CN110318912A - 一种改善天然气发动机动态响应的补气装置及补气方法 - Google Patents
一种改善天然气发动机动态响应的补气装置及补气方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明的目的在于提供一种改善天然气发动机动态响应的补气装置及补气方法，包括LNG液罐、汽化器、燃气喷射阀、混合器、压气机、涡轮、储气罐，LNG液罐连接汽化器，汽化器通过稳压器、燃汽滤清器连接燃气喷射阀，燃气喷射阀连接混合器，压气机与涡轮同轴，压气机通过进气道连接中冷器，中冷器通过节气门连接混合器，混合器连接天然气发动机，天然气发动机排气管连接涡轮，涡轮通过三通电磁阀分别连通储气罐和大气，储气罐分别连接电动压缩机和补气管，补气管连接进气道。本发明在天然气发动机的负荷变化后，能迅速补充所需空气量，提升动态响应。加载工况下，可以在满足空燃比运行条件下提升动态响应。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种发动机装置及控制方法，具体地说是天然气发动机装置及控制方法。
背景技术
随着排放法规逐渐严格，传统柴油机在船舶运输业上的应用面临越来越大的挑战。为了改善和保护环境，不少国家开始研究应用于传统发动机的代用燃料。其中，天然气因为发热量高、排放清洁、储量大等特点而受到广泛关注。
天然气的常压着火温度约600-650℃，远高于柴油(280℃左右)，难以直接通过压燃方式着火燃烧，一般以柴油引燃或火花塞点燃。缸内燃烧过程为奥托循环，工况加载受瞬时空燃比限制，易发生爆震和失火现象。
天然气发动机存在低速扭矩不足、加载性差等缺陷。在加载工况下，燃气进入气缸参与燃烧，由于气体在排气管中具有可压缩性，涡轮转子需要几个工作过程后获得的能量才不断增加，但进气管也有一定容积，增压压力只能逐步提升。高负荷加载时受爆震限制，需控制精准空燃比，快速喷入大量燃气导致瞬时混合气过浓易造成发动机爆震现象，所以动态响应差，扭矩过渡到稳定工况时间长。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供克服天然气发动机动态响应差等缺陷的一种改善天然气发动机动态响应的补气装置及补气方法。
本发明的目的是这样实现的：
本发明一种改善天然气发动机动态响应的补气装置，其特征是：包括LNG液罐、汽化器、燃气喷射阀、混合器、压气机、涡轮、储气罐，LNG液罐连接汽化器，汽化器通过稳压器、燃汽滤清器连接燃气喷射阀，燃气喷射阀连接混合器，压气机与涡轮同轴，压气机通过进气道连接中冷器，中冷器通过节气门连接混合器，混合器连接天然气发动机，天然气发动机排气管连接涡轮，涡轮通过三通电磁阀分别连通储气罐和大气，储气罐分别连接电动压缩机和补气管，补气管连接进气道。
本发明一种改善天然气发动机动态响应的补气装置还可以包括：
1、补气管与压气机出口管通过三通混合阀相连，补气管上安装第一单向阀，储气罐与三通电磁阀之间安装第二单向阀，ECU分别连接天然气发动机、节气门、电动压缩机、车钟。
本发明一种改善天然气发动机动态响应的补气方法，其特征是：在低负荷加载工况时，压气机的增压延迟，使进入气缸的燃气与空气比例不符合天然气发动机运行标准，启动三通混合阀进行补气，储气罐中的高压气体通过第一单向阀、三通混合阀与增压后的空气一同进入中冷器中，当ECU接到车钟改变信号时控制节气门开度增加同时，进行补气，储气罐中的空气通过第一单向阀、三通混合阀通过补气道进入进气道，ECU根据天然气发动机反馈的运行参数，调整节气门开度与补气流量。
本发明一种改善天然气发动机动态响应的补气方法还可以包括：
1、高负荷加载时，天然气发动机受瞬时过量空气系数限制，需严格控制空燃比，当车钟发出加载信号后，燃气喷射阀加大燃气喷射量，同时打开三通混合阀，空气进入补气道，ECU根据排气管处的氧传感器计算空燃比来协调补气压力和流量。
2、当高负荷稳定工况运行时，打开三通电磁阀，使废气通过第二单向阀进入储气罐中，与压缩空气混合，废气中包含的换气过程中逃逸的天然气，这部分天然气与储气罐中空气混合在补气时一同进入气缸参与燃烧；保持储气罐中空气含量在80％以上，低于80％时，控制第二电磁阀使废气排入大气中。
本发明的优势在于：
1、能够对天然气发动机的负荷变化后，迅速补充所需空气量，提升动态响应。
2、在加载工况下，空气罐向混合器供气，以确保燃气喷射阀可以喷入大量燃气，在满足空燃比运行条件下提升动态响应。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图举例对本发明做更详细地描述：
结合图1，本发明一种改善天然气发动机动态响应的补气装置及补气方法，包括LNG液罐1、汽化器2、稳压器3、燃气滤清器4、燃气喷射阀5、压气机6、混合阀7、中冷器8、节气门9、混合器10、单向阀11、增压器12、电磁阀13、单向阀14、储气罐15、电动压缩机16、天然气发动机17、车钟18、ECU19。
该装置中冷器8前进气管处连接一个补气管，由ECU电控单元控制。
发动机负荷增加时，车钟18产生工况变化信号后，由ECU 19控制节气门开度，同时控制燃气喷射阀5与电磁阀11，控制空燃比的恒定。
发动机负荷减小时，ECU控制节气门开度减小，废气旁通阀打开的同时打开电磁阀13，减小涡轮的能量同时部分废气进入储气罐中，达到补气储存并减少换气过程逃逸天然气的损失。
