CN110342956B - Low-cost ecological ceramic material with various sound absorption structures and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low-cost ecological ceramic material with various sound absorption structures and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110342956B CN110342956B CN201910774304.6A CN201910774304A CN110342956B CN 110342956 B CN110342956 B CN 110342956B CN 201910774304 A CN201910774304 A CN 201910774304A CN 110342956 B CN110342956 B CN 110342956B
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012784 inorganic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
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- C04B33/04—Clay; Kaolin
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- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
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- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
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- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
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- C04B33/1321—Waste slurries, e.g. harbour sludge, industrial muds
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- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/02—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by adding chemical blowing agents
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- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/06—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by burning-out added substances by burning natural expanding materials or by sublimating or melting out added substances
- C04B38/063—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
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- C04B38/0645—Burnable, meltable, sublimable materials
- C04B38/067—Macromolecular compounds
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- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/06—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by burning-out added substances by burning natural expanding materials or by sublimating or melting out added substances
- C04B38/063—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B38/0635—Compounding ingredients
- C04B38/0645—Burnable, meltable, sublimable materials
- C04B38/068—Carbonaceous materials, e.g. coal, carbon, graphite, hydrocarbons
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
- E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
- E04B1/86—Sound-absorbing elements slab-shaped
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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- Electromagnetism (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Porous Artificial Stone Or Porous Ceramic Products (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a low-cost ecological ceramic material with multiple sound absorption structures, which comprises the following components: 22-27% of fly ash, 13-18% of coal gangue, 8-12% of red mud, 40-45% of shale, 5-10% of feldspar, 0.2-2% of foaming agent, 0.5-3% of binder, 7-12% of pore-forming agent and 0-1% of surfactant; has multiple pore structures, and can absorb water vapor in the environment to adjust the air humidity. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the ceramic material, wherein a perforated plate sound absorption structure, a micro-perforated resonance sound absorption structure and a thin plate resonance sound absorption structure are respectively formed by three pore-forming modes of mechanical perforation, a pore-forming agent and a foaming agent, the open porosity of the material is increased, the high-frequency sound absorption effect is improved, the sound absorption effect of medium and low frequencies is improved by various sound absorption structures, the cost of the preparation raw materials is low, and the ceramic material is in line with the environmental protection and the utilization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of municipal building ecological ceramic materials, and particularly relates to a low-cost ecological ceramic material with multiple sound absorption structures, and a preparation method of the low-cost ecological ceramic material with multiple sound absorption structures
Background
With the development of industrialization and the increase of natural development strength in China, the environmental problems in China are increasingly highlighted. The large accumulation of industrial solid wastes pollutes the land and water bodies. The predicament caused by the excessive drying of air in the north and the moisture in the south of China due to noise pollution, light pollution and uneven water resource distribution caused by climate change. Porous sound absorbing materials are most commonly used to reduce and eliminate ambient noise. Among them, the use of organic sound-absorbing materials is limited due to flammability, and inorganic fiber sound-absorbing materials such as rock wool have good sound-absorbing performance but are easily pulverized to generate dust, thereby damaging human health.
At present, porous ceramic sound absorption materials are one sound absorption material developed in recent years. The sound-absorbing coating has the advantages of stable performance, good weather resistance, corrosion resistance, high strength, environmental friendliness and good sound absorption performance, and can completely meet the outdoor use requirements. However, the existing porous ceramic sound absorption material has the problems of high raw material cost, low aperture ratio and single function; such as corundum, is used as a main raw material, so that the raw material cost is high, and the fuel cost is also high due to overhigh sintering temperature; certain non-renewable special raw materials such as perlite are adopted as main raw materials, which is not beneficial to popularization and use of the product; a single foaming method is adopted: the stirring foaming method or the gas foaming method causes low porosity of pores, poor sound absorption effect of products, single diameter of the pores, narrow sound absorption frequency range of the products, small sound absorption effect on other audio frequencies and influence on the sound absorption performance of the products.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-cost ecological ceramic material with various sound absorption structures, and solves the problems of single function, high raw material cost and single sound absorption structure of the existing sound absorption material.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for preparing a low-cost eco-ceramic material having various sound absorption structures.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that a low-cost ecological ceramic material with various sound absorption structures comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 22-27% of fly ash, 13-18% of coal gangue, 8-12% of red mud, 40-45% of shale, 5-10% of feldspar, 0.2-2% of foaming agent, 0.5-3% of binder, 7-12% of pore-forming agent and 0-1% of surfactant;
the ecological ceramic material has three hole structures of a tubular air hole, a multi-point open spherical air hole and a closed spherical air hole, and a perforated plate sound absorption structure, a micro-perforated resonance sound absorption structure and a thin plate resonance sound absorption structure are respectively formed in sequence.
