CN110329534B - Trailer type pneumatic ejection device - Google Patents
Trailer type pneumatic ejection device Download PDFInfo
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- CN110329534B CN110329534B CN201910743612.2A CN201910743612A CN110329534B CN 110329534 B CN110329534 B CN 110329534B CN 201910743612 A CN201910743612 A CN 201910743612A CN 110329534 B CN110329534 B CN 110329534B
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- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 101000606504 Drosophila melanogaster Tyrosine-protein kinase-like otk Proteins 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64F—GROUND OR AIRCRAFT-CARRIER-DECK INSTALLATIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH AIRCRAFT; DESIGNING, MANUFACTURING, ASSEMBLING, CLEANING, MAINTAINING OR REPAIRING AIRCRAFT, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; HANDLING, TRANSPORTING, TESTING OR INSPECTING AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B64F1/00—Ground or aircraft-carrier-deck installations
- B64F1/04—Ground or aircraft-carrier-deck installations for launching aircraft
- B64F1/06—Ground or aircraft-carrier-deck installations for launching aircraft using catapults
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a trailer type pneumatic ejection device which comprises a chassis, a guide rail, an ejection pulley, an air cylinder, a pulley block, a traction cable and a hydraulic oil cylinder, wherein the chassis is provided with a plurality of guide rails; the bottom of the chassis is fixedly provided with a horizontal adjusting support leg and a tire, the chassis is also fixedly provided with a bracket, the front end of the bracket is fixedly provided with a hydraulic cylinder, the rear end of the bracket is fixedly provided with a trailer hook, an ejection pulley is in rolling connection with a guide rail groove on a guide rail, an air cylinder is fixedly arranged in the guide rail, the air cylinder is connected to the ejection pulley through a traction cable and a pulley block, a movable pulley block is fixedly connected to the exposed end of a piston rod of the air cylinder, and a static pulley block is fixedly connected to the front end surface of the interior of the guide rail; the scheme creatively designs the double-piston type cylinder with positive pressure air buffering and capable of automatically discharging residual pressure, which integrates the functions of air storage, energy storage and acceleration movement, and provides a novel buffering braking solution in an overshoot mode, and the system can provide higher off-track speed under a shorter stroke and has excellent overload characteristic.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicle ejection, and particularly relates to a trailer type pneumatic ejection device.
Background
Catapult-assisted take-off is one of the main take-off modes of fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles in recent years, and the unmanned aerial vehicle can be accelerated to an off-track speed only by a motion guide rail with a limited length, and can be divided into rubber band catapulting, pneumatic catapulting, rocket catapulting, gas-liquid catapulting and the like according to different power sources. The pneumatic ejection has been widely focused and applied in the field of unmanned aerial vehicles at home and abroad due to the advantages of high off-track speed, low overload, stable performance, convenient operation, high cost performance and the like. However, the existing pneumatic ejection device often has the following problems: (1) The whole device is too heavy in composition, and the device main body is not foldable and not adjustable in balance, so that the device has no power-driven transportation and rapid operation capabilities; (2) At the tail end of the acceleration process, the air cylinder does not have the function of automatically discharging residual pressure, and the pressure is discharged only by controlling the on-off of the air channel through an electromagnetic valve or a manual valve, so that the operation efficiency of continuous ejection is reduced; (3) Most of the buffering modes only adopt a hydraulic buffer or a ribbon block, however, the hydraulic buffer can only absorb the impact energy when the movement speed is less than 4m/s, the ribbon is only suitable for absorbing energy under the conditions of small speed and small weight, the service life is shorter, and the hydraulic buffer is not suitable for buffering and decelerating under the condition of high speed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a trailer type pneumatic ejection device. The technical problems to be solved by the invention are realized by the following technical scheme:
A trailer type pneumatic ejection device comprises a chassis, a guide rail, an ejection pulley, an air cylinder, a pulley block, a traction cable and a hydraulic cylinder; the horizontal adjusting support leg and the tire are fixedly arranged at the bottom of the chassis, the bracket is further fixedly arranged on the chassis, the hydraulic oil cylinder is fixedly arranged at the upper front end of the bracket, the trailer hook is fixedly arranged at the upper rear end of the bracket, the ejection pulley is connected in a guide rail groove on the guide rail in a rolling way, the air cylinder is fixedly arranged in the guide rail, the air cylinder is connected onto the ejection pulley through the traction cable and the pulley block, and the pulley block is fixedly connected onto the front end face of the guide rail.
