CN110336264A - A kind of pressure limiting circuit - Google Patents

A kind of pressure limiting circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110336264A
CN110336264A CN201910780439.3A CN201910780439A CN110336264A CN 110336264 A CN110336264 A CN 110336264A CN 201910780439 A CN201910780439 A CN 201910780439A CN 110336264 A CN110336264 A CN 110336264A
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China
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voltage
pressure limiting
circuit
varistor
thermistor
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CN110336264B (en
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石小龙
张治成
章俊
黎科
张旭
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Chengdu Tieda Electronic Ltd By Share Ltd
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Chengdu Tieda Electronic Ltd By Share Ltd
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Priority to PCT/CN2020/103038 priority patent/WO2021031766A1/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/04Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage

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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of pressure limiting circuits, which is characterized in that circuit includes: voltage controlled switch, resistor, posive temperature coefficient thermistor and varistor;Wherein, voltage controlled switch forms series-parallel branch in parallel with posive temperature coefficient thermistor again after resistor in series;Series-parallel branch one end is the input electrode end of pressure limiting circuit, and the other end is pressure limiting circuit output electrode end;The other end of series-parallel branch is also connected with varistor;Varistor one end is connect with the series-parallel branch, and the other end is that the common electrical of pressure limiting circuit is extreme;Posive temperature coefficient thermistor and varistor thermal coupling.The power output capacity that pressure limiting circuit is improved by the dynamic conducting of the resistor divider circuit, is adapted to the power requirement of electric energy meter different working condition;Can also make to export to the voltage of electric energy meter Switching Power Supply can also stablize between 110~330 volts (during jump) in power switching, to ensure that the normal work of electric energy meter Switching Power Supply.

Description

A kind of pressure limiting circuit
Technical field
The present invention relates to regulated power supply technical field more particularly to a kind of pressure limiting circuits.
Background technique
Switching mode voltage stabilizer is the power unit of many electronic equipments, it has, and high-efficient, voltage regulation performance is good, voltage is suitable The advantages that answering range wide.In 220 volts of conventional power supply lines, often have since the failures such as zero curve poor contact or open circuit cause Electric voltage exception increase, abnormal voltage peak can reach close to 380 volts.And it forms the rectifier bridge of switching mode voltage stabilizer, open The components such as pass triode, filter condenser are more sensitive to abnormal overvoltage, and input voltage fluctuation is too high, is easily damaged these Component, therefore, it is necessary to a pressure limiting circuits, and the fluctuation of network voltage is limited in safety value or less.The intelligence of electrical energy measurement Energy electric energy meter just uses Switching Power Supply, when it accesses 220 volts of power grids, needs the pressure limiting circuit of its inside by network voltage Undulated control is between 110~330 volts, to ensure the safety of component and the normal work of Switching Power Supply.
Figure one shows a kind of existing pressure limiting being widely used in the not strong old-fashioned electronic electric energy meter of communication function Circuit, since this electric energy meter does not need too big power consumption when data are transmitted, it is only necessary to which power supply provides 3 watts of power below just It is much of that, therefore it uses the pressure limiting circuit such as figure one to can be achieved with good pressure limiting effect, is connected on power input in the circuit The thermistor at end plays partial pressure, and the varistor for being connected in parallel on output end plays pressure limiting, and the thermal coupling between them is Response speed is improved, and mutually provides protection, there is good practical effect.However as the hair of technology of Internet of things Exhibition, the communication function of novel intelligent electric energy meter substantially enhance, and corresponding power consumption will also increase, and there are two types of works for this intelligent electric energy meter Make state, one is the states measured merely, at this time its power consumption at 3 watts hereinafter, input electric current within 10 milliamperes, it is another Kind is the working condition of metering plus communication (data transmission), at this point, its power consumption is at 6~10 watts or so, the electric current of input is 30 ~100 milliamperes or so, input current has a jump process when two kinds of working conditions switch.The pressure limiting circuit of figure one will be because defeated Power is too low out, dynamic range it is too narrow and make output voltage power switching after be reduced to (during jump) 100 volts hereinafter, not It can stablize between 110~330 volts, electric energy meter Switching Power Supply cannot be worked normally reliably.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention at least that, for how to overcome the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, provide one kind Pressure limiting circuit can adapt to the different working condition of novel intelligent electric energy meter, when network voltage is more than 330 volts, will export extremely It is limited between 110~330 volts to the voltage stabilization at Switching Power Supply end.
