, except that a conventional drill bit needs to be replaced by a reverse circulation drill bit, other equipment and tools can be normally applied, and the reverse circulation drilling system and the reverse circulation drilling method have no influence on the conventional drilling construction process. The reverse circulation drilling system aims to solve the problems in the prior art.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
a reverse circulation drilling system comprises a casing, a circulation channel switching short joint, a first drill rod, a second drill rod and a drill bit;
the casing is a working shaft which is drilled into a well hole in the last drilling time and is reinforced by cement, and the lower part of the working shaft is drilled into the open hole;
the circulating channel switching nipple is provided with an upper joint and a rubber plug, the circulating channel switching nipple is arranged in the working shaft, and an inflow channel and an outflow channel which are separated are formed in the upper joint;
one end of the circulation channel switching short section is connected with the first drill rod, and the other end of the circulation channel switching short section is connected with the second drill rod;
a drilling fluid supply channel communicated with the inflow channel is formed in the first drill rod, and a liquid outlet section is formed outside the first drill rod and on the inner wall of the working shaft; a drilling fluid recovery channel communicated with the outflow channel is formed in the second drill rod, and a fluid inlet section is formed outside the second drill rod and on the inner wall of the working shaft; the rubber plug is hermetically arranged with the inner wall of the working shaft to isolate the liquid outlet section from the liquid inlet section;
the drill bit is arranged at the bottom of the second drill rod, and a drill bit water hole communicated with the drilling fluid recovery channel is formed in the drill bit;
the liquid inlet section is communicated with the drilling recovery channel at the drill bit water hole.
In an embodiment of the invention, the drilling fluid purification system is further included for cleaning rock debris and providing purified drilling fluid, and one end of the first drill rod, which is far away from the circulation channel switching nipple, is connected with a drilling fluid output port of the drilling fluid purification system.
In one embodiment of the invention, the casing is connected to a drilling fluid input port of the drilling fluid purification system at a port of the fluid outlet section.
In an embodiment of the invention, the circulation channel switching nipple further comprises a reversing mandrel detachably arranged with the upper joint;
a flow guide space communicated with a drilling fluid supply channel is arranged in the upper joint;
the reversing mandrel is arranged in the diversion space and divides the diversion space into the inflow channel between the reversing mandrel and the inner wall of the diversion space and the outflow channel inside the reversing mandrel;
the upper joint is provided with a first end and a second end which are oppositely arranged;
first end with form the intercommunication between the rubber buffer go out the liquid section with the discharge annular space of the passageway of effluenting, the second end with form the intercommunication between the rubber buffer go into the liquid section intercommunication with the inflow annular space of passageway of effluenting.
In one embodiment of the invention, the rubber plug is vulcanized and molded on the outer side of the upper joint.
In an embodiment of the invention, a first convex ring is formed at a position, close to the first end, of the rubber plug, and the first convex ring is used for clinging to the inner wall of a working shaft and isolating the liquid outlet section from the liquid inlet section; the rubber buffer is close to the position of second end forms the second bulge loop, the second bulge loop is used for hugging closely the working shaft inner wall, keeps apart go out the liquid section with go into the liquid section.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the upper joint is provided with a centering block at a corresponding position between the first convex ring and the second convex ring, and the centering block is fixedly connected to an outer ring of the upper joint.
A reverse circulation drilling method using the reverse circulation drilling system, comprising the steps of:
a. after the well is drilled in the previous opening, a casing is put into the well for cementing;
b. counting the drill bit footage of different depth strata in the drilled area, and taking the average footage of the drill bit as the predicted drilling depth data D of each drillingiSelecting the drill bit and the second drill rod;
c. the drilling tool is put into the hole, and the depth of the drilling tool reaches LiAnd then, installing the circulation channel switching short section at the upper part of the second drill rod, installing the first drill rod at the other end of the circulation channel switching short section, and continuing to drill to enable the drill bit to extend to the bottom of the well, wherein LiRatio DiMore than 30m in size;
d. and opening a pump to supply the drilling fluid to the drilling fluid supply channel to realize circulation and pressurized drilling.
