CN106503311B - Preparation method of the earth background electromagnetism contracting based on bio-based materials than material - Google Patents
Preparation method of the earth background electromagnetism contracting based on bio-based materials than material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Preparation method of the earth background electromagnetism contracting based on bio-based materials that the invention discloses a kind of than material, electromagnetism contracting includes than the preparation method of material: the first step, obtains opposite complex dielectric constant and opposite complex permeability of the earth background material under different wave frequencies；Second step calculates the reflection coefficient under earth background material different-thickness using the inverse process of transmission coefficient method；Third step establishes the electromagnetic parameter library of biology base electromagnetic particle；And the 4th step is obtained electromagnetism contracting than the thickness of material and the adding proportion of biology base electromagnetic particle, is prepared electromagnetism contracting and compare material by electromagnetic parameter library and scale factor.Wherein, biology base electromagnetic particle is prepared using compound bio restriction molding technique.Preparation method accuracy of the invention is high, and preparation method is efficient, and the biology base electromagnetic particle that the present invention uses coats high magnetic material preparation by biological particle, has the characteristics that low-density and advantage shape, has good electromagnetic parameter designability.
Description
Technical field
Preparation the present invention relates to a kind of contracting of the electromagnetism of labyrinth than material, and in particular to one kind is based on bio-based materials
Earth background electromagnetism contracting ratio preparation method, be suitable for the contractings of various the army and the people's targets than test.
Background technique
Currently, the analysis method of the Electromagnetic Scattering Characteristics of target mainly include scaling calculation and test and full size calculate and
Two kinds of test, is the radar cross section (RCS) for accurately obtaining prototype target, and scale model and prototype target need to keep electric ruler
Very little constant rate, it is often more important that guarantee that their Electromagnetic Scatterings are identical.
In modernization military system, composite material is largely used in aircraft, is inhaled wave such as carbon fiber skin, surface and is applied
Layer, leading edge absorbent structure, honeycomb, multilayered structure etc., so that passing simple metal or nonmetallic contracting are very than material
Difficulty meets the test of scale model and calculates demand.Earth background material is as a kind of special composite material, electromagnetic property
It is easy the influence by environmental factor (humidity, thickness, SOIL DISTRIBUTION etc.).In electromagnetism scaling measurement, building meets contracting than closing
The model of system is key, and the existing scaling measurement overwhelming majority is towards all-metal target, for the mesh with composite material
It is also less to mark model.This electromagnetic parameter for being primarily due to material usually has dispersion characteristics (Frequency in frequency range
Dependent Characteristics) so that the electromagnetic parameter of material is at contracting is than test frequency and full size test frequency
It is difficult to keep consistent, needs to redesign scale model material, this becomes the key of electromagnetism scaling measurement.
Currently, contracting for nonmetallic materials than designing the method with manufacture also than relatively limited, such as patent
CN103342167A proposes a kind of manufacturing method of the scale model of wing composite material, according to real aircraft design size,
It contracts than the performance parameter of coefficient and composite material, has manufactured the similar mold of model geometric shape, selected material parameter appropriate
And working process parameter, the composite material scale model of aircraft wing, including spar and rib are manufactured, connects bone using metal ribs
Frame, the contracting are designed and manufacture only for the mechanical property of material than material, also for the test of subsequent Electromagnetic Scattering Characteristics
It needs to carry out subsequent processing, it is complicated to will lead to design；Patent CN104407331A proposes the scaled model lake of ship RCS a kind of
Face test method and system, wherein method includes the following steps, under inland lake aquatic environment, to the testee ship of the water surface
Scaled model emits a series of narrow-band impulse clusters, acquires the echo-signal of ship scaled model, and then realize the electricity of scale model
Magnetic scattering characteristic, the test method have only carried out contracting ratio to target ship, preparation for background material and design consider compared with
Few, background environment remains as the lake surface of original size, than in is also not directed to lake surface surface topography, such as the influence of wave in contracting；
Patent CN105224762A proposes a kind of contracting based on electromagnetic parameter optimization design than composite material preparation method, design process
Including four steps, calculate the reflection coefficient of original material, to mixing material carry out electromagnetic parameter testing, according to contracting than require into
The electromagnetic parameter testing of the mixing material of row different ratio establishes the electromagnetic parameter library of the different ratio of mixing material into her,
Finally electromagnetic parameter is optimized, mixing material is optimized according to the reflection coefficient of original frequency range material, the patent institute
The method of proposition is mainly based on film-type coating material, and material bottom layer must include metal substrate, for the electromagnetism of big thickness
Material is not directed to, while this method does not refer to type of mixing material etc. deeply." Liu Tiejun, Zhang Xiangyang have document
Law of similitude research [J] electronic letters, vol of consumption Electromagnetic Scattering of Target scaling measurement, 1992,12:12-19 " is directed to lossy target contracting ratio
Model gives three similar laws, coats metal ball using electromagnetic medium, is verified to three laws of similitude, the results showed that
Second, third law of similitude is applicable to full frequency band, and mapping fault is less than ldB, and the research contracted than material property is not goed deep into also
Expansion research." the stealthy scale model of Sun Qin, Tian Wei Large Aircraft Structure calculates research [C] China Aviation association 2007 to document
Year, Annual Conference .0701-03-029. " was directed to dielectric aerofoil profile, and dielectric is equivalent to force an equivalent impedance in shape
Value, is calculated using impedance boundary condition, however as becoming larger for impedance, the initial model RCS value and original that are calculated
Beginning model compares, and relative error is still increasing, and background material is not directed to.Document " Li Jialiang, Gu Jun, king
The contracting of ice cement flooring electromagnetism is known than Testing Technology Study [J] guidance and fuse .2009, and 30 (2): 57-60. " utilizes composite wood
Expect constructing technology, makes cement flooring analog sample block, the nonmetallic contracting of preliminary identification after testing its electromagnetic scattering
Than principle, this provides new approach to carry out Target near field Electromagnetic Scattering Characteristics research in earth background, however this kind of material
It is limited only to dielectric type low-loss material, the high loss cement flooring of moist class is not deeply considered.
