CN106503311A - Preparation method of the earth background electromagnetism contracting based on bio-based materials than material - Google Patents
Preparation method of the earth background electromagnetism contracting based on bio-based materials than material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of earth background electromagnetism based on bio-based materials contracts than the preparation method of material, electromagnetism contracting includes than the preparation method of material：The first step, obtains relative complex dielectric constant of the earth background material under different wave frequencies and relative complex permeability；Second step, using the inverse process of transmission coefficient method, calculates the reflection coefficient under earth background material different-thickness；3rd step, sets up the electromagnetic parameter storehouse of bio-based electromagnetic particle；And the 4th step, by electromagnetic parameter storehouse and scale factor, adding proportion of the electromagnetism contracting than the thickness and bio-based electromagnetic particle of material is obtained, prepare electromagnetism contracting and compare material.Wherein, bio-based electromagnetic particle is prepared using compound bio restriction molding technique.The preparation method degree of accuracy of the present invention is high, and efficiently, and the bio-based electromagnetic particle that the present invention is adopted coats high magnetic material preparation by biological particle to preparation method, with low-density and the characteristics of advantage profile, with good electromagnetic parameter designability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation of the electromagnetism contracting of labyrinth than material, and in particular to a kind of based on bio-based materials
Earth background electromagnetism contracting ratio preparation method, be suitable for the contracting of various the army and the people's targets than test.
Background technology
At present, the analysis method of the Electromagnetic Scattering Characteristics of target mainly include scaling calculation with test and full size calculate and
Two kinds of test, is the RCS (RCS) for accurately obtaining prototype target, scale model and the electric chi of prototype target needs holding
Very little constant rate, it is often more important that ensure that their Electromagnetic Scatterings are identical.
In modernization military system, composite, such as carbon fiber skin, surface in aircraft, is used to inhale ripple and apply in a large number
Layer, leading edge absorbent structure, honeycomb texture, multiple structure etc. so that passing simple metal or nonmetallic contracting are than material very
Difficulty meets the test of scale model and calculating demand.Earth background material is used as the special composite of a class, its electromagnetic property
The impact of environmental factorss (humidity, thickness, SOIL DISTRIBUTION etc.) is easily subject to.In electromagnetism scaling measurement, build and contracting is met than closing
The model of system is crucial, and the existing scaling measurement overwhelming majority is towards all-metal target, for the mesh with composite
Mark model is also less.This electromagnetic parameter for being primarily due to material generally has dispersion characteristics (Frequency in frequency range
Dependent Characteristics) so that the electromagnetic parameter of material is at contracting is than test frequency and life size test frequency
It is difficult to be consistent, needs to redesign scale model material, this becomes the key of electromagnetism scaling measurement.
At present, carry out contracting than design with the method for manufacture also than relatively limited, such as patent for nonmetallic materials
CN103342167A proposes a kind of manufacture method of the scale model of wing composite, according to real aircraft design size,
Contracting has manufactured the similar mould of model geometric profile than coefficient and the performance parameter of composite, selects appropriate material parameter
And working process parameter, the composite scale model of aircraft wing is manufactured, including spar and rib, connects bone using metal ribs
Frame, the contracting are designed only for the mechanical property of material than material and manufacture, for follow-up Electromagnetic Scattering Characteristics test also
Need to carry out subsequent treatment, design can be caused complicated；Patent CN104407331A proposes a kind of scaled model lake of ship RCS
Face test method and system, wherein method are comprised the following steps, under inland lake aquatic environment, to the testee ship of the water surface
Scaled model launches a series of narrow-band impulse clusters, gathers the echo-signal of ship scaled model, and then realizes the electricity of scale model
Magnetic scattering characteristic, the test method only to target ship carried out contracting ratio, for background material preparation and design consideration compared with
Few, background environment remains as the lake surface of original size, than in is also not directed to lake surface surface topography, the such as impact of wave etc. in contracting；
Patent CN105224762A proposes a kind of contracting based on electromagnetic parameter optimization design than composite compound method, design process
Including four steps, calculate the reflection coefficient of original material, electromagnetic parameter testing carried out to mixing material, according to contracting than require into
The electromagnetic parameter testing of the mixing material of row different ratio, enters her and sets up the electromagnetic parameter storehouse of the different ratio of mixing material,
Finally to electromagnetic parameter optimization, the reflection coefficient according to original frequency range material is optimized design to mixing material, the patent institute
Mainly based on film type coating material, material bottom layer must include metal substrate to the method for proposition, for the electromagnetism of big thickness
Material is not directed to, while the method is not deeply referred to for the type etc. of mixing material.Document " Liu Tiejun, Zhang Xiangyang. have
Law of similitude research [J] of consumption Electromagnetic Scattering of Target scaling measurement. electronic letters, vol, 1992,12:12-19 " is for lossy target contracting ratio
Model gives three similar laws, coats metal ball using electromagnetic medium, three law of similitudes is verified, is as a result shown
Second, third law of similitude is applicable to full frequency band, and mapping fault is less than ldB, for research of the contracting than material property is not also goed deep into
Launch research.Document " Sun Qin, Tian Wei. Large Aircraft Structure is stealthy scale model Calculation and Study [C]. China Aviation association 2007
Dielectric, for dielectric aerofoil profile, is equivalent to force an equiva lent impedance in shape by year Annual Conference .0701-03-029. "
Value, being calculated, the change however as impedance is big for application impedance boundary condition, calculated initial model RCS values and original
Beginning model compares, and its relative error is still increasing, for background material is not directed to.Document " Li Jialiang, Gu Jun, king
Dawn ice. cement flooring electromagnetism contracts than Testing Technology Study [J]. guidance and fuse .2009,30 (2):57-60. " utilize composite wood
Material constructing technology, has made cement flooring analog sample block, the nonmetallic contracting of preliminary identification after testing to its electromagnetic scattering
Than principle, this provides new approach for carrying out Target near field Electromagnetic Scattering Characteristics research in earth background, but this kind of material
Dielectric type low-loss material is limited only to, for the high loss cement flooring of moist class does not deeply consider.
