CN110331390B - Preparation method of ultra-light bionic metal material - Google Patents

Preparation method of ultra-light bionic metal material Download PDF

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CN110331390B
CN110331390B CN201910770684.6A CN201910770684A CN110331390B CN 110331390 B CN110331390 B CN 110331390B CN 201910770684 A CN201910770684 A CN 201910770684A CN 110331390 B CN110331390 B CN 110331390B
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treatment
metal material
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CN110331390A (en
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吴士平
戴贵鑫
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
    • C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
    • C23C18/1655—Process features
    • C23C18/1657—Electroless forming, i.e. substrate removed or destroyed at the end of the process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C23C18/20—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins
    • C23C18/2006—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins by other methods than those of C23C18/22 - C23C18/30
    • C23C18/2046—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins by other methods than those of C23C18/22 - C23C18/30 by chemical pretreatment
    • C23C18/2073—Multistep pretreatment
    • C23C18/2086—Multistep pretreatment with use of organic or inorganic compounds other than metals, first
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C23C18/20—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins
    • C23C18/22—Roughening, e.g. by etching
    • C23C18/24—Roughening, e.g. by etching using acid aqueous solutions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C23C18/20—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins
    • C23C18/28—Sensitising or activating
    • C23C18/285—Sensitising or activating with tin based compound or composition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C23C18/20—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins
    • C23C18/28—Sensitising or activating
    • C23C18/30—Activating or accelerating or sensitising with palladium or other noble metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/31—Coating with metals
    • C23C18/32—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of an ultra-light bionic metal material, and relates to the technical field of preparation of bionic metal materials. The invention aims to solve the technical problems of large mass and difficult application of the bionic metal material prepared by the existing method. The method comprises the following steps: 3D printing a structure template; preprocessing a template; plating metal on the whole structure of the template for one time; performing deactivation treatment, and plating metal on the outer surface of the template again; and (5) removing the template. The ultra-light bionic metal material prepared by the method can greatly reduce the density of the material under the condition of ensuring the strength, and the inside of the structure of the bionic metal material can be of various structures; the thickness of the bionic metal material can be controlled in a gradient manner. The production process is simple, easy to realize, low in preparation cost and flexible to operate. The invention is used for preparing the bionic material.

Description

Preparation method of ultra-light bionic metal material
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bionic metal material preparation.
Background
The bionic material is a novel functional material, is a designable intelligent material established on the basis of original materials, artificially synthesized materials and organic polymer materials in the nature, is a material developed and researched by imitating various characteristics or characteristics of organisms, and is an artificial material designed and manufactured according to the operation mode of a life system and the structural rule of the biological material. Therefore, the bionic material has the greatest characteristic of designability, people can extract a biological prototype in the nature, explore the functional principle of the biological prototype, and design a novel functional material with similar performance according to the functional principle.
Therefore, the research on the biomimetic technology can be achieved through the following points: (1) the structure is bionic: through analyzing and researching the biological structure, materials similar to organisms and biological structures are constructed, and therefore similar functions are achieved. (2) Function bionic: the method is based on structural bionics, and realizes corresponding perception, movement and function by simulating the function of a learning animal. (3) The material is bionic: the bionic material is developed by simulating biological characteristics such as human skin and the like. (4) Mechanical bionics: bionics of human mechanics mainly studies static characteristics of human structures. (5) Controlling the bionics: there are three main categories, namely, advanced neuronal bionics, low-level neuronal bionics and evolutionary mechanisms.
At present, the bionic material is generally a non-metal oxide material, an organic high polymer material, and a fresh metal material applied to the bionic material. And the bionic metal material prepared by the existing method has the technical problems of large mass and difficult application, so that the development of the metal bionic material with the structure-function bionic integration has important significance on the basis of the existing bionics.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method of an ultra-light bionic metal material, aiming at solving the technical problems of large mass and difficult application of the bionic metal material prepared by the existing method.
A preparation method of an ultra-light bionic metal material specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, template preparation: preparing a photosensitive resin template with a bionic structure by adopting a 3D printing method;
secondly, template pretreatment: carrying out stress removal treatment, alkaline oil removal treatment, surface roughening treatment, sensitizing treatment, activating treatment, reducing treatment and weak corrosion treatment on the photosensitive resin template prepared in the first step;
thirdly, plating the template once: plating metal on the template integral structure pretreated in the step two;
fourthly, plating the template for the second time: deactivating the template treated in the step three, and plating metal on the outer surface of the template again;
fifthly, template removal: and (4) removing the template from the template treated in the step four to obtain the ultra-light bionic metal material, and finishing the method.