In short, research of the electromagnetism contracting than material preparation method has been carried out at present, it is this for nonmagnetic nonmetallic materials
Contracting needs the dielectric constant and magnetic conductivity of strict control of material than the design method of material, and used when designing material formula
Formula is general equivalent medium theory formula, and for the electromagnetic parameter for reaching setting, the ratio and material thickness for filling particle are needed
Want strict control, be to adapt to the lower contracting of point frequency than test request harshness, realize high-precision contracting than when difficulty can more greatly.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide preparation method of the earth background electromagnetism contracting than material based on bio-based materials, the party
Method can overcome existing method design contracting than test request harshness, it is difficult to realize high-precision contracting than the problem of, pass through biological constraints
Molding prepares electromagnetic particle, is designed using electromagnetic parameter approach method, electromagnetic parameter rule of three or reflection coefficient approximatioss, and utilize
Than electromagnetism contracting than material, accuracy is high for electromagnetic particle preparation contracting, and preparation method is efficient.
In order to achieve the above object, the system the present invention provides the earth background electromagnetism contracting based on bio-based materials than material
Preparation Method, electromagnetism contracting include than the preparation method of material:
The first step acquires ground background material, carries out earth background electromagnetic parameter testing, obtains earth background material not
With the opposite complex dielectric constant and opposite complex permeability under wave frequency；
Second step, the wave frequency of fixed bottom boundary background material choose the different-thickness of earth background material, using biography
The inverse process of defeated Y-factor method Y calculates the reflection coefficient under earth background material different-thickness；
Third step is expanded each using the electromagnetic parameter of the biology base electromagnetic particle of different component as element using interpolation method
Electromagnetic parameter under adding proportion establishes the electromagnetic parameter library of biology base electromagnetic particle；And
4th step, by electromagnetic parameter library and scale factor, using electromagnetic parameter approach method, electromagnetic parameter rule of three or anti-
Any one method penetrated in coefficient approximation method obtains electromagnetism and contracts than the thickness of material and the adding proportion of biology base electromagnetic particle,
It prepares electromagnetism contracting and compares material.
Wherein, the biology base electromagnetic particle is prepared using compound bio restriction molding technique.
In the first step, earth background electromagnetic parameter testing is prepared into standard coaxial sample by acquisition earth material
Part is tested using vector network analyzer, obtains the opposite complex dielectric constant and opposite complex permeability of earth background.
In the second step, the reflection coefficient of earth background calculates as follows:
By opposite complex dielectric constant and opposite complex permeability, is calculated using formula (1) and (2), obtain earth background
The wave impedance Z and propagation constant γ of material.
In formula (1), εeffFor opposite complex dielectric constant, in formula (2), μeffFor opposite complex permeability；Formula (1) and formula
(2) in, γ is propagation constant of the electromagnetic wave in earth background material, and Z is the wave impedance of earth background material, k0For electromagnetic wave
Wave number in a vacuum, k0It is calculated and is obtained using formula (3)；
k0=2 π f/c (3)
In formula (3), f is the frequency of electromagnetic wave in a vacuum, and c is the spread speed of electromagnetic wave in a vacuum；
Different earth background thickness is set, is calculated using formula (4) and formula (5), the earth background under fixed frequency is obtained
Reflection R；
In formula (4) and formula (5), j indicates the imaginary part factor, j2=-1, R is reflection coefficient, and T is transmission coefficient, and d is ground back
The thickness of scape, γ are propagation constant of the electromagnetic wave in earth background material.
The compound bio restriction molding technique is the composite molding that chemical plating process and gas-phase deposition combine
Technique；
Wherein, the chemical plating process refers to the surface that magnetically soft alloy is plated on to biological particle, obtains electromagnetic particle；
Wherein, the gas-phase deposition, which refers to, coats high magnetic material on electromagnetic particle surface by vapor deposition.
The magnetically soft alloy is CoNiP, and the biological particle is spirulina, spherical algae, any in piece diatom
One kind, the high magnetic material are Ni (CO)5Or Fe (CO)5。
Specific step is as follows for the chemical plating magnetically soft alloy:
Step 1: magnetically soft alloy plating solution and biological particle being fully warmed-up at 80 DEG C~90 DEG C respectively, reach internal temperature
80 DEG C~90 DEG C, adjustment pH is 8~10；
Step 2: biological particle is added in magnetically soft alloy plating solution in the case where being stirred continuously, reaction is rapid after starting
It is placed in 70 DEG C~80 DEG C of environment, is stirred continuously to fully reacting, is formed particles coated；
Step 3: being cleaned using dehydrated alcohol to particles coated；
Step 4: heating, vacuum is dry in 120 DEG C~150 DEG C, takes out after 4~8 hours, obtains electromagnetic particle.
Specific step is as follows for the high magnetic material of vapor deposition:
Step 1: high magnetic material being heated to above to the temperature of high magnetic material boiling point, enables the high magnetic material steam
Resolve into metallic particles and CO gas rapidly, electromagnetic particle described in step 4 be placed in reaction chamber, by reaction chamber temperature plus
Heat is to 250 DEG C and guarantees that its temperature is constant；
Step 2: passing to nitrogen in reaction chamber, metallic particles described in step 1 is dispersed with stirring, make institute in step 4
The electromagnetic particle surface depositing metal particles stated；
Step 3: after the completion of deposition process, continuing logical nitrogen until being cooled to room temperature；
Step 4: the electromagnetic particle for the surface depositing metal particles that reaction obtains being cleaned with dehydrated alcohol, after filtering
It is dry, obtain biology base electromagnetic particle.
The electromagnetism contracting is that material is compared in the contracting of planar structure-type electromagnetism than material.