In a word, research of the electromagnetism contracting than material compound method has been carried out at present, for nonmagnetic nonmetallic materials, this
The method for designing than material that contracts needs the dielectric constant and pcrmeability of strict control of material, and adopt during designing material formula
Formula is general equivalent medium theory formula, and for reaching the electromagnetic parameter of setting, the ratio and material thickness of filling microgranule are needed
Strictly to control, be to adapt to that the lower contracting of point frequency is harsher than test request, realize high accuracy contract than when difficulty can be bigger.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the earth background electromagnetism based on bio-based materials contracts than the preparation method of material, the party
Method can overcome existing method design contracting harsher than test request, it is difficult to realize the problem of high accuracy contracting ratio, by biological constraints
Molding prepares electromagnetic particle, using electromagnetic parameter approach method, electromagnetic parameter rule of three or reflection coefficient coefficient employing, and utilizes
Electromagnetic particle prepares contracting than electromagnetism contracting than material, and degree of accuracy is high, and preparation method is efficient.
In order to achieve the above object, the invention provides the earth background electromagnetism based on bio-based materials contracts than the system of material
Preparation Method, the electromagnetism contracting include than the preparation method of material：
The first step, gathers ground background material, carries out earth background electromagnetic parameter testing, obtains earth background material not
With the relative complex dielectric constant under wave frequency and relative complex permeability；
Second step, the wave frequency of fixed bottom boundary background material choose the different-thickness of earth background material, using biography
The inverse process of defeated Y-factor method Y, calculates the reflection coefficient under earth background material different-thickness；
3rd step, the electromagnetic parameter with the bio-based electromagnetic particle of different component expand each as element using interpolation method
Electromagnetic parameter under adding proportion, sets up the electromagnetic parameter storehouse of bio-based electromagnetic particle；And
4th step, by electromagnetic parameter storehouse and scale factor, using electromagnetic parameter approach method, electromagnetic parameter rule of three or anti-
Any one method that penetrates in coefficient approximation method obtains adding proportion of the electromagnetism contracting than the thickness and bio-based electromagnetic particle of material,
Prepare electromagnetism contracting and compare material.
Wherein, described bio-based electromagnetic particle is prepared using compound bio restriction molding technique.
In the described first step, earth background electromagnetic parameter testing is prepared into standard coaxial sample by gathering earth material
Part, is tested using vector network analyzer, obtains the relative complex dielectric constant and relative complex permeability of earth background.
In described second step, the reflection coefficient calculating of earth background is as follows：
By relative complex dielectric constant and relative complex permeability, calculated using formula (1) and (2), obtain earth background
Natural impedance Z and propagation constant γ of material.
In formula (1), εeffIt is relative complex dielectric constant, in formula (2), μeffIt is relative complex permeability；Formula (1) and formula
(2) in, γ be propagation constant of the electromagnetic wave in earth background material, Z for earth background material natural impedance, k0For electromagnetic wave
Wave number in a vacuum, k0Calculated using formula (3) and obtained；
k0=2 π f/c (3)
In formula (3), f is electromagnetic wave frequency in a vacuum, and c is electromagnetic wave spread speed in a vacuum；
Different earth background thickness are set, are calculated using formula (4) and formula (5), is obtained the earth background under fixed frequency
Reflection R；
In formula (4) and formula (5), j represents the imaginary part factor, j2=-1, R is reflection coefficient, and T is transmission coefficient, and d is the ground back of the body
The thickness of scape, γ are propagation constant of the electromagnetic wave in earth background material.
Described compound bio restriction molding technique is the composite molding that chemical plating process and gas-phase deposition combine
Technique；
Wherein, described chemical plating process refers to the surface that magnetically soft alloy is plated on biological particle, obtains electromagnetic particle；
Wherein, described gas-phase deposition refers to by vapour deposition in the high magnetic material of electromagnetic particle Surface coating.
Described magnetically soft alloy is CoNiP, and described biological particle is spirulina, spherical algae, any in piece diatom
One kind, described high magnetic material are Ni (CO)5Or Fe (CO)5.
Described chemical plating magnetically soft alloy is comprised the following steps that:
Step 1：Magnetically soft alloy plating solution and biological particle are fully warmed-up at 80 DEG C～90 DEG C respectively, reach internal temperature
80 DEG C～90 DEG C, adjustment pH is 8～10；
Step 2：Biological particle is added in the case where being stirred continuously in magnetically soft alloy plating solution, reaction is rapid after starting
It is placed in 70 DEG C～80 DEG C of environment, is stirred continuously to reaction completely, is formed particles coated；
Step 3：Cleaned to particles coated using dehydrated alcohol；
Step 4：In 120 DEG C～150 DEG C, heating, vacuum is dried, and takes out, obtain electromagnetic particle after 4～8 hours.
Described vapour deposition high magnetic material is comprised the following steps that：
Step 1：The temperature that high magnetic material is heated to above high magnetic material boiling point, enables the high magnetic material steam
Resolve into rapidly metallic particles and CO gases, the electromagnetic particle described in step 4 be placed in reaction intracavity, by reaction chamber temperature plus
Heat to 250 DEG C and ensures its temperature constant；
Step 2：Nitrogen is passed in reaction intracavity, by the metallic particles dispersed with stirring described in step 1, institute in step 4 is made
The electromagnetic particle surface depositing metal particles that states；
Step 3：After the completion of deposition process, continue logical nitrogen until being cooled to room temperature；
Step 4：The electromagnetic particle of the surface depositing metal particles that reaction is obtained is cleaned with dehydrated alcohol, after filtration
Dry, obtain bio-based electromagnetic particle.
Described electromagnetism contracting is that material is compared in the contracting of planar structure-type electromagnetism than material.