Further, the guide rail comprises a fixed guide rail section, a front end folding section and a rear end folding section, the front end folding section and the rear end folding section are respectively connected with the front end and the rear end of the fixed guide rail section through hinges, the front end and the rear end of the fixed guide rail section are further provided with locking buckles for locking the front end folding section and the rear end folding section, the front end folding section and the rear end folding section are connected with the telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder in a sliding mode through the front end bottom of the fixed guide rail section, and the rear end of the fixed guide rail section is connected to the bracket through a rotating bearing.
Further, the ejection pulley consists of a fixed plate, an outer bearing and an inner bearing, wherein the outer bearing and the inner bearing are fixedly arranged below the fixed plate, and a horizontal supporting wall of a guide rail groove of the guide rail is positioned between the outer bearing and the inner bearing of the ejection pulley.
Further, the cylinder comprises a cylinder barrel, a front end cover and a rear end cover are respectively and fixedly arranged on the front end face and the rear end face of the cylinder barrel, a middle end cover is arranged in the middle of the cylinder barrel, and two air injection holes are formed in the middle end cover; a front piston and a rear piston are further arranged in the cylinder barrel, the front piston is fixedly connected with a piston rod, and the piston rod penetrates through the front end cover and the middle end cover and is connected with a traction cable; the front end cover is provided with an air inlet, an air guide rod is arranged in the air inlet, one end of the air guide rod is connected with a release cylinder, and the release cylinder provides kinetic energy for the air guide rod through expansion and contraction, so that the air guide rod blocks or opens a plurality of air injection holes positioned on the middle end cover; the rear end cover is provided with an exhaust hole, a reset plug is arranged in the exhaust hole, the reset plug is connected with a reset cylinder, and the reset cylinder enables the reset plug to block or open the exhaust hole positioned on the rear end cover of the cylinder through expansion and contraction.
Furthermore, the cylinder barrel is divided into a gas storage energy storage section, an acceleration movement section and a positive pressure gas buffer section by the front piston and the rear piston.
Further, the piston rod is a variable-diameter piston rod, wherein the thick rod section is completely positioned in the cylinder barrel, and the rod diameter is from/R to/R of the cylinder diameter; the thin rod section part of the piston rod is positioned in the cylinder barrel, and the rod diameter of the thin rod section part is from/R to/R of the cylinder diameter.
Furthermore, the front end cover is also provided with an ejection gas pressure acquisition hole for acquiring the gas pressure value of the gas storage and energy storage section in real time, the rear end cover is also provided with a safety hole and a positive pressure gas injection hole, when the pressure in the positive pressure gas buffer section is greater than the pressure set by the safety valve, the safety hole automatically exhausts, and the positive pressure gas injection hole is used for injecting pressure into the positive pressure gas buffer section; the exhaust hole is a circular protruding hole, and a reset hole is arranged on the protruding inner wall of the exhaust hole.
Further, the pulley block comprises a fixed pulley block, a movable pulley block, a guide pulley and an overshoot pulley, the movable pulley block is fixedly connected with the exposed end of the movable pulley block through a bolt, the fixed pulley mounting plate is welded and fixed on the front end face inside the fixed guide rail section, and the guide pulley and the overshoot pulley block are respectively connected with the inner cavity side plate of the fixed guide rail section through bolts.
Further, the front end cover, the middle end cover and the rear end cover extend outwards from the cylinder barrel and are fixedly connected with the inner wall of the fixed guide rail section.
Further, a plurality of blocking protrusions are arranged in the fixed guide rail section and used for fixing the release cylinder and the reset cylinder.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention has the main effects of providing a trailer type pneumatic ejection device, creatively designing a double-piston type cylinder with positive pressure air buffer capable of automatically discharging residual pressure, integrating the functions of air storage, energy storage and acceleration movement, and providing a novel buffer braking solution in an overshoot mode, wherein the system can provide higher off-track speed under a shorter stroke and has excellent overload characteristic. The front section and the rear section of the whole device can be folded and stored, and the trailer type chassis design is adopted, so that the device can be used for leveling and stabilizing during unfolding operation, and is convenient for motorized transportation in a storage state.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the pneumatic ejection device of the present invention in storage and transportation.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the deployment operation of the pneumatic ejection device of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the movement relationship of the ejector sled and the guide rail.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the overall effect of the cylinder of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the gas storage and accumulation stage of the cylinder of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the cylinder acceleration stage of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a sheave roping according to the invention.
Fig. 8 is a simplified diagram of a pulley roping 1:3 roping method.
Fig. 9 is a simplified diagram of pulley roping 1:4 roping.
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the buffering performance of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic view of the chassis structure of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a graph showing the maximum ejection speed versus ejection weight performance of the pneumatic ejection device of the present invention.
