CN110309607A - A kind of gate inflow-rate of water turbine calculation method - Google Patents
A kind of gate inflow-rate of water turbine calculation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of gate inflow-rate of water turbine calculation methods, preset a lock flow Q, by the measured value of water level before and after gate, pass through hydrodynamic force partial differential equations, solve the analogue value of water level before and after gate, and by it with the water level error of measured value with preset threshold compared with, and then the preset lock flow Q of adjustment, formula water level error is in preset threshold range, using current preset lock flow as accurate gate inflow-rate of water turbine.The method of the present invention has significant low-cost and high-precision advantage relative to existing gate overcurrent measuring method.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to water conservancy gate flow measurement technology fields, and in particular to a kind of gate inflow-rate of water turbine calculation method.
Background technique
Accurately know lock flow, be the important process in basin or irrigated areas administration, is counted using water level before and after gate
The lock flow for obtaining river or channel is calculated, is a kind of common flow acquisition methods.But this method be by basic or
Modified hydro science formula, hydro science formula belong to half theory-semiempirical type formula, and there are the physical significances such as constriction coefficient are unknown
Empirical undetermined parameter.Even if the time-consuming and laborious ground calibration parameter, value still can with the variation of water level before and after gate and
Thus variation, and revocable numerical value lead to the low precision of such method, the disadvantages of application cost is high.In addition, using ultrasonic wave
The methods of flowmeter can also obtain lock flow, but to obtain accurately lock flow data, current application is often 10
Ten thousand yuan or more, thus can not large-scale application, be not suitable with the development trend of current " wisdom water conservancy ".
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned deficiency in the prior art, gate inflow-rate of water turbine calculation method provided by the invention solves existing method
The time-consuming and laborious problem of middle determining gate inflow-rate of water turbine process.
In order to achieve the above object of the invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows: a kind of gate inflow-rate of water turbine calculation method, packet
Include following steps:
S1, the geometric parameter for obtaining river simultaneously construct corresponding geometrical model；
S2, the geometrical model according to river, building described the one-dimensional Saint-Venant equation of gate water sport process
Group；
S3, the measured water level ξ for obtaining river geometrical model middle and upper reaches pointup,o；
S4, setting lock flow Q；
S5, by measured water level ξup,oBoundary condition with current lock flow Q as one-dimensional Saint-Venant equation group,
It is solved, the mimic water-depth ξ of river point downstream is obtaineddown,s；
S6, the measured water level ξ for obtaining lower flow pointdown,o, and calculate itself and mimic water-depth ξdown,sWater level error value epsilondown；
S7, judge water level error value epsilondownAbsolute value whether be less than given threshold；
If so, using the lock flow Q currently set as gate inflow-rate of water turbine；
If it is not, then adjusting the lock flow Q currently set, and return step S5.
Further, in the step S1 geometric parameter in river include the geometric dimension of river channel cross section, longitudinal elevation,
The position in water sport direction and gate.
Further, the method for river geometrical model is constructed in the step S1 specifically:
A1, using gate position as the central axis of river geometrical model；
A2, using gate position as critical line, the upstream and downstream in river is determined according to water sport direction；
A3, river lock flow Q measurement point position and water level ξ measurement point position are staggeredly determined on river, and make river
River, at axial symmetry, is completed about position of strobe in the lock flow Q measurement point position and water level ξ measurement point position of upstream and downstream
The building of geometrical model.
Further, the one-dimensional Saint-Venant equation group in the step S2 are as follows:
In formula, ξ is earth's surface water level；
T is time coordinate；
Q is the inflow-rate of water turbine in river；
X is along river direction apart from coordinate；
U is the overcurrent speed in river；
G is acceleration of gravity；
A is the flow section area in river；
N is earth's surface roughness；
R is the hydraulic radius in river.