Wherein, than material, specific preparation process is as follows for planar structure-type electromagnetism contracting:
Step 1: choosing the mixture that sprayed on material is polyurethane and biology base electromagnetic particle, biology base electromagnetic particle is put down
Equal piece diameter is 40 μm~200 μm, and the quality addition of polyurethane and biology base electromagnetic particle is than being 10%~45%；
Step 2: the quality addition of addition diluent and coupling agent, diluent and polyurethane is even than being 1:0.5~1:1.2
Joining agent relative to the mass ratio of biology base electromagnetic particle is 1%~2%, and above-mentioned sprayed on material is stirred, is uniformly mixed；
Step 3: polyisocyanic acid acid esters or polyurethane curing agent are added in the mixing sprayed on material that step 2 obtains, it is described
Polyisocyanic acid acid esters or polyurethane curing agent and polyurethane quality addition than being 10%, be sprayed at by the way of spraying poly-
The surface of ester film, wherein polyester film with a thickness of 0.08mm~0.1mm, coating spraying with a thickness of 0.2mm~5mm, obtain
Compare material to electromagnetism contracting.
The electromagnetism contracting is that material is compared in the contracting of curved-surface structure type electromagnetism than material.
Wherein, than material, specific preparation process is as follows for curved-surface structure type electromagnetism contracting:
Step 1: thickness and size after determining contracting ratio according to scale factor establish force plate of the contracting than earth background
Model carries out three-dimensionally shaped processing to formpiston Slab using thermoplastic material PLA or nylon as printed material；
Step 2: choosing the mixture that mould material is fluid silicone rubber and biology base electromagnetic particle, determine fluid silicone rubber
Quality addition with biology base electromagnetic particle is than being 0~60%；
Step 3: mould material being mixed, incorporation time is 20~30min, and mixing speed is 100~300r/min, mixing
Silicon rubber curing agent is added after uniformly, for the quality addition with silicon rubber than being 2~10%, mixing speed is 200~300r/min,
Mixing time is 1~2min, is uniformly mixed, and rubber compound is obtained；
Step 4: rubber compound being cast in formpiston board mold, silicon rubber solidification is waited, then demoulding and deburring processing, are obtained
It obtains the contracting of curved-surface structure type electromagnetism and compares material.
The specific quality addition of the fluid silicone rubber and biology base electromagnetic particle is than using according to the 4th step
The density of method and fluid silicone rubber and biology base electromagnetic particle determines.
The preparation method of earth background electromagnetism contracting ratio provided by the invention based on bio-based materials, has the advantage that
Method of the invention designs contracting ratio using electromagnetic parameter approach method, electromagnetic parameter rule of three or reflection coefficient approximatioss
Material does not need strict control to the ratio and material thickness of filling particle, is easier to realize；Biology base prepared by the present invention
Electromagnetic particle uses biological particle, coats high magnetic material, has the characteristics that low-density and advantage shape, and has good
Electromagnetic parameter designability；Electromagnetism contracting prepared by the present invention comes than material by using the design that variable grain fills suction wave layer real
Absorbent properties required for existing；Material prepared by the present invention can be applied to electromagnetism contracting than in the ground environment target of test,
Can be applied in the environment of sea and in other testing backgrounds, but also have well it is anti-oxidant, corrosion-resistant, manufacture at
This low advantage is that a kind of realize has the electromagnetism contracting of application prospect than the effective production process of material.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is to contract to prepare schematic diagram than material using the earth background electromagnetism of biology base electromagnetic particle in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that earth background electromagnetism contracts than material preparation flow figure in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is for earth background in the present invention with the reflection coefficient chart of thickness change at 4GHz.
Fig. 4 is that (wherein a be Jie for the curve graph of the electromagnetic parameter of the biology base electromagnetic particle of different adding proportions in the present invention
Electric constant real part, b are imaginary part of dielectric constant, and c is magnetic conductivity real part, and d is magnetic conductivity imaginary part).
Fig. 5 is that material is compared in the electromagnetism contracting that biology base electromagnetic particle quality addition ratio is 26.68% and 31.06% in the present invention
With the reflection coefficient chart of thickness change, (it is 26.68% that wherein a, which is quality addition ratio, and b is that quality addition ratio is at 8GHz
31.06%).
Fig. 6 is for earth background in the present invention with the reflection coefficient chart of thickness change at 8GHz.
Fig. 7 is that the addition of biology base electromagnetic particle quality exists than the electromagnetism contracting for being 37.9% and 28.8% than material in invention
With the reflection coefficient chart of thickness change, (it is 37.9% that wherein a, which is quality addition ratio, and b is that quality addition ratio is at 16GHz
28.8%).
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and examples, the following further describes the technical solution of the present invention.
As shown in Fig. 2, the present invention is used to provide preparation side of the earth background electromagnetism contracting based on bio-based materials than material
Method, electromagnetism contracting include than the preparation method of material:
The first step acquires ground background material, carries out earth background electromagnetic parameter testing, obtains earth background material not
With the opposite complex dielectric constant and opposite complex permeability under wave frequency；
Second step, the wave frequency of fixed bottom boundary background material choose the different-thickness of earth background material, using biography
The inverse process of defeated Y-factor method Y calculates the reflection coefficient under earth background material different-thickness；
Third step is expanded each using the electromagnetic parameter of the biology base electromagnetic particle of different component as element using interpolation method
Electromagnetic parameter under adding proportion establishes the electromagnetic parameter library of biology base electromagnetic particle；
4th step, by electromagnetic parameter library and scale factor, using electromagnetic parameter approach method, electromagnetic parameter rule of three or anti-
Any one method penetrated in coefficient approximation method obtains electromagnetism and contracts than the thickness of material and the adding proportion of biology base electromagnetic particle,
It prepares electromagnetism contracting and compares material.
Wherein, biology base electromagnetic particle is prepared using compound bio restriction molding technique.