In the figure, the chassis is 1-, the horizontal adjusting support leg is 11-, the tire is 12-, the bracket is 13-, the trailer hook is 14-, the guide rail is 2-, the fixed guide rail is 21-, the front folding guide rail is 22-, the rear folding guide rail is 23-, the hinge is 3-ejection pulley is 24-, the outer bearing is 31-, the inner bearing is 32-, the cylinder is 4-, the cylinder barrel is 41-, the air storage and energy storage section is 411-the acceleration movement section is 412-the positive pressure air buffer section is 413-the front end cover is 42-the middle end cover is 44-the rear end cover is 451-the front piston is 452-the rear piston is 46-the piston rod, the air inlet is 47-the pressure collecting hole is 471-the safety valve hole is 472-the positive pressure air injection hole is 473-the reset hole is 48-the air guide rod is 49-the exhaust hole is 401-the air guide rod is 402-the air injection hole is 403-the release cylinder is 404-the reset cylinder is 405-the reset plug is 5-the pulley, the fixed pulley is 51-the fixed pulley block is 53-the movable pulley is 53-the guide pulley is 54-the push pulley is 6-traction cable is 8-the hydraulic cylinder is 8-the lock is locked.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "front", "rear", "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "top", "bottom", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a trailer type pneumatic ejection device comprises a chassis 1, a guide rail 2, an ejection pulley 3, a cylinder 4, a pulley block 5, a traction cable 6 and a hydraulic cylinder 7; the bottom of the chassis 1 is fixedly provided with a horizontal adjusting supporting leg 11 and a tire 12, the chassis 1 is also fixedly provided with a bracket 13, the front end of the bracket 13 is fixedly provided with a hydraulic cylinder 7, the rear end of the bracket 13 is fixedly provided with a trailer hook 14, the guide rail groove on the guide rail 2 is slidingly connected with an ejection pulley 3, the inside of the guide rail 2 is fixedly provided with a cylinder 4, the cylinder 4 is connected onto the ejection pulley 3 through a traction cable 6 and a pulley block 5, and the pulley block 5 is fixedly connected onto the front end surface of the inside of the guide rail 2.
The guide rail 2 comprises a fixed guide rail section 21, a front end folding section 22 and a rear end folding section 23, the front end folding section 22 and the rear end folding section 23 are respectively connected with the front end and the rear end of the fixed guide rail section 21 through hinges 24, the front end and the rear end of the fixed guide rail section 21 are further provided with locking buckles 8 for locking the front end folding section 22 and the rear end folding section 23, the front end folding section 22 and the rear end folding section 23 are slidably connected with the telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder 7 through the front end bottom of the fixed guide rail section 21, and the rear end of the fixed guide rail section 21 is connected onto the bracket 13 through a rotating bearing.
As shown in fig. 3, the ejection pulley 3 is composed of a fixed plate, an outer bearing 31 and an inner bearing 32, the outer bearing 31 and the inner bearing 32 are fixedly arranged below the fixed plate, and the horizontal supporting wall of the guide rail groove of the guide rail 2 is positioned between the outer bearing 31 and the inner bearing 32 of the ejection pulley 3.
As shown in fig. 4-7, the cylinder 4 comprises a cylinder 41, a front end cover 42 and a rear end cover 45 are respectively and fixedly arranged on the front end surface and the rear end surface of the cylinder 41, a middle end cover 43 is arranged in the middle of the cylinder 41, and two air injection holes 402 are formed in the middle end cover 43; a front piston 451 and a rear piston 452 are further arranged in the cylinder 41, the front piston 451 is fixedly connected with the piston rod 46, and the piston rod 46 passes through the front end cover 42 and the middle end cover 43 and is connected with the traction cable 6; an air inlet hole 47 is formed in the front end cover 42, an air guide rod 401 is arranged in the air inlet hole 47, one end of the air guide rod 401 is connected with a release cylinder 403, and the release cylinder 403 provides kinetic energy for the air guide rod 401 through expansion and contraction, so that the air guide rod 401 blocks or opens 2 air injection holes 402 positioned on the middle end cover; the rear end cover 44 is provided with an exhaust hole 49, a reset plug 405 is arranged in the exhaust hole 49, the reset plug 405 is connected with a reset cylinder 404, and the reset cylinder 404 enables the reset plug 405 to block or open the exhaust hole 49 positioned on the rear end cover 44 of the cylinder through expansion and contraction.
The cylinder 41 is divided into a gas storage section 411, an acceleration movement section 412 and a positive pressure gas buffer section 413 by a front piston 451 and a rear piston 452 inside the cylinder 41.
