CN110340450A - A CNC gear grinding machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a numerically controlled gear grinding machine, which comprises a bed, on which a sliding table is movably arranged along the X axis, a column is movably arranged on the sliding table along the Z axis, and a column is movably arranged on the side wall of the column along the Y axis. A grinding wheel box is provided, and the grinding wheel main shaft C-axis is rotatably arranged in the grinding wheel main shaft. A grinding wheel is installed on one end of the grinding wheel main shaft C-axis. axis, the rotary shaft B is provided with a workpiece box at one end outside the rotary shaft box, the workpiece box rotates with the rotary shaft B, and the workpiece box is rotatably provided with the workpiece spindle A, which is connected to the rotary shaft The rotating shaft B axis is vertical, and the workpiece is installed on the end of the workpiece spindle A axis close to the grinding wheel spindle C axis, and a grinding wheel dresser is also arranged on the bed. The numerical control gear grinding machine of the present invention has the advantages of compact structure, small occupied area, good stability, convenient operation, high processing precision and convenient grinding wheel dressing.

Description

A CNC gear grinding machine

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of gear processing equipment, and in particular relates to a numerically controlled gear grinding machine.

Background technique

In the prior art, gear grinding machines include mechanical gear grinding machines and numerically controlled gear grinding machines, and mechanical gear grinding machines are gradually eliminated due to their complicated structure and adjustment links. Existing CNC gear grinding machines use computers to directly control three linear axes (i.e. X, Y, Z axes) and three rotating axes (i.e. A, B, C axes) to simulate the machining movement of mechanical gear grinding machines, thereby Gears are machined. A common CNC gear grinding machine, as shown in Figure 1, includes a body 1, a B-axis 2 is rotatably arranged on the body 1 along the horizontal direction, and an A-axis turntable 3 that rotates with the B-axis 2 is arranged on the B-axis 2. The A-axis turntable 3 is rotatably provided with an A-axis 4 perpendicular to the B-axis 2 (i.e., the workpiece spindle), and one end of the A-axis 4 is mounted with a workpiece, and a support column 5 is arranged on the body 1, and the support column 5 is along the X-axis direction. The X-axis slide table 6 is movably arranged, the Y-axis slide table 7 is movably arranged along the Y-axis direction on the X-axis slide table 6, and the Z-axis slide table 7 is movably arranged along the Z-axis direction on the side wall of the Y-axis slide table 7. Axis slide table 8, Z axis slide table 8 is provided with rotatable C axis 9 (being grinding wheel main shaft) along vertical direction, and C axis 9 bottoms are provided with emery wheel, and emery wheel is positioned at A axis 4 tops. Although the CNC gear grinding machine with the above structure can realize the processing of gears, it has the following main defects:

a. In order to ensure that the movement axes do not interfere with each other and the grinding wheel can reach the processing point of the workpiece, the overhang of the grinding wheel must be long, and the overhang of the main shaft of the grinding wheel will lead to poor rigidity, so that the grinding wheel is easy to vibrate when the processing intensity is high , it is difficult to guarantee the machining accuracy;

b. The B-axis is a cradle structure, and the workpiece processing point is located directly above the A-axis turntable. During the processing, it is easy to accumulate wear debris, and during the grinding process, the grinding fluid is easy to drip onto the body, causing the body It is easy to accumulate oil, not only the cleanliness is low, but also the waste of grinding fluid is caused;

c. The position of the processed workpiece is between the two rotating supports of the B axis, which affects the loading and unloading of the workpiece and the observation during processing;

d. Set the support column on the fuselage, set the X-axis slide table on the support column, set the Z-axis slide table on the X-axis slide table, set the Y-axis slide table on the axis slide table, and finally set the C-axis on the Y-axis slide table. There are four motion axes distributed above the workpiece spindle, which is prone to top-heavy situations and poor stability;

e. The grinding wheel needs to be trimmed after being used for a period of time. When trimming, the grinding wheel must be disassembled, which is time-consuming and laborious.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a numerically controlled gear grinding machine with compact structure, small footprint, good stability, convenient operation, high machining accuracy and convenient grinding wheel dressing.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A CNC gear grinding machine, comprising:

bed frame;