Embodiment 1
1, earth background material electromagnetic parameter test
Representative earth background material is acquired, is prepared into standard coaxial exemplar, internal diameter 3mm, outer diameter 7mm,
It with a thickness of 2mm, is tested using vector network analyzer, the test method taken is the transmission reflection system that coaxial sample is standard component
Number method obtains the opposite complex dielectric constant and opposite complex permeability of earth background material.
Coaxial sample is the transmission reflectance of standard component, specific as follows:
According to test material reflection coefficient and transmission coefficient, the transmission matrix equation of multilayer material is utilized:
In formula 6, R is reflection coefficient, and T is transmission coefficient, γiFor electromagnetic wave i layer material propagation constant,niFor the refractive index of i layer material, k0For the wave number of electromagnetic wave in a vacuum, k0It adopts
It is calculated with formula (3),
k0=2 π f/c (3),
In formula (3), f is the frequency of electromagnetic wave in a vacuum, and c is the spread speed of electromagnetic wave in a vacuum.
When material is single layer, i.e. i=1 has γi=γ, γ are propagation constant of the electromagnetic wave in earth background material,
At this time
In formula 7 and formula 8, Z is electromagnetic wave in the wave impedance (normalized value) of earth background material, can be obtained by above-mentioned formula
It arrives:
In formula (9), j indicates the imaginary part factor, j2=-1, d is the thickness of earth background, available:
It can be obtained in this way:
In formula (1), εeffFor opposite complex dielectric constant, in formula (2), μeffFor opposite complex permeability.Such as select 4GHz
The electromagnetic parameter at place, relative dielectric constant 14, relative dielectric constant imaginary part are 7, and opposite complex permeability is 1.
2, earth background thickness and reflection coefficient assessment
As shown in figure 3, when electromagnetic parameter is 4GHz, using the inverse process of transmission reflectance, by relatively plural
Dielectric constant and opposite complex permeability, calculate the reflection coefficient under earth background different-thickness, calculating process is as follows:
In formula (1), εeffFor opposite complex dielectric constant, in formula (2), μeffFor opposite complex permeability；Formula (1) and formula
(2) in, γ is propagation constant of the electromagnetic wave in earth background material, and Z is the wave impedance of earth background material, k0For electromagnetic wave
Wave number in a vacuum, k0It is calculated and is obtained using formula (3),
k0=2 π f/c (3)
In formula (3), f is the frequency of electromagnetic wave in a vacuum, and c is the spread speed of electromagnetic wave in a vacuum.
Different earth background thickness is set, is calculated using formula (4) and formula (5), the earth background under fixed frequency is obtained
Reflection R；
In formula (4) and formula (5), R is reflection coefficient, and T is transmission coefficient, and d is the thickness of earth background, and γ is that electromagnetic wave exists
Propagation constant in earth background material.
As can be seen that the reflection coefficient of earth background is obvious as the variation of thickness changes within the scope of 0~35mm,
Gradually tend to fixed value more than 35mm thickness, therefore setting can be chosen with a thickness of the earth background of 40mm or more, reflection system
Number is -4.37dB.
3, the electromagnetic parameter library of biology base electromagnetic particle
The biology base electromagnetic particle of different proportion, compound bio constraint technique are prepared using compound bio restriction molding technique
It can not only realize the preparation of high-performance absorbent, while can also guarantee the manufacture efficiency in preparation process.Using chemical plating
The compound bio restriction molding technique that technique and gas-phase deposition combine, chemical plating process can allow biological template to have
Certain electromagnetic performance, while guaranteeing that formwork structure has certain intensity and heat resistance, to guarantee that subsequent bio constrains work
Skill can be realized the cladding of high performance material (carbonyl iron, carbonyl nickel etc.).
The foundation in electromagnetic parameter library is using the electromagnetic parameter of the biology base electromagnetic particle of different adding proportions as element, using slotting
Value method expands the electromagnetic parameter under each adding proportion, and quality addition obtains the electricity of biology base electromagnetic particle than being 0%~60%
Magnetic parameter library.As shown in figure 4, electromagnetic parameter library can get the real part of permittivity of biology base electromagnetic particle under different electromagnetic parameters
(see a of Fig. 4), imaginary part of dielectric constant (see the b of Fig. 4), magnetic conductivity real part (see the c of Fig. 4) and magnetic conductivity imaginary part (see the d of Fig. 4)
Data and curve graph.
Preparing for biology base electromagnetic particle is specific as follows:
(1) electroless cobalt plating NiP
Chemical plating process mainly includes 3 steps: activation, dispergation and chemical plating, and magnetic coating selects magnetic metal, such as
CoNiP, NiP or Cu etc..
Specific step is as follows by electroless cobalt plating NiP:
Firstly, CoNiP plating solution and diatomite are fully warmed-up in 80 DEG C~90 DEG C water-baths respectively, reach internal temperature
To 80 DEG C~90 DEG C, the NaOH solution of 20g/L is used to be adjusted pH as 8~10.
Secondly, diatomite is added in CoNiP plating solution in the case where being stirred continuously, reaction is put into rapidly 70 after starting
DEG C~80 DEG C of water-baths in, be stirred continuously to fully reacting, formed particles coated.
Then, it is cleaned using dehydrated alcohol to particles coated.
Finally, 120 DEG C in a vacuum drying oven~150 DEG C heat dryings, take out after 4~8 hours, obtain electromagnetic particle.
Chemical plating process can activate biological template with certain electromagnetic performance, while guarantee that formwork structure has one
Fixed intensity and heat resistance, to guarantee that subsequent bio constraint technique can be realized to high performance material, such as carbonyl iron, carbonyl nickel
Deng being coated.
(2) vapor deposition cladding Fe material
The main mesh of gas-phase deposition be high magnetic material (carbonyl iron, carbonyl nickel etc.) is coated on electromagnetic particle it
On, to obtain the more excellent biology base electromagnetic particle of performance.