The piston rod 46 is a variable diameter piston rod, wherein the thick rod section is completely positioned inside the cylinder 41, and the rod diameter is 1/4R to 1/5R of the cylinder diameter; the thin section of the piston rod 46 is located in the cylinder tube 41, and its rod diameter is 1/8R to 1/10R of the cylinder diameter.
The front end cover 42 is also provided with an ejection gas pressure acquisition hole 471 for acquiring the gas pressure value of the gas storage and energy storage section 411 in real time, the rear end cover 44 is also provided with a safety hole 472 and a positive pressure gas injection hole 473, when the pressure in the positive pressure gas buffer section 413 is greater than the pressure set by the safety valve, the safety hole 472 automatically exhausts, and the positive pressure gas injection hole 473 is used for injecting pressure into the positive pressure gas buffer section 413; the vent hole 49 is a circular protruding hole, and a reset hole 48 is formed on the protruding inner wall of the vent hole.
As shown in fig. 8-10, the pulley block 5 comprises a fixed pulley block 51, a movable pulley block 52, a guide pulley 53 and an overshoot pulley 54, wherein the movable pulley block 52 is fixedly connected with the exposed end of the piston rod 46 through bolts, a fixed pulley 51 mounting plate is welded and fixed on the front end surface inside the fixed guide rail section 21, and the guide pulley 53 and the overshoot pulley 54 are respectively connected with the inner cavity side plate of the fixed guide rail section 21 through bolts.
The front end cover 42, the middle end cover 43 and the rear end cover 44 extend to the outside of the cylinder 41 for fixedly connecting the inner walls of the fixed rail sections 21.
A plurality of blocking protrusions are provided inside the fixed rail section 21 for fixing the release cylinder 403 and the reset cylinder 404.
As shown in fig. 11, the horizontal adjusting legs 11 are respectively installed around the front and rear end surfaces of the bracket 13 through quick-release pins, and are used for supporting the catapulting device body on one hand; on the other hand, during unfolding operation, the supporting legs are adjusted according to the situation of the terrain, so that the bracket is in a horizontal balance state, and the dynamic stability during ejection is enhanced; the bracket 13 is used as a main carrier of the catapult body and a mounting platform of the tire and is fastened on the corresponding carrier through welding and bolts; the trailer hook 14 is arranged in the middle of the tail part of the bracket by welding, and is locked and connected by a fastening pin when a trailer hole on the trailer hook is overlapped with a trailer hole of the trailer; the fixed guide rail section 21 is a straight and smooth track which is symmetrical left and right and is used as a main motion platform of the ejection trolley on one hand and forms a main body frame of the ejection device on the other hand so as to be connected with structures such as an internal cylinder and the like; the front end cover 42 and the rear end cover 44 are respectively arranged on the front end face and the rear end face of the cylinder 41 and are fixedly connected to the inner surface of the bottom of the main body frame of the guide rail 2 through bolts; the gas injection holes 402 are located on both sides of the central through hole of the cylinder middle end cover 43; the locking buckles 8 are respectively arranged on the left side surface and the right side surface of the fixed guide rail section 21 by bolts and are used for locking and closing the folding guide rail and unfolding the folding guide rail.
Main functions of each part
Base 1: the base 1 is used for bearing the ejector body and other matched equipment, such as a tool box, a generator, an air compressor and the like, and can be integrated on the base. In the storage and transportation state, the leveling support legs 11 are stored and rotated by 90 degrees, so that the mobile transportation is convenient; under the unfolding operation state, the heights of the supporting legs are respectively adjusted according to the topography condition, so that the bracket is in a horizontal balance state, and the dynamic stability during ejection is enhanced.
Guide rail 2: the guide rail 2 is used as a motion platform for bearing the unmanned aerial vehicle ejection pulley. The guide rail is composed of a middle fixed guide rail section 21 and folding guide rails 22 and 23 at the front end and the rear end, wherein the folding operation of the folding guide rails of the front section and the rear section can be realized by the rotary hinges 24 through the folding guide rails 22 and 23 of the front section and the rear section. When the folding section is fully unfolded, the front and rear end guide rail sections 22, 23 are respectively connected with the fixed section guide rail section 21 to form a straight and smooth track.
Ejection pulley 3: the ejection pulley 3 is used for bearing the fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicle, the ejection pulley is connected with the guide rail through the upper rolling bearing and the lower rolling bearing, and the guide rail of the ejection device is positioned between the outer bearing 31 and the inner bearing 32. When ejection starts, the pulley is accelerated to move on the track under the action of the pulling force of the pulling rope 6; the buffer deceleration phase is entered when the ejector trolley 3 passes over the overshoot sheave 54, at which time the unmanned aerial vehicle will disengage from the trolley to complete take-off, and the ejector trolley 3 will gradually decelerate until stopping movement.