Wherein, described planar structure-type electromagnetism contracting is as follows than the concrete preparation process of material：
Step 1：Choose the mixture that sprayed on material is polyurethane and bio-based electromagnetic particle, bio-based electromagnetic particle flat
Piece footpath is 40 μm～200 μm, and the quality of polyurethane and bio-based electromagnetic particle is added than being 10%～45%；
Step 2：The quality for adding diluent and coupling agent, diluent and polyurethane is added than being 1：0.5～1：1.2, even
Connection agent is 1%～2% relative to the mass ratio of bio-based electromagnetic particle, above-mentioned sprayed on material is stirred, mix homogeneously；
Step 3：Add polyisocyanic acid acid esters or polyurethane curing agent in the mixing sprayed on material that step 2 is obtained, described
Polyisocyanic acid acid esters or the quality of polyurethane curing agent and polyurethane add than being 10%, be sprayed at by the way of spraying poly-
The thickness on the surface of ester film, wherein mylar is 0.08mm～0.1mm, and the thickness of coating spraying is 0.2mm～5mm, obtains
Compare material to electromagnetism contracting.
Described electromagnetism contracting is that material is compared in the contracting of curved-surface structure type electromagnetism than material.
Wherein, described curved-surface structure type electromagnetism contracting is as follows than the concrete preparation process of material：
Step 1：Thickness and size of the contracting than after are determined according to scale factor, force plate of the contracting than earth background is set up
Model, with thermoplastic PLA or nylon as printed material, carries out three-dimensionally shaped processing to formpiston Slab；
Step 2：The mixture that mould material is fluid silicone rubber and bio-based electromagnetic particle is chosen, fluid silicone rubber is determined
Add than being 0～60% with the quality of bio-based electromagnetic particle；
Step 3：Mould material is mixed, incorporation time is 20～30min, and mixing speed is 100～300r/min, mixes
Add silicone rubber firming agent after uniform, add than being 2～10% with the quality of silicone rubber, mixing speed is 200～300r/min,
Mixing time be 1～2min, mix homogeneously, obtain elastomeric compound；
Step 4：Elastomeric compound is cast in formpiston board mold, silicone rubber solidification is waited, then the demoulding deburring process, obtain
Obtain the contracting of curved-surface structure type electromagnetism and compare material.
The concrete quality of described fluid silicone rubber and bio-based electromagnetic particle is added than according to the 4th step employing
The density of method and fluid silicone rubber and bio-based electromagnetic particle determines.
The preparation method of the earth background electromagnetism contracting ratio based on bio-based materials that the present invention is provided, with advantages below：
The method of the present invention is using electromagnetic parameter approach method, electromagnetic parameter rule of three or reflection coefficient coefficient employing contracting ratio
Material, need not strictly control to the ratio and material thickness of filling microgranule, be easier to realize；Bio-based prepared by the present invention
Electromagnetic particle adopts biological particle, coats high magnetic material, with low-density and the characteristics of advantage profile, and has well
Electromagnetic parameter designability；Electromagnetism contracting prepared by the present invention is than material by filling the design for inhaling ripple layer using variable grain come real
Absorbent properties required for existing；Material prepared by the present invention is can be applicable in ground environment target of the electromagnetism contracting than test,
Can apply in the environment of sea, and in other testing backgrounds, but also have good antioxidation, corrosion-resistant, be manufactured into
This low advantage, is a kind of effective production process of electromagnetism contracting that realizes with application prospect than material.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the earth background electromagnetism contracting in the present invention using bio-based electromagnetic particle prepares schematic diagram than material.
Fig. 2 contracts than material preparation flow figure for earth background electromagnetism in the present invention.
Fig. 3 be in the present invention earth background at the 4GHz with thickness change reflection coefficient chart.
Fig. 4 is that (wherein a is for being situated between for the curve chart of the electromagnetic parameter of the bio-based electromagnetic particle of different adding proportions in the present invention
Electric constant real part, b are imaginary part of dielectric constant, and c is pcrmeability real part, and d is pcrmeability imaginary part).
Fig. 5 is that material is compared in the electromagnetism contracting that bio-based electromagnetic particle quality is added than being 26.68% and 31.06% in the present invention
With the reflection coefficient chart of thickness change, (wherein a is that quality is added than being that quality is added ratio and is for 26.68%, b at the 8GHz
31.06%).
Fig. 6 be in the present invention earth background at the 8GHz with thickness change reflection coefficient chart.
Fig. 7 is that the electromagnetism contracting that bio-based electromagnetic particle quality is added than being 37.9% and 28.8% in invention exists than material
At 16GHz with thickness change reflection coefficient chart (wherein a be quality add than for 37.9%, b be quality add ratio be
28.8%).
Specific embodiment
Technical scheme is described further below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
As shown in Fig. 2 preparation side of earth background electromagnetism contracting of the present invention for offer based on bio-based materials than material
Method, the electromagnetism contracting include than the preparation method of material：
The first step, gathers ground background material, carries out earth background electromagnetic parameter testing, obtains earth background material not
With the relative complex dielectric constant under wave frequency and relative complex permeability；
Second step, the wave frequency of fixed bottom boundary background material choose the different-thickness of earth background material, using biography
The inverse process of defeated Y-factor method Y, calculates the reflection coefficient under earth background material different-thickness；
3rd step, the electromagnetic parameter with the bio-based electromagnetic particle of different component expand each as element using interpolation method
Electromagnetic parameter under adding proportion, sets up the electromagnetic parameter storehouse of bio-based electromagnetic particle；
4th step, by electromagnetic parameter storehouse and scale factor, using electromagnetic parameter approach method, electromagnetic parameter rule of three or anti-
Any one method that penetrates in coefficient approximation method obtains adding proportion of the electromagnetism contracting than the thickness and bio-based electromagnetic particle of material,
Prepare electromagnetism contracting and compare material.
Wherein, bio-based electromagnetic particle is prepared using compound bio restriction molding technique.