Specific step is as follows for vapor deposition cladding Fe material:
Firstly, considering that metal carbonyl vapor reaction is violent, by Fe (CO)5Steam is heated to 90 DEG C, this temperature is more than steam
Boiling point, so that the steam is resolved into metallic particles and CO gas rapidly.Electromagnetic particle is placed in reaction chamber, it is warm in reaction chamber
Degree is heated to 250 DEG C and guarantees that its temperature is constant.
Secondly, passing to nitrogen in reaction chamber prevents the metallic particles oxidation of cladding, make metallic particles with stirring paddle stirring
Dispersion, rate of dispersion 30r/min.
Then, continue logical nitrogen after the completion of deposition process until being cooled to room temperature.
Finally, the electromagnetic particle for the coating metal particles that reaction obtains is cleaned with dehydrated alcohol, it is put into after filtering
It is dry in drying box, obtain biology base electromagnetic particle.
4, electromagnetic design of the electromagnetism contracting than material
Electromagnetism contract than material electromagnetic design method there are mainly three types of: (1) according in electromagnetic parameter library electromagnetic parameter and
Not the structure feature under same piece come choose contracting than material electromagnetic parameter, the thickness such as earth background is little, can using electricity
Magnetic parameter approach method chooses suitable electromagnetic parameter, and electromagnetic parameter approach method is mainly based upon electromagnetic parameter and earth background electromagnetism
The close principle of parameter, interpolation calculation go out the component of material, if feasible can determine that contracting is thicker than material according to scale factor
Degree；(2) under normal conditions, it to find to have and have any problem with the consistent material of prototype earth background electromagnetic parameter, because
Electromagnetic parameter rule of three can be considered in this, and the earth background material that this method is directed to is thickness than relatively thin situation, it is only necessary to be selected
Take the contracting of same thickness than material, the contracting of holding electromagnetism is the multiple of leiomyoma cells than the electromagnetic parameter of material, which is contracting ratio
The inverse of the factor；(3) if the thickness of prototype earth material is larger, suitable biology is still difficult to find that using first two method
The formula of base electromagnetic particle can choose reflection coefficient and approach mode to construct earth background contracting than material, and this method maintains
The consistent requirement of the reflection characteristic of material also can be applied to the construction to contract than material in most cases.
Electromagnetism contracting is more specific as follows than material Electromagnetic Desigu Method:
As shown in figure 4, choosing scale factor is 1:2, that is, choose the electromagnetism of the different proportion biology base electromagnetic particle of 8GHz
Parameter, it can be seen that bioelectromagnetics particle the frequency point complex permeability close to 1, and dielectric constant is in 40wt% and 50wt%
Under quality addition ratio, real part of permittivity is respectively 19.49 and 23.698 (see a of Fig. 4), and imaginary part of dielectric constant is respectively 3.94
With 7.71 (see the b of Fig. 4), when by calculating available corresponding real part of permittivity being 14, quality of materials addition ratio is
26.68wt%, the imaginary part of dielectric constant of material is 2.63 at this time.
At this point, corresponding electromagnetism contracting than material reflection coefficient curve of the material under different-thickness as shown in a of Fig. 5, can be with
The reflection coefficient of material is found out as the increase of thickness still can tend to fixed value, and reflection coefficient is -4.69dB, this is because material
Caused by the imaginary part of dielectric constant of material is too small, it can be seen that selection electromagnetic parameter approximatioss deviation is larger at this time, is not appropriate for.
If using electromagnetic parameter ratio back-and-forth method, it can be seen that dielectric when quality addition is than being 40wt% and 50wt%
Loss tangent value, i.e. imaginary part of dielectric constant/real part of permittivity, respectively 3.94/19.49 and 7.71/23.698, two values are small
In the dielectric loss tangent value of ground environment, it is not easy to carry out the selection of electromagnetic parameter ratio at this time.
It is considered as reflection coefficient approximatioss and carries out interpolation calculation, carry out interpolation using the electromagnetic parameter in electromagnetic parameter library
Selection is calculated, then passes through screening, it can be seen that when choosing dielectric constant is 16 and 3.10, quality is added than being 31.06wt%,
Contracting at this time than material reflection coefficient with the change curve of thickness as shown in the b of Fig. 5, it can be seen that material is compared in the contracting of electromagnetism at this time
Increase of the reflection coefficient with thickness, the value that tends towards stability -4.36dB, the actual reflection coefficient with prototype earth background material
Difference ratio can be used for earth background contracting than in material, thickness chooses 40mm or more less than 0.2%.
5, contracting is prepared than material
Since the thickness of material is larger, reach 40mm, therefore be regarded as curved-surface structure type electromagnetic material, use is three-dimensionally shaped
Prepared by technology, three-dimensionally shaped technique contracts needed for capable of directly preparing than the force plate of electromagnetic material, in formpiston plate surface
It can be obtained the scale model with the similar structure in ground by moulding by casting.Curved-surface structure type electromagnetism contracts than material specific steps
It is as follows:
Firstly, the three-dimensional digital model of curved surface earth background is established, thickness and face after contracting ratio is determined according to scale factor
Product size, establishes the earth background model of diminution, and establishes formpiston Slab of the contracting than earth background.
Secondly, being carried out using the thermoplastic materials such as PLA (polylactic acid) or nylon as printed material to formpiston Slab three-dimensional
Processing and forming.Specific step is as follows for three-dimensionally shaped processing:
Step 1: cleaning print platform, surface coating printing glue (preferably cyanacrylate), coating number be 2~
4 times, coating thickness is 0.1~0.3mm (preferably 0.1mm)；
Step 2: selection printing wire rod, gauge or diameter of wire are 1.75~3mm (preferably 1.75mm), print parameters are arranged, in addition
To accelerate the rapid curing of three-dimensionally shaped micro mist by the way of working face heating, heating temperature is 60~80 DEG C (preferably 60
℃)。
Step 3: being printed, printing type is continous way printing, and the distance of print head distance printing exemplar is maintained at
The diameter of 0.05~0.1mm (preferably 0.05mm), print head are 0.4~0.8mm (preferably 0.4mm), and ground can be realized in this way
Background electromagnetic contracting manufactures (thickness is 40mm preferred) than the force plate of material.