Cylinder 4: the cylinder 4 is connected inside the main body of the guide rail section 21 of the fixed section; the cylinder tube 41, the piston rod 46, the front end cover 42, the middle end cover 43 and the rear end cover 44. The cylinder 41 is a hollow cavity and is divided into a gas storage and energy storage section 411, an acceleration movement section 412 and a positive pressure gas buffer section 413; the front end cover 43 and the rear end cover 45 are respectively arranged on the front end face and the rear end face of the cylinder 41 and are fixed on the lower end face in the main body frame of the fixed guide rail 21 under the action of bolts; middle end cover 43 is positioned between gas storage and energy storage section 411 and acceleration movement section 412; the front piston 451 is sleeved on the inner side of the acceleration movement section and connected with the piston rod, and the rear piston 452 is sleeved on the inner side of the acceleration movement section and positioned at the rear end of the acceleration movement section; the piston rod 46 passes through the middle end cover 43 and the front end cover 42, and the two ends are respectively connected with the front piston 451 and the movable pulley block. The air inlet is positioned on the lower end face of the front end cover of the cylinder 41, the reset hole 401 is positioned on the lower end face of the rear end cover of the cylinder 41, the gas pressure acquisition hole is positioned on the lower end face of the front end cover of the cylinder 41, the exhaust hole is positioned in the middle of the rear end cover 44 of the cylinder 41, and the gas injection holes 402 are positioned on two sides of the central through hole of the end cover 43 in the cylinder 41. The air guide rod 401 is connected with the release cylinder 403 to control the opening and closing of the air injection hole 402. The reset cylinder 404 is connected to a gas plug 405 for controlling the closing of the exhaust holes.
Ejection stage ①: before ejection, the air guide rod 401 is firstly extended forwards under the action of the release air cylinder 403, and 2 air injection holes 402 on the end cover in the air cylinder are plugged; a large amount of high pressure gas is then injected into the gas storage section 411 of the cylinder through the gas inlet holes 47 to provide energy for the acceleration movement of the ejector trolley 3.
Ejection stage ②: when the external pressure acquisition equipment confirms that the gas pressure in the gas storage and energy storage section 411 of the cylinder reaches a required value P through the pressure acquisition hole 472, stopping air intake, and injecting compressed air with the pressure value ranging from 1/5P to 3/5P into the air inlet hole 473 of the rear end cover 44 of the cylinder 41; then the air guide rod is pulled back under the action of the release cylinder 403, the air injection hole 402 on the middle end cover 43 is opened, and the high-pressure air in the air storage and storage section 411 rapidly flows into the accelerating movement section of the cylinder 41 through the air injection hole of the middle end cover 43. At this time, the exhaust hole 49 of the rear end cover 44 of the cylinder 41 is in an open state, a large amount of high-pressure gas enters the accelerating movement section to push the piston to move backwards, the piston rod 46 drives the movable pulley block 52 to move backwards together, and the ejection pulley 3 is accelerated forwards under the action of the traction cable 6.
Ejection stage ③: at the end of the ejection process, the front piston 451 of the cylinder 41 will move to the end of the acceleration buffer section 412 and come into contact with the rear piston 452 located there, just before the ejection trolley 3 will move to the overshoot sheave 54 but still at a distance. Since the rear chamber has previously been charged with a certain positive pressure of gas through the inlet port 471 before ejection, the relative pressure value in the accelerating section 452 of the cylinder 41 will be significantly reduced after the double piston contacts. The design scheme of the double-piston type positive pressure air buffer plays a positive role in buffering and decelerating the ejection pulley 3 at the next moment.
Ejection stage ④: when the ejection pulley 3 continues to accelerate forward and reaches the position 54 of the overshoot pulley, the piston in the cylinder 41 drives the piston rod to continue to move backward, at this time, the thin rod part of the reducing piston rod 46 enters the cylinder 41 through the front end cover 42 of the cylinder 41, and as the diameter of the thin rod is a certain difference with the diameter of the central hole of the piston of the front end cover, an annular gap exists, and the residual high pressure in the cylinder energy storage section 411 automatically exhausts outwards through the gap. That is, the design of the reducing piston rod has the function of automatically discharging the residual high pressure in the cylinder 41 at the ejection end moment (but due to the short time, the cylinder will not be completely emptied, and a certain residual pressure is still present), which plays a positive role in the buffering and decelerating of the ejection sled 3 at the next moment.
