CN110306726B

CN110306726B - Composite structure and manufacturing method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN110306726B
Application number: CN201910240997.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王哲
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2018-03-27
Filing date: 2019-03-27
Publication date: 2022-03-18
Anticipated expiration: 2039-03-27
Also published as: CN110306726A; WO2019184958A1

Abstract

A high-bearing capacity combined structure comprises a part A and a part B. Part A has cavity, part B is the solidifiable material filled in the cavity, and is acted by pressure in the solidification process. The B part comprises a B1 part and a B2 part, the B1 material is a cement-based material, the B2 material is a settable material, and the B2 material has relatively higher fluidity than the B1 material. An internal or/and external volume compensation device is provided. When the B1 and/or B2 materials contract and the B2 material is flowable, the internal volume compensation device expands or the external volume compensation device pushes a flowable, semi-flowable, settable material or solid material into the region of the B2 material inside the cavity. The volume compensation device fills the contracted volume and maintains the pressure of the B2 material inside the cavity, thereby maintaining the pressure of the B1 material. Preferably, the flowable time of the B2 material is greater than the time to reach the contraction turn point of the B1 material, and the pressure is maintained for a time at least exceeding the time at which the contraction turn point of the B1 material occurs.

Description

Composite structure and manufacturing method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of buildings and bridges, in particular to a combined structure and a manufacturing method thereof.

Background

Concrete among the steel pipe concrete integrated configuration can contract, and this can make and appear separating between concrete and the steel pipe inner wall, influences the collaborative work between the two, and then influences integrated configuration's mechanical properties.

In the prior art, there are two broad categories of approaches to solve this problem, the first being to change the shrinkage characteristics of the concrete material, to reduce the amount of shrinkage as much as possible, or to allow the material to expand. This kind of method is not relevant to the present invention and will not be described in detail.

The second method is to apply pressure to the concrete after it is filled into the steel pipe. The following two methods are used to apply the pressure.

The first method of pressing is to install a thin tube near the end of the steel pipe of the composite structure, which is connected to a pressing device outside the steel pipe, which applies pressure to the concrete inside the thin tube, and when the concrete has sufficient strength, the thin tube containing the concrete is sawn off. When the concrete is in a flowing state, if the concrete in the steel pipe shrinks, the pressurizing device can extrude the concrete in the thin pipe into the steel pipe, so that the volume of the concrete shrunk is filled. However, after the concrete has strength, the concrete in the steel pipe can also shrink, and because the concrete can not flow, the concrete in the thin pipe can not enter the steel pipe to fill the shrinkage volume of the concrete; this will cause a reduction in the pressure of the steel pipe against the sides of the concrete and even separation of the concrete from the inner surface of the steel pipe.

The second pressurizing method is as follows: the steel pipe of the combined structure has two sections, one section is thick and one section is thin, and the thick sleeve is sleeved outside the thin section. After the concrete is filled in the steel pipe, the two sections of steel pipes are sleeved together, a press machine is used for applying pressure to the steel pipes along the axial direction, the two sections of pipes slide relatively along the axial direction, and further the concrete in the steel pipes is also applied with pressure. When the pressure reaches the requirement, the two sections of steel pipes are connected together, and cannot move relatively. This method also has disadvantages. Concrete shrinks in volume both before and after setting. When the two sections of steel pipes are fixed together, the concrete still shrinks all the time, the tangential tensile strain of the steel pipes is reduced when the concrete shrinks, the pressure applied to the side surface of the concrete by the steel pipes is reduced, and even the concrete is separated from the inner surface of the steel pipes.

In the third pressurizing method, a piston is arranged at both ends of the steel pipe, and the piston can move in the steel pipe along the axial direction. When the concrete in the steel pipe is extruded, two pistons are extruded by a loading device, and the pistons move oppositely to extrude the concrete in the steel pipe. The pressure applied to the piston is maintained until the concrete reaches a certain strength. This method has a problem in that if the aspect ratio (ratio of length to diameter) of the steel pipe is long, the technical effect is not good. For example, taking a length to diameter ratio of 7 (which is in most cases greater than this in practical engineering), after the concrete is filled into the steel pipe, a constant force is applied to the "piston" at both ends until the concrete has reached a sufficient strength. Because the concrete can shrink after being solidified and even after having certain strength, the axial compressive stress of the concrete in the middle of the length direction of the steel pipe is smaller than that at the two ends because the strength of the concrete and the adhesive force and the friction force between the concrete and the inner wall of the steel pipe can offset or reduce the pressure of the piston, and the larger the length-diameter ratio is, the smaller the axial compressive stress of the concrete in the middle of the steel pipe is. The radial compressive stress of the concrete in the middle of the length direction is reduced along with the shrinkage of the concrete, and if the diameter of the steel pipe is larger, the concrete can be separated from the steel pipe.

Disclosure of Invention

Technical problem to be solved

During setting and hardening of cement, chemical shrinkage occurs, i.e. the absolute volume after hydration is less than the sum of the volumes of water before hydration and other ingredients involved in hydration. In a steel pipe concrete composite structure, the volume shrinkage of concrete inside a steel pipe often causes insufficient contact between the concrete and the inner wall of the steel pipe, and even separation, which makes the steel pipe and the concrete not work together well. High-strength concrete, ultra-high-strength concrete and active powder concrete, because cement and active admixture in the concrete are more, the volume shrinkage is larger in the hardening process, and the steel pipe and the concrete can not work cooperatively to show more seriously.

The strength of the set cement is related to the voids in the set cement, with less voids having higher strength. In the cement setting and hardening process, the cement is fully contracted or compressed, so that the gaps in the set cement are reduced, and the strength of the set cement is improved. The strength of cement mortar and concrete is related to the strength of cement stones in the cement mortar and concrete, and the higher the strength of the cement stones is, the higher the strength of corresponding materials is. The matrix material in the reactive powder concrete is a mixture of cement, silica fume, quartz powder and the like with water, and the hydrated product of the reactive powder concrete is different from the traditional cement stone in components, but the strength of the hydrated product is also related to the content of voids in the hydrated product, and the lower the void is, the higher the strength is.

The axial strength of the set cement, the cement mortar, the concrete and the reactive powder concrete is related to the lateral compressive stress of the set cement, the cement mortar, the concrete and the reactive powder concrete, and the higher the lateral compressive stress is, the higher the strength is.

The invention aims to solve the problems that: (1) the uniaxial compressive strength of the cement-based material in the combined structure is improved; (2) improving the triaxial strength of the cement-based material, including improving the lateral pressure and the internal friction angle; (3) the shear resistance between the cement-based material and the inner wall of the steel pipe is improved, so that the cement-based material and the steel pipe can fully work in a cooperative manner. The technical route is that for a composite structure similar to steel pipe concrete, after the cement-based material is completely filled into the cavity, clean water pressure is applied to the cement-based material. For good results, the hydrostatic pressure application process is started as early as possible, continued as long as possible, and applied as much as possible.

(II) technical scheme

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention proposes the following technical solutions.

A composite structure comprising a part a and a part B; wherein the part A encloses a cavity, the part B fills in the cavity, and the part B comprises part B1 and part B2.

Further, the part B2 fills at least in the space between the part B1 and part a, and/or in the surrounding or partially surrounding space of the part B1.

Further, the combined structure at least satisfies one of the following conditions:

at least one part of the boundary of the part B2 is in direct contact with the inner wall of the part A;

at least one part of the boundary of the part B1 is in direct contact with the inner wall of the part A;

at least a portion of the boundary of the B1 part being in direct contact with at least a portion of the boundary of the B2 part;

at least a portion of the boundary of the B1 segment is separated from at least a portion of the boundary of the B2 segment by a separation device.

Further, the composite structure further comprises a thin layer of material separating at least a portion of the boundary of part B2 from the inner wall of part a and/or separating at least a portion of the boundary of part B1 from the inner wall of part a; the thin layer material comprises a retarding antifriction layer or an extension of the layered separator.

Further, the B1 part material and the B2 part material are both solidifiable materials; the B1 and B2 part materials are in a flowable state during the filling of the cavity with the B1 part material and B2 part material; at some point after completion of overfill, the B1 and B2 parts of the material are in a solidified state and the solidification process is completed inside the cavity.

Further, after the B1 part material and the B2 part material are solidified, the materials are also subjected to pre-stress or residual pre-stress;

the residual pre-stress means that after the materials of the parts B1 and B2 are solidified, the materials of the parts B1 and/or B2 shrink, the original pre-stress in the materials becomes smaller, and the reduced pre-stress is the residual pre-stress.

Further, the material in the B1 and/or B2 part is in a flowable state stage, and in one period, or a plurality of periods, or the whole stage, the materials in the B1 and B2 parts are all acted by pre-pressure stress; and/or

During the solidification of the B1 and/or B2 part materials, the B1 and B2 part materials are both subjected to a pre-compressive stress or a residual pre-compressive stress for a time period, or for a plurality of time periods, or for the entire period, therein.

Further, the combined structure also comprises a built-in volume compensation device which is positioned inside the cavity and is used for applying pre-stress to the B1 and/or B2 materials in the cavity; when the volume of the part B1 and/or the part B2 changes, the built-in volume compensation device can change the volume of the built-in volume compensation device along with the change of the volume of the part B1 and/or the part B2.

Further, the built-in volume compensation device is,

a bladder disposed within the cavity and surrounded by B2 and/or B1 material; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

a sac, disposed within the cavity, surrounded by B2 and/or B1 material;

preferably, the balloon or sac is surrounded by B2 material.

Further, after the B1 and B2 materials reach a predetermined strength,

if the built-in volume compensation device is an air bag, the compressed air in the built-in volume compensation device is discharged, and the air bag is filled with a solidifiable material;

if the built-in volume compensation device is a sac, the liquid is drained away and the settable material is filled into the sac.

Further, the combined structure also comprises a pressurizing piston; the pressurizing piston is matched with a piston hole, the piston hole is arranged on the part A, a sealing ring is arranged in the hole, the pressurizing piston is arranged in the piston hole, and the piston can slide in the piston hole; if the pressurizing piston is inserted into the cavity in the area of the part B1 and/or B2, the piston presses the B1 and/or B2 material in the cavity, raising its pressure; the pressurizing piston is a device that applies a pre-compressive stress to the B1 and/or B2 material in the cavity.

Further, after the B1 and B2 materials in the cavity reach a preset strength, the pressurizing piston is removed; preferably, the exposed portion of the piston rod is sawn directly from the root.

Further, the upper limit of the pre-stress applied to the portion B2 and/or B1 in the cavity is in the interval: 0.1 to 7MPa, or 7 to 15MPa, or 15 to 30MPa, or 30 to 60MPa, or 60 to 90MPa, or 90 to 120MPa, or more than 120 MPa.

Further, the part a is a solid material; preferably, the solid material includes a metal material, a polymer material, an inorganic non-metal material, a fiber composite material, and a laminate.

Further, the part B1 is a cement-based material; preferably, the B1 part is set cement, cement mortar, concrete containing coarse aggregate, reactive powder concrete, fiber cement mortar, fiber concrete or fiber reactive powder concrete.

Further, the B2 part material comprises one or a combination of the following materials:

cement-based materials, high molecular materials, mixtures of high molecular materials and cement-based materials; preferably, the retarding cement-based material, the retarding polymer material, the mixture of the retarding polymer material and the cement-based material, the mixture of the polymer material and the retarding cement-based material, the mixture of the retarding polymer material and the inorganic nonmetal settable material, the retarding polymer material and the solid particle mixture which does not participate in chemical reaction;

the retarding cement-based material comprises one or a combination of the following materials, wherein a retarder is added in each material: ordinary concrete, fine stone concrete, reactive powder concrete, mortar, cement paste, a mixture of quartz powder, cement and water, and a mixture of quartz powder, a reactive admixture, cement and water;

the active admixture comprises one or the combination of the following materials: silicon ash, fly ash and granulated blast furnace slag.