Yet another feature of the present invention is that,
preferably, the mass percentages of the components in the fly ash are as follows: SiO 2245 to 50 percent of Al2O325 to 30 percent of Fe2O35 to 10 percent of TiO20.5 to 1.5 percent of CaO, 5 to 10 percent of CaO, 0.5 to 1.5 percent of MgO, and K20.5 to 1.5 percent of O and Na20.1 to 0.5 percent of O.
Preferably, the coal gangue comprises the following components in percentage by mass: SiO 2240 to 45 percent of Al2O325 to 30 percent of Fe2O33 to 8 percent of TiO20.5 to 1.5 percent of CaO, 0.5 to 1.5 percent of MgO, and K20.5 to 1.5 percent of O and Na20.1 to 0.5 percent of O.
Preferably, the red mud comprises the following components in percentage by mass: SiO 2220 to 50 percent of Al2O325 to 30 percent of Fe2O38 to 13 percent of CaO, 9 to 14 percent of CaO and Na2O is 6 to 9 percent.
Preferably, the shale comprises the following components in percentage by mass: SiO 2255 to 60 percent of Al2O315 to 20 percent of Fe2O35 to 10 percent of CaO, 3 to 5 percent of CaO and K2O is 2 to 4 percent and Na2O 0.5%～1.5%。
Preferably, the foaming agent is any one or a combination of calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate and silicon carbide according to any proportion.
Preferably, the binder is one or a combination of two of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and xanthan gum according to any proportion.
Preferably, the pore-forming agent is any one or a combination of several of polystyrene spheres, spherical plastic particles, spherical activated carbon and coal powder according to any proportion.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the low-cost ecological ceramic material with various sound absorption structures, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, weighing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 22-27% of fly ash, 13-18% of coal gangue, 8-12% of red mud, 40-45% of shale, 5-10% of feldspar, 0.2-2% of foaming agent, 0.5-3% of binder, 7-12% of pore-forming agent and 0-1% of surfactant for later use;
the foaming agent is one or a combination of calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate and silicon carbide according to any proportion;
the binder is one or a composition of two of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and xanthan gum according to any proportion;
the pore-forming agent is any one or a combination of a plurality of polystyrene balls, spherical plastic particles, spherical active carbon and coal powder according to any proportion;
the surfactant is polyvinyl alcohol;
step 2, coarsely crushing the coal gangue and the shale respectively by a crusher to particles with the particle size of less than or equal to 3mm, mixing the particles with the fly ash, the red mud, the feldspar, the binder and the foaming agent, putting the mixture into a ball mill for ball milling, sieving the mixture by a 200-mesh sieve to obtain mixed powder A, and uniformly mixing the mixed powder A and the coal powder in a stirrer to obtain mixed powder B
Step 3, dissolving a surfactant in water to obtain colloid with the concentration of 10-12%, and uniformly mixing the colloid and a pore-forming agent according to the volume ratio of the colloid to the pore-forming agent of 1: 30-60 to obtain a viscose pore-forming agent;
step 4, slowly adding the mixed powder B into the viscose pore-forming agent, adding water during the process, and continuously stirring to obtain spherical granules with the surfaces uniformly adhered with the materials;
step 5, injecting the spherical granules prepared in the step 4 into a mould, lightly pressing to enable the granules to be tightly closed, naturally drying until certain strength is achieved, and demoulding to obtain a semi-dry blank;
step 6, punching the semi-dry blank by adopting a nail plate punching machine, wherein the hole distance is about 1 cm-5 cm, and then 80 DEGoC～90 oC, drying at the temperature of C to obtain a hard blank;
step 7, the hard blank is processedIs put into a kiln at 1150 oC～1200 oAnd C, calcining for 20-60 min under the condition of C, and naturally cooling to obtain the ecological ceramic material with various sound absorption structures.
