CN110310747A - 一种能够实现冗余控制的铬涂层熔盐堆 - Google Patents
一种能够实现冗余控制的铬涂层熔盐堆 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种能够实现冗余控制的铬涂层熔盐堆,将铬材料均匀地涂抹至石墨慢化剂通道中,铬涂层的厚度为10微米到1厘米;在铬涂层熔盐堆的反射层中设置有5~18根调节控制棒;在堆芯中部设置有1~5根停堆控制棒;在铬涂层熔盐堆的堆芯入口处设置紧急存储回路,紧急存储回路由泵、存储罐、阀门以及连接的管路构成。本发明提出在石墨的表面涂抹铬涂层的办法,避免了石墨中局部热点的频繁发生。同时提出了堆芯中部停堆棒、反射层调节棒、紧急停堆存储回路等三种反应性控制方法,实现了冗余控制的目的,这使得本发明涉及的铬涂层熔盐堆具备更高的可靠性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及核工程领域,尤其涉及一种能够实现冗余控制的铬涂层熔盐堆。
背景技术
现有的石墨慢化剂熔盐堆活性区的熔盐容易渗透入石墨之中,这会导致石墨熔盐出现局部热点,进而导致石墨损坏。而更换石墨慢化剂是极为繁琐的工程,因此需要在反应堆运行过程中较好地保护石墨被熔盐渗入内部。此外,现有的石墨慢化剂熔盐堆都只有单一的反应性控制方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提供一种能够实现冗余控制的铬涂层熔盐堆。本发明为了保护石墨,提出在石墨的表面涂抹铬涂层的办法,将铬材料均匀地涂抹至石墨慢化剂通道中,隔离石墨与熔盐,使得熔盐不容易渗透入石墨之中,从而避免了石墨中局部热点的频繁发生。本发明提出了堆芯中部停堆棒、反射层调节棒、紧急停堆存储回路等三种反应性控制方法,实现了冗余控制的目的,这使得本发明涉及的铬涂层熔盐堆具备更高的可靠性。
本发明的目的能够通过以下技术方案实现:
一种能够实现冗余控制的铬涂层熔盐堆,将粉末状铬材料均匀地涂抹至石墨慢化剂通道中,铬涂层的厚度为10微米到1厘米;
在铬涂层熔盐堆的反射层中设置有5~18根调节控制棒,调节控制棒采用天然丰度的碳化硼材料制作成圆柱形;
在堆芯中部设置有1~5根停堆控制棒,停堆控制棒采用高丰度的碳化硼材料制作成圆柱形;
在铬涂层熔盐堆的堆芯入口处设置紧急存储回路,紧急存储回路由泵、存储罐、阀门以及连接的管路构成。
具体地,铬涂层用于隔离石墨和熔盐,使得熔盐不容易渗透入石墨之中,从而避免了石墨中局部热点的频繁发生。
具体地,堆芯中部的中子通量水平高,能够使得该区域的控制棒反应性当量最大,大部分情况下适合将堆芯中部的控制棒作为停堆棒使用,因此将这些设置在反应堆活性区中部的控制棒称之为停堆控制棒。在必要情况下,停堆控制棒也可以配合反射层中的调节控制棒一起控制棒堆芯功率分布。
具体地,调节控制棒之间的间隔相等以便于能够对称地吸收中子,从而避免中子注量率和堆芯功率发生畸变。
设置在反射层的调节控制棒主要起到功率调节的作用,考虑到起泵过程中因为熔盐流动会导致反应性损失,调节控制棒还能起到反应性补偿的作用,通过提升反射层中的调节控制棒来引入正反应性以抵消因为熔盐流动导致的反应性损失。在停堆控制棒出现卡棒的情况下,调节控制棒参与紧急停堆。
具体地,当需要紧急停堆而全部控制棒机构均无法正常执行安全功能时,紧急存储回路将从铬涂层熔盐堆抽取大量燃料盐并安全地存储在熔盐罐中,从而使得反应堆无法临界,实现紧急停堆。
本发明相较于现有技术,具有以下的有益效果:
1、本发明通过采用铬材料均匀地涂抹至石墨慢化剂通道中,有效地减少了熔盐向石墨内部渗透,避免了传统的熔盐堆内熔盐渗透入石墨导致石墨温度过高而损坏,提高了石墨的使用寿命。
2、本发明使用三种冗余反应性控制方法,即调节棒控制反应性、停堆棒控制反应性和紧急存储回路控制控制反应性,相较于传统反应堆使用单一控制棒来控制反应性,使得铬涂层熔盐堆具有更高的安全性。
附图说明
图1是反应堆中停堆控制棒以及调节控制棒的分布结构示意图。
图2是铬涂层熔盐堆紧急存储回路的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例及附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例
一种能够实现冗余控制的铬涂层熔盐堆,将铬材料均匀地涂抹至石墨慢化剂通道中,铬涂层的厚度为10微米到1厘米;
在铬涂层熔盐堆的反射层中设置有5~18根调节控制棒;
在堆芯中部设置有1~5根停堆控制棒;
在铬涂层熔盐堆的堆芯入口处设置紧急存储回路,紧急存储回路由泵、存储罐、阀门以及连接的管路构成。
如图1所示为停堆控制棒以及调节控制棒的分布图,用于紧急停堆的停堆控制棒在活性区的中部,大部分情况下,停堆控制棒在反应堆外部,不参与功率调节,仅在紧急情况下快速插入堆芯,使得反应堆能够实现紧急停堆。
用于功率调节的调节控制棒在堆芯外围的反射层中,一般情况下,调节控制棒用于调整其棒位来控制反应堆的反应性和功率分布,仅在停堆控制棒出现卡棒时,全部下插以实现紧急停堆。
如图2所示紧急存储回路的结构图,在反应堆及其主回路部分,主回路中流动着熔盐燃料,熔盐燃料在反应堆堆芯活性区发生核裂变反应达到临界。反应堆堆芯位于反应堆内部,堆芯由活性区及反射层构成,活性区由开孔的石墨慢化剂和熔盐构成,石墨慢化剂和熔盐的接触面图由10微米到1厘米厚的铬涂层,铬涂层能够有效放置熔盐渗透入石墨的内部,从而避免石墨局部热点的发生。
在反应堆的紧急存储回路部分,紧急存储回路不同于主回路,在正常运行过程中,紧急存储回路不参与运行,紧急存储回路的阀门在正常运行过程中也是常闭的。只有在停堆控制棒和调节控制棒无法正常下落入堆芯时,紧急存储回路的阀门以及泵才会开启,将主回路入口处的熔盐抽入紧急存储回路并保存于紧急存储回路的存储罐中,这样能够使得反应堆堆芯活性区的燃料无法达到临界质量,使得反应堆无法再次临界,实现紧急停堆的作用。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (1)
1.一种能够实现冗余控制的铬涂层熔盐堆,其特征在于,将铬材料均匀地涂抹至石墨慢化剂通道中,铬涂层的厚度为10微米到1厘米;
在铬涂层熔盐堆的反射层中设置有5~18根调节控制棒;
在堆芯中部设置有1~5根停堆控制棒;
在铬涂层熔盐堆的堆芯入口处设置紧急存储回路,紧急存储回路由泵、存储罐、阀门以及连接的管路构成。
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