Furthermore, the combined structure also comprises an isolating device which is positioned in the cavity; a separator is between the sections B1 and B2; the B1 and B2 portions may be co-bounded and/or separated by a separator.

Furthermore, the isolation device is a cylindrical structure with one end open or two ends open.

Further, the combined structure further comprises a fixing device of the isolation device, and the fixing device is located between the isolation device and the part A.

Further, the part A comprises a pipe, and a lower plugging plate and an upper plugging plate which are connected with the pipe.

Further, the combined structure has an axis, and the cross section of the combined structure taking the axis as a normal line is one of four types, namely an I-type section, a II-type section, a III-type section and an IV-type section.

Furthermore, in the I-shaped cross section, the B1 material area is a single communication area, and all or most of the boundary line of the area is also the inner boundary line of the B2 material area, or is separated from the inner boundary line of B2 by only one layer of separation device; in cross-section, the B2 material region is between part B1 and part a.

Furthermore, in the II-type cross section, part B2 is a single communication region, and all or most of the boundary line of the B2 region is the inner boundary line of the B1 region or is separated from the inner boundary line of the B1 by only one layer of isolating device; the B1 material region is between the B2 material region and the A region;

preferably, a retarding and friction reducing layer is arranged between the part A and the material B1.

Further, the core area on the III-type section is a single-communication area and is filled with B21 material; all or most of the boundaries of the B21 material region in cross section overlap with some of the boundaries of the B1 material region, or are separated therefrom by a layer of separation means; the B1 material region is surrounded by the B22 material region, either entirely or mostly, the B1 material region is in direct contact with the B22 material region, or there is a separation means between the two; the B22 material region is between the B1 material region and the A part region;

preferably, the B21 material is the same material as the B22 material.

Further, both the region of the B1 part and the region of the B22 part are annular regions.

Further, the three-dimensional space region corresponding to the B21 part and the three-dimensional space region corresponding to the B22 part are communicated or only separated by a thin layer of material in some cross-sections throughout the entire composite structure.

Further, the entire region of the cavity in the section IV is divided into two regions B1 and B2, which are respectively in contact with the inner wall of part A or separated by a thin layer of material, and the regions B1 and B2 have a common boundary or are separated by a separating device.

Further, the B21 and B22 part materials have relatively higher fluidity than the B1 part material at least for a period of time from the time the B1 part material has static shear strength under triaxial compressive stress conditions until the time the cement in the B1 part material is completely hydrated.

Further, the B2 part material has relatively higher fluidity than the B1 part material, from the time when the B1 part material has just had static shear strength under the triaxial compressive stress state until the time when the cement hydration in the B1 part material is completed, at least for a period of time within this time range.

Further, the combined structure also comprises a retarding antifriction layer which is arranged between the part B1 and the part A and is used for reducing or eliminating the shear stress on the interface of the two parts; preferably, the time when the retarding and antifriction layer loses fluidity is later than the time when the shrinkage turning point of the B1 material appears,

further, the combined structure is a compression component and comprises a columnar structure with a straight axis and an arch structure with a curved axis; preferably, the cross section of the columnar structure is circular, oval or polygonal.

Further, after the manufacturing is completed, the combined structure is processed again to manufacture another member.

Further, after the compression member is manufactured, one or both end plates are removed, or a part of the tube is removed and processed into another member.

Further, the shape of the combined structure is hexahedron or cube; the hexahedron or the cube is used for assembling a column or a wall.

A method of making a composite structure comprising:

manufacturing a part A surrounding a cavity;

filling part B into the cavity and applying pressure, comprising: filling the cavity with part B1 and part B2, and applying pressure to the part B1 and/or B2.

Further, the B2 part is filled in the space between the B1 part and the a part; and/or the part B2 is filled in the space surrounded or partially surrounded by the part B1.

Further, at least a part of the boundary of the part B2 is in direct contact with the inner wall of the part A,

at least a part of the boundary of the part B1 is in direct contact with the inner wall of the part a,

at least a portion of the boundary of the B1 part is in direct contact with at least a portion of the boundary of the B2 part,

Further, separating at least a portion of the boundary of the B2 part from the inner wall of the a part and/or separating at least a portion of the boundary of the B1 part from the inner wall of the a part with a thin layer of material; the thin layer material comprises a retarding antifriction layer or an extension of the layered separator.

Further, when the B2 material has fluidity, if pressure is applied to the B2 part, the B2 part transfers the pressure to the B1 part; and/or, when the B1 material has fluidity, the B1 part transfers pressure to the B2 part if pressure is applied to the B1 part.

Further, the part A is a solid material, and the part B is a solidifiable material.

Further, the B1 part is an inorganic non-metallic solidifiable material.

Further, the part B1 is a cement-based material; by cementitious material is meant a material that contains cement and that is accompanied by hydration of the cement during setting.

Further, the material of the part B2 includes at least one of the following materials:

further, during filling of the cavity enclosed by part a, the B1 and B2 materials are in a fluid state; by some point after the filling is completed, they start to solidify in the cavity.

Further, the part A of the combined structure is a cylindrical structure, and the length of the part A in the axial direction is larger than the distance between any two points on the cross section of the cylindrical structure; preferably, the axial cylindrical structure is one of: a cylinder, a prismatic cylinder, a truncated cone, a prismatic cylinder, and combinations thereof.

Further, the combined structure is a compression member and comprises a columnar structure with a straight axis and an arch structure with a curved axis.

Furthermore, the combined structure is a polyhedron and is used for assembling a structure with a complex shape.

Further, making a portion a that encloses the cavity, includes:

providing a pipe, a lower plugging plate and an upper plugging plate;

connecting the lower plugging plate to the lower end of the pipe, and connecting the upper plugging plate to the upper end of the pipe to complete the manufacture of the part A which is surrounded with the cavity;

preferably, the pipe is a steel pipe.

Further, before the lower plugging plate is connected to the lower end of the pipe, and/or before the upper plugging plate is connected to the upper end of the pipe, the method further comprises the following steps: installing an isolation device into the pipe.

Further, the isolation device is one of:

the two ends of the cylindrical structure are transparent, and no shielding object is arranged at the two ends;

one end of the cylindrical structure is closed, and the other end of the cylindrical structure is not provided with any shielding object;

one end of the cylindrical structure is closed, and the other end of the cylindrical structure is partially shielded but provided with an opening.

Further, the isolation device is one of:

the waterproof plate is made of a waterproof plate with certain rigidity, and the plate is made of metal, a high polymer material or a composite material;

the waterproof plate is made of a waterproof plate with certain rigidity, a hollow hole or a gap is formed in the plate, and the plate is made of metal, a high polymer material or a composite material;

made of a flexible water impermeable film;

made of a water-permeable flexible fabric;

is made of a water-permeable net material with certain rigidity;

is made of a net material with certain rigidity and a water-tight flexible film or a water-permeable flexible braided fabric; the net material is used as a framework, and the film or the braided fabric is fixed on the net material.

Further, the cross-section of the isolation device is corrugated.

Further, from the time the B1 part, the B2 part, and the cavity are filled, until the strength of the B1 part material reaches the final strength, during which time, or during multiple times, or throughout which the B2 part material has a relatively higher fluidity than the B1 part material.

Further, after the B1 part, B2 part material is filled into the cavity, the B2 part material has relatively higher fluidity than the B1 part material from the time the B1 part material has static shear strength until its static shear strength reaches an intermediate strength; the intermediate strength is 10% or 20% or 30% or 40% or 50% or 60% or 70% or 80% or 90% or 95% or 98% of the final static strength.

Further, after the B1 part material and the B2 part material are filled into the cavity, at least during the period from the beginning of the static shear strength of the B1 part material to the beginning of the volume shrinkage turning point, the B2 part material has relatively higher fluidity than the B1 part material; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,

after the B1 part, B2 part material filled the cavity, at least during which the B2 part material had a relatively higher flow than the B1 part material, from the point at which the B1 part material had static shear strength to a point after the volume shrinkage break point occurred; said one time after said inflection point of contraction occurs is determined by a ratio of the age of said B1 portion of material at said one time to the age of B1 material at said inflection point of volumetric contraction; said ratio is equal to 1.25 or 1.5 or 1.75 or 2.0 or 2.5 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 10 or 15 or 20 or 30 or 40 or 50 or 75 or 100.

Further, before filling the material of parts B1 and B2 into the cavity, the method further comprises:

providing B1 part and B2 part materials, wherein the time when the B2 part material in the cavity begins to lose fluidity is later than the time when the B1 part material in the cavity begins to lose fluidity.

providing B1 part and B2 part materials, the B2 part material having a flowable length of time greater than the length of time that the B1 part material takes to occur from completion of mixing to the point of inflection of shrinkage; by complete mixing, it is meant that all of the ingredients of the B1 material are mixed together and have been stirred well.

providing part B1 and part B2 materials, wherein the time when the part B2 material in the cavity begins to lose fluidity is later than the time when the shrinkage turning point of the part B1 material in the cavity occurs.

providing B1 part and B2 part materials, wherein after the B1 part and B2 part materials are filled into the cavity, the time when the B2 part materials start to lose fluidity is later than the time when the shrinkage turning point of the B1 part materials occurs; said one time after the onset of said inflection point of contraction is determined by a ratio of the age of the material at said one time B1 to the age of the material at B1 at the inflection point of contraction; said ratio is equal to 1.25 or 1.5 or 1.75 or 2.0 or 2.5 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 8 or 10 or 15 or 20 or 30 or 60 or 100.

providing the materials of the B1 part and the B2 part, wherein after the materials of the B1 part and the B2 part are filled into the cavity, the time when the materials of the B2 part begin to lose fluidity is later than the time when the static strength of the materials of the B1 part reaches an intermediate strength, and the intermediate strength is 10% or 20% or 30% or 40% or 50% or 60% or 70% or 80% or 90% or 95% or 98% of the final static strength.

Further, the fluidity is one of the following characteristics:

(1) the material has no static shear strength or almost no static shear strength no matter whether the material is acted by hydrostatic pressure; the almost no static shear strength means that the static shear strength at that moment is very small, only a few tenths of a ten to a ten thousandth of the final strength, compared to the final static shear strength of the settable material;

(2) the material has no static uniaxial compressive strength or almost no static uniaxial compressive strength; the almost no static compressive strength means that the static compressive strength at that moment is very small, only a few tenths of a ten to a ten thousandth of the final strength, compared to the final static compressive strength of the settable material;

(3) when any small shearing force is applied, continuous deformation can be generated; by small shear forces is meant that the shear forces are only a few tenths of a ten to a ten thousandth of the final static shear strength of the settable material at the moment of application of the shear forces.

Further, before applying pressure to the B1 and/or B2 partial materials, the method further comprises the following steps:

determining a range of pressure applied to the B2 and/or B1 portions; and

the time frame for applying pressure, which means increasing the pressure and/or maintaining a constant pressure, is determined.

Further, the upper limit of the pressure applied to the B1 and/or B2 partial material is in the interval: 0.1 to 7MPa, or 7 to 15MPa, or 15 to 30MPa, or 30 to 60MPa, or 60 to 90MPa, or 90 to 120MPa, or more than 120 MPa.

Further, during a certain period of time, a certain number of periods of time, or the whole process within the time range of the fluidity of the B2 part material, the B2 part material in the cavity is directly extruded, the pressure of the B2 part material reaches the range of the design requirement, and the B2 part material transmits the pressure to the B1 part.

Further, the pressure of the B2 part material in the cavity is maintained within a preset pressure range for a continuous period of time within a time range in which the B2 part material has fluidity;

the start time of the continuous time period is in the time range of one of the following:

the B1 and B2 materials in the cavity both had a time frame of fluidity;

after the B1 material loses fluidity, before the shrinkage turning point of the B1 material occurs;

the end time of the continuous time period is in the time range of one of the following:

after the shrinkage turning point of the B1 material occurs, the fluidity of the B2 material is lost.