In an embodiment of the present invention, after the step d, the method further includes the steps of:
e. when the drilling depth approaches or reaches DiWhen the drill bit is drilled, the first drill rod is lifted upwards, and the drilling depth D is predicted according to the next drilli+1Adjusting the position of the circulating channel switching short section to Li+1Forming a new second drill rod on the drill rod below the circulation channel switching short section, and installing a new first drill rod above the circulation channel switching short section;
f. repeating said steps a-e.
In one embodiment of the invention, when the forward circulation well washing needs to be recovered, the first drill rod is lifted by 30-50 m, the other set of circulation channel switching short section is installed at the middle part of the first drill rod or at the well head, the well is drilled downwards and the pump is started to realize the forward circulation well washing, after the well washing operation is finished, the first drill rod is lifted to disassemble the circulation channel switching short section close to the well head, and a new first drill rod is connected and drilled downwards to the well bottom to recover the reverse circulation drilling.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the reverse circulation drilling system and the reverse circulation drilling method provided by the invention can realize reverse circulation drilling in an open hole section, ground equipment does not need to be changed and adjusted, the conventional drilling construction process is not influenced, the open hole section at the bottom of the well is free of rock debris, the drilling friction is reduced, the speed is increased, the cost is reduced, and the drilling safety is ensured. The reverse circulation drilling circulation channel switching nipple can be matched with a sleeve through a rubber plug to realize the segmentation of the sleeve, so that a liquid outlet section and a liquid inlet section in a single sleeve respectively have different flow directions, the supply of drilling fluid can be realized, and the backflow of the drilling fluid with rock debris can also be realized. The position of the reverse circulation drilling circulation channel switching short section in the sleeve is centered by the centering block, so that the stress concentration and the increase of the friction force caused by the eccentricity of the rubber plug can be avoided, and the service life of the rubber plug is prolonged. The inflow annular space and the discharge annular space formed by the rubber plug and the upper joint are designed to provide a flow passage and enhance the sealing performance. In the reverse circulation drilling method, the flow direction of fluid in the whole well can be completely inverted by installing the additional circulation channel switching nipple at a position close to a wellhead, so that the well can be automatically flushed and dredged without additionally extending into other equipment to perform complex cleaning operation.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first view angle of a reverse circulation drilling circulation channel switching sub provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second view angle of a reverse circulation drilling circulation channel switching sub provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a top sub according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a reversing mandrel provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a gasket provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of a rubber stopper provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D-D of FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a reverse circulation drilling system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a schematic view of the fluid flow direction of the reverse circulation drilling circulation channel switching sub portion of fig. 11.
Icon: 001-circulation channel switching short section; 100-upper joint; 200-rubber plug; 300-a reversing mandrel; 400-lower joint; 101-a first end; 103-a second end; 110-discharge annulus; 130-inflow annulus; 150-a flow guiding space; 310-inflow channel; 330-an outflow channel; 301-a commutation side; 350-a diversion trench; 331-a first via; 111-a second via; 370-first flow guiding holes; 170-second flow guide holes; 500-a gasket; 303-anti-rotation key; 410-extending the channel; 430-a sealing ring; 190-righting block; 191-a wear resistant cemented carbide post; 210-positioning holes; 600-a cannula; 610-a working wellbore; 611-liquid outlet section; 613-liquid inlet section; 710-a first drill pipe; 730-a second drill pipe; 711-drilling fluid supply channel; 731-drilling fluid recovery channel; 800-a drill bit; 810-drill bit water hole; 230-a first collar; 250-second convex ring.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms indicating an orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature may be present on or under the second feature in direct contact with the first and second feature, or may be present in the first and second feature not in direct contact but in contact with another feature between them. Also, the first feature being above, on or above the second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or merely means that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature that underlies, and underlies a second feature includes a first feature that is directly under and obliquely under a second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a lesser level than the second feature.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, the reverse circulation drilling system includes a casing 600, a circulation channel switching sub 001, a first drill pipe 710, a second drill pipe 730 and a drill bit 800.