Embodiment 1
1st, earth background material electromagnetic parameter test
The representative earth background material of collection, is prepared into standard coaxial exemplar, and internal diameter is 3mm, and external diameter is 7mm,
Thickness is 2mm, is tested using vector network analyzer, and the method for testing that takes is the transmission reflection system that coaxial sample is standard component
Number method, obtains the relative complex dielectric constant and relative complex permeability of earth background material.
Transmission reflectance of the coaxial sample for standard component, specific as follows：
According to test material reflection coefficient and transmission coefficient, using the transmission matrix equation of multilayer material：
In formula 6, R is reflection coefficient, and T is transmission coefficient, γiFor electromagnetic wave i layer materials propagation constant,niFor the refractive index of i layer materials, k0For electromagnetic wave wave number in a vacuum, k0Adopt
Calculated with formula (3),
k0=2 π f/c (3),
In formula (3), f is electromagnetic wave frequency in a vacuum, and c is electromagnetic wave spread speed in a vacuum.
When material is monolayer, i.e. i=1 has γi=γ, γ are propagation constant of the electromagnetic wave in earth background material,
Now
In formula 7 and formula 8, Z be electromagnetic wave in the natural impedance (normalized value) of earth background material, can be obtained by above-mentioned formula
Arrive：
In formula (9), j represents the imaginary part factor, j2=-1, d is the thickness of earth background, can obtain：
So it is obtained：
In formula (1), εeffIt is relative complex dielectric constant, in formula (2), μeffIt is relative complex permeability.4GHz is such as selected
The electromagnetic parameter at place, relative dielectric constant are 14, and relative dielectric constant imaginary part is 7, are 1 with respect to complex permeability.
2nd, earth background thickness and reflection coefficient assessment
As shown in figure 3, when electromagnetic parameter is 4GHz, using the inverse process of transmission reflectance, by plural number relatively
Dielectric constant and relative complex permeability, calculate the reflection coefficient under earth background different-thickness, and calculating process is as follows：
In formula (1), εeffIt is relative complex dielectric constant, in formula (2), μeffIt is relative complex permeability；Formula (1) and formula
(2) in, γ be propagation constant of the electromagnetic wave in earth background material, Z for earth background material natural impedance, k0For electromagnetic wave
Wave number in a vacuum, k0Calculated using formula (3) and obtained,
k0=2 π f/c (3)
In formula (3), f is electromagnetic wave frequency in a vacuum, and c is electromagnetic wave spread speed in a vacuum.
Different earth background thickness are set, are calculated using formula (4) and formula (5), is obtained the earth background under fixed frequency
Reflection R；
In formula (4) and formula (5), R is reflection coefficient, and T is transmission coefficient, and thickness of the d for earth background, γ exist for electromagnetic wave
Propagation constant in earth background material.
As can be seen that the reflection coefficient of earth background is obvious as the change of thickness changes in the range of 0～35mm,
Gradually tend to fixed value more than 35mm thickness, therefore can choose the earth background for thickness being set as more than 40mm, reflection system
Number is -4.37dB.
3rd, the electromagnetic parameter storehouse of bio-based electromagnetic particle
The bio-based electromagnetic particle that different proportion is prepared using compound bio restriction molding technique, compound bio constraint technique
The preparation of high-performance absorbent can not only be realized, while also ensure that the manufacture efficiency in preparation process.Using chemical plating
The compound bio restriction molding technique that technique and gas-phase deposition combine, the biological template that can allow of chemical plating process have
Certain electromagnetic performance, while ensure that formwork structure possesses certain intensity and heat resistance, to ensure subsequent bio constraint work
Artistic skill enough realizes the cladding of high-performance material (carbonyl iron, Nickel tetracarbonyl. etc.).
The foundation in electromagnetic parameter storehouse with the electromagnetic parameter of the bio-based electromagnetic particle of different adding proportions as element, using insert
The electromagnetic parameter that value method expands under each adding proportion, quality add than being 0%～60%, obtain the electricity of bio-based electromagnetic particle
Magnetic parameter storehouse.As shown in figure 4, electromagnetic parameter storehouse can obtain the real part of permittivity of bio-based electromagnetic particle under different electromagnetic parameters
(see a of Fig. 4), imaginary part of dielectric constant (see the b of Fig. 4), pcrmeability real part (see the c of Fig. 4) and pcrmeability imaginary part (see the d of Fig. 4)
Data and curve chart.
Preparing for bio-based electromagnetic particle is specific as follows：
(1) electroless cobalt plating NiP
Chemical plating process mainly includes 3 steps：Activation, dispergation and chemical plating, magnetic coating select magnetic metal, such as
CoNiP, NiP or Cu etc..
Electroless cobalt plating NiP is comprised the following steps that：
First, CoNiP plating solutions and kieselguhr are fully warmed-up in 80 DEG C～90 DEG C water-baths respectively, reach internal temperature
To 80 DEG C～90 DEG C, the NaOH solution of 20g/L is adopted to be adjusted pH for 8～10.
Secondly, kieselguhr is added in the case where being stirred continuously in CoNiP plating solutions, reaction is put into rapidly 70 after starting
DEG C～80 DEG C of water-baths in, be stirred continuously to reaction completely, formed particles coated.
Then, cleaned to particles coated using dehydrated alcohol.
Finally, 120 DEG C～150 DEG C heat dryings in vacuum drying oven, take out after 4～8 hours, obtain electromagnetic particle.
The biological template that can activate of chemical plating process has certain electromagnetic performance, while ensureing that formwork structure possesses one
Fixed intensity and heat resistance, to ensure that subsequent bio constraint technique can be realized to high-performance material, such as carbonyl iron, Nickel tetracarbonyl.
Deng being coated.
(2) vapour deposition cladding Fe materials
The main mesh of gas-phase deposition be high magnetic material (carbonyl iron, Nickel tetracarbonyl. etc.) be coated on electromagnetic particle it
On, more excellent the to obtain performance bio-based electromagnetic particle.