Finally, being contracted using the force plate made than mold, ground reduction of area is prepared by the way of casting and compares material.Pourer
Specific step is as follows for skill:
Step 1: choosing mould material and determine specific adding proportion.Mould material is fluid silicone rubber and biology base electromagnetism
The mixture of particle, quality addition is than being 0~60% (preferably 31.06%).Adding proportion occurrence is according to aforementioned electromagnetic parameter
The ratio of design selects, and determines that quality adds ratio according to the density of fluid silicone rubber and biology base electromagnetic particle；
Step 2: the mould material of above-mentioned selection is mixed, agitating mode is mechanical stirring, incorporation time is 20~
30min (preferably 20min), mixing speed are 100~300r/min (preferably 100r/min), and it is solid to add silicon rubber after mixing
Agent, adding proportion are 2~10% (preferably 5%) of silicon rubber quality, and mixing speed is 200~300r/min (preferably 200r/
Min), mixing time is 1~2min (preferably 2min), is uniformly mixed, and rubber compound is obtained；
Step 3: rubber compound is cast in formpiston board mold, silicon rubber solidification is waited, then demoulding and deburring processing, it can
It prepares the earth background contracting with curve form as shown in Figure 1 and compares material.
Embodiment 2
1, earth background material electromagnetic parameter test
Representative earth material is acquired, standard coaxial exemplar, internal diameter 3mm, outer diameter 7mm, thickness are prepared into
It for 2mm, is tested using vector network analyzer, obtains opposite complex dielectric constant and opposite complex permeability.Such as select 8GHz
The electromagnetic parameter at place, relative dielectric constant 16, relative dielectric constant imaginary part are 10, and opposite complex permeability is 1.
2, earth background thickness and reflection coefficient assessment
As shown in fig. 6, when electromagnetic parameter is 8GHz, using the inverse process of transmission reflectance, by relatively plural
Dielectric constant and opposite complex permeability, calculate the reflection coefficient under earth background different-thickness.As can be seen that earth background
Reflection coefficient is obvious as the variation of thickness changes within the scope of 0~20mm, gradually tends to be fixed more than 20mm thickness
Value, reflection coefficient are -3.89dB.
3, the electromagnetic parameter library of biology base electromagnetic particle
The biology base electromagnetic particle that different proportion is prepared using compound bio restriction molding technique, it is micro- to establish biology base electromagnetism
The electromagnetic parameter library of grain, as shown in figure 4, obtaining the dielectric of biology base electromagnetic particle under different electromagnetic parameters by electromagnetic parameter library
Constant real part (see a of Fig. 4), imaginary part of dielectric constant (see the b of Fig. 4), magnetic conductivity real part (see the c of Fig. 4) and magnetic conductivity imaginary part (see
The d of Fig. 4) data and curve graph.
Preparing for biology base electromagnetic particle is specific as follows:
(1) electroless cobalt plating NiP
Firstly, CoNiP plating solution and diatomite are fully warmed-up in 80 DEG C~90 DEG C water-baths respectively, reach internal temperature
To 80 DEG C~90 DEG C, the NaOH solution of 20g/L is used to be adjusted pH as 8~10.
Secondly, diatomite is added in CoNiP plating solution in the case where being stirred continuously, reaction is put into rapidly 70 after starting
DEG C~80 DEG C of water-baths in, be stirred continuously to fully reacting, formed particles coated.
Then, it is cleaned using dehydrated alcohol to particles coated.
Finally, 120 DEG C in a vacuum drying oven~150 DEG C heat dryings, take out after 4~8 hours, electromagnetic particle is obtained.
Chemical plating process can activate biological template with certain electromagnetic performance, while guarantee that formwork structure has one
Fixed intensity and heat resistance, to guarantee that subsequent bio constraint technique can be realized to high performance material, such as carbonyl iron, carbonyl nickel
Deng being coated.
(2) vapor deposition cladding Fe material
Firstly, considering that metal carbonyl vapor reaction is violent, by Fe (CO)5Steam is heated to 90 DEG C, this temperature is more than steam
Boiling point, so that the steam is resolved into metallic particles and CO gas rapidly.Electromagnetic particle is placed in reaction chamber, by reaction chamber temperature
Degree is heated to 250 DEG C and guarantees that its temperature is constant.
Secondly, passing to nitrogen in reaction chamber prevents the metallic particles oxidation of cladding, metallic particles is stirred with agitating paddle
Dispersion, rate of dispersion 30r/min.
Then, continue logical nitrogen after the completion of deposition process until being cooled to room temperature.
Finally, the electromagnetic particle for the coating metal particles that reaction obtains is cleaned with dehydrated alcohol, it is put into after filtering
It is dry in drying box, obtain biology base electromagnetic particle.
4, electromagnetism contracting is than material electromagnetic design
According to the electromagnetic parameter library of the biology base electromagnetic particle of foundation, selection scale factor is 1:2, i.e. selection 16GHz's
The electromagnetic parameter of different proportion biology base electromagnetic particle.Biology base electromagnetic particle is not 1 in the complex permeability of the frequency, such as
The a and b of Fig. 4 dielectric constant under 40wt% and 50wt% ratio is respectively 0.8+j0.41 and 0.86+j0.43, and dielectric constant
Real part is respectively 16.74 and 17.72, and imaginary part of dielectric constant is respectively 16.69 and 17.87.By calculating available corresponding Jie
When electric constant real part is 16, material adding proportion is 37.9wt%, and the imaginary part of material is 15.8 at this time, magnetic conductivity 0.81+
j0.39。
It, at this time can than material reflection coefficient curve of the material under different-thickness from corresponding contracting as shown in a of Fig. 7
Out, the reflection coefficient of material still can tend to fixed value with the increase of thickness, and reflection coefficient stationary value is -3.72dB, this is
Since the magnetic conductivity and dielectric constant of material are not satisfied caused by requirement, it can be seen that it is inclined to choose electromagnetic parameter approximatioss at this time
Difference is larger, is not appropriate for.