Further, the method for applying pressure to the B1 and/or B2 partial materials at least comprises one of the following methods:

(1) pressing the material of the part B1 and/or the part B2 in the cavity by using a piston to apply pressure to the material of the part B1 and/or the part B2;

(2) transferring pressure to the material used in the B2 and/or B1 portion of the cavity with a line communicating with the cavity and filled with B2 material; preferably, a conduit, communicating with said cavity and filled with B2 material, connects to the area of the cavity where the B2 portion is located;

(3) transferring pressure to the portion of the material B2 and/or B1 in the cavity with a line communicating with the cavity and filled with the material B1;

(4) a built-in volume compensation device is installed in the cavity, and the pressure is applied to the B1 and/or B2 parts by the volume compensation device.

Further, the built-in volume compensation device is placed in the area of the part B2 in the cavity, when the part B1 material inside the cavity shrinks and the part B2 material has fluidity or can flow, the volume compensation device expands to apply pressure to the part B2, and the part B2 material is pushed to fill the volume of the part B1 which shrinks away.

Further, the built-in volume compensation device is an air bag or a liquid bag;

the air bag is connected with the air pump outside the combined structure through a pipeline, the air pressure in the air bag is gradually increased when the air pump works, the air pressure in the air bag is almost equal to the pressure applied to the surrounding medium by the air bag, and the air pressure in the air bag is kept to change within a designed range after entering the range;

the liquid sac is connected with a hydraulic source outside the combined structure through a pipeline, the hydraulic source pushes the liquid to increase in pressure, the hydraulic pressure in the liquid sac is almost equal to the pressure applied to the surrounding medium by the liquid sac, and after the pressure enters the range required by the design, the hydraulic pressure is maintained to change within the range.

Further, the method for applying pressure to the part B1 and/or B2 is as follows:

an external volume compensation device is arranged outside the combined structure, and the external volume compensation device is used for helping to maintain the pressure of the part B2 in the cavity within the range of the design requirement;

the external volume compensation device is a device with a hydraulic accumulator function, in which the pressure hardly changes or changes very little when the volume of the flowable medium changes.

Further, the bladder is connected by a conduit to an accumulator in addition to a source of hydraulic pressure other than the composite structure, the accumulator being used to help maintain the pressure within the design requirements.

Further, (1) while the piston is pressing the material of part B1 and/or part B2 in the cavity, one or more tubes filled with flowable B2 material are also used to connect the region of B2 material in the cavity to the external volume compensation device;

(2) when pressure is transferred to the portion of the material used in the B2 and/or B1 cavity by a line communicating with the cavity and filled with B2 material, one or more external volume compensation devices are also connected to the line communicating with the cavity and filled with B2 material, or alternatively, one or more tubes filled with flowable B2 material connect the region of the B2 material in the cavity to the external volume compensation devices.

Furthermore, a valve is arranged on a pipeline connecting the cavity of the part A and the external volume compensation device; in the process of maintaining the pressure of the B2 material in the cavity to change within the design range, the valve is connected, and the medium in the pipeline can flow in and out; at a certain moment before the B2 material loses fluidity, the valve is closed, and the medium in the pipeline cannot flow; and (4) disassembling the external volume compensation device, and cleaning the solidifiable material in the external volume compensation device so as to enable the external volume compensation device to be repeatedly used.

Further, during the process of transferring pressure to the material used in the part B2 and/or B1 in the cavity by using a pipeline which is communicated with the cavity and is filled with the B2 material, the other end of the pipeline is connected with a pressurizing device, and the pressurizing device maintains the pressure in the pipeline within the range required by the design; a valve is arranged on the pipeline, and at a certain moment before the fluidity of the B2 material is lost, the valve is closed, the pressurizing device is disassembled, and the pressurizing device is cleaned for reuse.

Further, (1) maintaining the pressure applied to the outer end of the plunger rod until the B2 material has a predetermined strength when the material of the portion B1 and/or the portion B2 in the cavity is compressed using the plunger; the predetermined strength is capable of resisting stress variations caused by removal of pressure from the outer end of the piston rod;

(2) maintaining the pressure of the B2 or B1 material in the tubing until the B2 or B1 material has a predetermined strength when the tubing is used to transfer pressure; the predetermined strength is capable of resisting stress changes caused by sawing the pipeline; the pipeline is communicated with the cavity and is filled with B2 or B1 material;

(3) when the B2 and/or B1 portion materials are pressurized using the internal volume compensation device, the pressure of the media in the internal volume compensation device is maintained until the B2 and B1 materials have a predetermined strength that resists stress changes due to the internal volume compensation device not providing pressure.

Further, the B2 material in the cavity is squeezed for the B2 material in the cavity for a certain period of time, or for a certain number of periods of time, or for the entire process, in a time range in which the B2 material has relatively higher fluidity than the B1 material, so that the squeezing device increases the squeezing force or maintains a constant squeezing force.

Further, the B2 part material in the cavity has relatively higher fluidity than the B1 part material, and the B1 material has shear strength; in the time range satisfying this condition, the B2 material in the cavity is extruded, and the extrusion device is allowed to increase the extrusion force or maintain a constant extrusion force.

Further, a pressurizing piston and/or a built-in volume compensation device are/is used for extruding the B2 material; when the pressing means is a piston, said applying a constant pressing force means maintaining a load applied to the outer end of the piston constant; when the pressing means is a built-in volume compensation means, said applying a constant pressing force means keeping the fluid pressure in the air bag or oil bag constant.

Further, after the process of applying pressure to the material in the cavity is completed, post-processing is also performed on the pressurizing device by one of the following methods:

(1) if the pressurizing device is a pressurizing piston, sawing off the exposed part of the piston;

(2) if the pressurizing device is a pipeline communicated with the cavity and an external pressurizing device, the pressurizing device is removed, and the pipeline filled with the B2 material is sawn off;

(3) if the pressurizing means is a built-in volume compensation means, the gas or liquid therein is discharged and the settable material is injected therein.

Further, before filling part B1 into the cavity or before filling part B2 into the cavity, the method further comprises: and filling carbon dioxide gas into the cavity.

Further, after the combined structure is manufactured, certain parts of the combined structure are disassembled to be used as another component.

Furthermore, after the manufacturing of the combined structure is completed, the plugging plate at one end or two ends is detached and is continuously used as a column.

Preferably, the thin-walled section of the spacer in the type II section contains a curve or fold line protruding toward the area of B2 material it surrounds, and the tangent line approach to the spacer has little or no tensile stress as the B2 material near these locations presses the spacer outward.

A combined structure is manufactured by the method.

(III) advantageous effects

According to the technical scheme, the invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:

due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has obvious technical effect and is illustrated by taking a concrete filled steel tubular column as an example. During the initial age, including a period of time before and after final setting, the cement-based material develops voids due to chemical shrinkage. Because the material is under the action of pressure stress, the apparent volume of the material is far more contracted than that of the material without the action of pressure, and correspondingly, the internal gap of the material is greatly reduced. On the one hand, the strength of the cement-based material can be improved; on the other hand, the amount of shrinkage after the treatment can be significantly reduced. When the constant pre-stress is applied to the B2 inside the steel pipe, the cement-based material B1 inside the steel pipe can avoid the lateral pressure of the steel pipe on the cement-based material from being excessively reduced due to self contraction, and can further avoid the separation of the steel pipe and the cement-based material. The technical scheme ensures that the uniaxial strength of the cement-based material is improved, and even the internal friction angle is also improved; the lateral pressure of the cement-based material provided by the steel pipe cannot be reduced or not greatly reduced because of the self contraction of the cement-based material B1, so that the triaxial compression strength of the cement-based material is improved; the shearing resistance between the cement-based material and the inner surface of the steel pipe is improved, and the cooperative working effect between the cement-based material and the steel pipe is further improved. The comprehensive effect of the scheme is that the bearing capacity of the combined structure is greatly improved.

Shear deformation of the B1 and/or B2 materials in the cavity occurs due to shrinkage of the B1 and/or B2 materials, flow of the B2 materials, or flow of the B1 and B2 materials. When shear deformation occurs during solidification of a material, there is shear stress inside the material. When the material of part B2 has relatively high flow, it is advantageous to relieve or reduce shear stress in the cavity at parts B1 and B2, and in addition to relieve or reduce shear stress on the inner surface of part a, even though the B1 and B2 materials both have shear strength. Eliminating shear stress inside the composite structure is beneficial to improving the bearing capacity.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows a composite structure with an I-shaped cross-section, with an isolation device.

Fig. 2 shows a composite structure with an I-shaped cross-section without the isolation device.

The area of FIG. 3B 2 is a straight II-shaped cross-section

Type II cross-section in the area of FIG. 4B 2

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view through the axis of the composite structure of embodiment 1, corresponding to FIG. 6

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the composite structure of embodiment 1, taken along line A-A in FIG. 5, showing an I-shaped cross-section.

Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view through the axis of the composite structure of embodiment 2, corresponding to fig. 8.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the composite structure of embodiment 2, taken along line A-A in FIG. 7, which is a type II cross-section.

Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view through the axis of the composite structure of embodiment 3, corresponding to fig. 10.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the composite structure of embodiment 3, taken along line A-A in FIG. 9, which is a type II cross-section.

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view through the axis of the composite structure of embodiment 4, taken along the line B-B in FIG. 12.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the composite structure of embodiment 4, taken along line A-A in FIG. 11, showing a type II cross-section.

Fig. 13 is a cross-sectional view through the axis of the composite structure of embodiment 5, corresponding to fig. 14 and 15.

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the composite structure of embodiment 5, taken along line A-A in FIG. 13, showing a type III cross-section.

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the composite structure of embodiment 5, taken along line B-B in FIG. 13, which is a type II cross-section.

Fig. 16 is a cross-sectional view through the axis of the composite structure of embodiment 6, which corresponds to fig. 17 and 18.

FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of the upper closure plate of the composite structure of example 6, taken along line A-A in FIG. 16.

FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of the composite structure of embodiment 6, taken along line B-B in FIG. 16, showing a type III cross-section.

Fig. 19 is a cross-sectional view through the axis of the composite structure of embodiment 7, corresponding to fig. 20.

FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of the composite structure of embodiment 7, taken along line A-A in FIG. 19.

Fig. 21 is a cross-sectional view through the axis of the composite structure of embodiment 8, corresponding to fig. 22.

Fig. 22 is a cross-sectional view of the composite structure of embodiment 8, corresponding to section a-a in fig. 21.

FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view of the composite structure of example 9, wherein the cross-section is an IV-shaped cross-section.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

For the purpose of facilitating understanding of the present invention, technical terms related to the present invention will be described below.

Definition of terms

B1 material

Refers to the material used for the portion B1 in the cavity.

B2 material

Refers to the material used for the portion B2 in the cavity.

Pre-stress of compression

The pre-stress is a stress that is artificially applied to the B1 and B2 partial materials in the combined structure cavity by pressing the B2 and/or B1 partial materials before a certain time.

For example, after filling the cavity surrounded by part a with material B1 and B2, the material of part B2 in the cavity was connected to the pressurizing means outside the cavity by a thin tube, which was also filled with material of part B2. The pressurizing means applies a constant pressure to the material in the tube until the material in the tube has set and reached a sufficient strength. After removal of the pipe beyond the outer surface of part a, it is clear that the B1 and B2 materials in the cavity of part a are still subjected to the previously applied pressure, which is the pre-stress. Since the B1 and/or B2 materials may creep under pressure, causing volume shrinkage, the pre-compressive stress may decrease with time at a certain point in space within the portion B inside the cavity; in this B-section, the distribution of the pre-stressing can also vary over time.

Thin layer material

The lamina material is of a relatively thin thickness and is characterized by a low flexural rigidity. The thin layer material comprises an extension part of the thin layer isolation device and the retarding and antifriction layer. The portion of the C-shaped spacer 31 in fig. 12 that contacts the inner wall of part a is the thin layer of material that is an extension of the spacer.

External volume compensation device

Is a device having a hydraulic accumulator function in which the pressure change is small when the volume of the flowable medium changes.