To achieve the goals above, the technical solution adopted by the present invention includes following aspects.
A kind of pressure limiting method connects using thermistor as input terminal and accesses power grid and varistor as output end parallel connection After accessing power grid, load circuit is accessed in varistor both ends parallel connection, when the network voltage of access is higher than at predetermined voltage It when abnormal voltage, is acted on by the thermal coupling of thermistor and varistor, voltage-limiting protection is carried out to load circuit, will be exported Voltage to the load circuit was limited between the minimum amount of voltage that it allows input and the maximum voltage value for allowing to input;Its It is characterized in that, a voltage-controlled type resistance branch in parallel on the thermistor, and corresponding voltage-controlled type electricity is set Hinder the turn-on condition of branch;
It is in abnormal voltage when the network voltage of access is higher than predetermined voltage, the load circuit changed power is more than predetermined When value, when the temperature of thermistor is higher than the heat balance point above its Curie point, its both end voltage is made to rise to trigger The voltage-controlled type resistance branch conducting, increases output to by the power bracket of protection circuit.
Preferably, in above-mentioned pressure limiting method, voltage-controlled type resistance branch includes: voltage controlled switch and resistor; The voltage controlled switch and resistor in series.
Preferably, in above-mentioned pressure limiting method, the turn-on voltage of voltage controlled switch is greater than power grid maximum abnormal voltage The difference for the maximum voltage value peak value that peak value and load circuit allow to input is less than power grid maximum abnormal voltage peak value and load electricity The difference for the minimum amount of voltage that peak value that road allows to input.
Preferably, in above-mentioned pressure limiting method, the value of resistor should meet: lead when triggering the voltage controlled switch After logical, when the load circuit is in minimum working current state, it is maximum abnormal that the pressure drop that the resistor generates is greater than power grid The difference for the maximum voltage value that voltage value and load circuit allow to input;
After triggering the voltage controlled switch conducting, when the load circuit is in maximum operating currenbt state, institute The pressure drop for stating resistor generation is less than the minimum electricity that load circuit allows the maximum voltage value inputted and load circuit to allow to input The difference of pressure value.
Further, a kind of pressure limiting circuit, comprising: voltage-controlled type resistance branch, posive temperature coefficient thermistor and pressure Quick resistance;
Wherein, the voltage-controlled type resistance branch includes: voltage controlled switch and resistor, the voltage-controlled type Switch and resistor in series;The voltage-controlled type resistance branch is in parallel with the thermistor to form series-parallel branch;It is described Series-parallel branch one end is the input electrode end of the pressure limiting circuit, and it is that the pressure limiting circuit is defeated that the other end, which draws a tap, Electrode tip out;The other end of the series-parallel branch is also connected with the varistor;Described varistor one end and the string Parallel branch connection, the other end are that the common electrical of the pressure limiting circuit is extreme;The thermistor and varistor heat Coupling;The pressure limiting circuit uses above-mentioned pressure limiting method, when the network voltage of access is higher than predetermined voltage and is in abnormal voltage, Voltage-limiting protection is carried out to by protection circuit;And when bearing power variation is more than predetermined value, the temperature of thermistor is higher than its residence In heat balance point above temperature spot, make its both end voltage rise to trigger the voltage-controlled type resistance branch conducting, increase Big output is to by the power bracket of protection circuit.
Preferably, in the pressure limiting circuit, voltage controlled switch is discharge tube, when the network voltage of access is 220V, The dc breakdown voltage value of the discharge tube is 70V~380V.
Preferably, in the pressure limiting circuit, the resistance value value of resistor is 1.7 kilohms~2.4 kilohms.