Ejection stage ⑤: when the ejector trolley 3 continues to move forward and beyond the position of the overshoot sheave 54, the form of force on the traction cable 6 will be abrupt. On the one hand, the ejection pulley 3 has larger kinetic energy to continue to move forwards, and has acting force for pulling the cylinder piston 45 forwards; on the other hand, under the influence of the above design scheme, the air storage section 411 of the cylinder 41 discharges high-pressure air to the atmosphere, but due to the shorter time for the whole ejection process, the air storage section 411 still has a certain residual pressure, and the effect is to continue pushing the piston 45 to move backward. At this time, the kinetic energy of the ejection pulley 3 is large, the force of pulling out the piston 45 forward is large, and the residual pressure in the cylinder 41 is small, so that the piston 45 will receive the resultant force of forward movement to be firstly decelerated and stopped, and then reversely moved forward; while the ejector trolley 3 decelerates in a short stroke to a complete stop under the effect of this retarding force.
When the ejection pulley 3 is reset, the reset plug 405 is pushed forward by the reset cylinder 404 to block the exhaust hole 49 of the rear end cover 43 of the cylinder 41, the reset hole 48 of the rear end cover of the cylinder 41 is inflated, the high-pressure gas pushes the piston 451 to move forward, the piston rod 46 drives the movable pulley block to move forward together, and the traction cable 6 is in an unconstrained free state. Since the ejection device has a certain angle, the ejection pulley 3 will return to the ejection initial position under the action of its own gravity. At this point, the inflation of the return hole 48 is stopped, and the vent hole 49 is opened and the residual pressure is released.
Pulley block 5: the pulley block 5 is composed of a set of fixed pulleys 51, a set of movable pulleys 52, a guide pulley 53 and an overshoot pulley 54. On a limited movement track, different speed increasing ratios are provided by the coordination of a rope winding method between a movable pulley and a static pulley, and traction force is provided by the movement of a cylinder piston, so that the ejection pulley reaches a preset off-track speed.
Traction cable 6: the device is used for connecting an ejection pulley and a pulley block and is used as a transmission medium of energy generated by the movement of a cylinder piston.
Hydraulic cylinder 7: the ejector is used for adjusting the ejection angle of the ejector and simultaneously supporting the whole ejection device together with the rear rotary joint.
The action mechanism of each part is as follows:
1. deployment:
As shown in fig. 2, the respective catches on the left and right surfaces of the fixed rail section 21 are opened, two sections of guide rails folded at the two ends of the upper surface of the fixed rail section are unfolded, and a straight and smooth section of track is formed with the fixed rail section after the two sections of guide rails are unfolded, so that the locking buckles 8 at the left and right ends of the fixed rail are locked.
4 Leveling supporting legs are unfolded around the bracket 13, and the supporting legs are adjusted according to the situation of the terrain so that the bracket is in a horizontal balance state, the dynamic stability during ejection is enhanced, and the ejector is in a stable emission area.
The unmanned aerial vehicle is placed on the ejection sled 3 and locked.
The hydraulic ram 7, which is located in the connection between the fixed rail section 21 and the carriage 13, is adjusted to the desired ejection angle.
2. Catapult-assisted take-off:
Before ejection, the air guide rod 401 is firstly extended forwards under the action of the release air cylinder 403 to plug the 2 air injection holes 402 on the end cover 43 in the air cylinder; then, a large amount of high-pressure gas is injected into the gas storage and energy storage section 411 of the cylinder through the gas inlet hole 47 positioned at the front end cover 42 so as to provide energy for accelerating the movement of the ejection pulley 3; and starting the engine of the unmanned aerial vehicle and adjusting the unmanned aerial vehicle to take off state.
When the external pressure acquisition equipment confirms that the gas pressure in the gas storage and energy storage section 411 of the cylinder reaches a required value P through the pressure acquisition hole, stopping air intake, and injecting compressed air with the pressure value ranging from 1/5P to 3/5P into the air inlet hole 47 of the rear end cover 44 of the cylinder; then the air guide rod is pulled back under the action of the release air cylinder 403, the air injection hole on the middle end cover 43 is opened, and the high-pressure air of the air storage and energy storage section 411 rapidly flows into the acceleration movement section of the air cylinder through the air injection hole 402 of the middle end cover 43; at this time, the exhaust hole 49 of the rear end cover 44 of the air cylinder is in an open state, a large amount of high-pressure air enters the accelerating movement section to push the piston to move backwards, the piston rod 46 drives the movable pulley block to move backwards together, and the ejection pulley 3 is accelerated forwards under the action of the traction cable 6.