Vapour deposition coats comprising the following steps that for Fe materials：
First, it is considered to which metal carbonyl vapor reaction is violent, by Fe (CO)5Steam is heated to 90 DEG C, and this temperature exceedes steam
Boiling point, enable the steam to resolve into rapidly metallic particles and CO gases.Electromagnetic particle is placed in reaction intracavity, reaction chamber interior temperature
Degree is heated to 250 DEG C and ensures its temperature constant.
Secondly, the metallic particles oxidation that nitrogen prevents from coating is passed in reaction intracavity, make metallic particles with stirring paddle stirring
Dispersion, rate of dispersion is 30r/min.
Then, continue logical nitrogen after the completion of deposition process until being cooled to room temperature.
Finally, the electromagnetic particle of the coating metal particles for reaction being obtained is cleaned with dehydrated alcohol, is put into after filtration
Dry in drying baker, obtain bio-based electromagnetic particle.
4th, Electromagnetic Design of the electromagnetism contracting than material
Electromagnetism contracting mainly has three kinds than the method for material Electromagnetic Design：(1) according to the electromagnetic parameter in electromagnetic parameter storehouse and
Choosing the electromagnetic parameter contracted than material, the such as thickness of earth background less, can not adopt electricity to the architectural feature under same piece
Magnetic parameter approach method chooses suitable electromagnetic parameter, and electromagnetic parameter approach method is mainly based upon electromagnetic parameter and earth background electromagnetism
The principle that parameter is close to, interpolation calculation go out the component of material, if according to scale factor, feasible can determine that contracting is thicker than material
Degree；(2) under normal circumstances, it is inconvenient that find with the material consistent with prototype earth background electromagnetic parameter, because
This can consider electromagnetic parameter rule of three, the earth background material that the method is directed to be thickness than relatively thin situation, it is only necessary to select
The contracting of same thickness is taken than material, keep electromagnetism contracting than material electromagnetic parameter for leiomyoma cells multiple, the multiple is contracting ratio
The inverse of the factor；(3) if the thickness of prototype earth material is larger, suitable biology is still difficult to find that using first two method
The formula of base electromagnetic particle, can approach mode with selection reflection coefficient to construct earth background contracting than material, and the method is maintained
The consistent requirement of the reflection characteristic of material, can also be applied to the construction contracted than material as a rule.
Electromagnetism contracting is more specific as follows than material Electromagnetic Desigu Method：
As shown in figure 4, it is 1 to choose scale factor：2, that is, choose the electromagnetism of the different proportion bio-based electromagnetic particle of 8GHz
Parameter, it can be seen that bioelectromagnetics microgranule is close to 1 in the complex permeability of the frequency, and dielectric constant is in 40wt% and 50wt%
Quality is added than under, and real part of permittivity is respectively 19.49 and 23.698 (see a of Fig. 4), and imaginary part of dielectric constant is respectively 3.94
With 7.71 (see the b of Fig. 4), through calculating can obtain corresponding real part of permittivity for 14 when, quality of materials add ratio be
26.68wt%, now the imaginary part of dielectric constant of material is 2.63.
Now, material reflection coefficient curve of the corresponding electromagnetism contracting than material under different-thickness be as shown in a of Fig. 5, can be with
The reflection coefficient of material is found out as the increase of thickness still can tend to fixed value, reflection coefficient is -4.69dB, and this is due to material
The imaginary part of dielectric constant of material is too small caused, it can be seen that now selection electromagnetic parameter approximatioss deviation is larger, is not appropriate for.
If adopting electromagnetic parameter ratio selection method, it can be seen that dielectric when quality is added than being 40wt% and 50wt%
Loss tangent value, i.e. imaginary part of dielectric constant/real part of permittivity, respectively 3.94/19.49 and 7.71/23.698, two values are little
In the dielectric loss tangent value of ground environment, now it is not easy to carry out electromagnetic parameter ratio selection.
Being considered as reflection coefficient approximatioss carries out interpolation calculation, enters row interpolation using the electromagnetic parameter in electromagnetic parameter storehouse
Calculate and select, then by screening, it can be seen that when selection dielectric constant is 16 and 3.10, quality is added than being 31.06wt%,
Contracting now than material reflection coefficient with thickness change curve as shown in the b of Fig. 5, it can be seen that material is compared in the contracting of electromagnetism now
Reflection coefficient with the increase of thickness, the value that tends towards stability -4.36dB, the reflection coefficient with the reality of prototype earth background material
Less than 0.2%, in can be used for earth background contracting than material, thickness chooses more than 40mm to difference ratio.
5th, contracting is prepared than material
As the thickness of material is larger, 40mm is reached, therefore is regarded as curved-surface structure type electromagnetic material, using three-dimensionally shaped
Technology is prepared, and three-dimensionally shaped technique contracts than the force plate of electromagnetic material, in formpiston plate surface needed for directly can preparing
The scale model with ground analog structure can be obtained through moulding by casting.Curved-surface structure type electromagnetism contracts than material concrete steps
As follows：
First, the three-dimensional digital model of curved surface earth background is set up, thickness dough-making powder of the contracting than after is determined according to scale factor
Product size, sets up the earth background model for reducing, and sets up the formpiston Slab contracted than earth background.
Secondly, using the thermoplastic such as PLA (polylactic acid) or nylon as printed material, three-dimensional is carried out to formpiston Slab
Processing and forming.Three-dimensionally shaped processing is comprised the following steps that：
Step 1：Cleaning print platform, surface-coated print glue (preferably cyanacrylate), coating number of times be 2～
4 times, coating thickness is 0.1～0.3mm (preferably 0.1mm)；
Step 2：Select to print wire rod, gauge or diameter of wire is 1.75～3mm (preferably 1.75mm), arranges print parameters, in addition
For accelerating the fast setting of three-dimensionally shaped micropowder by the way of working face heating, heating-up temperature is 60～80 DEG C (preferably 60
℃).
Step 3：Printed, printing type is printed for continuous way, printhead distance prints the distance of exemplar and is maintained at
0.05～0.1mm (preferably 0.05mm), a diameter of 0.4～0.8mm (preferably 0.4mm) of printhead, so can achieve ground
Background electromagnetic contracts than force plate manufacture (thickness preferred 40mm) of material.