液化天然气从LNG液罐1出来，依次经过管路进入汽化器2加热汽化，经过稳压罐3稳压后由燃气滤清器4滤清，之后由燃气喷射阀5控制进入混合器10中与增压后的空气混合，最后进入天然气发动机17气缸燃烧。燃气喷射阀5喷射的天然气流量由ECU 19根据发动机运行工况和进入气缸的空气量控制。
ECU 19是一个微缩了的计算机管理中心，它以信号(数据)采集作为输入，经过计算处理，分析判断，决定对策，然后发出控制指令，指挥执行器工作作为输出。
空气由压气机6增压后，进入中冷器8降低增压后空气的温度，然后通过节气门9进入混合器10与汽化的天然气混合，最后进入天然气发动机17气缸燃烧。
储气罐15中维持恒定的2～3bar压力，当储气罐15压力不足时，由ECU 19控制电动压缩机向储气罐15中输入压缩空气。
稳态工况下，天然气发动机17上的涡轮增压器能够提供足够的空气流量。在低负荷加载工况时，由于压气机6的增压延迟，使进入气缸的燃气与空气比例不符合天然气发动机运行标准，所以启动混合阀7使补气装置进行补气。储气罐中的高压气体通过单向阀11，混合阀7，与增压后的空气一同进入中冷器8中。当ECU 19电控单元接到车钟18改变信号时控制节气门9开度增加同时，启动补气装置进行补气。储气罐15中的空气通过单向阀11、混合阀7通过补气道进入进气道，进气道位于压气机6后，中冷器8前。ECU根据发动机反馈的运行参数，调整节气门开度与补气流量。
高负荷加载时，天然气发动机受瞬时过量空气系数限制，需严格控制空燃比。当车钟发出加载信号后，燃气喷射阀5加大燃气喷射量。同时打开补气通道，使空气进入补气道。ECU 19根据排气管处的氧传感器计算空燃比来协调补气压力和流量。
当高负荷稳定工况运行需要打开废气旁通阀时，打开电磁阀13，使废气通过单向阀14进入储气罐中15，与压缩空气混合。由于废气中含有换气过程中逃逸的天然气，这部分天然气也可与储气罐15中空气混合在补气时一同进入气缸参与燃烧。保持储气罐15中空气含量在80％以上，低于80％时，控制电磁阀13使废气排入大气中。
补气通道内的压力小于压气机后压力，以防损坏压气机
推动车钟18使发动机负荷变化时，ECU 19根据发动机状态控制节气门9开度并控制储气罐15向进气管补气。
当ECU 19接到车钟加载信号后，通过电控单元控制储气罐15向进气管补气，加载过程结束工况稳定后，关闭电磁阀11停止补气。
稳定工况时，关闭补气管处电磁阀11，启动电动压缩机16向储气罐15中补气，使补气罐15中压力稳定在2～3bar。
在高负荷工况稳定运行需要打开废气旁通阀时，由ECU控制电磁阀13，使部分废气进入储气罐中。当补气时，由换气过程逃逸的天然气也可参与燃烧。
电磁阀13由ECU控制，当储气罐中尾气浓度达到一定值时停止，保持储气罐中空气含量。使废气排入大气中。
Claims (5)
1.一种改善天然气发动机动态响应的补气装置，其特征是：包括LNG液罐、汽化器、燃气喷射阀、混合器、压气机、涡轮、储气罐，LNG液罐连接汽化器，汽化器通过稳压器、燃汽滤清器连接燃气喷射阀，燃气喷射阀连接混合器，压气机与涡轮同轴，压气机通过进气道连接中冷器，中冷器通过节气门连接混合器，混合器连接天然气发动机，天然气发动机排气管连接涡轮，涡轮通过三通电磁阀分别连通储气罐和大气，储气罐分别连接电动压缩机和补气管，补气管连接进气道。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种改善天然气发动机动态响应的补气装置，其特征是：补气管与压气机出口管通过三通混合阀相连，补气管上安装第一单向阀，储气罐与三通电磁阀之间安装第二单向阀，ECU分别连接天然气发动机、节气门、电动压缩机、车钟。
3.一种改善天然气发动机动态响应的补气方法，其特征是：在低负荷加载工况时，压气机的增压延迟，使进入气缸的燃气与空气比例不符合天然气发动机运行标准，启动三通混合阀进行补气，储气罐中的高压气体通过第一单向阀、三通混合阀与增压后的空气一同进入中冷器中，当ECU接到车钟改变信号时控制节气门开度增加同时，进行补气，储气罐中的空气通过第一单向阀、三通混合阀通过补气道进入进气道，ECU根据天然气发动机反馈的运行参数，调整节气门开度与补气流量。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种改善天然气发动机动态响应的补气方法，其特征是：高负荷加载时，天然气发动机受瞬时过量空气系数限制，需严格控制空燃比，当车钟发出加载信号后，燃气喷射阀加大燃气喷射量，同时打开三通混合阀，空气进入补气道，ECU根据排气管处的氧传感器计算空燃比来协调补气压力和流量。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的一种改善天然气发动机动态响应的补气方法，其特征是：当高负荷稳定工况运行时，打开三通电磁阀，使废气通过第二单向阀进入储气罐中，与压缩空气混合，废气中包含的换气过程中逃逸的天然气，这部分天然气与储气罐中空气混合在补气时一同进入气缸参与燃烧；保持储气罐中空气含量在80％以上，低于80％时，控制第二电磁阀使废气排入大气中。
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