Furthermore, the ecological ceramic material prepared by adopting three pore-forming modes of a nail plate perforating machine and a pore-forming agent and a foaming agent has three pore structures of a tubular pore, a multi-point open spherical pore and a closed spherical pore, and a perforated plate sound absorption structure, a micro-perforated resonance sound absorption structure and a thin plate resonance sound absorption structure are respectively and sequentially formed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that the low-cost ecological ceramic material with various sound absorption structures and the preparation method thereof have the following advantages:
(1) through three pore-forming modes of mechanical punching, pore-forming by a pore-forming agent and pore-forming by a foaming agent, pore structures with different pore diameters and different pore types are obtained in the material, and a perforated plate sound absorption structure, a micro-perforated resonance sound absorption structure and a thin plate resonance sound absorption structure are respectively and sequentially formed. Not only is the opening porosity of the material increased and the high-frequency sound absorption effect improved, but also the sound absorption effect of medium and low frequency is improved by various sound absorption structures;
(2) the ecological ceramic material with various pore structures can absorb and release water vapor in the environment, so that the effect of adjusting the air humidity is achieved;
(3) the internal pore structure of the ecological ceramic material is spherical and tubular, has high mechanical strength, is easy to cut and is beneficial to paving and mounting;
(4) the ecological ceramic material is prepared from solid wastes such as fly ash and coal gangue and common raw materials which are easily obtained, so that the cost is reduced, the resources are saved, the concepts of green environmental protection and sustainable development are met, and the industrialization and the marketization are easy to realize.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
The invention relates to a low-cost ecological ceramic material with multiple sound absorption structures, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 22-27% of fly ash, 13-18% of coal gangue, 8-12% of red mud, 40-45% of shale, 5-10% of feldspar, 0.2-2% of foaming agent, 0.5-3% of binder, 7-12% of pore-forming agent and 0-1% of surfactant;
the ecological ceramic material has three hole structures of a tubular air hole, a multi-point open spherical air hole and a closed spherical air hole, and a perforated plate sound absorption structure, a micro-perforated resonance sound absorption structure and a thin plate resonance sound absorption structure are respectively formed in sequence.
The mass percentages of the components in the fly ash are as follows: SiO 2245 to 50 percent of Al2O325 to 30 percent of Fe2O35 to 10 percent of TiO20.5 to 1.5 percent of CaO, 5 to 10 percent of CaO, 0.5 to 1.5 percent of MgO, and K20.5 to 1.5 percent of O and Na20.1 to 0.5 percent of O.
The coal gangue comprises the following components in percentage by mass: SiO 2240 to 45 percent of Al2O325 to 30 percent of Fe2O33 to 8 percent of TiO20.5 to 1.5 percent of CaO, 0.5 to 1.5 percent of MgO, and K20.5 to 1.5 percent of O and Na20.1 to 0.5 percent of O.
The red mud comprises the following components in percentage by mass: SiO 2220 to 50 percent of Al2O325 to 30 percent of Fe2O38 to 13 percent of CaO, 9 to 14 percent of CaO and Na2O is 6 to 9 percent.
The shale comprises the following components in percentage by mass: SiO 2255 to 60 percent of Al2O315 to 20 percent of Fe2O35 to 10 percent of CaO, 3 to 5 percent of CaO and K2O is 2 to 4 percent and Na2O 0.5%～1.5%。
The foaming agent is one or a combination of calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate and silicon carbide according to any proportion.
The binder is one or a combination of two of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and xanthan gum according to any proportion.