Further, the step S5 specifically:
S51, the measured water level ξ by point upstreamup,oWith current lock flow Q respectively as one-dimensional Saint-Venant equation
The upper boundary conditions and internal boundary condition of group；
S52, spatial spreading is longitudinally carried out along river, and using fully implicit solution finite volume method to the one-dimensional side Saint-Venant
Journey group progress space-time is discrete, obtains on space nodes about earth's surface water level ξ and inflow-rate of water turbine Q0Linear algebraic equation systems；
S53, linear algebraic equation systems are resolved, obtains the water level of any space nodes in river geometrical model；
S54, the measured water level ξ that river point upstream is chosen and obtained in the water level of any space nodesup,oWhen space
Mimic water-depth ξ of the water level of the corresponding river point downstream of node as river point downstreamdown,s。
Further, in the step S52, about earth's surface water level ξ and inflow-rate of water turbine Q on space nodes0Linear algebra side
Journey group are as follows:
In formula, η is the ratio of time discrete step-length and spatial spreading step-length square；
For the corresponding river flow section of boundary i-1/2 of space discrete nodes i in (n+1)th time discrete node
Area, wherein n is time discrete nodal scheme, and i is spatial spreading nodal scheme；
δ is that the variable that pth restrains between step and the convergence step of pth+1 is poor；
For space discrete nodes i in (n+1)th time discrete node boundary i-1 pth restrain step in when
Earth's surface water level；
It is restrained in step for the boundary i+1/2 of space discrete nodes i in (n+1)th time discrete node in pth
The inflow-rate of water turbine of Shi Hedao；
Δ t is time discrete step-length；
For space discrete nodes i in (n+1)th time discrete node boundary i+1/2 pth restrain step in when
The overcurrent speed of runner；
Δ x is spatial spreading step-length；
uiFor the overcurrent speed of spatial spreading node i；
α, β and λ are linear algebra coefficient；
Wherein,
Further, the measured water level ξ of flow point is descended in the step S6down,oMeasurement point and calculating mimic water-depth
ξdown,sIt is the same space node in river geometrical model.
Further, the threshold value set in the step S7 is 10-3。
Further, when water level error value epsilondownAbsolute value adjust the lock flow that currently sets when being greater than given threshold
The method of Q specifically:
Judge water level error value epsilondownWhether 0 is greater than；
If so, reducing the lock flow Q currently set；
If it is not, then increasing the lock flow Q currently set.
Further, the current gradient being decreased or increased for setting lock flow is 0.001m3/s。
Gate inflow-rate of water turbine calculation method provided by the invention, it is inclined by hydrodynamic force by the measured value of water level before and after gate
Differential equation group accurately obtains gate inflow-rate of water turbine, relative to existing gate overcurrent measuring method, have it is significantly low at
This high-precision advantage.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 provides gate inflow-rate of water turbine calculation method flow chart for the present invention.
Fig. 2 provides river geometrical model schematic diagram for the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the spatial spreading coordinate schematic diagram of river geometrical model provided by the invention.
Fig. 4 is the river geometric dimension schematic diagram in embodiment provided by the invention.
Specific embodiment
A specific embodiment of the invention is described below, in order to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art this hair
It is bright, it should be apparent that the present invention is not limited to the ranges of specific embodiment, for those skilled in the art,
As long as various change is in the spirit and scope of the present invention that the attached claims limit and determine, these variations are aobvious and easy
See, all are using the innovation and creation of present inventive concept in the column of protection.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of gate inflow-rate of water turbine calculation method, which comprises the following steps:
S1, the geometric parameter for obtaining river simultaneously construct corresponding geometrical model；
S2, the geometrical model according to river, building described the one-dimensional Saint-Venant equation of gate water sport process
Group；
S3, the measured water level ξ for obtaining river geometrical model middle and upper reaches pointup,o；
S4, setting lock flow Q；
S5, by measured water level ξup,oBoundary condition with current lock flow Q as one-dimensional Saint-Venant equation group,
It is solved, the mimic water-depth ξ of river point downstream is obtaineddown,s；
S6, the measured water level ξ for obtaining lower flow pointdown,o, and calculate itself and mimic water-depth ξdown,sWater level error value epsilondown；
Wherein descend the measured water level ξ of flow pointdown,oMeasurement point and calculating mimic water-depth ξdown,sIn river geometrical model
In be the same space node.
S7, judge water level error value epsilondownAbsolute value whether be less than given threshold；
If so, using the lock flow Q currently set as gate inflow-rate of water turbine；
If it is not, then adjusting the lock flow Q currently set, and return step S5.
The geometric parameter in river includes the geometric dimension of river channel cross section, longitudinal elevation, water sport side in above-mentioned steps S1
To the position with gate；Wherein, the method for river geometrical model is constructed specifically:
A1, using gate position as the central axis of river geometrical model；
A2, using gate position as critical line, the upstream and downstream in river is determined according to water sport direction；
A3, river lock flow Q measurement point position and water level ξ measurement point position are staggeredly determined on river, and make river
River, at axial symmetry, is completed about position of strobe in the lock flow Q measurement point position and water level ξ measurement point position of upstream and downstream
The building (as shown in Figure 2) of geometrical model.