If using electromagnetic parameter ratio back-and-forth method, it can be seen that dielectric loss tangent value when 40wt% and 50wt%
Respectively close to 1, magnetic loss tangent value is not 0, and two values are all larger than the dielectric loss tangent value of ground environment, also inconvenient at this time
In progress electromagnetic parameter ratio selection.
It is considered as reflection coefficient approximatioss and carries out interpolation calculation, carry out interpolation using the electromagnetic parameter in electromagnetic parameter library
Selection is calculated, then passes through screening, it can be seen that when selection dielectric constant is 12.9-j12.02, when magnetic conductivity is 0.86+j0.30,
Quality addition is than being 28.8wt%.As shown in the b of Fig. 7, contract at this time from electromagnetism more bent with the variation of thickness than the reflection coefficient of material
Line can be seen that increase of reflection coefficient of the contracting of electromagnetism at this time than material with thickness, the value that tends towards stability -3.90dB, with original
The actual reflection coefficient difference ratio of type earth background material less than 1%, can with earth background contracting than in material, thickness
Choose 5mm or more.
5, electromagnetism contracting is prepared than material
Due to the thickness of material and little, only 5mm, therefore it is regarded as planar structure-type electromagnetic material, pass through spraying rolling
It is prepared by the mode of pressure.Specific step is as follows than material for the contracting of planar structure-type electromagnetism:
Step 1: choosing sprayed on material and determine adding proportion.Sprayed on material is the mixed of polyurethane and biology base electromagnetic particle
Object is closed, the average piece diameter of biology base electromagnetic particle is 40 μm~200 μm, and the quality of polyurethane and biology base electromagnetic particle adds ratio
For 10%~45% (preferably 28.8%), adding proportion occurrence is selected according to the ratio of aforementioned electromagnetic parameter designing, according to poly-
Urethane and the density of biology base electromagnetic particle can determine mass ratio.
Step 2: addition diluent (preferably acetone, dehydrated alcohol, more preferable acetone), the quality of diluent and polyurethane adds
Add than mixing above-mentioned sprayed on material, preparing coating using churned mechanically mode, incorporation time is for 1:0.5~1:1.2
20min, mixing speed 100r/min are uniformly mixed；
Step 3: addition polyisocyanic acid acid esters or polyurethane curing agent, the quality addition with polyurethane are adopted than being 10%
Be sprayed at polyester film surface with the mode of spraying, wherein polyester film with a thickness of 0.08mm~0.1mm, the thickness of coating spraying
Degree is 0.2mm~5mm (preferably 5mm), obtains electromagnetism contracting and compares material.
In conclusion the present invention is somebody's turn to do for providing the preparation method of the earth background electromagnetism contracting ratio based on bio-based materials
Method does not need the ratio and material thickness of strict control filling particle, using biological particle, coats high magnetic material, has very
Good electromagnetic parameter designability, and the design of suction wave layer is filled by using variable grain to realize required absorbability
Energy.Material prepared by the present invention can be applied to electromagnetism contracting than also can be applied to sea ring in the ground environment target of test
In border and in other testing backgrounds, but also have the advantages that well it is anti-oxidant, corrosion-resistant, manufacturing cost is low etc., be a kind of
Realizing has the electromagnetism contracting of application prospect than the effective production process of material.
It is discussed in detail although the contents of the present invention have passed through above preferred embodiment, but it should be appreciated that above-mentioned
Description is not considered as limitation of the present invention.After those skilled in the art have read above content, for of the invention
A variety of modifications and substitutions all will be apparent.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be limited to the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. the earth background electromagnetism contracting based on bio-based materials is than the preparation method of material, which is characterized in that material is compared in electromagnetism contracting
The preparation method of material includes:
The first step acquires ground background material, carries out earth background electromagnetic parameter testing, obtains earth background material in different electricity
Opposite complex dielectric constant and opposite complex permeability under magnetic wave frequency；
Second step, the wave frequency of fixed bottom boundary background material choose the different-thickness of earth background material, are using transmission
The inverse process of number method, calculates the reflection coefficient under earth background material different-thickness；
Third step expands each addition using interpolation method using the electromagnetic parameter of the biology base electromagnetic particle of different component as element
Electromagnetic parameter under ratio establishes the electromagnetic parameter library of biology base electromagnetic particle；And
4th step, by electromagnetic parameter library and scale factor, using electromagnetic parameter approach method, electromagnetic parameter rule of three or reflection system
Any one method in number approximatioss obtains electromagnetism contracting than the thickness of material and the adding proportion of biology base electromagnetic particle, preparation
Material is compared in electromagnetism contracting；
The biology base electromagnetic particle is prepared using compound bio restriction molding technique；The compound bio restriction molding work
Skill is the composite molding technique that chemical plating process and gas-phase deposition combine；The chemical plating process refers to magnetically soft alloy
It is plated on the surface of biological particle, obtains electromagnetic particle；The gas-phase deposition refers to by being vapor-deposited in electromagnetic particle table
Bread covers high magnetic material.
2. the earth background electromagnetism contracting according to claim 1 based on bio-based materials is than the preparation method of material, special
Sign is, in the first step, earth background electromagnetic parameter testing is prepared into standard coaxial sample by acquisition earth material
Part is tested using vector network analyzer, obtains the opposite complex dielectric constant and opposite complex permeability of earth background.