When the ejection pulley 3 enters a buffering stage, two pistons in the cylinder are contacted, and the relative pressure in the cylinder is reduced under the action of the positive pressure gas buffering section; when the thin rod part of the variable-diameter piston rod enters the cylinder through the front end cover of the cylinder, an annular gap exists due to a certain difference between the diameter of the thin rod and the diameter of the central hole of the piston of the front end cover, and residual high pressure in the gas storage energy storage section 411 automatically exhausts outwards through the gap; finally, when the ejection pulley 3 exceeds the position of the overshoot pulley 54, the traction cable 6 is subjected to reverse acting force, the ejection pulley 3 is decelerated until stopping, and the aircraft breaks away from the ejection pulley 3 under the action of acceleration inertia and engine thrust to enter autonomous flight.
3. Ejection system reset
By pushing the reset plug forward through the reset cylinder 404, the exhaust hole 49 in the center of the cylinder rear end cover 44 is blocked, and the cylinder rear end cover reset hole is inflated, so that the high-pressure gas pushes the front piston 451 to move forward, and the piston rod 46 drives the movable pulley block 52 to move forward along with the front piston, so that the traction cable 6 is in a free state. Because of a certain angle during ejection, the ejection pulley 3 returns to the ejection initial position under the action of self gravity. At this point, the inflation of the reset orifice 48 is stopped and the vent 49 orifice is opened to release gas.
4. Storage and transportation
The front piston of the cylinder is retracted backwards for a certain distance, so that the ejection pulley is positioned at the middle section of the fixed guide rail
The lock catches at the two ends of the fixed guide rail section are opened, the two sections of folding guide rails at the two ends of the fixed guide rail section 21 are folded for 180 degrees to the upper surface of the fixed guide rail, and the two sections of folding guide rails are locked by the lock catches.
The leveling supporting legs are adjusted and retracted, and are fixed on the bracket through quick-release pins after rotating for 90 degrees.
The hydraulic cylinder 7 is adjusted to the desired transport angle.
The transmission scheme with different speed increasing ratios from 1:3 to 1:6 can be realized by different rope winding modes and pulley blocks 5.
The invention has the main effects of providing a trailer type pneumatic ejection device, creatively designing a double-piston type cylinder with positive pressure air buffer capable of automatically discharging residual pressure, integrating the functions of air storage, energy storage and acceleration movement, providing a novel buffer braking solution in an overshoot mode, providing a higher off-track speed under a shorter stroke by the system, having excellent overload characteristic, effectively solving the buffer braking problem of the existing ejection device/cylinder in the final stage of high-speed movement, and effectively improving the continuous operation efficiency by the design of automatically discharging residual pressure. Meanwhile, the front section and the rear section of the whole device in the scheme can be folded and stored, and the trailer type chassis design is adopted, so that the device can be used for leveling and stabilizing during unfolding operation, is convenient for motorized transportation in a storage state, and solves the problems that the existing ejection device is high in transportation difficulty and high in requirement on a transmitting field.
According to the scheme, a large number of catapulting tests are carried out, including heavy object catapulting tests and unmanned aerial vehicle catapulting and take-off operations, so that the advantages of high catapulting weight, high off-track speed, excellent buffering performance and the like of the device are fully verified, and the device is easy to fold, store and maneuver; the maximum weight and off-track speed performance curve that the pneumatic ejection device can eject is shown in fig. 12.