After the previous wellbore is completed, the casing 600 is lowered into the wellbore and the wellbore wall is cemented, forming a working wellbore 610 with a lower open hole therein.
The reverse circulation drilling circulation channel switching nipple 001 comprises an upper joint 100, a rubber plug 200, a reversing mandrel 300 and a lower joint 400, wherein the rubber plug 200 is sleeved on the outer side of the upper joint 100.
Referring to fig. 11 and 12, a reverse circulation drilling circulation channel switching nipple 001 is installed in a working wellbore 610 of a casing 600, one end of the circulation channel switching nipple 001 is connected with a first drill pipe 710, and the other end is connected with a second drill pipe 730; a drilling fluid supply channel 711 is formed in the first drill rod 710, and a hollow liquid outlet section 611 is formed outside the first drill rod 710 and on the inner wall of the working shaft 610; a drilling fluid recovery channel 731 is formed in the second drill pipe 730, and a hollow annular fluid inlet section 613 is formed outside the second drill pipe 730 and the inner wall of the working shaft 610; the rubber plug 200 of the reverse circulation drilling circulation channel switching nipple 001 is arranged in a sealing mode with the inner wall of the working shaft 610, and the liquid outlet section 611 and the liquid inlet section 613 are isolated.
Furthermore, one channel of the reverse circulation drilling circulation channel switching short joint 001 is communicated with the liquid inlet section 613 to supply drilling liquid to the naked eye, and then the other channel isolated by the same reverse circulation drilling circulation channel switching short joint 001 is communicated with the liquid outlet section 611 to be used for backflow of the drilling liquid.
Referring to fig. 5 and 6, in the present embodiment, the upper joint 100 has a first end 101 and a second end 103 opposite to each other; the rubber plug 200 is sleeved outside the upper joint 100, a discharge annulus 110 is formed between the first end 101 and the rubber plug 200, the discharge annulus 110 is directly communicated with the liquid outlet section 611, an inflow annulus 130 is formed between the second end 103 and the rubber plug 200, and the inflow annulus 130 is directly communicated with the liquid inlet section 613; a flow guide space 150 communicated with a drilling fluid supply channel 711 is arranged in the upper joint 100; the diverting mandrel 300 is disposed in the guide space 150, and separates the guide space 150 into an inflow channel 310 between the diverting mandrel 300 and the inner wall of the guide space 150, and an outflow channel 330 inside the diverting mandrel 300. A drill bit 800 for drilling is further arranged at the end of the second drill pipe 730, and a drill bit water hole 810 is arranged on the drill bit 800.
The drilling fluid supply passage 711, the inflow passage 310, the inflow annulus 130, the drill bit port 810, the drilling fluid recovery passage 731, the inflow passage 310, and the discharge annulus 110 are in communication in sequence.
The overall drilling fluid flow path is: the drilling fluid flows into the inflow annulus 130 from the drilling fluid supply channel 711 through the inflow channel 310, enters the fluid inlet section 613 from the inflow annulus 130, is brought into the open hole from the fluid inlet section 613, the drilling fluid with partial rock debris in the open hole flows back into the drilling fluid recovery channel 731 through the drill bit port 810, enters the outflow channel 330 through the drilling fluid recovery channel 731 communicated with the outflow channel 330, then enters the outflow section 611 from the outflow channel 330 through the discharge annulus 110, and finally is discharged from the outflow section 611.
In this embodiment, an inlet end connected to the drilling fluid supply channel 711 is formed at one end of the diversion space 150 close to the first end 101, the reversing mandrel 300 has a reversing end 301 corresponding to the inlet end, a diversion channel is formed between the circumferential outer side of the reversing mandrel 300 and the inner wall of the diversion space 150, and the reversing end 301 is closely attached to the inlet end and provided with a plurality of diversion grooves 350 communicating the drilling fluid supply channel 711 with the circumferential diversion channel.
The drilling fluid passes from the drilling fluid supply channel 711 through the diversion trench 350 into the annular diversion canal, which forms the inflow channel 310 described above.