Pressure piston (piston for short)

The piston is a pressure lever with a smooth surface and is matched with a piston hole of the part A for use, and a sealing ring is arranged in the piston hole.

Hollow cavity

The meaning of the cavity partially enclosed by composite structure a includes, but is not limited to, the following:

(1) the inner space of the tube with two through ends,

(2) a space surrounded by a pipe with one closed end and the other through end,

(3) the two ends are sealed by plugging plates, but a space surrounded by a device with small holes is arranged on the plugging plates or the pipes,

(4) the space enclosed by the device of either shape.

Round table tube

Is characterized in that: the shape is a round table, and the cross section is a circular ring.

Prismatic tube

The outer shape is a prism and the cross section is the closed area between two concentric polygons.

Prismatic table tube

The shape is a frustum pyramid, the cross section is a closed area between two concentric polygons,

i-shaped cross section

The I-section is characterized in that, in the cross-section, the zone of B1 material is a single communication zone, all or most of the zone boundary line is also the inner boundary line of the B2 material zone, or is separated from the inner boundary line of B2 by only one layer of separation means; in cross-section, all or most of the outer boundary line of the B2 material region is the inner boundary line of part a.

The cross-section of the composite structure shown in fig. 1 and 2 is I-shaped, the single communication zone 21 in fig. 1 is filled with B1 material, the annular zone 22 is filled with B2 material, the spacer 3 is arranged between the B1 and the B2 material, and the B2 material is in direct contact with the entire inner surface of the side wall 1 of the part a. The isolation device 3 is not shown in fig. 2, but the rest is the same as in fig. 1.

The cross-section shown in fig. 6 is also an I-section.

The advantage of an I-shaped cross-section is that after the B1 material sets, the B2 material is in a flowable state stage, and if hydrostatic pressure is applied to the B2 material, the B1 material is subjected everywhere in the cross-section, regardless of whether or not the B1 material shrinks at this time and before. Also, even if the B1 material shrinks at this stage, if the compressive pre-stress of the B2 material is maintained constant, the shrinkage of the B1 portion cannot reduce the compressive pre-stress.

Type II cross section

The type II cross section is characterized by: in the section, the part B2 is a single communication area, and all or most of the boundary line of the area B2 is the inner boundary line of the area B1 or is separated from the inner boundary line of the area B1 by only one layer of isolating device; the length of the portion where the outer boundary line of the B1 region overlaps the inner boundary line of the a portion, or the portion with only one layer of retarding and friction-reducing material or retarding and friction-reducing layer interposed therebetween, is all or most of the outer boundary line of the B1 region, and corresponds to all or most of the inner boundary line of the a portion.

The cross-section of the composite structure shown in figures 3 and 4 is a type II section in which region 21 is filled with B1 material, region 22 is filled with B2 material, region 22 of B2 material is surrounded by the spacer 3, the outer boundary of the spacer 3 is for the most part surrounded by region 21 of B1 material, the outer end of the spacer is in contact with the inner surface of part a 1, and the outer surface of the B1 material is in contact with the inner surface of part a 1.

The cross-sections shown in fig. 8, 10 and 12 are also type II cross-sections.

The type II section has the advantages that: the isolation device is small in size and convenient to manufacture; the width of the B2 area can be adjusted, so that the method can be suitable for B2 material with slightly higher viscosity; the pre-compressive stress is applied by a pressurizing piston.

For example, in fig. 3, after the B1 material is solidified, the B2 material is in a flowable state, and if hydrostatic pressure is applied to the B2 material, the B1 area is subjected to pressure close to the hydrostatic pressure state, although not the ideal hydrostatic pressure state.

However, for the cross-section shown in fig. 8, after the B1 material is solidified, the B2 material is in a flowable state, and if hydrostatic pressure is applied to the B2 material, the B1 material may be subjected to tensile forces in the tangential direction, especially when the diameter of the cavity in the cross-section is large. If the cavity diameter is small and/or the amount of shrinkage after solidification of the B1 material is small, the cross-section shown in fig. 8 may be selected.

Type III cross section

The type III cross section is characterized by:

the core area on the cross section is a single communication area and is filled with B21 material; all or most of the boundaries of the B21 material region in cross section overlap with some of the boundaries of the B1 material region, or are separated therefrom by a layer of separation means; the B1 material region is surrounded by the B22 material region, either entirely or mostly, the B1 material region is in direct contact with the B22 material region, or there is a separation means between the two; the B22 material region is between the B1 material region and the a-portion region.

Preferably, the B21 material is the same material as the B22 material;

preferably, the region of part B1 and the region of part B22 are both annular regions.

Preferably, there is at least a period of time in this time frame from the point at which the B1 part material has just had static shear strength under triaxial compressive stress conditions until the cement in the B1 part material has completed hydration, during which time the B21 and B22 materials both have relatively high flow compared to the B1 material.

Preferably, the three-dimensional space corresponding to the B21 part and the three-dimensional space corresponding to the B22 part are connected in some sections or only separated by a thin layer of material throughout the combined structure.

The cross-sections shown in fig. 14 and 18 are both section III.

In fig. 14, both region 221 and region 22 are filled with B2 material and region 21 is filled with B1 material. The B1 material region 21 is located between the

B2 material regions

221 and 22, with an isolation device between region 221 and region 21, and an isolation device between

regions

22 and 21.

In fig. 18,

regions

224 and 221 are filled with B2 material and region 21 is filled with B1 material.

The advantage of the type III cross-section is that it can be used in combination with the type I cross-section, leaving more possibilities for designing the shape of the partial three-dimensional region of B1, B2. For example, if the three-dimensional regions of portions B1 and B2 in the cavity are as shown in fig. 13 through 18, the three-dimensional regions B1 and B2, which contain type III cross-sections, have the advantages of both type I and type II cross-sections. The loading by the extrusion piston is convenient, and all parts of the part B1 are only under the action of hydrostatic pressure. Even if the B2 material is in a flowable state stage after the B1 material is solidified, and hydrostatic pressure is applied to the B2 material, no shear stress is generated everywhere in the B1 part.

Type IV cross section

The type IV section is characterized in that the entire area of the cavity in the section is divided into two areas B1 and B2, which are in contact with the inner wall of part a or separated by a thin layer of material, respectively, and the areas B1 and B2 have a common boundary or are separated by a separating means.

The IV-shaped section has the advantages that the isolation device is convenient to manufacture, and has the defect of asymmetric section, so that the IV-shaped section is not suitable for manufacturing linear axis columns with large length-diameter ratio, but is suitable for manufacturing arched compression members. It is ensured that the areas B1 and B2 in the section are symmetrical with respect to the plane in which the arch axis lies.

Coagulation

Solidification in the present invention refers to the process of transforming a material from zero or almost zero shear strength to having shear strength.

Coagulation includes, but is not limited to:

setting and hardening processes of cement paste, cement mortar, concrete, reactive powder concrete and the like; the process of changing the polymer material from a flowable state to a solid.

Increased strength

A process in which the strength of the settable material increases with time after it has shear strength.

Inorganic non-metallic solidifiable material

The inorganic non-metallic solidifiable material in the present invention means an inorganic non-metallic material that can be solidified without reacting with components in the air. Such materials include, but are not limited to, lime, gypsum, cement, and the like.

Cement-based material

By cementitious material is meant in the present invention a material that contains cement and that is accompanied by hydration of the cement during setting.

Cementitious materials include, but are not limited to:

of cement paste, of cement mortar, of concrete, etc., and

cement mortar, concrete, reactive powder concrete, etc. containing reactive admixtures, and

mixtures of cement, active admixtures and water, and

mixtures of cement, reactive admixtures and/or non-reactive admixtures with water, and,

a mixture of cement, active and/or inactive admixtures, solid particles and water.

Active admixtures are materials that chemically or physico-chemically react with cement or cement products, and include, but are not limited to: fly ash, slag, silica fume, calcium hydroxide powder and the like.

The inactive admixture is characterized in that the inactive admixture can not generate hydration reaction or react a little after being mixed with lime, gypsum or portland cement by adding water at normal temperature, and can not generate hydraulic hydration products. Inactive admixtures include, but are not limited to: limestone, quartz sand and slow-cooling slag.

Retarding polymer material

The admixture is characterized in that: the process takes longer than normal high molecular materials, for example, the process takes between tens of hours and months or longer, from the time when there is no static shear strength to the time when the static shear strength reaches a certain lower value. The static shear strength at lower values is set as desired, for example, to 0.1MPa, 0.5MPa, 1MPa, etc.; at this static shear value, the solidification of the material is not completed, and the static shear strength increases with time.

Some of the conventional retarding polymer materials have fluidity after half a year, and the materials are filled between the retarding prestressed steel strands and the outer sleeves of the retarding prestressed steel strands.

Retarding antifriction material

The material has one of the following characteristics:

(1) after the configuration is finished, within the time range of the design requirement, the static shear strength is zero or almost zero and is only one ten thousandth to one ten thousandth of the final static shear strength of the retarding antifriction material;

(2) after a certain length of time, the cohesion and the internal friction angle of the material increase, gradually depending on the final value; the adhesive force and the friction coefficient between the retarding antifriction material and the solid surface contacted with the retarding antifriction material are increased and gradually approach to the final value.

Retarding antifriction layer

The retarding and antifriction layer is a layered material made of retarding and antifriction materials and is used between the B1 and/or B2 materials in the cavity and the inner surface of the part A. The preparation method comprises the following steps:

coating a retarding material on a permeable braided fabric;

coating retarding materials on one or two surfaces of a water-impermeable film, wherein coated retarding antifriction materials are coated on the surface of the film in contact with the inner surface of the part A;

coating retarding antifriction material on a certain area of the inner surface of the part A, and then pasting a layer of permeable woven fabric or impermeable film on the retarding antifriction material.

The time when the retarding and antifriction layer loses fluidity must be later than the time when the B1 material in the cavity begins to solidify, and preferably later than the time when the shrinkage turning point of the B1 material appears, so as to weaken or eliminate the shear stress on the surface of the B1 material facing the inner wall of the part A. Without the retarding anti-friction layer, the interface of the B1 material and the inner wall of part A will have shear stress due to the volume shrinkage of part B1 material.

Fluidity of the resin

By a material being flowable, it is meant that the material has at least one of the following characteristics.

(3) when any small shearing force is applied, continuous deformation can occur; by small shear forces is meant that the shear forces are only a few tenths of a ten to a ten thousandth of the final static shear strength of the settable material at the moment of application of the shear forces.

Static strength

The static strength is strength measured by a static strength measurement method specified by a specification.

Ultimate static strength

When the static strength of the material does not change or hardly changes with the increase of time, the strength measured by the static strength measuring method is the final static strength of the material. The final static strength corresponding to the static tensile strength, compressive strength and shear strength of the material is respectively called as the final static tensile strength, the final static compressive strength and the final static shear strength.

Flowable time

After all the ingredients of the material are mixed, the material has a duration of fluidity.

Relatively high fluidity

At a certain moment, both material a and material b are subjected to the same stress, which does not vary with time and whose offset is not zero, material a being said to have a relatively high flowability than material b if its rate of offset strain is higher than that of material b.

Flowable state

When the material is flowable, the material is in a flowable state.

Chemical shrinkage

The absolute volume after hydration is less than the sum of the volumes of water before hydration and other ingredients involved in hydration.

Contraction turning point

Placing the freshly mixed cement-based material in a closed environment, and allowing the freshly mixed cement-based material to undergo two stages:

(1) in a first phase, the pressure to which the material is subjected is varied, at least in the very first phase, and the temperature experienced is variable;

(2) in the second stage, the temperature and pressure were kept constant and the volumetric strain versus time was recorded.

In the second stage, if there is a point in the volumetric strain versus time curve having the following characteristics, the point is the contraction inflection point. The characteristic of this point is: the curvature of the curve is greatest at this point, and the volumetric strain rate after this point is much lower than the average rate in the second stage before, only a few tenths to a fraction of the rate before, and even lower. Within the range of the water-cement ratio or the water-glue ratio, the material has certain static shear strength when a shrinkage turning point occurs.