Preferably, in the pressure limiting circuit, when the network voltage of access is 220V, the nominal varistor electricity of the varistor Pressure is 390V, and maximum allowable working volts alternating current is 250V.
Preferably, in the pressure limiting circuit, voltage controlled switch, resistor, thermistor and varistor are packaged into One, corresponding electrode tip are drawn by lead.
Further, a kind of intelligent electric energy meter includes the pressure limiting electricity using above-mentioned pressure limiting method in the intelligent electric energy meter Road.
In conclusion by adopting the above-described technical solution, the present invention at least has the advantages that
Pressure limiting circuit of the invention by one in parallel of thermistor both ends by dynamic switch (voltage controlled switch) The resistor divider circuit of control, by the setting of corresponding component parameters, which be can adapt in load Circuit (by protection circuit) different capacity state dynamic is connected, to access to resistor in voltage controlled switch conducting When pressure limiting circuit, the power output capacity of the pressure limiting circuit is improved, enables the wider power of pressure limiting circuit out-put dynamic range Value, the performance number for exporting pressure limiting circuit can adapt to the load circuit different working condition under network voltage abnormality Power requirement;It can also make to export to the voltage of electric energy meter Switching Power Supply by the resistor divider circuit and (be jumped in power switching During change) it can also stablize between 110~330 volts, to ensure that the normal work of electric energy meter Switching Power Supply.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is applied in the prior art in one of the not strong old-fashioned electronic electric energy meter of communication function pressure limiting circuit Figure.
Fig. 2 is pressure limiting circuit figure according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Appended drawing reference: 101- thermistor;102- varistor;1- input electrode end;2- output electrode end;3- input electricity Extremely;4- varistor;5- thermistor (posive temperature coefficient thermistor);6- voltage controlled switch;7- resistor 7.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, the present invention will be described in further detail, so that the purpose of the present invention, technology Scheme and advantage are more clearly understood.It should be appreciated that described herein, specific examples are only used to explain the present invention, and does not have to It is of the invention in limiting.
Fig. 2 shows pressure limiting circuits according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.The circuit of the embodiment specifically includes that voltage Control type switch 6, resistor 7, posive temperature coefficient thermistor 5 and varistor 4;
Wherein, after the voltage controlled switch 6 is connected with resistor 7 again with the posive temperature coefficient thermistor 5 simultaneously Connection forms series-parallel branch;Described series-parallel branch one end is the input electrode end 1 of the pressure limiting circuit, and the other end draws one A tap is pressure limiting circuit output electrode end 2;The other end of the series-parallel branch is also connected with the varistor 4; Described 4 one end of varistor is connect with the series-parallel branch, and the other end is that the common electrical of the pressure limiting circuit is extreme;It is described Posive temperature coefficient thermistor 5 and 4 thermal coupling of varistor.
Specifically, in actual use, the input electrode end of pressure limiting circuit is connect with 220 volts of power network lines, its is defeated Electrode tip is connect with load circuit (by taking electric energy meter Switching Power Supply as an example) out, and the voltage range that Switching Power Supply works normally is 110 Between~330 volts, selecting the pressure sensitive voltage of varistor at this time is 390 volts, and maximum allowable working volts alternating current is 250 volts. According to the working condition of the stable state of network voltage and electric energy meter, pressure limiting circuit of the invention can be there are three types of different work sides Formula is as follows respectively:
The first working method: when input electrode terminate into network voltage lower than 250 volts when, varistor can be in height Athermic state is hindered, thermistor is also at normal temperature state, and it is low resistive state that temperature-sensitive resistance value, which is zero energy resistance value,.At this time not Pipe electric energy meter is that the electric current of thermistor is flowed through in metering state or communications status at several milliamperes or tens milliamperes, all low In the minimum working current of thermistor at room temperature, thermistor fever, resistance value cannot be caused to rise.At this point, due to heat Quick resistance is in low resistive state, and the pressure drop on thermistor is very small (partial pressure is minimum), can be approximately considered pressure limiting circuit and not rise Effect, network voltage are almost applied directly in the Switching Power Supply of electric energy meter.