Sliding table, the sliding table is movably arranged on the bed along the horizontal axis X-axis, the column is movably arranged along the horizontal axis Z-axis on the sliding table, and the side wall of the column is movably arranged along the vertical axis Y-axis There is a grinding wheel box body, the grinding wheel main shaft C axis is rotatably arranged in the grinding wheel box body, the C axis of the grinding wheel main shaft is parallel to the direction of the Z axis, and one end of the grinding wheel main shaft C axis is installed with a grinding wheel for processing workpieces;

Rotary axis box, the rotary axis box is arranged on the bed and is located on the side of the sliding table along the Z axis direction, the rotary axis box is rotatably provided with the rotary axis B axis, the rotary axis B axis is parallel to the X axis direction, and the rotary axis One end of the rotating shaft B outside the rotary shaft box is provided with a workpiece box. The workpiece box rotates together with the rotary shaft B. The workpiece box is rotatably provided with the workpiece spindle A-axis. The workpiece spindle A-axis and the rotary shaft B-axis Vertical, the end of the A-axis of the workpiece spindle close to the C-axis of the grinding wheel spindle is used to install the workpiece;

The grinding wheel dresser is arranged on the bed and used for dressing the grinding wheel.

Optionally, a first guide rail is arranged on the side wall of the column along the Y-axis direction, the grinding wheel box is slidably arranged on the first guide rail, a second guide rail is arranged on the bed along the X-axis direction, and the slide table is slidably arranged on the second guide rail , the slide table is provided with a third guide rail along the Z-axis direction, and the column is slidably arranged on the third guide rail.

Optionally, a first driving device is also included, the first driving device is arranged on the column, and the first driving device is in transmission connection with the grinding wheel box, so as to drive the grinding wheel box to slide along the first guide rail.

Optionally, a second driving device is also included, the second driving device is arranged on the bed, and the second driving device is in transmission connection with the slide table, so as to drive the slide table to slide along the second guide rail.

Optionally, a third driving device is also included, the third driving device is arranged on the slide table, the third driving device is in transmission connection with the column, and is used to drive the column to slide along the third guide rail.

Optionally, an oil tank is arranged under the grinding wheel and the workpiece, and the oil tank is used to collect grinding fluid.

Optionally, the grinding wheel dresser is a motor built-in grinding wheel dresser, including a motor body and a grinding wheel dressing head, the motor body is arranged on the bed, and the grinding wheel dressing head is arranged on the output shaft of the motor body and is used for dressing the grinding wheel.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

In the technical solution of the present invention, the processing of the gear depends on the relative movement of the grinding wheel and the workpiece, and the relative position of the grinding wheel and the workpiece can be determined by the relative position of the bed and the sliding table, the relative position of the sliding table and the column, and the relationship between the column and the grinding wheel box. The relative position is determined by the B axis of the rotary axis, the C axis of the grinding wheel spindle, and the A axis of the workpiece spindle, that is, the relative position of the grinding wheel and the workpiece can be determined by three linear axes and three rotational axes. The setting of six axes can ensure that the grinding wheel and the workpiece Can be in any desired relative position. First of all, the CNC gear grinding machine of the present invention has few parts, compact structure, and small floor space; secondly, the C-axis of the grinding wheel spindle is set along the horizontal Z-axis direction, which can make the position of the grinding wheel box lower, and further make the CNC gear grinding The overall center of gravity of the machine is lower and the stability is better; in addition, when processing workpieces, the C-axis of the grinding wheel spindle does not need to extend a long distance outside the grinding wheel box, which makes the vibration of the grinding wheel smaller and the machining accuracy higher; at the same time, the grinding wheel Both the workpiece and the workpiece are located outside the side of the bed, which is not only convenient for observation and operation, but also the grinding debris and grinding fluid will not fall on the machine body, the cleanliness is high, the chip removal is easy, and the grinding fluid can be collected, reducing the grinding The waste of liquid; finally, the bed is equipped with a grinding wheel dresser, when the grinding wheel needs to be dressed after a period of use, it can be directly dressed without disassembly.