Further, the stress removing treatment in the second step is as follows: and cleaning the template for 30-40 min by adopting acetone.
Further, the alkaline degreasing treatment in the step two is as follows: mixing a 10g/L sodium hydroxide solution, a 3g/L sodium silicate solution, a 12g/L trisodium phosphate solution and an 8g/L sodium carbonate solution according to the volume ratio of 1: 1 to prepare a mixed solution, and then putting the template into the mixed solution for ultrasonic cleaning for 15-30 min.
Further, the surface roughening treatment in the second step is as follows: and (3) putting the template into a potassium permanganate solution with the temperature of 50 ℃ and the concentration of 400g/L for soaking for 20-30 min.
Further, the sensitization treatment in the step two is as follows: and (3) soaking the template in a stannous chloride solution with the concentration of 10g/L for 6-8 min at room temperature.
Further, the activation treatment in the step two is as follows: and (3) soaking the template in a palladium chloride solution with the concentration of 0.7g/L for 5-7 min at room temperature.
Further, the reduction treatment in the step two is as follows: and (3) soaking the template in a sodium hypophosphite solution with the concentration of 20g/L for 3-5 min at room temperature.
Further, the weak corrosion treatment in the second step is as follows: and (3) soaking the template in a 10% hydrochloric acid solution for 10s at room temperature.
Further, the metal plated in the third step and the fourth step is alloy or metal simple substance.
Furthermore, the plating process in the third step and the fourth step is chemical plating, electroplating, ion plating or evaporation plating.
Further, the deactivation treatment in the fourth step is as follows: the porous structure of the template is closed.
Further, the template removing treatment in the fifth step comprises the following steps:
heating the template to the ashing temperature of the photosensitive resin by using a high temperature furnace at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, carrying out high temperature firing, and keeping the temperature for 30 min;
or a reserved opening is formed at the top end of the template, and then the template is soaked in a sodium hydroxide solution with the temperature of 60 ℃ and the mass percentage of 12%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention mainly designs the ultra-light structural material which has a high compact structure outside and a porous structure inside and outside and is used for simulating the bone or bird wing cavity and the like. The design of the bionic material is a collaborative optimization design concept integrating material design, structural design and functional design. The material has incomparable advantages compared with the traditional material, such as high specific strength, large specific rigidity, strong designability and multifunction potential.
The bionic material prepared by the method has the specific strength (10-10) close to that of a metal material2MPa·g-1·cm3) Under the condition, the relative density of the material is greatly reduced, and the density is reduced to 10-2g/cm2. The combination of the structural changes of the inner part and the outer part is more stable, and the possibility of the occurrence of service fatigue at the combination part is greatly reduced; the bionic material prepared by the method has various internal structure choices, and can be a porous structure, a lattice structure, a micro lattice structure and the like. The inner layer and the outer layer adopted by the invention can be made of various alloys/metal simple substances or a plurality of layers of different alloys/metal simple substances, the thicknesses of different layers of alloys/metal simple substances can also have gradient change, and the adjustment of the material can be achieved by changing the formula of the plated metal simple substances/alloys. The preparation method is simple, easy to operate, safe, reliable, energy-saving, time-saving and environment-friendly. The method of the invention may also be used as an integrated preparation for the preparation of sandwich structures.
The super-light bionic metal material prepared by the method greatly reduces the relative density of the material while considering the specific strength, and greatly expands the application range of the material.
The invention is used for preparing the bionic material.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments listed below, and includes any combination of the specific embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows: the preparation method of the ultralight bionic metal material comprises the following steps:
firstly, template preparation: preparing a photosensitive resin template with a bionic structure by adopting a 3D printing method;
secondly, template pretreatment: carrying out stress removal treatment, alkaline oil removal treatment, surface roughening treatment, sensitizing treatment, activating treatment, reducing treatment and weak corrosion treatment on the photosensitive resin template prepared in the first step;
thirdly, plating the template once: plating metal on the template integral structure pretreated in the step two;
fourthly, plating the template for the second time: deactivating the template treated in the step three, and plating metal on the outer surface of the template again;
fifthly, template removal: and (4) removing the template from the template treated in the step four to obtain the ultra-light bionic metal material, and finishing the method.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: the stress removing treatment in the second step comprises the following steps: and cleaning the template for 30-40 min by adopting acetone. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the first or second embodiment in that: the alkaline oil removal treatment in the second step comprises the following steps: mixing a 10g/L sodium hydroxide solution, a 3g/L sodium silicate solution, a 12g/L trisodium phosphate solution and an 8g/L sodium carbonate solution according to the volume ratio of 1: 1 to prepare a mixed solution, and then putting the template into the mixed solution for ultrasonic cleaning for 15-30 min. The other is the same as in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment mode and one of the first to third embodiment modes is: the surface roughening treatment in the second step comprises the following steps: and (3) putting the template into a potassium permanganate solution with the temperature of 50 ℃ and the concentration of 400g/L for soaking for 20-30 min. The others are the same as in one of the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fourth embodiments is: the sensitization treatment in the second step comprises the following steps: and (3) soaking the template in a stannous chloride solution with the concentration of 10g/L for 6-8 min at room temperature. The other is the same as one of the first to fourth embodiments.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fifth embodiments is: the activation treatment in the second step comprises the following steps: and (3) soaking the template in a palladium chloride solution with the concentration of 0.7g/L for 5-7 min at room temperature. The other is the same as one of the first to fifth embodiments.