The pore-forming agent is any one or a combination of a plurality of polystyrene balls, spherical plastic particles and spherical activated carbon according to any proportion.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a low-cost ecological ceramic material with various sound absorption structures, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, weighing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 22-27% of fly ash, 13-18% of coal gangue, 8-12% of red mud, 40-45% of shale, 5-10% of feldspar, 0.2-2% of foaming agent, 0.5-3% of binder, 5-10% of pore-forming agent and 0-1% of surfactant for later use;
the foaming agent is one or a combination of calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate and silicon carbide according to any proportion;
the binder is one or a composition of two of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and xanthan gum according to any proportion;
the pore-forming agent is any one or a combination of a plurality of polystyrene balls, spherical plastic particles, spherical active carbon and coal powder according to any proportion;
step 2, coarsely crushing the coal gangue and the shale respectively by a crusher to particles with the particle size of less than or equal to 3mm, mixing the particles with the fly ash, the red mud, the feldspar, the binder and the foaming agent, putting the mixture into a ball mill for ball milling, sieving the mixture by a 200-mesh sieve to obtain mixed powder A, and uniformly mixing the mixed powder A and the coal powder in a stirrer to obtain mixed powder B;
step 3, dissolving a surfactant in water to obtain colloid with the concentration of 10-12%, and uniformly mixing the colloid and a pore-forming agent according to the volume ratio of the colloid to the pore-forming agent of 1: 30-60 to obtain a viscose pore-forming agent;
step 4, slowly adding the mixed powder B into the viscose pore-forming agent, adding water during the process, and continuously stirring to obtain spherical granules with the surfaces uniformly adhered with the materials;
step 5, injecting the spherical granules prepared in the step 4 into a mould, lightly pressing to enable the granules to be tightly closed, naturally drying until certain strength is achieved, and demoulding to obtain a semi-dry blank;
step 6, punching the semi-dry blank by adopting a nail plate punching machine, wherein the hole distance is about 1 cm-5 cm, and then 80 DEGoC～90 oC, drying at the temperature of C to obtain a hard blank;
step 7, placing the hard blank into a kiln 1150 oC～1200 oConditional calcination of C, calcinationAnd (5) naturally cooling for 20-60 min to obtain the ecological ceramic material with various sound absorption structures.
The ecological ceramic material prepared by adopting three pore-forming modes of punching by a nail plate punching machine and pore-forming agent and foaming agent has three pore structures of tubular pores, multi-point open spherical pores and closed spherical pores, and a perforated plate sound absorption structure, a micro-perforated resonance sound absorption structure and a thin plate resonance sound absorption structure are respectively and sequentially formed.
Example 1
A preparation method of a low-cost ecological ceramic material with various sound absorption structures comprises the following steps:
step 1, weighing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 25% of fly ash, 15% of coal gangue, 10% of red mud, 43% of shale, 7% of feldspar, 0.5% of silicon carbide, 2% of xanthan gum, 8% of polystyrene spheres (with the diameter of 1-2 mm), 4% of coal powder (with the size of 40-60 meshes) and 1% of polyvinyl alcohol for later use;
wherein the fly ash comprises the following components in percentage by mass: SiO 2248% of Al2O327% of Fe2O38% of TiO21% of CaO, 8% of CaO, 1% of MgO and K2O is 1% and Na2O is 0.3 percent;
the coal gangue comprises the following components in percentage by mass: SiO 2243% of Al2O327% of Fe2O35% of TiO21% of CaO, 1% of MgO, and K2O is 1% and Na2O is 0.3 percent;
the red mud comprises the following components in percentage by mass: SiO 2230% of Al2O327% of Fe2O310% of CaO, 12% of CaO and Na2O is 7%.
The shale comprises the following components in percentage by mass: SiO 2257% of Al2O317% of Fe2O38% of CaO, 4% of CaO, K2O is 3% and Na2O is 1 percent;
and 2, coarsely crushing the coal gangue and the shale respectively by a crusher to particles with the particle size of less than or equal to 3mm, mixing the particles with the fly ash, the red mud, the feldspar, the binder and the foaming agent, putting the mixture into a ball mill for ball milling, sieving the mixture by a 200-mesh sieve to obtain mixed powder A, and uniformly mixing the mixed powder A and the coal powder in a stirrer to obtain mixed powder B.
And 3, dissolving the surfactant in water to obtain colloid with the concentration of 12%, and uniformly mixing the colloid and the pore-forming agent according to the volume ratio of the colloid to the pore-forming agent of 1:40 to obtain the viscose pore-forming agent.
Step 4, slowly adding the mixed powder B into the viscose pore-forming agent, adding water and continuously stirring to obtain spherical granules with uniformly adhered materials on the surfaces;
and 5, injecting the spherical granules prepared in the step 4 into a mould, lightly pressing to enable the granules to be tightly closed, naturally drying until certain strength is achieved, and demoulding to obtain a semi-dry blank.
Step 6, punching the blank by adopting a nail plate punching machine, wherein the distance between the holes is about 1cm, and then, punching at 85 DEG oC, drying at the temperature of C to obtain a hard blank;
step 7, placing the hard blank in a kiln 1170oCalcining for 30min under the condition of C, and naturally cooling to obtain the ecological ceramic material with various sound absorption structures.