Description of drawings

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail, wherein:

Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of existing CNC gear grinding machine;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is another perspective view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a third perspective view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

5 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is another perspective view of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a third perspective view of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Detailed ways

Embodiment one:

As shown in Figures 2 to 4, a CNC gear grinding machine of the present invention includes a bed 100, on which a slide 200 is movably arranged along the horizontal axis X-axis, and on the slide 200 is a A column 201 is movably arranged towards the Z axis, and a grinding wheel box 202 is movably arranged on the side wall of the column 201 along the vertical axis Y axis, and a grinding wheel spindle C axis is rotatably arranged in the grinding wheel box 202, and the grinding wheel spindle The C-axis is parallel to the Z-axis direction. One end of the C-axis of the grinding wheel spindle is equipped with a grinding wheel 203 for processing workpieces. The bed 100 is also provided with a rotary shaft box 204. The rotary shaft box 204 is located on the side of the slide table 200 along the Z-axis direction. On one side, the rotary shaft box 204 is rotatably provided with a rotary shaft B shaft, the rotary shaft B shaft is parallel to the X-axis direction, and one end of the rotary shaft B shaft outside the rotary shaft box body 204 is provided with a workpiece box 205, and the workpiece The casing 205 rotates together with the rotary axis B. The workpiece casing 205 is rotatably provided with a workpiece spindle A. The workpiece spindle A is perpendicular to the rotary axis B. One end of the workpiece spindle A close to the grinding wheel spindle C is used for The workpiece is installed, and a grinding wheel dresser 300 is also provided on the bed 100 for dressing the grinding wheel 203 .

In this embodiment, the formation of the gear tooth surface depends on the relative movement between the grinding wheel 203 and the workpiece, and the relative position of the grinding wheel 203 and the workpiece can be determined by the relative position of the bed 100 and the slide table 200, the relative position of the slide table 200 and the column 201 position, the relative position of the column 201 and the grinding wheel box 202, the rotary axis B axis, the grinding wheel spindle C axis, and the workpiece spindle A axis, that is, the relative position of the grinding wheel 203 and the workpiece can be determined by three linear axes and three rotational axes. , the six-axis setting can keep the grinding wheel 203 and the workpiece in any desired relative position. Specifically, in the working process, after assembling the workpiece on the A-axis of the workpiece spindle and assembling the grinding wheel 203 on the C-axis of the grinding wheel spindle, the sliding table 13 is controlled to move to an appropriate position along the horizontal axis X-axis, and the vertical column 201 is controlled to move along the horizontal axis Axial Z-axis moves to the appropriate position, controls the grinding wheel box 202 to move to the appropriate position along the vertical axis Y-axis, so that the grinding wheel 203 is in contact with the workpiece so as to carry out the grinding process. The rotary axis B axis can adjust the machining angle of the workpiece, and the machining position of the workpiece can be adjusted by turning the workpiece spindle A axis and the grinding wheel spindle C axis. The numerical control gear grinding machine of the present invention has few complete machine parts, compact structure and small occupied area. Secondly, the C-axis of the grinding wheel spindle is set along the horizontal Z-axis, which can make the position of the grinding wheel box 202 lower, thereby making the overall center of gravity of the CNC gear grinding machine lower and more stable. In addition, when machining workpieces, the C-axis of the grinding wheel spindle does not need to hang out of the grinding wheel box 202 for a long distance, so that the vibration of the grinding wheel 203 is small and the machining accuracy is higher. At the same time, the grinding wheel 203 and the workpiece are located outside the bed 100, which is not only convenient for observation and operation, but also the grinding debris and grinding fluid will not fall on the bed 100, with high cleanliness, convenient chip removal, and more convenient collection grinding fluid. Moreover, the position of the rotary shaft box 204 is fixed, so that the operation is more convenient during processing, and the processing accuracy is higher. The bed 100 is provided with a grinding wheel dresser 300. When the grinding wheel 203 needs to be dressed after a period of use, it can be dressed directly without disassembly, which is fast and convenient. It should be noted that the mentioned X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis are three axes of the spatial Cartesian coordinate system, wherein the X-axis and the Z-axis are arranged perpendicular to each other along the horizontal direction, and the Y-axis is arranged along the vertical direction.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2 to FIG. 4 , a first guide rail 400 is arranged on the side wall of the column 201 along the Y-axis direction, the grinding wheel box 202 is slidably arranged on the first guide rail 400 , and the bed 100 is arranged along the X-axis direction. There is a second guide rail 401 on which the slide table 200 is slidably disposed, a third guide rail 402 is provided on the slide table 200 along the Z-axis direction, and the column 201 is slidably disposed on the third guide rail 402 . The arrangement of the first guide rail 400 , the second guide rail 401 and the third guide rail 402 can ensure that the grinding wheel box 202 , the slide table 200 and the column 201 move in corresponding directions, thereby reducing machining errors.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2 to FIG. 4 , it also includes a first driving device 403, the first driving device 403 is arranged on the column 201, and the first driving device 403 is connected to the grinding wheel box 202 for driving the grinding wheel box The body 202 slides along the first guide rail 400 .