The seventh embodiment: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to sixth embodiments is: the reduction treatment in the second step is as follows: and (3) soaking the template in a sodium hypophosphite solution with the concentration of 20g/L for 3-5 min at room temperature. The other is the same as one of the first to sixth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to seventh embodiments in that: and in the second step, the weak corrosion treatment comprises the following steps: and (3) soaking the template in a 10% hydrochloric acid solution for 10s at room temperature. The other is the same as one of the first to seventh embodiments.
The specific implementation method nine: the present embodiment differs from the first to eighth embodiments in that: the metal plated in the third step and the fourth step is alloy or metal simple substance. The rest is the same as the first to eighth embodiments.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to ninth embodiments in that: and the plating process in the third step and the fourth step is chemical plating, electroplating, ion plating or evaporation plating. The other is the same as one of the first to ninth embodiments.
The concrete implementation mode eleven: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to tenth embodiments in that: the deactivation treatment in the fourth step comprises the following steps: the porous structure of the template is closed. The rest is the same as one of the first to tenth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode twelve: this embodiment is different from one of the first to eleventh embodiments in that: the template removing treatment in the fifth step comprises the following steps:
heating the template to the ashing temperature of the photosensitive resin by using a high temperature furnace at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, carrying out high temperature firing, and keeping the temperature for 30 min;
or a reserved opening is formed at the top end of the template, and then the template is soaked in a sodium hydroxide solution with the temperature of 60 ℃ and the mass percentage of 12%. The rest is the same as in one of the first to eleventh embodiments.
The following examples were used to demonstrate the beneficial effects of the present invention:
the first embodiment is as follows:
the preparation method of the ultralight bionic metal material is specifically carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, template preparation: preparing a 405nm photosensitive resin template with a bionic structure by adopting a 3D printing method;
secondly, template pretreatment: carrying out stress removal treatment, alkaline oil removal treatment, surface roughening treatment, sensitizing treatment, activating treatment, reducing treatment and weak corrosion treatment on the photosensitive resin template prepared in the first step;
wherein, the stress removing treatment comprises the following steps: cleaning the template for 30min by using acetone;
the alkaline oil removal treatment comprises the following steps: mixing a 10g/L sodium hydroxide solution, a 3g/L sodium silicate solution, a 12g/L trisodium phosphate solution and an 8g/L sodium carbonate solution according to the volume ratio of 1: 1 to prepare a mixed solution, and then putting a template into the mixed solution for ultrasonic cleaning for 15 min;
the surface roughening treatment comprises the following steps: placing the template into a potassium permanganate solution with the temperature of 50 ℃ and the concentration of 400g/L for soaking for 20 min;
the sensitization treatment comprises the following steps: under the condition of room temperature, putting the template into a stannous chloride solution with the concentration of 10g/L for soaking for 7 min;
the activation treatment comprises the following steps: under the condition of room temperature, putting the template into a palladium chloride solution with the concentration of 0.7g/L for soaking for 6 min;
the reduction treatment comprises the following steps: soaking the template in a sodium hypophosphite solution with the concentration of 20g/L for 4min at room temperature;
the weak corrosion treatment comprises the following steps: under the condition of room temperature, placing the template into a hydrochloric acid solution with the mass percentage of 10% to be soaked for 10 s;
thirdly, plating the template once: carrying out chemical nickel plating on the template integral structure pretreated in the step two, wherein the thickness is 10 mu m;
fourthly, plating the template for the second time: sealing the porous structure of the template treated in the step three by using glycerol, and performing chemical nickel plating on the outer surface of the template again, wherein the thickness is 100 microns;
fifthly, template removal: removing the template from the template treated in the step four, adopting a high-temperature furnace, controlling the temperature rise speed to be 10 ℃/min, heating the template to 400 ℃, firing at high temperature, and keeping the temperature for 30 min; obtaining the ultra-light bionic metal material and finishing the method.