If no turning point appears in the curve of the volume strain and the time relation in the second stage, which indicates that the starting time of the second stage is too late, the turning point appears in the curve of the second stage by shortening the time length of the first stage. If the material is still in a flowable state at the beginning of the second stage, it must be possible to find the turning point. Even if the material has a certain static shear strength at the moment when the second stage starts, a turning point can occur if the strength is not sufficiently high.

Time to reach the inflection point of contraction

The starting point time is the moment when the pressure of the newly-mixed cement-based material just begins to rise after the newly-mixed cement-based material is placed in a closed environment; the end point time is the time corresponding to the transition point in the curve; the length of the time from the start point to the end point is referred to as the time to reach the contraction turning point.

Pressure source

Devices capable of providing pressure to a fluid, such as pumps, accumulators, and the like.

The pressure source in the volume compensation device that directly drives the flow of B2 material in a flowable state is selected from the range of: grouting pump, accumulator, piston pressure device. The piston pressurization device is similar to a hydraulic jack, hydraulic oil is replaced by B2 material, when load is applied to the piston, the pressure of the B2 material in the 'oil cylinder' is increased, and the material is injected into the B2 area in the cavity of the combined structure along a pipeline connected with the material.

Post-processing method

If the pressurizing means is a pressurizing piston, the post-processing method is to saw off the exposed portion of the piston. The material in the cavity in contact with the piston is strong enough to resist the stress variations imparted to the B1 and B2 materials by the loss of external force on the piston rod during sawing.

If the pressurizing device is a pipeline communicated with the cavity and an external pressurizing device, the post-processing method is to remove the pressurizing device and saw off the pipeline filled with the B2 material. The B1 or B2 material near the mouth of the part a in the cavity is strong enough to prevent collapse due to stress reissue when the pipeline is sawn.

If the pressurizing device is a built-in volume compensation device, the post-treatment method is to discharge the gas or liquid therein and inject the solidifiable material therein. In doing so, the strength of the B1 and B2 materials is sufficient to resist the pressure imbalance caused by the removal of the volume compensation device; the change of the stress state of the material in the cavity does not reduce or slightly reduces the long-term strength of the corresponding material.

Examples

The following describes the composite structure and the method for manufacturing the same in detail with reference to the embodiments and the drawings.

Example 1-type I section (FIGS. 5 and 6)

The steel pipe cement mortar composite structure is shown in fig. 5 and 6 at a certain stage in the manufacturing process. The part A consists of a steel pipe 11, a lower plugging plate 12 and an upper plugging plate 13. A threaded circular hole 121 is provided at the center of the lower closure plate 12, and a threaded circular hole connected to a construction pipe 51 is also provided at the center of the upper closure plate 13. When the construction is completed, the construction pipe 51 will be removed or sawn off.

The steel pipe 11 of the part A is made of Q345 steel, and the yield strength is 345 MPa. The steel pipe 11 is a seamless steel pipe, and has an outer diameter of 245mm and a wall thickness of 12 mm. The fluid pressure in the cavity that can be tolerated at both ends of part a is greater than that of the side walls.

In the cavity of part a is mounted a spacer 3 comprising side walls and upper and lower end plates, the lower end plate sealing the lower end, the upper end plate leaving a circular hole 331 in its central region. The thickness of the side wall of the isolation device is 1mm, the thickness of the upper end plate and the lower end plate is 2mm, and the isolation device is made of A3 steel. The fixing device 41 is arranged between the isolating device and the side wall 11 of the part A, and is connected with the lower plugging plate 12 of the part A through the fixing device 42.

The material of the part 21 of B1 is cement mortar, the cement is PI type portland cement, and the final setting time is less than 6 hours. The material of part 22 of B2 is a set retarding reactive powder concrete that also has fluidity when aged 10 hours. The B1 material is in the cavity inside the isolation device 3; the B2 material is in the gap between the spacer 3 and part a; the inner wall of part a is in contact with only B2 and not with the B1 material.

Construction method of part A and isolation device

(1) Welding the steel pipe 11 of the part A and a lower plugging plate 12 together;

(2) installing the isolation device 3 inside the steel pipe;

(3) and connecting the upper plugging plate to the upper end of the steel pipe. The connection can be realized by adopting a welding method; a flange plate can also be arranged at the upper end of the steel pipe, and the upper plugging plate is connected to the flange plate.

Method for injecting B1 and B2 materials

The construction pipe 51 is first connected to the circular hole of the upper end portion 13 of a, and then the work of injecting the material is performed. During or after the injection, the exciter can be fixed on the side wall of the steel pipe A, vibration is applied to the whole steel pipe, the materials B1 and B2 are compacted, and air mixed in the materials is exhausted.

Method 1 (two-step injection)

(1) Cement mortar (material B1) is injected into the inner cavity 21 of the isolation device 3 through the construction pipe 51, and the injection hole 121 is kept unclosed during the injection process so as to exclude air. When injecting the B1 material, the construction pipe 51 can be extended into the opening 311 of the isolation device; after the injection of B1 is completed, the construction pipe is lifted again so that its lower end enters the gap between the spacer and the inner wall of a. After the B1 injection is completed, the B1 material adhered to the inner wall of the construction pipe 51 is cleaned.

(2) After B1 has filled or nearly filled the internal cavity of isolator 3, (which cannot be raised above isolator 3), the space between isolator 3 and part a is filled with a delayed RPC (B2) until material B2 is near the point where it fills the cavity of construction pipe 51. If the previously filled B1 material did not fill the isolator, the B2 would fill the remainder of it. The method of injection B2 was to connect a pipe to the irrigation hole 121 and the slow setting RPC (B2) was squeezed through the pipe into the space between the isolation device 3 and part a 1 and finally into the bore 52 of the construction pipe. During the injection of B2, air was vented from the service pipe.

Method 2 (synchronous or staggered injection)

(1) The B1 and B2 materials are injected synchronously or the B1 and B2 materials are injected alternately, keeping the difference between the injection height of the B1 and the injection height of the B2 within a required range. In this method, a supply tube is inserted through the service pipe aperture 52 into the cavity of the isolator, and B1 material is injected through the tube. A gap is left between the supply pipe and the inner wall of the service pipe 51 so that air can be removed from the gap when the B1 and B2 materials are injected. The B2 material was injected by connecting a fine tube to the circular hole 121 of the lower end closure plate 12 of the part a and injecting the B2 material through the fine tube.

(2) After the material B1 has filled or nearly filled the cavity of the isolator 3, the B1 material injection is stopped and the feed pipe is pulled out of the bore of the service pipe 51. But continues to inject B2 material until almost the entire service pipe bore 52 is filled.

Method 3 (Pre-injection of carbon dioxide gas)

(1) Carbon dioxide gas is injected into the cavity to replace the original air.

(2) The B1 and B2 materials are injected simultaneously, or the B1 and B2 materials are injected alternately, keeping the difference between the injection height of B1 and the injection height of B2 within a required range. The material B1 is directly injected from the construction pipe 51, the material B2 is injected from the lower round hole 121 of the A, and air is not considered to be exhausted in the injection process.

(3) Stopping the injection of the B1 material after the B1 material is full or nearly full of the isolation device 3; but continues to inject B2 material until almost the entire service pipe bore 52 is filled.

Since carbon dioxide is soluble in water, the greater the pressure the higher the solubility. In the latter pressurization process, the carbon dioxide is dissolved by the moisture in the RPC and finally reacts with the cement mortar and the components of the RPC to be converted into a solid. There is no need to remove carbon dioxide during the injections of B1 and B2.

3. Pressurization method

When the injection of the components B1 and B2 is completed, the tube connected to the circular hole 121 at the lower end of the component A is removed, and the injection hole 121 is sealed with a plug. The volume compensating device (pressurizing device) is connected to the construction pipe 51. Pressure is applied to the B2 material in the service pipe hole 52 over a designed time frame and a designed pressure frame.

(1) Determining a hydrostatic pressure design value P to be applied₀

Determining the maximum hydrostatic pressure P based on the maximum pressure inside the cavity that part A can withstand_M. In designing the end of section a, it is ensured that the end of section a can withstand a hydrostatic pressure greater than or equal to that of the side wall of the tube. Calculating the maximum pressure P which can be borne by the side wall of the part A according to a thin-wall barrel formula_M。

Hydrostatic pressure P applied to B2 material₀Is taken as P₀33MPa, satisfies P₀＜P_M。

(2) Determining a time horizon for volume compensation

Note that the time at which the cement in the B1 material was mixed with water was the zero point of its age. The injection of the B1 and B2 materials into the cavity of part a was completed before the age of the B1 material reached 40 minutes. Before the age of the B1 material reaches 50 minutes, the pressure of the B2 material is applied to 33MPa by the volume compensation device within 10 minutes, and then the pressure in the construction pipe hole 52 is kept constant, wherein the end time of the constant pressure is later than the time when the B2 material starts to lose the fluidity.

4. Post-processing method of volume compensation device

When the B1 and B2 materials have enough strength, the volume compensation device is removed, and then the construction pipe is removed and post-processed. There are at least the following three methods for removing the construction pipe and post-treatment.

The first method is to saw the construction pipe from its root together with the internal hardened RPC.

The second method is that a tool is used for twisting the construction pipe, the solidified B2 material in the pipe is twisted off, and the construction pipe is removed; then, the pit left after the construction pipe is removed is filled with a proper amount of a solidifiable material, and the surface is ground.

The third method is the same as the first few steps of the second method except that after the construction pipe is removed, a threaded cylinder is screwed into the circular hole instead of the construction pipe, and the pit left by the construction pipe before screwing can be filled with a portion of settable material.

It is recommended to try to saw or remove the construction pipe within the age range of 48-72 hours of B2 material, and the strength of the material can resist the pressure imbalance caused by removing the construction pipe.

One part of the volume compensation device is filled with RPC, and the RPC is discarded together after solidification, and the part is disposable consumables.

Example 2-type II section (FIGS. 7, 8)

The near-finished concrete filled steel tube composite structure is shown in fig. 7 and 8. The part A of the structure consists of a steel pipe 11, a lower plugging plate 12 and an upper plugging plate 13. A feeding circular hole 131 is reserved at the eccentric position of the upper plugging plate 13 and is used for injecting B1 material; and a piston hole is formed in the central position of the upper plugging plate, a pressurizing piston 6 is inserted into the hole, the surface of the pressurizing piston is smooth, and a sealing ring is arranged between the piston and the hole wall. The steel pipe is internally provided with an isolating device 3, the device is an iron pipe with round holes distributed on the surface, the diameter of each round hole is 5-7 mm, the outer side of the iron pipe is wrapped with a metal net, meshes are square, and the width of each eye can be selected between 0.5-2 mm. Iron pipes serving as spacers are fixed to the upper and lower closure plates of the section a.

Part a can withstand an internal fluid pressure of 55MPa, taking 50MPa for the pressure applied to the B1, B2 material in the cavity.

The material B1 is high-strength concrete containing coarse aggregate; the B2 material is retarding active powder concrete, and the maximum grain size of the used quartz sand is 0.635 mm. The time for the B2 material to flow under 50MPa is at least 15 hours longer than the time for the B1 material to reach 20MPa under the same pressure.

B1 material is injected into the steel pipe through the feed circular hole 131 before the piston 6 is placed, and vibration is applied to the steel pipe during or after the injection is completed. When the B1 material is full, the feed round hole 131 is plugged with a plug. Subsequently, a thin tube is used to inject the B2 material through the piston bore into the cavity 22 of the isolator 3, and the injection is stopped when the fill is nearly full. The seal ring is then placed in the piston bore, and the piston is inserted into the bore. When the piston 6 is pushed into the cavity A, the B2 material is extruded, the B2 material flows out of the distribution holes of the iron pipe, and pressure is applied to the B1 material. If too much B2 material flows out of the iron pipe holes, the metal mesh may be torn, which is allowed.