Further, as shown in FIG. 2 to FIG. 4 , the second driving device 404 is arranged on the bed 100 , and the second driving device 404 is in transmission connection with the slide table 200 for driving the slide table 200 along the The second guide rail 401 slides.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2 to FIG. 4, the third driving device 405, the third driving device 405 is arranged on the slide table 200, and the third driving device 405 is in transmission connection with the column 201 for driving the column 201 along the third The guide rail 402 slides.

By setting the first driving device 403 , the second driving device 404 and the third driving device 405 , the adjustment of the spatial position of the grinding wheel box 202 can be realized, and then the relative position of the grinding wheel 203 and the workpiece can be adjusted.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2 to FIG. 4 , the first driving device 403 includes a first lead screw 406 and a first lead screw nut, the first lead screw 406 is rotatably arranged on the column 201 , the first lead screw 406 and the first lead screw nut The direction of the Y axis is parallel, and the first lead screw nut is arranged on the grinding wheel box 202 corresponding to the first lead screw 406 , and the first lead screw nut is threadedly connected with the first lead screw 406 . The motor drives the first lead screw 406 to rotate, so that the first lead screw nut moves along the axial direction of the first lead screw 406 , and the first lead screw nut drives the grinding wheel box 202 to move along the Y-axis direction.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 , the second driving device 404 includes a second lead screw 407 and a second lead screw nut. The second lead screw 407 is rotatably arranged on the bed 100 . The second lead screw 407 Parallel to the X-axis direction, the second lead screw nut is disposed on the slide table 200 corresponding to the second lead screw 407 , and the second lead screw nut is threadedly connected with the second lead screw 407 . The motor drives the second lead screw 407 to rotate, so that the second lead screw nut moves along the axial direction of the second lead screw 407 , and the second lead screw nut drives the slide table 200 to move along the X-axis direction.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 , the third driving device 405 includes a third lead screw 408 and a third lead screw nut, the third lead screw 408 is rotatably arranged on the slide table 200 , the third lead screw 408 Parallel to the Z-axis direction, the third lead screw nut is disposed on the column 201 corresponding to the third lead screw 408 , and the third lead screw nut is screwed to the third lead screw 408 . The motor drives the third lead screw 408 to rotate, so that the third lead screw nut moves along the axial direction of the third lead screw 408 , and the third lead screw nut drives the column 201 to move along the Z-axis direction.