Second of working method: when input electrode terminate into network voltage be more than 250 volts (in abnormal voltage value) when, Varistor begins with electric current and flows through and start to generate heat, and the heat that varistor generates, which is thermally coupled to thermistor, makes thermistor Resistance value increases due to heated, the partial pressure increasing on thermistor, and then slow down the electric current for flowing into varistor, with power grid The raising of voltage, when the current value for flowing into varistor reaches 10~30 milliampere hour, so that it may reach heat above Curie point Balance, thermistor have shared a part of abnormal overvoltage, the voltage for being output to Switching Power Supply end are made to be limited in 330 volts.At this moment If electric energy meter works in metering state, the electric current for flowing through thermistor only needs to shunt several milliamperes of inflow Switching Power Supplies, this The heat that point increment current generates can not make the temperature disengaging heat balance point of thermistor continue to rise, the resistance value of thermistor Also would not continue to increase, the partial pressure at thermistor both ends would not also continue growing, at this time if by the electricity in pressure limiting circuit The turn-on voltage of pressure control type switch is set above the voltage value of this partial pressure value, and voltage controlled switch would not be opened Conducting, correspondingly, does not then have electric current and flows through from the branch for being in series with voltage controlled switch.At this point, the output of pressure limiting circuit Power can guarantee normal work of the electric energy meter under metering state.
After network voltage restores normal, for the voltage at varistor both ends less than 250 volts, varistor is returned to high resistant not On state is generated without heat, and thermistor is coupled less than heat, and resistance value is begun to decline, and partial pressure decreases, final to return To the first working method.
The third working method: it if electric energy meter is in network voltage abnormality again, and works in communications status, pressure limiting The electric current of circuit output to Switching Power Supply needs to increase to tens milliamperes, and thermistor will be made because of the increase volume by electric current The outer power consumption for generating 1 watt or more, the additional heat of generation will make the temperature disengaging heat balance point of thermistor continue to rise, Above the Curie point of posive temperature coefficient thermistor, the small rising of temperature will lead to sharply increasing for resistance value, temperature-sensitive electricity The partial pressure at resistance both ends can also rise rapidly, and the voltage for being output to electric energy meter Switching Power Supply end will also decline.Once thermistor The partial pressure at both ends has been more than the conducting voltage of voltage controlled switch, and switch will be connected, and resistor is in parallel with thermistor, The power output capacity for improving pressure limiting circuit, ensure that the voltage for being output to Switching Power Supply end maintain 110~330 volts it Between.
To make pressure limiting circuit of the invention can adapt to the stable state of network voltage and the working condition realization of electric energy meter Second with the switching of the third working method, the choosing value of the conducting voltage of the voltage controlled switch, which should meet, is larger than electricity It is maximum abnormal to be less than power grid for the difference for netting the ceiling voltage peak value that maximum abnormal voltage peak value and the pressure limiting circuit allow to export The difference for the minimum voltage peak value that voltage peak and the pressure limiting circuit allow to export.In further embodiment of the present invention, Discharge tube can be selected to serve as in voltage controlled switch, and when in the electric energy meter pressure limiting circuit for being used in 220 volts of power grids of access, this is put The dc breakdown voltage value of fulgurite can be selected between 70~380 volts.