Finally, using the force plate contracting that makes than mould, ground reduction of area is prepared by the way of cast and compares material.Pourer
Skill is comprised the following steps that：
Step 1：Choose mould material and determine concrete adding proportion.Mould material is fluid silicone rubber and bio-based electromagnetism
The mixture of microgranule, quality add than being 0～60% (preferably 31.06%).Adding proportion occurrence is according to aforementioned electromagnetic parameter
The ratio of design is selected, and the density according to fluid silicone rubber and bio-based electromagnetic particle determines that quality adds ratio；
Step 2：The mould material of above-mentioned selection being mixed, alr mode is mechanical agitation, incorporation time is 20～
30min (preferably 20min), mixing speed are 100～300r/min (preferably 100r/min), add silicone rubber solid after mix homogeneously
Agent, 2～10% (preferably 5%) of the adding proportion for silicone rubber quality, mixing speed are 200～300r/min (preferably 200r/
Min), mixing time be 1～2min (preferably 2min), mix homogeneously, obtain elastomeric compound；
Step 3：Elastomeric compound is cast in formpiston board mold, silicone rubber solidification is waited, then the demoulding deburring process, can
Prepare the earth background contracting with curve form as shown in Figure 1 and compare material.
Embodiment 2
1st, earth background material electromagnetic parameter test
The representative earth material of collection, is prepared into standard coaxial exemplar, and internal diameter is 3mm, and external diameter is 7mm, thickness
For 2mm, tested using vector network analyzer, obtain relative complex dielectric constant and relative complex permeability.8GHz is such as selected
The electromagnetic parameter at place, relative dielectric constant are 16, and relative dielectric constant imaginary part is 10, are 1 with respect to complex permeability.
2nd, earth background thickness and reflection coefficient assessment
As shown in fig. 6, when electromagnetic parameter is 8GHz, using the inverse process of transmission reflectance, by plural number relatively
Dielectric constant and relative complex permeability, calculate the reflection coefficient under earth background different-thickness.As can be seen that earth background
Reflection coefficient is obvious as the change of thickness changes in the range of 0～20mm, more than 20mm thickness gradually tends to fixed
Value, reflection coefficient are -3.89dB.
3rd, the electromagnetic parameter storehouse of bio-based electromagnetic particle
The bio-based electromagnetic particle that different proportion is prepared using compound bio restriction molding technique, sets up bio-based electromagnetism micro-
The electromagnetic parameter storehouse of grain, as shown in figure 4, obtain the dielectric of bio-based electromagnetic particle under different electromagnetic parameters by electromagnetic parameter storehouse
Constant real part (see a of Fig. 4), imaginary part of dielectric constant (see the b of Fig. 4), pcrmeability real part (see the c of Fig. 4) and pcrmeability imaginary part (see
The d of Fig. 4) data and curve chart.
Preparing for bio-based electromagnetic particle is specific as follows：
(1) electroless cobalt plating NiP
First, CoNiP plating solutions and kieselguhr are fully warmed-up in 80 DEG C～90 DEG C water-baths respectively, reach internal temperature
To 80 DEG C～90 DEG C, the NaOH solution of 20g/L is adopted to be adjusted pH for 8～10.
Secondly, kieselguhr is added in the case where being stirred continuously in CoNiP plating solutions, reaction is put into rapidly 70 after starting
DEG C～80 DEG C of water-baths in, be stirred continuously to reaction completely, formed particles coated.
Then, cleaned to particles coated using dehydrated alcohol.
Finally, 120 DEG C～150 DEG C heat dryings in vacuum drying oven, took out after 4～8 hours, obtained electromagnetic particle.
The biological template that can activate of chemical plating process has certain electromagnetic performance, while ensureing that formwork structure possesses one
Fixed intensity and heat resistance, to ensure that subsequent bio constraint technique can be realized to high-performance material, such as carbonyl iron, Nickel tetracarbonyl.
Deng being coated.
(2) vapour deposition cladding Fe materials
First, it is considered to which metal carbonyl vapor reaction is violent, by Fe (CO)5Steam is heated to 90 DEG C, and this temperature exceedes steam
Boiling point, enable the steam to resolve into rapidly metallic particles and CO gases.Electromagnetic particle is placed in reaction intracavity, by reaction chamber temperature
Degree is heated to 250 DEG C and ensures its temperature constant.
Secondly, the metallic particles oxidation that nitrogen prevents from coating is passed in reaction intracavity, metallic particles is stirred with stirring paddle
Dispersion, rate of dispersion is 30r/min.
Then, continue logical nitrogen after the completion of deposition process until being cooled to room temperature.
Finally, the electromagnetic particle of the coating metal particles for reaction being obtained is cleaned with dehydrated alcohol, is put into after filtration
Dry in drying baker, obtain bio-based electromagnetic particle.
4th, electromagnetism contracts than material Electromagnetic Design
According to the electromagnetic parameter storehouse of the bio-based electromagnetic particle that sets up, it is 1 to choose scale factor：2, that is, choose 16GHz's
The electromagnetic parameter of different proportion bio-based electromagnetic particle.Bio-based electromagnetic particle is not 1 in the complex permeability of the frequency, such as
The a and b of Fig. 4 dielectric constant respectively 0.8+j0.41 and 0.86+j0.43 under 40wt% and 50wt% ratios, and dielectric constant
Real part is respectively 16.74 and 17.72, and imaginary part of dielectric constant is respectively 16.69 and 17.87.Corresponding Jie can be obtained through calculating
When electric constant real part is 16, material adding proportion is 37.9wt%, and now the imaginary part of material is 15.8, and pcrmeability is 0.81+
j0.39.