One-dimensional Saint-Venant equation group in above-mentioned steps S2 are as follows:
In formula, ξ is earth's surface water level (m), ξ=h+Zb；Wherein, h is surface-water depth, ZbFor earth's surface relative elevation；
T is time coordinate (s)；
Q is the inflow-rate of water turbine (m in river3/s·m)；
X is along river direction apart from coordinate (m)；
U is the overcurrent speed (m/s) in river；
G is acceleration of gravity (m/s2), g=9.8；
A is the flow section area (m in river2)；
N is earth's surface roughness (m/s2)；
R is the hydraulic radius (m) in river.
Above-mentioned steps S5 specifically:
S51, the measured water level ξ by point upstreamup,oWith current lock flow Q respectively as one-dimensional Saint-Venant equation
The upper boundary conditions and internal boundary condition of group；
S52, spatial spreading (as shown in Figure 3) longitudinally is carried out along river, and using fully implicit solution finite volume method to one-dimensional
Saint-Venant equation group progress space-time is discrete, obtains on space nodes about earth's surface water level ξ and inflow-rate of water turbine Q0Linear generation
Number equation group；
Wherein, about earth's surface water level ξ and inflow-rate of water turbine Q on space nodes0Linear algebraic equation systems are as follows:
In formula, η is the ratio of time discrete step-length and spatial spreading step-length square；
For the corresponding river flow section of boundary i-1/2 of space discrete nodes i in (n+1)th time discrete node
Area, wherein n is time discrete nodal scheme, and i is spatial spreading nodal scheme；
δ is that the variable that pth restrains between step and the convergence step of pth+1 is poor；
For space discrete nodes i in (n+1)th time discrete node boundary i-1 pth restrain step in when
Earth's surface water level；
It is restrained in step for the boundary i+1/2 of space discrete nodes i in (n+1)th time discrete node in pth
The inflow-rate of water turbine of Shi Hedao；
Δ t is time discrete step-length；
For space discrete nodes i in (n+1)th time discrete node boundary i+1/2 pth restrain step in when
The overcurrent speed of runner；
Δ x is spatial spreading step-length；
uiFor the overcurrent speed of spatial spreading node i；
α, β and λ are linear algebra coefficient；
Wherein,
S53, linear algebraic equation systems are resolved, obtains the water level of any space nodes in river geometrical model；
S54, the measured water level ξ that river point upstream is chosen and obtained in the water level of any space nodesup,oWhen space
Mimic water-depth ξ of the water level of the corresponding river point downstream of node as river point downstreamdown,s。
In above-mentioned steps S7, when water level error value epsilondownAbsolute value be greater than given threshold 10-3When adjustment currently set
The method of lock flow Q specifically:
Judge water level error value epsilondownWhether 0 is greater than；
If so, reducing the lock flow Q currently set；
If it is not, then increasing the lock flow Q currently set.
Usually the gradient delta Q of lock flow being decreased or increased currently is set as 0.001m3/s。
It should be noted that the method for the present invention is applicable not only to the determination of river inflow-rate of water turbine, it is equally applicable to rivers and canals and river
The lock flow of channel etc. determines.
In one embodiment of the invention, the specific reality that the calculating of gate inflow-rate of water turbine is carried out using the method for the present invention is provided
Example:
In this example, using the village Luquan great Li in the Hebei irrigated area Ye He as testing site, the above method is applied.It should
The check gate and canal bottom geometric dimension of testing site are shown in Fig. 4, wherein the gradient of channel two sides is 10 °, and canal cross section is cement slurry
Stone-laying plastering, therefore according to roughness value table in hydraulics, roughness value is taken as 0.025.Based on these channel geometric parameters, using essence
The flexible water-level gauge of the magnetic that degree is 1mm, measurement, which obtains multiple groups gate water levels of upstream and downstream value and calculates, obtains flowmeter, at the same time,
Flow value at the measuring point of downstream is obtained using ultrasonic current metre (German FLEXIM, model ADM5107,0.01~5m/s of range)
(table 1).By the table data it is found that with fabulous degree of fitting, (maximum is average opposite between simulation and the water levels of upstream and downstream of actual measurement
Error amount thus can get accurately lock flow less than 1%).