The obtained eco-ceramic material having various sound absorption structures was cut, and as viewed from the cut section: the material is a ceramic material formed by densely packing numerous spherical ceramic bubbles, wherein any two adjacent ceramic bubbles are communicated through a vertex, so that numerous curved channels are formed inside the material and are communicated to the surface of the material; the walls of any adjacent ceramic bubbles and the junction area thereof are full of micro open-pore and closed-pore ceramic bubbles; on the length and width plane of the material, tubular air holes are arranged about every 1cm, and the axes of the air holes are vertical to the length and width plane of the material.
And detecting the sound absorption performance, the moisture absorption performance, the porosity, the density and the compressive strength of the obtained ecological ceramic material with various sound absorption structures. The noise reduction coefficient of the material was measured to be 0.56 by the standing wave ratio method (test basis: GB/T18696.1-2004). The water storage rate of the material measured by a weighing method is 117 kg/m3. The material had a porosity of 83% and a density of 380kg/m measured by the drainage method3. The compressive strength of the material was measured to be 4.5 MPa.
Example 2
A preparation method of a low-cost ecological ceramic material with various sound absorption structures comprises the following steps:
step 1, weighing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 22% of fly ash, 14% of coal gangue, 8% of red mud, 45% of shale, 5% of feldspar, 1% of a mixture of silicon carbide and calcium carbonate, 1% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 8% of spherical plastic particles (with the diameter of 2-3 mm); 4% of coal powder (40-60 meshes) and 0.3% of polyvinyl alcohol for later use;
wherein the fly ash comprises the following components in percentage by mass: SiO 2245% of Al2O325% of Fe2O35% of TiO20.5% of CaO, 0.5% of MgO, and K20.5% of O and Na2O is 0.1%;
the coal gangue comprises the following components in percentage by mass: SiO 2240% of Al2O325% of Fe2O33% of TiO20.5% of CaO, 0.5% of MgO, and K20.5% of O and Na2O is 0.1%;
the red mud comprises the following components in percentage by mass: SiO 2220% of Al2O325% of Fe2O38% of CaO, 9% of CaO and Na2O is 6 percent.
The shale comprises the following components in percentage by mass: SiO 2255% of Al2O315% of Fe2O35% of CaO, 3% of CaO, K2O is 2% and Na2O is 0.5 percent;
step 2, coarsely crushing the coal gangue and the shale respectively by a crusher to particles with the particle size of less than or equal to 3mm, mixing the particles with the fly ash, the red mud, the feldspar, the binder and the foaming agent, putting the mixture into a ball mill for ball milling, sieving the mixture by a 200-mesh sieve to obtain mixed powder A, and uniformly mixing the mixed powder A and the coal powder in a stirrer to obtain mixed powder B;
and 3, dissolving the surfactant in water to obtain 10% colloid, and uniformly mixing the colloid and the pore-forming agent according to the volume ratio of the colloid to the pore-forming agent of 1:30 to obtain the viscose pore-forming agent.
Step 4, slowly adding the mixed powder B into the viscose pore-forming agent, adding water and continuously stirring to obtain spherical granules with uniformly adhered materials on the surfaces;
and 5, injecting the spherical granules prepared in the step 4 into a mould, lightly pressing to enable the granules to be tightly closed, naturally drying until certain strength is achieved, and demoulding to obtain a semi-dry blank.
Step 6, punching the blank by adopting a nail plate punching machine, wherein the distance between the holes is about 3cm, and then, punching at 80 DEG oC, drying at the temperature of C to obtain a hard blank;
step 7, placing the hard blank in a kiln 1170oCalcining for 30min under the condition of C, and naturally cooling to obtain the ecological ceramic material with various sound absorption structures.
The obtained ecological ceramic material with various sound absorption structures is subjected to sound absorption performance, moisture absorption performance, porosity, density and compressive strength detection. The noise reduction coefficient of the material was measured to be 0.52 by the standing wave ratio method (test basis: GB/T18696.1-2004). The water storage rate of the material measured by a weighing method is 109kg/m3. The porosity of the material measured by the drainage method was 82%, and the density was 390kg/m3. The compressive strength of the material was measured to be 4.8 MPa.