The B1, B2 materials were loaded into the respective cavities within 35 minutes after the cement was mixed with water, and the pressure of the B2 material was applied to 50MPa within the following 15 minutes, and then this pressure was maintained. If the load applied to the outer end of the pressurizing piston 6 is constant, the compressive stress in the B2 material in a flowing state is also constant. The load applied to the outer end of the piston 6 is maintained constant until the strength of the B2 material meets the following requirements: when the load at the outer end of the piston is removed, the deformation and the movement of the piston do not influence the long-term strength of the materials B1 and B2 in the cavity.

Example 3-type II section (FIGS. 9, 10)

As shown in fig. 9 and 10, the steel pipe concrete composite structure is composed of a steel pipe 11, a lower plugging plate 12 and an upper plugging plate 13 in part a. The cavity of part A is provided with an isolating device which is composed of

corrugated iron plates

31 and 32, and the corrugated plates are fixed on the inner wall of the steel pipe. The corrugated plate surrounding area 22 is filled with material B2, the

areas

211 and 212 between the steel pipe and the corrugated plate are filled with material B1, and retarding and friction reducing materials are coated on all the areas in the inner wall of part A, which are in contact with the material B1.

Part a is able to withstand a maximum of 55MPa of fluid pressure in the cavity, with 50MPa of pressure being applied to the B1 and B2 materials after they have been filled into the cavity.

The material B1 is reactive powder concrete, and the material B2 is delayed coagulation reactive powder concrete. Under the action of hydrostatic pressure of 50MPa at room temperature, the time for the B1 material to reach the shrinkage turning point is 20 hours, and the flowable time length of the B2 material is more than 25 hours.

Filling right cavity 211 and left cavity 212 with B1 material through

holes

121 and 122, respectively, until full; the corrugated board surrounding area 22 is filled with B2 material through the service pipe holes 52 until the B2 material is nearly full of the service pipe holes 52.

The filling of the B1 and B2 materials into the steel pipe cavity was completed within 40 minutes after the cement was mixed with water. Subsequently, the pressure of the B2 material in the cavity was increased to 50MPa within 20 minutes; the pressure was then maintained constant until the B2 material lost fluidity. Thereafter, the B2 material in the construction pipe hole is kept undisturbed, and when the B2 material has sufficient strength, the construction pipe 51 is sawn. The time criteria for sawing the construction pipe was chosen to remove the pressure imbalance caused by the construction pipe without affecting the long term strength of the B1 and B2 materials in the composite structure.

Example 4-type II section (FIGS. 11, 12)

The combined structure is shown in fig. 11 and 12, in which the same is applied except that the separator is different from that of embodiment 3. The isolation device is composed of a C-shaped corrugated plate 31 and a reverse C-shaped corrugated plate 32, and the corrugated plates are directly placed into the hollow cavity of the steel pipe and are not connected with the steel pipe and the upper and lower plugging plates. A number of point-like supports are placed between the two corrugated sheets to maintain proper spacing between the two sheets when B1 material is injected into

regions

211 and 212.

Before filling the B1 and B2 materials, the retarding and antifriction materials are coated on the whole inner wall of the cavity of the part A.

The method for filling the cavity with the B1 and B2 materials is as follows: b1 material is injected into region 211 and region 212 simultaneously, and when the appropriate height or fill is reached, B2 material is injected into region 22. In order to prevent the B1 material from entering between the corrugated sheet and the steel pipe immediately after injection, the transverse ends of the corrugated sheet may be adhered to the inner wall of the steel pipe with adhesive tape or the like prior to injection.

After the filling of the B1 and B2 materials was completed, pressure was applied to the B2 portion using an external volume compensation device in the same manner as in example 3.

Example 5-type I and type III sections (FIGS. 13, 14, 15)

As shown in fig. 13, 14 and 15, the steel pipe concrete composite structure is composed of a steel pipe 11, a lower plugging plate 12 and an upper plugging plate 13 in part a. In the cavity of part a is mounted a spacer comprising a lower end plate 32, a thin-walled cylinder 31, an upper end plate 33, an inner thin-walled cylinder 34 and a back-flow cap 35. The anti-backflow cap has the following functions: during the injection of the B1 material, the B1 material in region 21 is prevented from flowing upward; during the application of pressure to the B2 material in a flowable state, the B2 material in the inner thin-walled cylinder 34 is allowed to flow downward. Between the spacer and part a there are fixing

means

41 and 42. The upper closure plate 13 of part a is provided with a circular aperture 131 which faces a circular aperture 331 in the upper end plate of the spacer. A circular hole is arranged in the center of the upper plugging plate 13 of the part A, a pressurizing piston 6 is inserted in the circular hole, and a sealing ring is arranged between the piston and the wall of the circular hole.

The material B1 is reactive powder concrete, and the material B2 is delayed coagulation reactive powder concrete. Regions 21 are filled with B1 material and

regions

22 and 221 are filled with B2 material.

The filling method of the B1 and B2 materials comprises the following steps.

(1) A feed narrow tube is inserted into the area 21 through the circular hole 131 of section a and the circular hole 331 of the separator, and B1 material is injected therein through the narrow tube until the area is filled or nearly filled. Care should be taken not to allow B1 material to escape from isolator circular aperture 331. A gap is left between the supply pipe and the circular hole 331, and air can be discharged from the gap.

(2) The height of the pressurizing piston is adjusted so that it can block the central circular hole of the upper blocking plate 13, but is not inserted into the thin-walled cylinder 34 in the spacer.

(3) The material B2 is injected from the lower end circular hole 121 of a, and the upper end circular hole 131 is opened for discharging air. After the material B2 fills all of the interstitial regions 22 and regions 221, the lower end circular hole 121 and the upper end circular hole 131 of a are plugged.

When the filling is complete, a load is applied to the pressurizing piston until the pressure of the B2 material reaches 50MP, after which the load is held constant. After the strength of the B2 material reaches the desired value, the pressure piston is sawn off the root.

Example 6-type III section (FIGS. 16, 17, 18)

The steel pipe concrete composite structure is shown in fig. 16, 17 and 18, wherein part a comprises a steel pipe 11, a lower plugging plate 12 and an upper plugging plate 13. The isolation device comprises an outer cylinder 31, a lower end plate 32 and an inner cylinder 34, and a support rod 412 is arranged between the inner cylinder 34 and the outer cylinder 31. Between the separating means and part a fixing means 411 and 42 are arranged. An eccentric circular hole 131 and a central circular hole are provided in the upper closure plate of section a, through which the pressurizing piston 6 can pass into the bore of the inner cylinder 34 of the isolation device.

The material B1 is reactive powder concrete, and the material B2 is delayed coagulation reactive powder concrete. After the filling is completed, the B1 material is in the region 21 between the inner and outer cylinders of the separator, and the B2 material is in the steel pipe inner side region 221 of the part a, the lower closure plate 12 inner side region 222, the upper closure plate 13 inner side region 223, and the separator inner cylinder 34 surrounding region 224.

The B1 material is filled by injecting B1 material into the region 21 through a narrow tube passing through the circular hole 131, and stopping when B1 is filled to the upper edge of the inner and outer cylinders near the spacer. The B2 material was filled by passing a thin tube through the pressurized piston bore and the isolator inner barrel to the lower end region 222, and injecting the B2 material through this tube until all of the remaining regions in the cavity of part a were filled.

The pressurizing piston is inserted and pushed downwards until the compressive stress of the B2 material reaches the design value. The load applied to the outer end of the piston is proportional to the compressive stress experienced by the B2 material.

Example 7- (FIG. 19, FIG. 20)

The combined structure is shown in fig. 19 and 20, the larger area 21 in the cavity of the part a is filled with B1 material, the inner area 22 of the upper blocking plate is filled with B2 material, and no isolation device is arranged between the B1 and the B2 material. Retarding and antifriction layers are adhered to all the side walls in the cavity and the inner side of the lower plugging plate.

B1 is super-high-strength concrete containing coarse aggregate, and B2 is retarding active powder concrete. The flowable time of the B2 material was at least 10 hours longer than the time for the B1 material to reach the shrinkage-break point at the same temperature and pressure.

After the material is filled, the external volume compensation device is connected with the central circular hole of the upper plugging plate of the A through the construction pipe 51, and the material B2 is filled in the volume compensation device. The pressure is applied to the material B2 in the cavity of part A, and the pressure is maintained within the required upper and lower limits after the designed value is reached. When the B2 material is still fluid after the shrinkage turning point of the B1 material occurs, the valve between the construction pipe and the pressure source is closed and the pressure source is removed. When the strength of the B1, B2 material is sufficiently high, the construction pipe 51 is sawn off. The pressure source may be a pump or a device similar to a hydraulic jack, and B2 material is used instead of hydraulic oil, and the pressure is applied to the B2 material by pushing a piston.

Example 8-I type section (FIGS. 21 and 22)

The steel pipe cement mortar composite structure is shown in fig. 21 and 22 at a certain stage in the manufacturing process.

The part A consists of a steel pipe 11, a lower plugging plate 12 and an upper plugging plate 13. A threaded round hole 121 is arranged at the central position of the lower plugging plate 12; a piston hole is arranged at the central position of the upper plugging plate 13, a pressurizing piston 51 is inserted in the hole, the surface of the pressurizing piston is smooth, and a sealing ring is arranged between the piston and the hole wall.

In the cavity of part a there is mounted an isolation device 3, which is the same as in example 1.

During construction, the interior of the isolator is filled with the B1 material, B1 material being reactive powder concrete, through the piston hole of the upper end plate 13 and the hole 331 of the isolator 3 until the isolator is nearly filled. During filling, the B1 material cannot enter the area outside the isolator.

After the filling of the B1 is finished, the cavity of the A is filled with the B2 material through the central hole 121 of the lower end plate 12, the B2 material is slow setting active powder concrete, and the time corresponding to the initial loss of the fluidity of the concrete is 10 hours later than the time when the shrinkage turning point of the B1 material appears.

After the B2 material fill is complete, the bore 121 is plumbed to the volume compensator to allow the flow of B2 material in the line and in the volume compensator. The volume compensation device is similar to an accumulator in that a bladder is provided that can compress the flowable B2 material in the accumulator.

The pressurizing piston 51 is mounted in the central bore of the upper end plate 13 and is pushed down through the B2 area inside the upper end plate into the B1 material in the isolator. When the load on the piston reaches the design value, the piston is fixed and not allowed to move. During the process that the piston enters the B1 material area, the B1 material pushes the B2 material to flow, so that the B2 material presses an air bag in the energy accumulator, the volume of the air bag is contracted, and the pressure is slightly increased. Thereafter, while the position of the pressurizing piston 51 is kept constant, when the materials B1 and B2 contract, the air bag expands, filling the volume change of the two materials.

Example 9-section type IV (FIG. 23)

The cross section of the composite structure is shown in fig. 23, the larger area 21 and the smaller area 22 of the cavity of part a 1 are filled with B1 and B2 materials, respectively, with the separation means 3 between the B1 and B2 materials. B1 is super-high-strength concrete containing coarse aggregate, and B2 is retarding active powder concrete. Under the same temperature and pressure, the fluidity of the B2 material ended 5 hours later than the shrinkage turning point of the B1 material.

The pressurizing method comprises the following steps:

after the materials B2 and B1 are filled completely, when the materials B2 and B1 are in a flowable state, pressure is applied to the material B2, the pressure is maintained to fluctuate within a required range after the designed value is reached, and the pressure is maintained to be over after the material B2 has certain strength.

Of course, the combined structure of the invention is not limited to the cylindrical structure, and can be in other shapes without affecting the realization of the invention.

Up to this point, the present embodiment has been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. From the above description, those skilled in the art should clearly recognize the present invention.

It is to be noted that, in the attached drawings or in the description, the implementation modes not shown or described are all the modes known by the ordinary skilled person in the field of technology, and are not described in detail.