Referring to fig. 1 and 7, specifically, a sealing surface is formed on a surface where the reversing end 301 of the reversing mandrel 300 and the inner wall of the inlet end of the diversion space 150 are tightly attached to each other, a first through hole 331 is formed at a position where the reversing end 301 corresponds to the sealing surface, a second through hole 111 is formed at a position where the upper joint 100 corresponds to the sealing surface, and the first through hole 331 and the second through hole 111 penetrate to form a first diversion hole 370 communicating the outflow channel 330 with the discharge annulus 110.
The first guide hole 370 is directly isolated from the guide groove 350 because it is disposed in the sealing surface. The outflow passage 330 may be in communication with the discharge annulus 110 via the first flow apertures 370. Due to the isolation design of the first diversion holes 370 and the diversion grooves 350, the diversion mandrel 300 is directly arranged in the diversion space 150, and the diversion space 150 is separated into an inflow channel 310 between the diversion mandrel 300 and the inner wall of the diversion space 150 and an outflow channel 330 inside the diversion mandrel 300; further, the inflow channel 310 and the outflow channel 330 have two completely opposite flow directions. The circumferential flow guide on the outer ring of the reversing spindle 300 is in direct communication with the drilling fluid supply channel 711, so that the supply of drilling fluid can be completed through the circumferential flow guide on the outer side, and the collection of drilling fluid is completed through the outflow channel 330 inside the reversing spindle 300.
Specifically, the flow guiding space 150 has an outlet end near the second end 103, and the upper joint 100 is provided with a second flow guiding hole 170 at the outlet end for communicating the annular flow guiding channel with the inflow annulus 130.
In this embodiment, in order to improve the sealing performance of the rubber stopper 200 to the working well bore 610 and ensure that the liquid outlet section 611 and the liquid inlet section 613 are directly isolated during operation, the first convex ring 230 is formed at a position of the rubber stopper 200 close to the first end 101, that is, the first convex ring 230 is formed at the outer side of the rubber stopper 200 corresponding to the discharge annular space 110, and the first convex ring 230 is tightly attached to the inner wall of the working well bore 610. The rubber stopper 200 is provided with a second convex ring 250 at a position close to the second end 103, namely the rubber stopper 200 is provided with a first convex ring 230 at the outer side corresponding to the inflow annular space 130, and the second convex ring 250 is used for clinging to the inner wall of the working shaft 610. Because certain hydraulic pressure is formed in the discharge annulus 110 and the inflow annulus 130, the first convex ring 230 and the second convex ring 250 can be further pushed to form extrusion force on the inner wall of the working well bore 610, and the sealing performance is enhanced.
Thus, referring to fig. 11 and 12, the specific drilling fluid flow paths are: the drilling fluid enters the inflow channel 310 formed by the annular flow guide channels from the drilling fluid supply channel 711 through the flow guide grooves 350, flows into the inflow annular space 130 from the inflow channel 310 through the second flow guide holes 170, enters the fluid inlet section 613 from the inflow annular space 130, is brought into the open hole from the fluid inlet section 613, returns the drilling fluid with partial rock debris in the open hole to the drilling fluid recovery channel 731 through the drill bit water hole 810, enters the outflow channel 330 through the drilling fluid recovery channel 731 communicated with the outflow channel 330, enters the discharge annular space 110 from the outflow channel 330 through the first flow guide holes 370, enters the outflow section 611 from the discharge annular space 110, and is discharged from the outflow section 611.
Referring to fig. 7 and 8, in this embodiment, a plurality of access grooves are circumferentially formed at an inlet end of an inner wall of the diversion space 150, a sealing ridge is formed between two adjacent access grooves, the reversing end 301 is provided with a sealing surface tightly attached to the sealing ridge, a gasket 500 for reinforcing sealing is arranged between the sealing surface and the sealing ridge, and the sealing effect can be reinforced by the arrangement of the gasket 500.
It should be noted that, in some alternative embodiments, the access slot may be disposed on the circumferential direction of the reversing end 301 of the reversing mandrel 300, and disposed smoothly at the inlet end of the inner wall of the diversion space 150. Such an arrangement may achieve a similar effect, but may cause the overall strength of the commutating end 301 of the commutating mandrel 300 to drop rapidly, reducing the service life.