Further, should meet with the choosing value lower limit of the resistance value of the concatenated resistor of voltage controlled switch is passing through it When electric energy meter is switched to the minimum working current after communications status, the pressure drop that this resistance value generates is equal to power grid maximum abnormal voltage value With the difference for the maximum allowable voltage for being output to Switching Power Supply end.The choosing value upper limit of the resistance value of resistor, which should meet, makes it logical When crossing the maximum operating currenbt after electric energy meter is switched to communications status, the pressure drop that this resistance value generates is exported equal to the pressure limiting circuit To the maximum allowable voltage at Switching Power Supply end and the difference of minimum allowable voltage value.If setting work in 220 volts of power grids Electric energy meter, 10 watts of power of consumption, when Switching Power Supply end voltage is 330 volts of threshold limit values, the work of input are needed under communications status Making electric current is 30 milliamperes of minimum value, and when the electricity is at 110 volts of pressure at Switching Power Supply end Minimum Acceptable Value, the operating current of input is maximum value 90 milliamperes;Power grid maximum abnormal voltage is 380 volts.So, the lower limit of resistor resistance value be exactly RL=(380 volts -330 volts)/ 0.03 ampere=1.7 kilo-ohms, the upper limit R of resistor resistance valueH=(330 volts -110 volts)/0.09 ampere=2.4 kilo-ohms.At this In, working principle and many and diverse NONLINEAR CALCULATION is saved for convenience of explanation, the minimal maintenance that this setting has ignored discharge tube is led Shunt influence of the partial pressure and thermistor of logical voltage value under different resistance value states can carry out in practical applications Engineering amendment, as long as there is experimental verification support, it is all acceptable that the bound of resistance value, which has very big error,.
After above-mentioned thinking preferred element parameter, when power grid abnormal voltage reaches 330 volts an or more high positions, once electric energy Table enters communications status, and voltage controlled switch (discharge tube) will be connected, and the voltage for being output to Switching Power Supply end will drop to Between 110~330 volts, to ensure that the normal work of electric energy meter Switching Power Supply.And at this moment varistor will reduce or stop Fever, causes thermistor resistance decrease, and the electric current for flowing through thermistor increases, and the shunting for flowing through resistor accordingly starts to subtract Small, after thermistor resistance value reduces to a certain extent, the voltage at varistor both ends is begun to ramp up again, and varistor starts again Again it generates heat, prevents the further decline of thermistor resistance value, the voltage for being output to electric energy meter Switching Power Supply balances again At 330 volts.
After electric energy end of list (EOL) communication function returns to metering state, the electric current of electric energy meter Switching Power Supply is flowed into from tens milliamperes Rapid drawdown is several milliamperes, and the minimal maintenance discharge current of discharge tube will be less than (the maintenance electric current needs big by flowing through shunting for resistor Discharge tube conducting is just able to maintain in about 20 milliamperes), discharge tube just will disconnect, and circuit returns to the state of the second working method.
If electric energy meter still also operates at communications status, network voltage just has been restored to normal voltage, at this moment presses Quick resistance can also stop generating heat, thermistor resistance decrease, shunt and increase, and cause the electric current for flowing through resistor to reduce, Zhi Daoliu The shunting for crossing resistor decreases below the minimal maintenance electric current of discharge tube or the voltage drop at thermistor both ends as low as to small In the minimal maintenance voltage (maintenance voltage need to be greater than about 30 volts and just be able to maintain discharge tube conducting) of discharge tube, discharge tube will just break It opens, circuit is returned directly to the state of the first working method.To sum up, the pressure limiting circuit in this example is by giving thermistor parallel connection one The resistor divider circuit (voltage controlled switch) that item is controlled by dynamic switch, dynamically improves the power output of pressure limiting circuit Ability keeps the dynamical output power bracket of pressure limiting circuit wider, can either be adapted to electric energy meter and both be in network voltage exception shape State, again power requirement of the work in communications status are also ensured and are exported during jump to the electricity of electric energy meter Switching Power Supply Pressure energy is enough stable between 110~330 volts, to ensure that the normal work of electric energy meter Switching Power Supply.
Other than the application in electric energy meter, pressure limiting circuit of the invention be can be applied in small-power switching power-supply In other electric appliances, such as LED illumination electric appliance, in such applications, Switching Power Supply has been not necessarily intended to large and small two kinds of power ratings, Corresponding pressure limiting circuit also just only has 3 two kinds of working conditions of working method 1 and working method.