The foregoing is a further detailed description of the invention in connection with the preferred embodiments, and it is not intended that the invention be limited to the specific embodiments described. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several simple deductions or substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these should be considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A pneumatic ejection device of trailer type, its main characterized in that: comprises a chassis (1), a guide rail (2), an ejection pulley (3), a cylinder (4), a pulley block (5), a traction cable rope (6) and a hydraulic cylinder (7); the horizontal adjusting support leg (11) and the tire (12) are fixedly arranged at the bottom of the chassis (1), the bracket (13) is fixedly arranged on the chassis (1), the hydraulic cylinder (7) is fixedly arranged at the front end of the bracket (13), the trailer hook (14) is fixedly arranged at the rear end of the bracket (13), the ejection pulley (3) is connected in a rail groove on the rail (2) in a rolling way, the air cylinder (4) is fixedly arranged in the rail (2), the air cylinder (4) is connected onto the ejection pulley (3) through the traction cable (6) and the pulley block (5), and the pulley block (5) is fixedly connected onto the front end face in the rail (2); the cylinder (4) comprises a cylinder barrel (41), a front end cover (42) and a rear end cover (44) are respectively and fixedly arranged on the front end surface and the rear end surface of the cylinder barrel (41), a middle end cover (43) is arranged in the middle of the cylinder barrel (41), and two air injection holes (402) are formed in the middle end cover (43); a front piston (451) and a rear piston (452) are further arranged in the cylinder barrel (41), the front piston (451) is fixedly connected with the piston rod (46), and the piston rod (46) penetrates through the front end cover (42) and the middle end cover (43) and is connected with a traction cable (6); an air inlet hole (47) is formed in the front end cover (42), an air guide rod (401) is arranged in the air inlet hole (47), one end of the air guide rod (401) is connected with a release cylinder (403), and the release cylinder (403) provides kinetic energy for the air guide rod (401) through expansion and contraction, so that the air guide rod blocks or opens 2 air injection holes (402) positioned on the middle end cover (43); the rear end cover (44) is provided with an exhaust hole (49), a reset plug (405) is arranged in the exhaust hole (49), the reset plug (405) is connected with a reset cylinder (404), and the reset cylinder (404) enables the reset plug (405) to block or open the exhaust hole (49) positioned on the rear end cover (44) of the cylinder through expansion and contraction; the cylinder barrel (41) is divided into a gas storage and energy storage section (411), an acceleration movement section (412) and a positive pressure gas buffer section (413) by a front piston (451) and a rear piston (452) from the inside of the cylinder barrel (41); the piston rod (46) is a variable-diameter piston rod, wherein the thick rod section is completely positioned in the cylinder barrel (41), and the rod diameter is 1/4R to 1/5R of the cylinder diameter; the thin rod section part of the piston rod (46) is positioned in the cylinder barrel (41), and the rod diameter is 1/8R to 1/10R of the cylinder diameter; the front end cover (42) is also provided with an ejection gas pressure acquisition hole (471) for acquiring the gas pressure value of the gas storage and energy storage section (411) in real time, the rear end cover (44) is also provided with a safety hole (472) and a positive pressure gas injection hole (473), when the pressure in the positive pressure gas buffer section (413) is greater than the pressure set by the safety valve, the safety hole (472) automatically exhausts, and the positive pressure gas injection hole (473) is used for injecting pressure into the positive pressure gas buffer section (413); the exhaust hole (49) is a circular protruding hole, and a reset hole (48) is arranged on the protruding inner wall of the exhaust hole.
2. A trailer pneumatic ejection device as in claim 1, wherein: the guide rail (2) comprises a fixed guide rail section (21), a front end folding section (22) and a rear end folding section (23), the front end folding section (22) and the rear end folding section (23) are respectively connected with the front end and the rear end of the fixed guide rail section (21) through hinges (24), the front end and the rear end of the fixed guide rail section (21) are further provided with locking buckles (8) for locking the front end folding section (22) and the rear end folding section (23), the front end folding section (22) and the rear end folding section (23) are connected with the telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder (7) through the front end bottom sliding of the fixed guide rail section (21), and the rear end of the fixed guide rail section (21) is connected onto the bracket (13) through a rotating bearing.
3. A trailer pneumatic ejection device as in claim 1, wherein: the ejection pulley (3) consists of a fixed plate, an outer bearing (31) and an inner bearing (32), wherein the outer bearing (31) and the inner bearing (32) are sequentially fixed below the fixed plate, and the horizontal supporting wall of a guide rail groove of the guide rail (2) is positioned between the outer bearing (31) and the inner bearing (32) of the ejection pulley (3).
4. A trailer pneumatic ejection device as in claim 1, wherein: the pulley block (5) comprises a fixed pulley block (51), a movable pulley block (52) and a guide pulley (53) and an overshoot pulley (54), wherein the movable pulley block (52) is fixedly connected with the exposed end of a piston rod (46) through bolts, a fixed pulley block (51) mounting plate is welded and fixed on the front end face inside a fixed guide rail section (21), and the guide pulley (53) and the overshoot pulley (54) are respectively connected with an inner cavity side plate of the fixed guide rail section (21) through bolts.
5. A trailer pneumatic ejection device as in claim 1, wherein: the front end cover (42), the middle end cover (43) and the rear end cover (44) extend to the outer side of the cylinder barrel (41) and are used for fixedly connecting the inner wall of the fixed guide rail section (21).
6. A trailer pneumatic ejection device as in claim 2, wherein: a plurality of blocking protrusions are arranged in the fixed guide rail section (21) and used for fixing the release cylinder (403) and the reset cylinder (404).
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| CN201910743612.2A CN110329534B (en) | 2019-08-13 | 2019-08-13 | Trailer type pneumatic ejection device |
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| CN201910743612.2A CN110329534B (en) | 2019-08-13 | 2019-08-13 | Trailer type pneumatic ejection device |
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