Since the first through hole 331 and the second through hole 111 need to be aligned precisely, and must not be displaced or dislocated during use. Therefore, the anti-rotation key 303 is arranged at one end of the reversing mandrel 300 far away from the inlet end, the anti-rotation groove matched with the anti-rotation key 303 is arranged in the upper joint 100, and the anti-rotation key 303 and the anti-rotation groove are matched to avoid the rotation dislocation of the reversing mandrel 300.
A lower fitting 400 is provided at the second end 103, the lower fitting 400 having an elongated channel 410 coaxial with the outflow channel 330. One end of the lower joint 400 is inserted into a mounting hole provided at the second end 103 of the upper joint 100.
Two sealing rings 430 are disposed between the end of the reversing mandrel 300 away from the inlet end and the upper joint 100. The sealing performance is improved through the sealing ring 430, and the drilling fluid is prevented from flowing out of the annular flow guide channel through the mounting hole.
Referring to fig. 5, 9 and 10, in order to improve the wear resistance of the entire reverse circulation drilling circulation channel switching sub 001 and also to position the rubber plug 200 after the rubber plug 200 is installed, a plurality of centering blocks 190 are circumferentially disposed on the outer ring of the upper joint 100, and the rubber plug 200 is provided with positioning holes 210 corresponding to the centering blocks 190. The centering block 190 extends out of the positioning hole 210, the rubber plug 200 can be positioned, the centering block 190 directly contacts the inner wall of the working shaft 610, and when the reverse circulation drilling circulation channel switching nipple 001 and the inner wall of the working shaft 610 are displaced relatively in the using process, the overall wear resistance of the reverse circulation drilling circulation channel switching nipple 001 is improved through the centering block 190.
In the present embodiment, the rubber stopper 200 is directly molded on the outside of the upper joint 100 through a vulcanization process using a mold. The positioning holes 210 are formed after molding.
In this embodiment, at least one wear-resistant cemented carbide post 191 is embedded in the centering block 190, and the wear-resistant cemented carbide post 191 extends from an end of the centering block 190 away from the flow guiding space 150. The wear resistance can be further improved by the wear resistant cemented carbide post 191.
In this embodiment, the reverse circulation drilling system further includes a drilling fluid purification system (not shown in the figure) for cleaning rock debris and providing purified drilling fluid, and one end of the first drill rod 710, which is far away from the circulation channel switching nipple 001, is connected to a drilling fluid output port of the drilling fluid purification system. The casing 600 is connected to a drilling fluid input port of the drilling fluid purification system at a port of the fluid outlet section 611. The drilling fluid purification system can repeatedly use the drilling fluid, supplies purified drilling fluid for the drilling fluid supply channel 711 through a drilling fluid output port, returns to the drilling fluid purification system through a drilling fluid input port through a drilling fluid recovery channel 731 after the drilling fluid carries rock debris in the environment, purifies the drilling fluid with the rock debris, takes out impurities such as the rock debris, and outputs the impurities through a drilling fluid output port to form circulation.
The reverse circulation drilling system provided by the invention can realize reverse circulation drilling in an open hole section, ground equipment does not need to be changed and adjusted, the conventional drilling construction process is not influenced, the open hole section at the bottom of the well is free of cuttings, the drilling friction is reduced, the speed is increased, the cost is reduced, and the drilling safety is ensured. The reverse circulation drilling circulation channel switching nipple 001 can be matched with the sleeve 600 through the rubber plug 200 to realize the segmentation of the sleeve 600, so that the liquid outlet section 611 and the liquid inlet section 613 in a single sleeve 600 respectively have different flow directions, thereby realizing the supply of the drilling fluid and the backflow of the drilling fluid with rock debris. The position of the reverse circulation drilling circulation channel switching nipple 001 in the sleeve 600 is centered by the centering block 190, so that the eccentric stress concentration and friction increase caused by the rubber plug 200 can be avoided, and the service life of the rubber plug 200 is prolonged. The inflow annulus 130 and the exhaust annulus 110 formed by the rubber plug 200 and the upper joint 100 can provide a flow path while enhancing sealing performance.