The above, the only detailed description of the specific embodiment of the invention, rather than limitation of the present invention.The relevant technologies The technical staff in field is not in the case where departing from principle and range of the invention, various replacements, modification and the improvement made It should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of pressure limiting method as output end and couples thermistor as input terminal series connection access power grid and varistor After entering power grid, load circuit is accessed in varistor both ends parallel connection, when the network voltage of access is in higher than predetermined voltage It when abnormal voltage, is acted on by the thermal coupling of thermistor and varistor, voltage-limiting protection is carried out to load circuit, will exported extremely The voltage of the load circuit, which is limited in it, to be allowed between the minimum amount of voltage that inputted and the maximum voltage value for allowing to input;It is special Sign is, a voltage-controlled type resistance branch in parallel on the thermistor, and corresponding voltage-controlled type resistance is arranged The turn-on condition of branch;
When the load circuit changed power is more than predetermined value, the temperature of thermistor is higher than the heat above its Curie point When equalization point, makes the rising of its both end voltage to trigger the voltage-controlled type resistance branch conducting, increase output and extremely protected The power bracket of circuit.
2. pressure limiting method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the voltage-controlled type resistance branch includes: voltage control Type switch and resistor processed;The voltage controlled switch and resistor in series.
3. pressure limiting method as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the turn-on voltage of the voltage controlled switch is greater than It is maximum abnormal to be less than power grid for the difference for the maximum voltage value peak value that power grid maximum abnormal voltage peak value and load circuit allow to input The difference for the minimum amount of voltage that peak value that voltage peak and load circuit allow to input.
4. pressure limiting method as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the value of the resistor should meet: when triggering institute After stating voltage controlled switch conducting, the load circuit is when be in minimum working current state, the pressure of the resistor generation Drop is greater than the difference for the maximum voltage value that power grid maximum abnormal voltage value and load circuit allow to input;
After triggering the voltage controlled switch conducting, when the load circuit is in maximum operating currenbt state, the electricity The pressure drop that resistance device generates is less than the minimum amount of voltage that load circuit allows the maximum voltage value inputted and load circuit to allow to input Difference.
5. a kind of pressure limiting circuit, which is characterized in that the pressure limiting circuit includes: voltage-controlled type resistance branch, positive temperature coefficient Thermistor and varistor;
Wherein, the voltage-controlled type resistance branch includes: voltage controlled switch and resistor, the voltage controlled switch With resistor in series;The voltage-controlled type resistance branch is in parallel with the thermistor to form series-parallel branch;The string is simultaneously Join the input electrode end that branch one end is the pressure limiting circuit, it is pressure limiting circuit output electricity that the other end, which draws a tap, Extremely;The other end of the series-parallel branch is also connected with the varistor;Described varistor one end and described series-parallel Branch connection, the other end are that the common electrical of the pressure limiting circuit is extreme;The thermistor and the varistor thermal coupling; The pressure limiting circuit uses such as any the method for claim 1-4, is higher than predetermined voltage in the network voltage of access and is in different When normal voltage, voltage-limiting protection is carried out to by protection circuit;And when bearing power variation is more than predetermined value, the temperature of thermistor Higher than the heat balance point above its Curie point, its both end voltage is made to rise to trigger the voltage-controlled type resistance branch Conducting increases output to by the power bracket of protection circuit.
6. pressure limiting circuit as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the voltage controlled switch is discharge tube, works as access Network voltage when being 220V, the dc breakdown voltage value of the discharge tube is 70V~380V.
7. pressure limiting circuit according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the resistance value value of the resistor is 1.7 kilohms ~2.4 kilohms.
8. pressure limiting circuit according to claim 5, which is characterized in that when the network voltage of access is 220V, the pressure The nominal varistor voltage of quick resistance is 390V, and maximum allowable working volts alternating current is 250V.
9. according to any pressure limiting circuit of claim 5-8, which is characterized in that the voltage controlled switch, resistor, Thermistor and varistor are packaged into one, and corresponding electrode tip is drawn by lead.
10. including the pressure limiting circuit using any pressure limiting method of claim 1-4 in intelligent electric energy meter.
CN201910780439.3A 2019-08-22 2019-08-22 Voltage limiting circuit Active CN110336264B (en)

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PCT/CN2020/103038 WO2021031766A1 (en) 2019-08-22 2020-07-20 Voltage limiting circuit

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