Table 1: the simulation of lock flow and measured value and lock flow under different water levels of upstream and downstream
The invention has the benefit that
Gate inflow-rate of water turbine calculation method provided by the invention, it is inclined by hydrodynamic force by the measured value of water level before and after gate
Differential equation group accurately obtains gate inflow-rate of water turbine, relative to existing gate overcurrent measuring method, have it is significantly low at
This high-precision advantage.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of gate inflow-rate of water turbine calculation method, which comprises the following steps:
S1, the geometric parameter for obtaining river simultaneously construct corresponding geometrical model；
S2, the geometrical model according to river, building described the one-dimensional Saint-Venant equation group of gate water sport process；
S3, the measured water level ξ for obtaining river geometrical model middle and upper reaches pointup,o；
S4, setting lock flow Q；
S5, by measured water level ξup,oBoundary condition with current lock flow Q as one-dimensional Saint-Venant equation group, to it
It is solved, obtains the mimic water-depth ξ of river point downstreamdown,s；
S6, the measured water level ξ for obtaining lower flow pointdown,o, and calculate itself and mimic water-depth ξdown,sWater level error value epsilondown；
S7, judge water level error value epsilondownAbsolute value whether be less than given threshold；
If so, using the lock flow Q currently set as gate inflow-rate of water turbine；
If it is not, then adjusting the lock flow Q currently set, and return step S5.
2. gate inflow-rate of water turbine calculation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the geometry in river in the step S1
Parameter include the geometric dimension of river channel cross section, longitudinal elevation, water sport direction and gate position.
3. gate inflow-rate of water turbine calculation method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that it is several to construct river in the step S1
The method of what model specifically:
A1, using gate position as the central axis of river geometrical model；
A2, using gate position as critical line, the upstream and downstream in river is determined according to water sport direction；
A3, river lock flow Q measurement point position and water level ξ measurement point position are staggeredly determined on river, and make river upstream
River geometry is completed at axial symmetry about position of strobe with the lock flow Q measurement point position in downstream and water level ξ measurement point position
The building of model.
4. gate inflow-rate of water turbine calculation method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that one-dimensional in the step S2
Saint-Venant equation group are as follows:
In formula, ξ is earth's surface water level；
T is time coordinate；
Q is the inflow-rate of water turbine in river；
X is along river direction apart from coordinate；
U is the overcurrent speed in river；
G is acceleration of gravity；
A is the flow section area in river；
N is earth's surface roughness；
R is the hydraulic radius in river.
5. gate inflow-rate of water turbine calculation method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the step S5 specifically:
S51, the measured water level ξ by point upstreamup,oWith current lock flow Q respectively as one-dimensional Saint-Venant equation group
Upper boundary conditions and internal boundary condition；
S52, spatial spreading is longitudinally carried out along river, and using fully implicit solution finite volume method to one-dimensional Saint-Venant equation group
It is discrete to carry out space-time, obtains on space nodes about earth's surface water level ξ and inflow-rate of water turbine Q0Linear algebraic equation systems；
S53, linear algebraic equation systems are resolved, obtains the water level of any space nodes in river geometrical model；
S54, the measured water level ξ that river point upstream is chosen and obtained in the water level of any space nodesup,oWhen space nodes pair
Mimic water-depth ξ of the water level for the river point downstream answered as river point downstreamdown,s。
6. gate inflow-rate of water turbine calculation method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that in the step S52, space nodes
On about earth's surface water level ξ and inflow-rate of water turbine Q0Linear algebraic equation systems are as follows:
In formula, η is the ratio of time discrete step-length and spatial spreading step-length square；
For the boundary i-1/2 corresponding river flow section face of space discrete nodes i in (n+1)th time discrete node
Product, wherein n is time discrete nodal scheme, and i is spatial spreading nodal scheme；
δ is that the variable that pth restrains between step and the convergence step of pth+1 is poor；
For space discrete nodes i in (n+1)th time discrete node boundary i-1 pth restrain step in when earth's surface
Water level；
Shi Hedao in step is restrained in pth for the boundary i+1/2 of space discrete nodes i in (n+1)th time discrete node
Inflow-rate of water turbine；
Δ t is time discrete step-length；
Shi Liudao in step is restrained in pth for the boundary i+1/2 of space discrete nodes i in (n+1)th time discrete node
Overcurrent speed；
Δ x is spatial spreading step-length；
uiFor the overcurrent speed of spatial spreading node i；
α, β and λ are linear algebra coefficient；
Wherein,
7. gate inflow-rate of water turbine calculation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the reality of lower flow point in the step S6
Survey water level ξdown,oMeasurement point and calculating mimic water-depth ξdown,sIt is the same space node in river geometrical model.
8. gate inflow-rate of water turbine calculation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the threshold value set in the step S7
It is 10-3。
9. gate inflow-rate of water turbine calculation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step S7, when water level misses
Difference εdownThe absolute value method of lock flow Q that adjustment is currently set when being greater than given threshold specifically:
Judge water level error value epsilondownWhether 0 is greater than；
If so, reducing the lock flow Q currently set；
If it is not, then increasing the lock flow Q currently set.
10. gate inflow-rate of water turbine calculation method according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the current setting lock flow
The gradient being decreased or increased be 0.001m3/s。
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