Example two
The embodiment provides a reverse circulation drilling method, referring to fig. 11 and 12, which is implemented by using the reverse circulation drilling system provided by the embodiment, and comprises the following steps:
a. after the well hole is drilled in the previous opening, a casing 600 is put into the well for cementing;
b. counting the drilling depth of the drill bit 800 of the stratum with different depths of the drilled area, and taking the average drilling depth of the drill bit 800 as the predicted drilling depth data D of each drillingiSelecting a drill bit 800 and a second drill rod 730;
c. the drilling tool is put into the hole, and the depth of the drilling tool reaches LiDuring drilling, a circulation channel switching short section 001 is arranged at the end part of the second drill rod 730, the first drill rod 710 is arranged at the other end of the circulation channel switching short section 001, and the drill bit 800 extends to the bottom of the well by continuous drilling, wherein LiRatio DiMore than 30m in size;
d. and the pump is started to supply the drilling fluid to the drilling fluid supply channel 711 to realize circulation and pressurized drilling.
If the final depth of the drilling is not reached, the method also comprises the following steps:
e. when the drilling depth approaches or reaches DiWhile the first drill pipe 710 is raised, the predicted drilling depth D is determined for the next passi+1Adjusting the position of the circulation channel switching short section 001 to Li+1Forming a new second drill rod 730 on the drill rod below the circulation channel switching short joint 001, and installing a new first drill rod 710 above the circulation channel switching short joint 001;
f. repeating the steps a to e.
Through the reverse circulation drilling method, the circulation channel switching nipple 001 is basically located at a position close to a wellhead when drilling is carried out at every time, backflow of rock debris drilling fluid is facilitated, the circulation channel switching nipple 001 is guaranteed to be located in a controllable range, and the sealing effect of the circulation channel switching nipple 001 on the inner wall of the casing 600 is facilitated to be kept.
In addition, when the forward circulation well flushing needs to be recovered, the first drill rod 710 is lifted to 30-50 m, another set of circulation channel switching short joint 001 is installed at the middle part of the first drill rod 710 or at the well head, drilling is performed, a pump is started, forward circulation well flushing is achieved, the circulation channel is dredged, after the circulation channel is dredged, the set of circulation channel switching short joint 001 installed after the first drill rod 710 is lifted, and a new first drill rod 710 is connected to the well bottom to recover reverse circulation drilling.
The above situations requiring recovery from a positive cycle well wash include: when the reverse circulation drilling pump pressure rises sharply, the water hole 810 of the drill bit at the bottom of the well is judged to be blocked.
The flow direction of fluid in the whole well can be realized by installing the extra circulation channel switching nipple 001 at a position close to the well mouth and completely inverting the flow direction, so that the well can be automatically flushed and dredged without additionally extending into other equipment to perform complex cleaning operation.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A reverse circulation drilling system is characterized by comprising a casing, a circulation channel switching short joint, a first drill rod, a second drill rod and a drill bit;
the casing is a working shaft which is drilled into a well hole in the last drilling time and is reinforced by cement, and the lower part of the working shaft is drilled into the open hole;
the circulating channel switching nipple is provided with an upper joint and a rubber plug, the circulating channel switching nipple is arranged in the working shaft, and an inflow channel and an outflow channel which are separated are formed in the upper joint;
one end of the circulation channel switching short section is connected with the first drill rod, and the other end of the circulation channel switching short section is connected with the second drill rod;
a drilling fluid supply channel communicated with the inflow channel is formed in the first drill rod, and a liquid outlet section is formed outside the first drill rod and on the inner wall of the working shaft; a drilling fluid recovery channel communicated with the outflow channel is formed in the second drill rod, and a fluid inlet section is formed outside the second drill rod and on the inner wall of the working shaft; the rubber plug is hermetically arranged with the inner wall of the working shaft to isolate the liquid outlet section from the liquid inlet section;
the drill bit is arranged at the bottom of the second drill rod, and a drill bit water hole communicated with the drilling fluid recovery channel is formed in the drill bit;
the liquid inlet section is communicated with the drilling recovery channel at the drill bit water hole;
the circulation channel switching short section also comprises a reversing mandrel which is detachably arranged with the upper joint;
a flow guide space communicated with a drilling fluid supply channel is arranged in the upper joint;
the reversing mandrel is arranged in the diversion space and divides the diversion space into the inflow channel between the reversing mandrel and the inner wall of the diversion space and the outflow channel inside the reversing mandrel;
the upper joint is provided with a first end and a second end which are oppositely arranged;
first end with form the intercommunication between the rubber buffer go out the liquid section with the discharge annular space of the passageway of effluenting, the second end with form the intercommunication between the rubber buffer go into the liquid section intercommunication with the inflow annular space of passageway of effluenting.