As shown in a of Fig. 7, now the material reflection coefficient curve from corresponding contracting than material under different-thickness can
Go out, the reflection coefficient of material still can tend to fixed value with the increase of thickness, reflection coefficient stationary value is -3.72dB, and this is
Caused by being unsatisfactory for requiring due to the pcrmeability and dielectric constant of material, it can be seen that now choose electromagnetic parameter approximatioss inclined
Difference is larger, is not appropriate for.
If adopting electromagnetic parameter ratio selection method, it can be seen that dielectric loss tangent value when 40wt% and 50wt%
Respectively close to 1, magnetic loss tangent value is not 0, and two values are all higher than the dielectric loss tangent value of ground environment, now also inconvenience
In carrying out electromagnetic parameter ratio selection.
Being considered as reflection coefficient approximatioss carries out interpolation calculation, enters row interpolation using the electromagnetic parameter in electromagnetic parameter storehouse
Calculate and select, then by screening, it can be seen that when selection dielectric constant is 12.9-j12.02, when pcrmeability is 0.86+j0.30,
Quality is added than being 28.8wt%.As shown in the b of Fig. 7, now bent with the change of thickness than the reflection coefficient of material from electromagnetism contracting
Line can be seen that now electromagnetism contracting than material reflection coefficient with the increase of thickness, the value that tends towards stability -3.90dB, with original
The reality of type earth background material reflection coefficient difference ratio less than 1%, can with earth background contracting than material in, thickness
Choose more than 5mm.
5th, electromagnetism contracting is prepared than material
Due to the thickness less of material, only 5mm, therefore planar structure-type electromagnetic material is regarded as, rolled by spraying
The mode of pressure is prepared.The contracting of planar structure-type electromagnetism is comprised the following steps that than material：
Step 1：Choose sprayed on material and determine adding proportion.Sprayed on material is the mixed of polyurethane and bio-based electromagnetic particle
Compound, the average piece footpath of bio-based electromagnetic particle is 40 μm～200 μm, and the quality of polyurethane and bio-based electromagnetic particle adds ratio
For 10%～45% (preferably 28.8%), adding proportion occurrence is selected according to the ratio of aforementioned electromagnetic parameter designing, according to poly-
The density of urethane and bio-based electromagnetic particle can determine that mass ratio.
Step 2：Add diluent (preferably acetone, dehydrated alcohol, more preferably acetone), the quality of diluent and polyurethane adds
Plus than being 1：0.5～1：1.2, mix above-mentioned sprayed on material, coating is prepared using churned mechanically mode, incorporation time is
20min, mixing speed is 100r/min, mix homogeneously；
Step 3：Add polyisocyanic acid acid esters or polyurethane curing agent, which is added than being 10% with the quality of polyurethane, is adopted
Polyester film surface is sprayed at the mode of spraying, the wherein thickness of mylar is 0.08mm～0.1mm, the thickness of coating spraying
Spend for 0.2mm～5mm (preferably 5mm), obtain electromagnetism contracting and compare material.
In sum, the present invention, should for providing the preparation method of the earth background electromagnetism contracting ratio based on bio-based materials
Method need not strictly control ratio and the material thickness for filling microgranule, using biological particle, coat high magnetic material, with very
Good electromagnetic parameter designability, and by filling the design for inhaling ripple layer using variable grain come the absorbability required for realizing
Energy.Material prepared by the present invention is can be applicable in ground environment target of the electromagnetism contracting than test, it is also possible to be applied to sea ring
In border, and in other testing backgrounds, but also there is good antioxidation, corrosion-resistant, low cost of manufacture, be a kind of
Realize there is the electromagnetism contracting of application prospect than the effective production process of material.
Although present disclosure has been made to be discussed in detail by above preferred embodiment, but it should be appreciated that above-mentioned
Description is not considered as limitation of the present invention.After those skilled in the art have read the above, for the present invention's
Multiple modifications and substitutions all will be apparent.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be limited to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. the earth background electromagnetism based on bio-based materials contracts than the preparation method of material, it is characterised in that material is compared in electromagnetism contracting
The preparation method of material includes：
The first step, gathers ground background material, carries out earth background electromagnetic parameter testing, obtains earth background material in different electricity
Relative complex dielectric constant and relative complex permeability under magnetic wave frequency；
Second step, the wave frequency of fixed bottom boundary background material choose the different-thickness of earth background material, using transmission system
The inverse process of number method, calculates the reflection coefficient under earth background material different-thickness；
3rd step, the electromagnetic parameter with the bio-based electromagnetic particle of different component expand each interpolation as element using interpolation method
Electromagnetic parameter under ratio, sets up the electromagnetic parameter storehouse of bio-based electromagnetic particle；And
4th step, by electromagnetic parameter storehouse and scale factor, using electromagnetic parameter approach method, electromagnetic parameter rule of three or reflection system
Any one method in number approximatioss obtains adding proportion of the electromagnetism contracting than the thickness and bio-based electromagnetic particle of material, prepares
Material is compared in electromagnetism contracting；
Described bio-based electromagnetic particle is prepared using compound bio restriction molding technique.
2. the earth background electromagnetism based on bio-based materials according to claim 1 contracts than the preparation method of material, and which is special
Levy and be, in the described first step, earth background electromagnetic parameter testing is prepared into standard coaxial sample by gathering earth material
Part, is tested using vector network analyzer, obtains the relative complex dielectric constant and relative complex permeability of earth background.
3. the earth background electromagnetism based on bio-based materials according to claim 1 contracts than the preparation method of material, and which is special
Levy and be, in described second step, the reflection coefficient calculating of earth background is as follows：
By relative complex dielectric constant and relative complex permeability, calculated using formula (1) and (2), obtain earth background material
Natural impedance Z and propagation constant γ；
In formula (1), εeffIt is relative complex dielectric constant, in formula (2), μeffIt is relative complex permeability；In formula (1) and formula (2),
γ be propagation constant of the electromagnetic wave in earth background material, Z for earth background material natural impedance, k0It is electromagnetic wave true
Aerial wave number, k0Calculated using formula (3) and obtained；
k0=2 π f/c (3)
In formula (3), f is electromagnetic wave frequency in a vacuum, and c is electromagnetic wave spread speed in a vacuum；
Different earth background thickness are set, are calculated using formula (4) and formula (5), the earth background under acquisition fixed frequency anti-
Penetrate coefficients R；
In formula (4) and formula (5), j represents the imaginary part factor, j2=-1, R is reflection coefficient, and T is transmission coefficient, and d is earth background
Thickness, γ are propagation constant of the electromagnetic wave in earth background material.