Example 3
Step 1, weighing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 27% of fly ash, 18% of coal gangue, 12% of red mud, 40% of shale, 10% of feldspar, 2% of a mixture of silicon carbide and calcium sulfate, 3% of a mixture of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and xanthan gum, 10% of spherical active carbon (with the diameter of 1-3 mm) and 0.5% of polyvinyl alcohol for later use;
wherein the fly ash comprises the following components in percentage by mass: SiO 2250% of Al2O330% of Fe2O310% of TiO21.5%, CaO 10%, MgO 1.5%, K2O is 1.5%, Na2O is 0.5 percent;
the coal gangue comprises the following components in percentage by mass: SiO 2245% of Al2O330% of Fe2O38% of TiO21.5 percent,CaO 1.5%, MgO 1.5%, K2O is 1.5%, Na2O is 0.5 percent;
the red mud comprises the following components in percentage by mass: SiO 2250% of Al2O330% of Fe2O313% of CaO, 14% of CaO and Na2The content of O is 9 percent.
The shale comprises the following components in percentage by mass: SiO 2260% of Al2O320% of Fe2O310% of CaO, 5% of CaO, K2O is 4% and Na2O is 1.5 percent;
step 2, coarsely crushing the coal gangue and the shale respectively by a crusher to particles with the particle size of less than or equal to 3mm, mixing the particles with the fly ash, the red mud, the feldspar, the binder and the foaming agent, putting the mixture into a ball mill for ball milling, sieving the mixture by a 200-mesh sieve to obtain mixed powder A, and uniformly mixing the mixed powder A and the coal powder in a stirrer to obtain mixed powder B;
and 3, dissolving the surfactant in water to obtain 15% colloid, and uniformly mixing the colloid and the pore-forming agent according to the volume ratio of the colloid to the pore-forming agent of 1:60 to obtain the viscose pore-forming agent.
Step 4, slowly adding the mixed powder B into the viscose pore-forming agent, adding water and continuously stirring to obtain spherical granules with uniformly adhered materials on the surfaces;
and 5, injecting the spherical granules prepared in the step 4 into a mould, lightly pressing to enable the granules to be tightly closed, naturally drying until certain strength is achieved, and demoulding to obtain a semi-dry blank.
Step 6, punching the blank by adopting a nail plate punching machine, wherein the distance between the holes is about 2cm, and then, punching at 90 DEG oC, drying at the temperature of C to obtain a hard blank;
step 7, placing the hard blank into a kiln at 1200 DEGoCalcining for 60min under the condition of C, and naturally cooling to obtain the ecological ceramic material with various sound absorption structures.
And detecting the sound absorption performance, the moisture absorption performance, the porosity, the density and the compressive strength of the obtained ecological ceramic material with various sound absorption structures. The noise reduction coefficient of the material was measured to be 0.41 by the standing wave ratio method (test basis: GB/T18696.1-2004). By weighingThe water storage rate of the material was measured to be 98kg/m3. The porosity of the material measured by the drainage method was 79%, and the density was 450kg/m3. The compressive strength of the material was measured to be 5.2 MPa.
The sound absorption data of the samples of the above examples are shown in Table 1
Table 1 acoustic absorption data for samples of examples 1-3
Claims (9)
1. The low-cost ecological ceramic material with various sound absorption structures is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 22-27% of fly ash, 13-18% of coal gangue, 8-12% of red mud, 40-45% of shale, 5-10% of feldspar, 0.2-2% of foaming agent, 0.5-3% of binder, 7-12% of pore-forming agent and 0-1% of surfactant, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of all the components is 100%;
the low-cost ecological ceramic material has three hole structures of a tubular air hole, a multi-point opened spherical air hole and a closed spherical air hole, and a perforated plate sound absorption structure, a micro-perforated resonance sound absorption structure and a thin plate resonance sound absorption structure are respectively formed in sequence; the binder is one or a composition of two of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and xanthan gum according to any proportion.
2. A low cost eco-ceramic material with sound absorbing structures according to claim 1, wherein the fly ash comprises the following components in mass percent: SiO 2245 to 50 percent of Al2O325 to 30 percent of Fe2O35 to 10 percent of TiO20.5 to 1.5 percent of CaO, 5 to 10 percent of CaO, 0.5 to 1.5 percent of MgO, and K20.5 to 1.5 percent of O and Na20.1 to 0.5 percent of O, and the sum of the mass percent of all the components is 100 percent.