The bionic material prepared by the embodiment has the specific strength (10-10) that the metal materials are close to each other2MPa·g-1·cm3) Under the condition, the relative density of the material is greatly reduced, and the density is reduced to 10-2g/cm2. The combination of the structural changes of the inner part and the outer part is more stable, and the possibility of the occurrence of service fatigue at the combination part is greatly reduced; the bionic material prepared by the method has various internal structure choices, and can be a porous structure, a lattice structure, a micro lattice structure and the like.
The inner layer and the outer layer adopted by the invention can be made of various alloys/metal simple substances or a plurality of layers of different alloys/metal simple substances, the thicknesses of different layers of alloys/metal simple substances can also have gradient change, and the adjustment of the material can be achieved by changing the formula of the plated metal simple substances/alloys. The preparation method is simple, easy to operate, safe, reliable, energy-saving, time-saving and environment-friendly. The method of the invention may also be used as an integrated preparation for the preparation of sandwich structures.

Claims (9)

1. A preparation method of an ultralight bionic metal material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, template preparation: preparing a photosensitive resin template with a bionic structure by adopting a 3D printing method;
secondly, template pretreatment: carrying out stress removal treatment, alkaline oil removal treatment, surface roughening treatment, sensitizing treatment, activating treatment, reducing treatment and weak corrosion treatment on the photosensitive resin template prepared in the first step;
thirdly, plating the template once: plating metal on the template integral structure pretreated in the step two;
fourthly, plating the template for the second time: deactivating the template treated in the step three, and plating metal on the outer surface of the template again;
fifthly, template removal: removing the template from the template treated in the step four to obtain the ultra-light bionic metal material, and finishing the method; the ultra-light bionic metal material is a bionic bone or a bird wing cavity;
the deactivation treatment in the fourth step comprises the following steps: the porous structure of the template is closed.
2. The method for preparing an ultra-light bionic metal material according to claim 1, wherein the stress removing treatment in the second step is as follows: and cleaning the template for 30-40 min by adopting acetone.
3. The method for preparing an ultra-light bionic metal material according to claim 1, characterized in that the alkaline degreasing treatment in the second step is as follows: mixing a 10g/L sodium hydroxide solution, a 3g/L sodium silicate solution, a 12g/L trisodium phosphate solution and an 8g/L sodium carbonate solution according to the volume ratio of 1: 1 to prepare a mixed solution, and then putting the template into the mixed solution for ultrasonic cleaning for 15-30 min.
4. The method for preparing an ultra-light bionic metal material according to claim 1, wherein the surface roughening treatment in the second step is as follows: and (3) putting the template into a potassium permanganate solution with the temperature of 50 ℃ and the concentration of 400g/L for soaking for 20-30 min.
5. The method for preparing the ultra-light bionic metal material according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensitization treatment in the second step is as follows: under the condition of room temperature, putting the template into a stannous chloride solution with the concentration of 10g/L to be soaked for 6-8 min;
the activation treatment comprises the following steps: and (3) soaking the template in a palladium chloride solution with the concentration of 0.7g/L for 5-7 min at room temperature.
6. The method for preparing an ultra-light bionic metal material according to claim 1, wherein the reduction treatment in the second step is: under the condition of room temperature, putting the template into a sodium hypophosphite solution with the concentration of 20g/L to soak for 3-5 min;
and in the second step, the weak corrosion treatment comprises the following steps: and (3) soaking the template in a 10% hydrochloric acid solution for 10s at room temperature.
7. The method for preparing an ultra-light bionic metal material according to claim 1, wherein the metal plated in the third step and the fourth step is an alloy or a simple metal.
8. The method for preparing an ultra-light bionic metal material according to claim 1, wherein the plating process in the third step and the fourth step is chemical plating, electroplating, ion plating or evaporation plating.
9. The method for preparing an ultra-light bionic metal material according to claim 1, wherein the template removing treatment in the fifth step is as follows:
heating the template to the ashing temperature of the photosensitive resin by using a high temperature furnace at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, carrying out high temperature firing, and keeping the temperature for 30 min;
or a reserved opening is formed at the top end of the template, and then the template is soaked in a sodium hydroxide solution with the temperature of 60 ℃ and the mass percentage of 12%.
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