4. the earth background electromagnetism based on bio-based materials according to claim 1 contracts than the preparation method of material, and which is special
Levy and be, described compound bio restriction molding technique is the composite molding work that chemical plating process and gas-phase deposition combine
Skill；
Described chemical plating process refers to the surface that magnetically soft alloy is plated on biological particle, obtains electromagnetic particle；
Described gas-phase deposition refers to by vapour deposition in the high magnetic material of electromagnetic particle Surface coating.
5. the earth background electromagnetism based on bio-based materials according to claim 4 contracts than the preparation method of material, and which is special
Levy and be, described magnetically soft alloy is CoNiP, described biological particle is spirulina, spherical algae, any one in piece diatom
Kind, described high magnetic material is Ni (CO)5Or Fe (CO)5.
6. the earth background electromagnetism based on bio-based materials according to claim 4 contracts than the preparation method of material, and which is special
Levy and be, described chemical plating magnetically soft alloy is comprised the following steps that:
Step 1：Magnetically soft alloy plating solution and biological particle are fully warmed-up at 80 DEG C～90 DEG C respectively, make internal temperature reach 80 DEG C
～90 DEG C, adjustment pH is 8～10；
Step 2：Biological particle is added in the case where being stirred continuously in magnetically soft alloy plating solution, reaction is immediately placed in after starting
In 70 DEG C～80 DEG C of environment, it is stirred continuously to reaction completely, is formed particles coated；
Step 3：Cleaned to particles coated using dehydrated alcohol；
Step 4：In 120 DEG C～150 DEG C, heating, vacuum is dried, and takes out, obtain electromagnetic particle after 4～8 hours.
7. the earth background electromagnetism based on bio-based materials according to claim 6 contracts than the preparation method of material, and which is special
Levy and be, described vapour deposition high magnetic material is comprised the following steps that：
Step 1：The temperature that high magnetic material is heated to above high magnetic material boiling point, enables the high magnetic material steam rapid
Metallic particles and CO gases is resolved into, the electromagnetic particle described in step 4 is placed in reaction intracavity, reaction chamber temperature is heated to
250 DEG C and ensure its temperature constant；
Step 2：Nitrogen is passed in reaction intracavity, the metallic particles dispersed with stirring described in step 1 is made described in step 4
Electromagnetic particle surface depositing metal particles；
Step 3：After the completion of deposition process, continue logical nitrogen until being cooled to room temperature；
Step 4：The electromagnetic particle of the surface depositing metal particles that reaction is obtained is cleaned with dehydrated alcohol, is done after filtration
Dry, obtain bio-based electromagnetic particle.
8. the earth background electromagnetism based on bio-based materials according to claim 1 contracts than the preparation method of material, and which is special
Levy and be, described electromagnetism contracting is that material is compared in the contracting of planar structure-type electromagnetism than material；
Described planar structure-type electromagnetism contracting is as follows than the concrete preparation process of material：
Step 1：Choose the mixture that sprayed on material is polyurethane and bio-based electromagnetic particle, the average piece of bio-based electromagnetic particle
Footpath is 40 μm～200 μm, and the quality of polyurethane and bio-based electromagnetic particle is added than being 10%～45%；
Step 2：The quality for adding diluent and coupling agent, diluent and polyurethane is added than being 1：0.5～1：1.2, coupling agent
Mass ratio relative to bio-based electromagnetic particle is 1%～2%, above-mentioned sprayed on material is stirred, mix homogeneously；
Step 3：Add polyisocyanic acid acid esters or polyurethane curing agent in the mixing sprayed on material that step 2 is obtained, described is more
Carbimide. acid esters or polyurethane curing agent are added than being 10% with the quality of polyurethane, by the way of spraying are sprayed at polyester
The thickness on the surface of film, wherein mylar is 0.08mm～0.1mm, and the thickness of coating spraying is 0.2mm～5mm, obtains electricity
Material is compared in magnetic contracting.
9. the earth background electromagnetism based on bio-based materials according to claim 1 contracts than the preparation method of material, and which is special
Levy and be, described electromagnetism contracting is that material is compared in the contracting of curved-surface structure type electromagnetism than material；
Described curved-surface structure type electromagnetism contracting is as follows than the concrete preparation process of material：
Step 1：Thickness and size of the contracting than after are determined according to scale factor, formpiston template die of the contracting than earth background is set up
Type, with thermoplastic PLA or nylon as printed material, carries out three-dimensionally shaped processing to formpiston Slab；
Step 2：The mixture that mould material is fluid silicone rubber and bio-based electromagnetic particle is chosen, fluid silicone rubber and life is determined
The quality of thing base electromagnetic particle is added than being 0～60%；
Step 3：Mould material is mixed, incorporation time be 20～30min, mixing speed be 100～300r/min, mix homogeneously
Interpolation silicone rubber firming agent, is added than being 2～10% with the quality of silicone rubber afterwards, and mixing speed is 200～300r/min, stirs
Time be 1～2min, mix homogeneously, obtain elastomeric compound；
Step 4：Elastomeric compound is cast in formpiston board mold, silicone rubber solidification is waited, then the demoulding deburring process, obtain bent
Material is compared in face structural type electromagnetism contracting.
10. the earth background electromagnetism based on bio-based materials according to claim 9 contracts than the preparation method of material, and which is special
Levy and be, the concrete quality of described fluid silicone rubber and bio-based electromagnetic particle adds the side than adopting according to the 4th step
The density of method and fluid silicone rubber and bio-based electromagnetic particle determines.
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