3. the earth background electromagnetism contracting according to claim 1 based on bio-based materials is than the preparation method of material, special
Sign is, in the second step, the reflection coefficient of earth background calculates as follows:
By opposite complex dielectric constant and opposite complex permeability, is calculated using formula (1) and (2), obtain earth background material
Wave impedance Z and propagation constant γ；
In formula (1), εeffFor opposite complex dielectric constant, in formula (2), μeffFor opposite complex permeability；In formula (1) and formula (2),
γ is propagation constant of the electromagnetic wave in earth background material, and Z is the wave impedance of earth background material, k0It is electromagnetic wave in vacuum
In wave number, k0It is calculated and is obtained using formula (3)；
k0=2 π f/c (3)
In formula (3), f is the frequency of electromagnetic wave in a vacuum, and c is the spread speed of electromagnetic wave in a vacuum；
Different earth background thickness is set, is calculated using formula (4) and formula (5), the anti-of the earth background under fixed frequency is obtained
Penetrate coefficients R；
In formula (4) and formula (5), j indicates the imaginary part factor, j2=-1, R is reflection coefficient, and T is transmission coefficient, and d is earth background
Thickness, γ are propagation constant of the electromagnetic wave in earth background material.
4. the earth background electromagnetism contracting according to claim 1 based on bio-based materials is than the preparation method of material, special
Sign is, the magnetically soft alloy is CoNiP, and the biological particle is spirulina, spherical algae, any one in piece diatom
Kind, the high magnetic material is Ni (CO)5Or Fe (CO)5。
5. the earth background electromagnetism contracting according to claim 1 based on bio-based materials is than the preparation method of material, special
Sign is that specific step is as follows for the chemical plating process:
Step 1: magnetically soft alloy plating solution and biological particle being fully warmed-up at 80 DEG C~90 DEG C respectively, internal temperature is made to reach 80 DEG C
~90 DEG C, adjustment pH is 8~10；
Step 2: biological particle is added in magnetically soft alloy plating solution in the case where being stirred continuously, reaction is immediately placed in after starting
In 70 DEG C~80 DEG C of environment, it is stirred continuously to fully reacting, is formed particles coated；
Step 3: being cleaned using dehydrated alcohol to particles coated；
Step 4: heating, vacuum is dry in 120 DEG C~150 DEG C, takes out after 4~8 hours, obtains electromagnetic particle.
6. the earth background electromagnetism contracting according to claim 1 based on bio-based materials is than the preparation method of material, special
Sign is that specific step is as follows for the gas-phase deposition:
Step 1: high magnetic material being heated to above to the temperature of high magnetic material boiling point, keeps the high magnetic material steam rapid
Metallic particles and CO gas are resolved into, electromagnetic particle described in step 4 is placed in reaction chamber, reaction chamber temperature is heated to
250 DEG C and guarantee that its temperature is constant；
Step 2: passing to nitrogen in reaction chamber, metallic particles described in step 1 is dispersed with stirring, is made described in step 4
Electromagnetic particle surface depositing metal particles；
Step 3: after the completion of deposition process, continuing logical nitrogen until being cooled to room temperature；
Step 4: the electromagnetic particle for the surface depositing metal particles that reaction obtains being cleaned with dehydrated alcohol, is done after filtering
It is dry, obtain biology base electromagnetic particle.
7. the earth background electromagnetism contracting according to claim 1 based on bio-based materials is than the preparation method of material, special
Sign is that the electromagnetism contracting is that material is compared in the contracting of planar structure-type electromagnetism than material；
Than material, specific preparation process is as follows for the planar structure-type electromagnetism contracting:
Step 1: choosing the mixture that sprayed on material is polyurethane and biology base electromagnetic particle, the average piece of biology base electromagnetic particle
Diameter is 40 μm~200 μm, and the quality addition of polyurethane and biology base electromagnetic particle is than being 10%~45%；
Step 2: the quality addition of addition diluent and coupling agent, diluent and polyurethane is than being 1:0.5~1:1.2, coupling agent
Mass ratio relative to biology base electromagnetic particle is 1%~2%, and above-mentioned sprayed on material is stirred, and is uniformly mixed；
Step 3: polyisocyanic acid acid esters or polyurethane curing agent are added in the mixing sprayed on material that step 2 obtains, described is more
The addition of the quality of isocyanic acid acid esters or polyurethane curing agent and polyurethane is sprayed at polyester than being 10% by the way of spraying
The surface of film, wherein polyester film with a thickness of 0.08mm~0.1mm, coating spraying with a thickness of 0.2mm~5mm, obtain electricity
Material is compared in magnetic contracting.
8. the earth background electromagnetism contracting according to claim 1 based on bio-based materials is than the preparation method of material, special
Sign is that the electromagnetism contracting is that material is compared in the contracting of curved-surface structure type electromagnetism than material；
Than material, specific preparation process is as follows for the curved-surface structure type electromagnetism contracting:
Step 1: thickness and size after determining contracting ratio according to scale factor establish formpiston template die of the contracting than earth background
Type carries out three-dimensionally shaped processing to formpiston Slab using thermoplastic material PLA or nylon as printed material；
Step 2: choosing the mixture that mould material is fluid silicone rubber and biology base electromagnetic particle, determine fluid silicone rubber and life
The quality addition of object base electromagnetic particle is than being 0~60%；
Step 3: mould material being mixed, incorporation time is 20~30min, and mixing speed is 100~300r/min, is uniformly mixed
Silicon rubber curing agent is added afterwards, and for the quality addition with silicon rubber than being 2~10%, mixing speed is 200~300r/min, stirring
Time is 1~2min, is uniformly mixed, and rubber compound is obtained；
Step 4: rubber compound being cast in formpiston board mold, silicon rubber solidification is waited, then demoulding and deburring processing, obtain bent
Material is compared in structural type electromagnetism contracting in face.
9. the earth background electromagnetism contracting according to claim 8 based on bio-based materials is than the preparation method of material, special
Sign is that the specific quality of the fluid silicone rubber and biology base electromagnetic particle adds the side than using according to the 4th step
The density of method and fluid silicone rubber and biology base electromagnetic particle determines.
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