It should also be noted that the present invention may provide exemplary for parameters that include particular values, but these parameters need not be exactly equal to the corresponding values, but may be approximated to the corresponding values within acceptable error tolerances or design constraints. The directional terms used in the embodiments are only directions referring to the drawings, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, unless steps are specifically described or must occur in sequence, the order of the steps is not limited to that listed above and may be changed or rearranged as desired by the desired design. The embodiments described above may be mixed and matched with each other or with other embodiments based on design and reliability considerations, i.e., technical features in different embodiments may be freely combined to form further embodiments.

It should be noted that throughout the drawings, like elements are represented by like or similar reference numerals. In the following description, some specific embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the present invention in any way, but merely as exemplifications of embodiments of the invention. Conventional structures or constructions will be omitted when they may obscure the understanding of the present invention. It should be noted that the shapes and sizes of the respective components in the drawings do not reflect actual sizes and proportions, but merely illustrate the contents of the embodiments of the present invention.

The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1.A composite structure comprising a part a and a part B; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

(1) the part A encloses a cavity, the part B fills in the cavity, and the part B comprises part B1 and part B2;

(2) the B1 and B2 materials have at least one of the following characteristics of A, B and C,

(i) the first characteristic is that,

at the stage where the material of the B1 and/or B2 parts is in a flowable state, during one, more than one, or all of the periods, the B1 and B2 parts are both subjected to a pre-stressing force;

and/or

During solidification of the B1 and/or B2 part materials, the B1 and B2 part materials are both subjected to a pre-compressive stress or a residual pre-compressive stress for a time period, or for a plurality of time periods, or for a full period therein;

(ii) the characteristic B is that,

at a stage when the material of part B1 and/or B2 is in a flowable state, the material of both parts B1 and B2 is subjected to pressure for at least some period of time therein;

(iii) the third characteristic is that,

after the B1 part material and the B2 part material both solidify, the B1 and B2 part materials are subjected to a pre-compressive stress or a residual pre-compressive stress;

the residual pre-stress means that after the materials B1 and B2 are solidified, the materials B1 and/or B2 shrink, the original pre-stress in the materials becomes smaller, and the reduced pre-stress is the residual pre-stress.

2. A composite structure according to claim 1, wherein part B2 fills at least the space between part B1 and part a and/or the surrounding or partially surrounding space of part B1.

3. The composite structure of claim 1 wherein said composite structure has at least one of the following characteristics:

(1) at least a part of the boundary of the part B2 is in direct contact with the inner wall of the part a,

(2) at least a part of the boundary of the part B1 is in direct contact with the inner wall of the part a,

(3) at least a portion of the boundary of the B1 part is in direct contact with at least a portion of the boundary of the B2 part,

(4) at least a portion of the boundary of the B1 segment is separated from at least a portion of the boundary of the B2 segment by a separation device.

4. A composite structure according to claim 1 or 3,

the composite structure further comprises a sheet of material separating at least a portion of the boundary of part B2 from the inner wall of part a and/or separating at least a portion of the boundary of part B1 from the inner wall of part a; the thin layer material comprises a retarding antifriction layer or an extension of the layered separator.

5. The composite structure of claim 1 wherein said B1 part material and said B2 part material are both settable materials, said B1 and B2 part materials being in a flowable state during the filling of said cavities with said B1 part material and said B2 part material; at some point after completion of overfill, the B1 and B2 portions of material are in a solidified state and the solidification process is complete inside the cavity.

6. The composite structure of claim 1, further comprising a built-in volume compensation device located inside said cavity for applying a pre-compressive stress to the B1 and/or B2 material in the cavity; when the volume of the part B1 and/or the part B2 changes, the built-in volume compensation device can change the volume of the built-in volume compensation device along with the change of the volume of the part B1 and/or the part B2.

7. A composite structure according to claim 6, characterized in that said built-in volume compensation means are,

and a sac, disposed within the cavity, surrounded by B2 and/or B1 material.

8. A composite structure as claimed in claim 6 or claim 7, wherein, after sufficient strength has been achieved in the B1 and B2 materials,

9. The composite structure of claim 1, further comprising a pressurizing piston; the pressurizing piston is matched with a piston hole, the piston hole is arranged on the part A, a sealing ring is arranged in the hole, the pressurizing piston is arranged in the piston hole, and the piston can slide in the piston hole; if the pressurizing piston is inserted into the cavity in the area of the part B1 and/or B2, the piston presses the B1 and/or B2 material in the cavity, raising its pressure; the pressurizing piston is a device that applies a pre-compressive stress to the B1 and/or B2 material in the cavity.

10. The combination of claim 9 wherein the pressurizing piston is removed after sufficient strength has been achieved in said B1 and B2 materials in the cavity.

11. A composite structure according to claim 10, characterized in that one of said solutions for removing the pressurizing piston is to saw the exposed part of the piston rod directly from the root.

12. A composite structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper limit of the pre-stress applied to the portion B2 and/or B1 in the cavity lies in the interval: 0.1 to 7MPa, or 7 to 15MPa, or 15 to 30MPa, or 30 to 60MPa, or 60 to 90MPa, or 90 to 120MPa, or more than 120 MPa.

13. The composite structure of claim 1 wherein said a portion is a solid material; the solid material comprises a metal material, a high polymer material, an inorganic non-metal material, a fiber composite material and a laminated plate.

14. A composite structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein said portion B1 is a cement-based material.

15. The composite structure of claim 14, wherein the portion B1 is selected from the group consisting of set cement, cement mortar, concrete with coarse aggregate, reactive powder concrete, fiber cement mortar, fiber concrete, and fiber reactive powder concrete.

16. The composite structure of claim 1 wherein said B2 portion material comprises one or a combination of:

cement-based materials, high molecular materials, mixtures of high molecular materials and cement-based materials.

17. The composite structure of claim 16 wherein the material of portion B2 comprises one or a combination of: the concrete comprises a retarding cement-based material, a retarding polymer material, a mixture of the retarding polymer material and the cement-based material, a mixture of the polymer material and the retarding cement-based material, a mixture of the retarding polymer material and an inorganic nonmetal settable material, a mixture of the retarding polymer material and solid particles which do not participate in chemical reaction;

18. The composite structure of claim 1, further comprising an isolation device located in the cavity; a separator is between the sections B1 and B2; the B1 and B2 portions may be co-bounded and/or separated by a separator.

19. The composite structure of claim 18, wherein the isolation device is a cylindrical structure that is open at one end or open at both ends.

20. The composite structure of claim 18, wherein the composite structure further comprises a fixture for the isolation device between the isolation device and the a-portion.

21. The composite structure of claim 1, wherein the part a comprises a pipe, and a lower and an upper plugging plate connected to the pipe.

22. The composite structure of claim 1 wherein the composite structure has an axis and the cross-section of the composite structure normal to the axis is one of type I, type II, type III, type IV;

the I-shaped section is characterized in that in the cross section, the B1 material area is a single communication area, and all or most of the boundary line of the area is also the inner boundary line of the B2 material area or is separated from the inner boundary line of B2 by only one layer of isolating device; in cross-section, the B2 material region is between part B1 and part a;

the section II is characterized in that in the section, part B2 is a single communication region, and all or most of the boundary line of the region B2 is the inner boundary line of the region B1 or is separated from the inner boundary line of the region B1 by only one layer of isolating device; the B1 material region is between the B2 material region and the A region;

the type III cross section is characterized in that: the core area on the cross section is a single communication area and is filled with B21 material; all or most of the boundaries of the B21 material region in cross section overlap with some of the boundaries of the B1 material region, or are separated therefrom by a layer of separation means; the B1 material region is surrounded by the B22 material region, either entirely or mostly, the B1 material region is in direct contact with the B22 material region, or there is a separation means between the two; the B22 material region is between the B1 material region and the A part region;

the said type IV section is characterized in that the whole area in the cavity on the section is divided into two areas B1 and B2, both in contact with the inner wall of part a or separated by a thin layer of material, respectively, and the areas B1 and B2 have a common boundary or are separated by a separating means.

23. The composite structure of claim 22, wherein,

when the cross section of the composite structure is a type II cross section, a retarding antifriction layer is arranged between the part A and the material B1; and/or the first and/or second light sources,

when the cross-section of the composite structure is type III, the B21 material is the same material as the B22 material.

24. The composite structure of claim 22 wherein, in a composite structure having a type III cross-section, both the region of section B1 and the region of section B22 are annular regions.

25. The composite structure of claim 22 wherein, in the composite structure having type III cross-section, the three-dimensional spatial region corresponding to part B21 and the three-dimensional spatial region corresponding to part B22 are connected at some cross-section or are separated by only a thin layer of material.

26. The composite structure of claim 22 wherein the B21 and B22 part materials are relatively more fluid than the B1 part materials for at least one period of time in the time range from the time the B1 part materials have static shear strength under triaxial compressive stress conditions until the time the cement in the B1 part materials is completely hydrated.

27. The composite structure of claim 1 or 22, wherein the B2 part material has relatively higher fluidity than the B1 part material, from the time when the B1 part material has just had static shear strength under triaxial compressive stress conditions until the time when the hydration of the cement in the B1 part material is completed, for at least a period of time within this time range.

28. The composite structure of claim 1 wherein the composite structure has an axis and the cross-section of the composite structure over a length along the axis is one of three sections: type I, type II, type III cross sections;

the type III cross section is characterized in that: the core area on the cross section is a single communication area and is filled with B21 material; all or most of the boundaries of the B21 material region in cross section overlap with some of the boundaries of the B1 material region, or are separated therefrom by a layer of separation means; the B1 material region is surrounded by the B22 material region, either entirely or mostly, the B1 material region is in direct contact with the B22 material region, or there is a separation means between the two; the B22 material region is between the B1 material region and the a-portion region.

29. The composite structure of claim 1, further comprising a retarding friction reducing layer disposed between said portion B1 and said portion a for reducing or eliminating shear stress at the interface therebetween.

30. The composite structure of claim 29 wherein the retarding friction reducing layer loses fluidity later than the shrinkage transition point of the B1 material.

31. The composite structure of claim 1 wherein the composite structure is a compression member comprising a columnar structure having a straight axis and an arch structure having a curved axis.

32. The composite structure of claim 31, wherein the cross-section of the columnar structure is circular, elliptical, polygonal.

33. The composite structure of claim 1 wherein after fabrication, the composite structure is reworked to form another component.

34. The composite structure according to claim 1, wherein after the compression member is manufactured, one or both of the end plates are removed, or a part of the tube is removed and processed into another member.

35. The composite structure of claim 1, wherein the composite structure is hexahedral or cubic in shape; the hexahedron or the cube is used for assembling a column or a wall.

36. A method of making a composite structure comprising:

manufacturing a part A surrounding a cavity;

filling part B into the cavity and applying pressure, comprising: filling the cavity with part B1 and part B2, applying pressure to the part B1 and/or B2;

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

there is a time interval between the flowable state end time of the B2 part material and the flowable state end time of the B1 part material; and/or the first and/or second light sources,

the B2 portion material has relatively higher fluidity than the B1 portion material for some time, or all of the time, from the time the B1 portion, B2 portion material fills the cavity until the strength of the B1 portion material reaches the final strength.

37. The method of claim 36, wherein said B2 portion fills the space between said B1 and a portions; and/or the part B2 is filled in the space surrounded or partially surrounded by the part B1.

38. The method of claim 36, wherein the composite structure has at least one of the following characteristics:

39. The method of manufacturing as claimed in claim 36 or 38,

40. The method of claim 36 wherein if pressure is applied to the B2 portion when the B2 material is in a flowable state, the B2 portion transmits pressure to the B1 portion; and/or, when the B1 material is in a flowable state, the B1 portion transmits pressure to the B2 portion if pressure is applied to the B1 portion.