3. A low cost ecological sound absorbing structure having a plurality of sound absorbing structures as set forth in claim 1The ceramic material is characterized in that the coal gangue comprises the following components in percentage by mass: SiO 2240 to 45 percent of Al2O325 to 30 percent of Fe2O33 to 8 percent of TiO20.5 to 1.5 percent of CaO, 0.5 to 1.5 percent of MgO, and K20.5 to 1.5 percent of O and Na20.1 to 0.5 percent of O, and the sum of the mass percent of all the components is 100 percent.
4. The low-cost ecological ceramic material with multiple sound absorption structures as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass percentages of the components in the red mud are as follows: SiO 2220 to 50 percent of Al2O325 to 30 percent of Fe2O38 to 13 percent of CaO, 9 to 14 percent of CaO and Na2O is 6-9 percent, and the sum of the mass percentages of all the components is 100 percent.
5. A low cost eco-ceramic material with sound absorbing structures according to claim 1, wherein the shale has the following components by mass: SiO 2255 to 60 percent of Al2O315 to 20 percent of Fe2O35 to 10 percent of CaO, 3 to 5 percent of CaO and K2O is 2 to 4 percent and Na2O is 0.5 to 1.5 percent, and the sum of the mass percent of all the components is 100 percent.
6. A low-cost eco-ceramic material with multiple sound absorbing structures as claimed in claim 1, wherein said foaming agent is any one or a combination of calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate and silicon carbide in any ratio.
7. The low-cost ecological ceramic material with various sound absorption structures as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pore-forming agent is any one or a combination of polystyrene spheres, spherical plastic particles, spherical activated carbon and pulverized coal in any proportion.
8. A preparation method of a low-cost ecological ceramic material with various sound absorption structures is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, weighing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 22-27% of fly ash, 13-18% of coal gangue, 8-12% of red mud, 40-45% of shale, 5-10% of feldspar, 0.2-2% of foaming agent, 0.5-3% of binder, 7-12% of pore-forming agent and 0-1% of surfactant, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of all the components is 100% for later use;
the foaming agent is one or a composition of more of calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate and silicon carbide in any proportion;
the binder is one or a composition of two of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and xanthan gum according to any proportion;
the pore-forming agent is a composition of any one or more of polystyrene balls, spherical plastic particles and spherical activated carbon in any proportion;
the surfactant is polyvinyl alcohol;
step 2, coarsely crushing the coal gangue and the shale respectively by a crusher to particles with the particle size of less than or equal to 3mm, mixing the particles with the fly ash, the red mud, the feldspar, the binder and the foaming agent, putting the mixture into a ball mill for ball milling, sieving the mixture by a 200-mesh sieve to obtain mixed powder A, and uniformly mixing the mixed powder A and the coal powder in a stirrer to obtain mixed powder B;
step 3, dissolving a surfactant in water to obtain colloid with the concentration of 10-12%, and uniformly mixing the colloid and a pore-forming agent according to the volume ratio of the colloid to the pore-forming agent of 1: 30-60 to obtain a viscose pore-forming agent;
step 4, slowly adding the mixed powder B into the viscose pore-forming agent, adding water and continuously stirring to obtain spherical granules with uniformly adhered materials on the surfaces;
step 5, injecting the spherical granules prepared in the step 4 into a mould, lightly pressing to enable the granules to be tightly closed, naturally drying until certain strength is achieved, and demoulding to obtain a semi-dry blank;
step 6, punching the semi-dry blank by adopting a nail plate punching machine, wherein the hole distance is 1 cm-5 cm, and then 80 DEGoC～90 oC, drying at the temperature of C to obtain a hard blank;
step 7, placing the hard blank into a kiln 1150 oC～1200 oAnd C, calcining for 20-60 min under the condition of C, and naturally cooling to obtain the ecological ceramic material with various sound absorption structures.
9. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the nail-plate punch is used to form the holes, and the hole-forming agent and the foaming agent are used to form the holes, so that the low-cost ecological ceramic material has three hole structures including tubular air holes, multi-point open spherical air holes and closed spherical air holes, and the sound-absorbing structure with perforated plate, micro-perforated resonant sound-absorbing structure and thin-plate resonant sound-absorbing structure are sequentially formed.
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