It should be noted that the motor can directly drive the first lead screw 406, the second lead screw 407 and the third lead screw 408 to rotate, and the motor can also indirectly drive the first lead screw 406, the second lead screw 406, the second lead screw 408 through a transmission mechanism such as a conveyor belt or a gear. The rod 407 and the third lead screw 408 rotate. In addition, screw holes matching the first lead screw 406 , the second lead screw 407 and the third lead screw 408 can be directly processed on the grinding wheel box 202 , the slide table 200 and the column 201 .

Further, one or more of the first driving device 403, the second driving device 404 and the third driving device 405 may also be one of a linear motor, an air cylinder or an oil cylinder, when the first driving device 403, the second driving device 405 When the driving device 404 and the third driving device 405 are linear motors, the bodies of the three linear motors are respectively arranged on the column 201, the bed 100 and the slide table 200, and the drive shafts of the three linear motors are respectively connected to the grinding wheel box 202, the slide The table 200 and the column 201 are connected by transmission. Similarly, when the first driving device 403, the second driving device 404 and the third driving device 405 are air cylinders or oil cylinders, the bodies of the three air cylinders or oil cylinders are respectively arranged on the column 201, the bed 100 and the slide table 200. The piston rod of the air cylinder or the oil cylinder is respectively connected with the grinding wheel box 202, the slide table 200 and the column 201 in transmission.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2 to FIG. 4, there are two first guide rails 400, and the two first guide rails 400 are respectively arranged on both sides of the first driving device 403, and there are two second guide rails 401, and the two second guide rails 400 The guide rails 401 are respectively arranged on both sides of the second driving device 404 , and there are two third guide rails 402 , and the two third guide rails 402 are respectively arranged on both sides of the third driving device 405 . This setting can make the grinding wheel box 202, slide table 200 and column 201 more stable and smooth during the moving process, and the driving device is arranged in the middle of the corresponding two guide rails, which can make the structure of the whole machine more compact. In addition, according to actual needs, the number of the first guide rail 400, the second guide rail 401, and the third guide rail 402 can be more than two, and they are respectively arranged on the first drive device 403, the second drive device 404, and the third drive device 405. sides.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 4 , an oil tank 500 is provided under the grinding wheel 203 and the workpiece, and the oil tank 500 is used to collect grinding fluid. In the process of gear grinding, grinding fluid needs to be sprayed on the grinding wheel 203. The grinding fluid can take away heat and wear debris, thereby improving the service life of the grinding wheel 203. The oil tank 500 is used to collect the used grinding fluid. Make the grinding fluid can be reused.

Further, the grinding wheel dresser 300 is a built-in motor grinding wheel dresser, including a motor body and a grinding wheel dressing head, the motor body is arranged on the bed 100, and the grinding wheel dressing head is arranged on the output shaft of the motor body and is used for dressing the grinding wheel 203 . The position of the grinding wheel 203 can be adjusted. When the grinding wheel 203 needs to be trimmed, different positions of the grinding wheel 203 are brought into contact with the grinding wheel dressing head to dress the grinding wheel 203 . In addition, the grinding wheel dresser 300 can also be a universal grinding wheel dresser.

Embodiment two:

As shown in Figures 5 to 7, the CNC gear grinding machine provided by this embodiment is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1, and the main difference lies in the connection method between the column 201 and the sliding table 200 and the grinding wheel dresser 300 of this embodiment. The installation position is different from that in Embodiment 1. In the first embodiment, two third guide rails 402 are horizontally arranged on the upper surface of the slide table 200, and the upright column 201 is slidably arranged on the third guide rails 402. In this embodiment, there are at least two third guide rails 402 respectively provided on the slide table On the upper surface of 200 and the side close to the tool box 202, the lower end of the column 201 and the side wall away from the tool box 202 are provided with a first opening along the Z-axis direction, so that the cross-section of the column 201 along the Z-axis direction is inverted. The ladder-like structure is used for the column 201 to be slidably arranged on the third guide rail 402 on the upper surface and side of the slide table 200, and the upper end of the slide table 200 and the side wall close to the tool box 202 are provided along the Z-axis direction. The second opening makes the cross-section of the sliding table 200 along the Z-axis a step-like structure, so as to reserve an installation space for the third driving device 405 . This arrangement not only makes the structure more compact, but also enables the side wall on which the first guide rail 400 is arranged on the column 201 to extend downward, so that the position of the tool box 202 can be lower, and finally the overall center of gravity of the gear grinding machine is lower. The stability is better, and at the same time, the second opening on the slide table 200 can also reduce the overall weight of the slide table 200, thereby reducing the power required to drive the slide table 200, and the third driving device 405 is arranged on the upper surface of the slide table 200 and Between the third guide rails 402 on the side, it can not only make the column 201 more stable and smooth during the moving process, but also make the structure of the whole machine more compact. In addition, the grinding wheel dresser 300 of Embodiment 1 is installed on the bed 100, while the grinding wheel dresser 300 of this embodiment is installed on the workpiece box 205, the grinding wheel dresser 300 can rotate together with the workpiece box 205, and then can be more The dressing angle of the grinding wheel 203 by the grinding wheel dresser 300 is conveniently adjusted.

The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit it. Any modification or equivalent replacement that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of numerically controlled tooth grinding machine characterized by comprising

Lathe bed；

Slide unit, the slide unit are movably arranged on the lathe bed along horizontal axis X-axis, along horizontal axis Z on the slide unit Axis is movably disposed within column, is movably disposed within grinding wheel cabinet, the sand along vertical axial Y-axis on the column side wall Grinding wheel spindle C axis is can be rotatably set in roller box body, the grinding wheel spindle C axis is parallel with Z-direction, the grinding wheel spindle C One end of axis is equipped with the grinding wheel for workpieces processing；

Axle box is turned round, the revolution axle box is set on the lathe bed and is located at the slide unit in the side of Z-direction, institute Stating in revolution axle box can be rotatably set rotating shaft B axle, and the rotating shaft B axle is parallel with X-direction, the rotating shaft B Axis is provided with workpiece cabinet in one end outside the revolution axle box, and the workpiece cabinet is rotated together with the rotating shaft B axle, Work spindle A axis is can be rotatably set in the workpiece box body, the work spindle A axis is vertical with the rotating shaft B axle, institute Work spindle A axis is stated close to one end of the grinding wheel spindle C axis for installing workpiece；

Dresser, the dresser are set on the lathe bed and for modifying to the grinding wheel.

2. a kind of numerically controlled tooth grinding machine according to claim 1, which is characterized in that set along the y axis on the column side wall It is equipped with the first guide rail, the grinding wheel box body-sliding is set on first guide rail, is provided on the lathe bed along the x axis Two guide rails, the slide unit are slideably positioned on second guide rail, and Z-direction is provided with third guide rail, institute on the slide unit Column is stated to be slideably positioned on the third guide rail.

3. a kind of numerically controlled tooth grinding machine according to claim 2, which is characterized in that it further include first driving device, described One driving device is set on the column, and the first driving device and the grinding wheel cabinet are sequentially connected, for driving The grinding wheel cabinet is slided along first guide rail.

4. a kind of numerically controlled tooth grinding machine according to claim 2, which is characterized in that it further include the second driving device, described Two driving devices are set on the lathe bed, and second driving device and the slide unit are sequentially connected, with described for driving Slide unit is slided along second guide rail.

5. a kind of numerically controlled tooth grinding machine according to claim 2, which is characterized in that it further include third driving device, described Three driving devices are set on the slide unit, and the third driving device and the column are sequentially connected, with described for driving Column is slided along the third guide rail.

6. a kind of numerically controlled tooth grinding machine as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5, which is characterized in that the grinding wheel and work Fuel tank is provided with below part, the fuel tank is for collecting grinding fluid.

7. a kind of numerically controlled tooth grinding machine as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5, which is characterized in that the crushing Device is electric motor built-in dresser, including motor body and crushing head, the motor body are set to the lathe bed On, the crushing head is set on the output shaft of the motor body and for modifying to grinding wheel.