41. The method of claim 36 or 40, wherein the part A is a solid material and the part B is a settable material.

42. The method of claim 36 wherein said portion B1 is an inorganic non-metallic settable material.

43. The method of claim 36, wherein said portion B1 is a cement-based material; by cementitious material is meant a material that contains cement and that is accompanied by hydration of the cement during setting.

44. The method of claim 36, wherein the material of portion B2 includes at least one of: cement-based materials, high molecular materials, mixtures of high molecular materials and cement-based materials.

45. The method of claim 44, wherein the material of portion B2 includes at least one of: the concrete is characterized by comprising a retarding cement-based material, a retarding polymer material, a mixture of the retarding polymer material and the cement-based material, a mixture of the polymer material and the retarding cement-based material, a mixture of the retarding polymer material and an inorganic nonmetal settable material, the retarding polymer material and a solid particle mixture which does not participate in chemical reaction.

46. The method of claim 36 wherein during filling of the cavity enclosed by part a, the B1 and B2 materials are in a flowable state; after a certain time after the filling is completed, they start to solidify in the cavity one after the other.

47. The method of claim 36, wherein the portion a of the composite structure is a tubular structure having an axial length greater than the distance between any two points along the cross-section of the tubular structure.

48. The method of claim 47, wherein said axial cylinder is one of: a cylinder, a prismatic cylinder, a truncated cone, a prismatic cylinder, and combinations thereof.

49. The method of claim 36, wherein the composite structure is a compression member comprising a cylindrical structure having a straight axis and an arcuate structure having a curved axis.

50. The method of claim 36, wherein said composite structure is a polyhedron used to assemble structures of complex shape.

51. The method of making as set forth in claim 36, wherein making a portion a that encloses a cavity comprises:

providing a pipe, a lower plugging plate and an upper plugging plate;

and connecting the lower plugging plate to the lower end of the pipe, and connecting the upper plugging plate to the upper end of the pipe to finish the manufacture of the part A which is surrounded with the cavity.

52. The method of manufacturing of claim 51, wherein the pipe is a steel pipe.

53. A method of manufacturing according to claim 51, wherein before attaching the lower closure plate to the lower end of the tube and/or before attaching the upper closure plate to the upper end of the tube, further comprising: installing an isolation device into the pipe.

54. The method of manufacturing of claim 53, wherein the isolation device is one of:

55. The method of manufacturing of claim 38, 53 or 54, wherein the isolation device is one of:

the waterproof plate is made of a waterproof plate with certain rigidity, holes or gaps are formed in the plate, and the plate is made of metal, a high polymer material or a composite material;

made of a flexible water impermeable film;

made of a water-permeable flexible fabric;

is made of a water-permeable net material with certain rigidity;

56. A method of making as claimed in claim 38 or 53 wherein said spacer is corrugated in cross-section.

57. The method of claim 36 wherein said part B1, part B2 material has at least one of the following properties:

(1) after the B1 part, B2 part material fills the cavity, the B2 part material has relatively higher flow than the B1 part material, from the point that the B1 part material has static shear strength until its static shear strength reaches an intermediate strength; the intermediate strength is 10% or 20% or 30% or 40% or 50% or 60% or 70% or 80% or 90% or 95% or 98% of the final static strength;

(2) after the B1 part, B2 part material filled the cavity, from the beginning of the B1 part material having static shear strength until the volume shrinkage transition point occurs, at least during which the B2 part material has relatively higher fluidity than the B1 part material;

(3) after the B1 part, B2 part material filled the cavity, at least during which the B2 part material had a relatively higher flow than the B1 part material, from the point at which the B1 part material had static shear strength to a point after the volume shrinkage break point occurred;

said one time after said inflection point of contraction occurs is determined by a ratio of the age of said B1 portion of material at said one time to the age of B1 material at said inflection point of volumetric contraction; said ratio is equal to 1.25 or 1.5 or 1.75 or 2.0 or 2.5 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 10 or 15 or 20 or 30 or 40 or 50 or 75 or 100.

58. The method of claim 36, wherein prior to filling the cavity with part B1 and part B2 materials, further comprising providing part B1 and part B2 materials; the material has at least one of the following properties:

(1) the length of time that the B2 part material in the cavity is in a flowable state is greater than the length of time that the B1 part material occurs from completion of mixing to the transition point of contraction; the mixing is completed, namely all the components of the B1 material are mixed together and are stirred uniformly;

(2) the time when the B2 part material in the cavity begins to lose fluidity is later than the time when the shrinkage turning point of the B1 part material in the cavity occurs;

(3) the time at which the B2 part material in the cavity begins to lose fluidity is later than the time after the occurrence of the shrinkage turning point of the B1 part material; said one time after the onset of said inflection point of contraction is determined by a ratio of the age of the material at said one time B1 to the age of the material at B1 at the inflection point of contraction; said ratio being equal to 1.25 or 1.5 or 1.75 or 2.0 or 2.5 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 8 or 10 or 15 or 20 or 30 or 60 or 100;

(4) the point at which the B2 part material begins to lose fluidity in the cavity is later than the point at which the static strength of the B1 part material reaches an intermediate strength, which is 10% or 20% or 30% or 40% or 50% or 60% or 70% or 80% or 90% or 95% or 98% of the final static strength.

59. The method of claim 36, wherein said flowable state is one of the following characteristics:

(1) if the material is in a flowable state, the material has no or little static shear strength, whether or not subjected to hydrostatic pressure; the almost no static shear strength means that the static shear strength at that moment is very small, only a few tenths of a ten to a ten thousandth of the final strength, compared to the final static shear strength of the settable material;

(2) the material has no static uniaxial compressive strength, or little static uniaxial compressive strength, if the material is in a flowable state; the almost no static compressive strength means that the static compressive strength at that moment is very small, only a few tenths of a ten to a ten thousandth of the final strength, compared to the final static compressive strength of the settable material;

(3) if the material is in a flowable state, the material will continue to deform over time under any small shear forces; by small shear forces is meant that the shear forces are only a few tenths of a ten to a ten thousandth of the final static shear strength of the settable material at the moment of application of the shear forces.

60. The method of claim 36, wherein prior to applying pressure to the B1 and/or B2 part material, further comprising:

determining a range of pressure applied to the B2 and/or B1 portions; and

determining the time range of the applied pressure, wherein the applied pressure refers to increasing the pressure, and/or maintaining the constant pressure, and/or maintaining the pressure to be changed within a preset range.

61. The method of claim 36, wherein the upper limit of the pressure applied to the material of part B1 and/or B2 is in the interval: 0.1 to 7MPa, or 7 to 15MPa, or 15 to 30MPa, or 30 to 60MPa, or 60 to 90MPa, or 90 to 120MPa, or more than 120 MPa.

62. The method of claim 36 or any one of claims 57 to 59, wherein the B2 portion of the material is compressed directly during the time period, or some number of time periods, or the entire time period within the range of time that the B2 portion is in a flowable state, such that the pressure of the B2 portion of the material reaches the design requirement, and the B2 portion of the material transmits the pressure to the B1 portion.

63. The method of claim 36, or one of claims 57-59, wherein the pressure of the B2 portion of material in the cavity is maintained within a predetermined pressure range for a continuous period of time during which the B2 portion of material is in a flowable state;

the time frame that the B1 and B2 materials in the cavity are in a flowable state;

64. The method of manufacturing of any of claims 36 or 57 to 59, wherein the method of applying pressure to the B1 and/or B2 part material comprises at least one of:

(2) transferring pressure to the material used in the B2 and/or B1 portion of the cavity with a line communicating with the cavity and filled with B2 material; a conduit communicating with said cavity and filled with B2 material, connected to the area of the cavity in which part B2 is located;

65. The method of claim 64, wherein the built-in volume compensation device is placed in a cavity in the area of section B2, and when the section B1 material inside the cavity contracts and the section B2 material is in a flowable state or is capable of undergoing rheology, the volume compensation device expands, applying pressure to the section B2, pushing the section B2 material to fill the partially contracted volume of B1.

66. The method of manufacturing of claim 65, said built-in volume compensation device being an air or liquid bladder;

67. The method of making as claimed in claim 65, wherein said B1 and/or B2 portion is pressurized by:

68. The method of claim 66, wherein the bladder is connected by a conduit to an accumulator in addition to a source of hydraulic pressure other than the composite structure, the accumulator being configured to assist in maintaining the pressure within the design requirements.

69. The method of manufacturing of claim 64,

(1) when the piston is used for extruding the material of the B1 part and/or the B2 part in the cavity, one or more tubes filled with flowable B2 material are also used for connecting the B2 material area in the cavity with the external volume compensation device;

70. The method of claim 64, wherein a valve is disposed on a conduit connecting the cavity of part A with the external volume compensator; in the process of maintaining the pressure of the B2 material in the cavity to change within the design range, the valve is connected, and the medium in the pipeline can flow in and out; at a certain moment before the B2 material loses fluidity, the valve is closed, and the medium in the pipeline cannot flow; and (4) disassembling the external volume compensation device, and cleaning the solidifiable material in the external volume compensation device so as to enable the external volume compensation device to be repeatedly used.

71. The method of claim 64, wherein the pressure is transferred to the portion of the cavity B2 and/or B1 by a line communicating with the cavity and filled with B2 material, the other end of the line being connected to a pressurizing device, the pressurizing device maintaining the pressure in the line within a design range; a valve is arranged on the pipeline, and at a certain moment before the fluidity of the B2 material is lost, the valve is closed, the pressurizing device is disassembled, and the pressurizing device is cleaned for reuse.

72. The method of manufacturing of claim 64,

(1) maintaining the pressure applied to the outer end of the plunger rod until the B1 material and/or the B2 material has a predetermined strength when the material of the B1 portion and/or the B2 portion in the cavity is compressed using the plunger; the predetermined strength is capable of resisting stress variations caused by removal of pressure from the outer end of the piston rod;

73. The method of claim 36 or 57-59, wherein the portion of B2 in the cavity has a relatively higher fluidity than the portion of B1, and wherein the portion of B2 in the cavity is squeezed for a period of time, or for a plurality of periods of time, or throughout, by the squeezing device to increase the squeezing force, or by maintaining a constant squeezing force, or by maintaining a change in the squeezing force within a predetermined range.

74. The method of claim 73, wherein the B2 part material has a relatively higher flow than the B1 part material in the cavity, and the B1 material has a shear strength; in the time range satisfying the condition, the B2 material in the cavity is extruded, and the extrusion device is used for increasing the extrusion force, or maintaining the constant extrusion force, or maintaining the extrusion force to be changed within a preset range.

75. The method of claim 74, wherein the B2 material is extruded using a pressurized piston and/or a built-in volume compensation device; when the pressing means is a piston, said applying a constant pressing force means maintaining a load applied to the outer end of the piston constant; when the pressing means is a built-in volume compensation means, said applying a constant pressing force means keeping the fluid pressure in the air or liquid bladder constant.

76. The method of claim 72, wherein after the step of applying pressure to the material in the cavity is completed, post-processing of the pressurizing device is performed by one of:

77. The method of claim 36, wherein the composite structure has an axis, and wherein the cross-section of the composite structure over a length along the axis is one of three cross-sections: type I, type II, type III cross sections;

78. The method of claim 36, wherein prior to partially filling B1 in the cavity or prior to partially filling B2 in the cavity, further comprising: and filling carbon dioxide gas into the cavity.

79. The method of claim 77, wherein the thin-walled section of the separator in the type II cross-section includes a curved or broken line protruding toward the surrounding region of B2 material, and wherein the material B2 in the vicinity of the locations pushes the separator outward with little or no tensile stress in the tangential direction of the separator.

80. A manufacturing method of a combined structure is characterized by comprising the following steps: a composite structure formed by a method as claimed in any one of claims 36 to 78 and then removing portions thereof to allow it to be used as a further component.

81. A method of manufacturing a composite column, characterised by forming the column by a method according to any one of claims 51 to 56 and removing the blanking panels at one or both ends to leave a portion for further use as a column.

82. A composite structure produced by the method of any one of claims 36 to 79.