2. The reverse circulation drilling system according to claim 1, further comprising a drilling fluid purification system for cleaning rock debris and providing purified drilling fluid, wherein the end of the first drill pipe remote from the circulation channel switching sub is connected to a drilling fluid outlet of the drilling fluid purification system.
3. The reverse circulation drilling system of claim 2, wherein the casing is connected to a drilling fluid input port of the drilling fluid purification system at a port of the outlet section.
4. The reverse circulation drilling system of claim 1, wherein the rubber plug is vulcanization molded outside the top sub.
5. The reverse circulation drilling system according to claim 1, wherein a first convex ring is formed at a position of the rubber plug close to the first end, and the first convex ring is used for clinging to the inner wall of the working shaft to isolate the liquid outlet section from the liquid inlet section; the rubber buffer is close to the position of second end forms the second bulge loop, the second bulge loop is used for hugging closely the working shaft inner wall, keeps apart go out the liquid section with go into the liquid section.
6. The reverse circulation drilling system of claim 5, wherein the upper sub is provided with a centralizer block at a corresponding location between the first collar and the second collar, the centralizer block being fixedly attached to an outer ring of the upper sub.
7. A reverse circulation drilling method, using the reverse circulation drilling system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
a. after the well is drilled in the previous opening, a casing is put into the well for cementing;
b. counting the drill bit footage of different depth strata in the drilled area, and taking the average footage of the drill bit as the predicted drilling depth data D of each drillingiSelecting the drill bit and the second drill rod;
c. the drilling tool is put into the hole, and the depth of the drilling tool reaches LiAnd then, installing the circulation channel switching short section at the upper part of the second drill rod, installing the first drill rod at the other end of the circulation channel switching short section, and continuing to drill to enable the drill bit to extend to the bottom of the well, wherein LiRatio DiMore than 30m in size;
d. and opening a pump to supply the drilling fluid to the drilling fluid supply channel to realize circulation and pressurized drilling.
8. The reverse circulation drilling method of claim 7, further comprising, after step d, the steps of:
e. when the drilling depth approaches or reaches DiWhen the drill bit is drilled, the first drill rod is lifted upwards, and the drilling depth D is predicted according to the next drilli+1Adjusting the position of the circulating channel switching short section to Li+1Forming a new second drill rod on the drill rod below the circulation channel switching short section, and installing a new first drill rod above the circulation channel switching short section;
f. repeating said steps a-e.
9. The reverse circulation well drilling method according to claim 7, wherein when the normal circulation well flushing needs to be recovered, the first drill rod is lifted up by 30-50 m, another set of circulation channel switching short section is installed at the middle part of the first drill rod or at the well head, the drilling is performed, a pump is started to realize the normal circulation well flushing, after the well flushing operation is completed, the first drill rod is lifted up, the circulation channel switching short section close to the well head is detached, and a new first drill rod is connected to the well bottom to recover the reverse circulation drilling.
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| CN111155929B (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2021-07-02 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | Coal mine underground water hole prevention and control high-water-pressure water jacking directional drilling tool and drilling method |
| CN111485843B (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2024-04-30 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Automatic reversing two-way water hole grinding shoes |
| CN113236136B (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2022-05-27 | 浙大城市学院 | Installation and operation method of full-process monitoring system of reverse circulation drilled pile |
| CN114278230A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-05 | 库尔勒施得石油技术服务有限公司 | Reverse circulation drill bit |
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