CN112573940B

CN112573940B - Multi-temperature maintenance manufacturing method of combined structure and combined structure

Info

Publication number: CN112573940B
Application number: CN202011035574.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王哲
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2019-09-27
Filing date: 2020-09-27
Publication date: 2023-12-01
Anticipated expiration: 2040-09-27
Also published as: CN112573940A

Abstract

A manufacturing method of a multi-temperature maintenance combined structure and the combined structure are provided, wherein the combined structure comprises a part A and a part B. The part A is provided with a cavity, the part B is a solidifiable material filled in the cavity, and the solidification process is under the action of pressure. The B part comprises a B1 part and a B2 part, wherein the B1 material is a cement-based material, the B2 material is a settable material, and the B2 material has relatively high fluidity than the B1 material. The B1 and B2 materials in the cavity of part a undergo a temperature-pressure process in the cavity. A combined column containing single columns, a lattice column containing single columns, wherein the single columns are manufactured by adopting a manufacturing method of a multi-temperature curing combined structure.

Description

Multi-temperature maintenance manufacturing method of combined structure and combined structure

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of buildings and bridges, in particular to a combined structure and a manufacturing method thereof.

Background

The concrete in the steel pipe concrete composite structure can shrink, so that separation occurs between the concrete and the inner wall of the steel pipe, the cooperative work between the concrete and the inner wall of the steel pipe is affected, and the mechanical property of the composite structure is further affected.

There are two main approaches to solving this problem in the prior art, the first being to alter the shrinkage characteristics of the concrete material, to reduce the amount of shrinkage as much as possible, or to allow the material to expand. This type of method is not relevant to the present invention and will not be described in detail.

The second type is to apply pressure to the concrete after it is filled into the steel pipe. The method of applying pressure is as follows.

The first pressurizing method is to install a thin pipe near the end of the steel pipe of the composite structure, the pipe is connected with a pressurizing device outside the steel pipe, the pressurizing device applies pressure to the concrete inside the thin pipe, and the thin pipe containing the concrete is sawed after the concrete has enough strength. When the concrete is in a flowable state, if the concrete in the steel pipe contracts, the pressurizing device can squeeze the concrete in the thin pipe into the steel pipe, so that the contracted volume of the concrete is filled. However, after the concrete has strength, the concrete in the steel pipe also contracts, and the concrete in the thin pipe cannot enter the steel pipe to fill the contraction volume of the concrete because the concrete cannot flow; this will cause a decrease in the pressure of the steel pipe against the concrete side and even a separation of the concrete from the inner surface of the steel pipe.

The second pressurizing method is as follows: the steel pipe with the combined structure is provided with two sections, one section is thick and the other section is thin, and the thick section is sleeved outside the thin section. After the concrete is filled in the steel pipes, the two sections of the steel pipes are sleeved together, a press machine is used for applying pressure to the two sections of the steel pipes along the axial direction, and the two sections of the pipes slide relatively along the axial direction, so that the pressure is applied to the concrete in the steel pipes. When the pressure is reached, the two sections of steel pipe are connected together and cannot move relatively. This approach also suffers from drawbacks. The concrete undergoes volume shrinkage both before and after setting. When two sections of steel pipes are fixed together, the concrete is still shrinking, the tangential tensile strain of the steel pipes is reduced when the concrete shrinks, the pressure applied to the side surfaces of the concrete by the steel pipes is reduced, and even the concrete is separated from the inner surfaces of the steel pipes.

The third pressurizing method is that two ends of the steel pipe are provided with 'pistons', the diameter of the 'pistons' is equal to the inner diameter of the steel pipe, and the 'pistons' can move in the steel pipe along the axial direction. When the concrete in the steel pipe is extruded, the loading device is used for extruding two pistons, and the pistons move in opposite directions to extrude the concrete in the steel pipe. The pressure applied to the piston is maintained until the concrete reaches a certain strength. The problem with this approach is that if the length to diameter ratio (length to diameter ratio) of the steel tube is long, its technical effect is not very good. For example, taking an aspect ratio of 7 (which in most cases is greater than this value in practical engineering), after the concrete is filled into the steel pipe, a constant force is applied to the "pistons" at both ends until the concrete reaches a sufficient strength. Because the concrete can shrink after solidification and even after having certain strength, at this time, the pressure of the piston can be counteracted or reduced due to the strength of the concrete and the bonding force and friction force between the concrete and the inner wall of the steel pipe, so that the axial compressive stress of the concrete in the middle of the length direction of the steel pipe is smaller than that of the two ends, and the larger the length-diameter ratio is, the smaller the axial compressive stress of the concrete in the middle of the steel pipe is. The radial compressive stress of the concrete in the middle of the length direction can be reduced along with the shrinkage of the concrete, and even the concrete can be separated from the steel pipe if the diameter of the steel pipe is larger.

High strength concrete (HPC) concrete, ultra high strength concrete (UHPC) and Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) burst at temperatures above 320 ℃. The high-strength concrete containing the fly ash and the silica fume is put into hot water with the temperature of 50-60 ℃ to be cured for 7 days immediately after pouring, and then is put into a curing chamber to be subjected to standard curing, wherein the 28-day strength of the high-strength concrete is higher than that of the high-strength concrete under the whole-process standard curing condition. When the RPC specimen of 72 hours age was subjected to dry heat curing for 8 hours, the specimen at the curing temperature of 250℃had the highest strength, and the strength of the specimens cured at above and below this temperature was lower than this value. Most experiments prove that the strength is highest at the temperature of 250 ℃ during dry heat curing. From the reaction mechanism of the internal components of the material, the higher the temperature is, the more favorable the strength of the material is for the reaction occurring inside the material within a certain range. However, if the temperature is higher than 320 ℃ under normal pressure, the material bursts, and even if the temperature is lower than 250 ℃, the steam generated in the material under the action of high temperature stretches the material, so that the material is damaged. The damage to the material due to stretching due to the vapor pressure alone does not increase in temperature to a significant extent. Experiments have shown that when a suitable confining pressure is applied externally to the RPC material, the RPC does not burst even at temperatures well above 320 ℃.

Disclosure of Invention

First, the technical problem to be solved

During setting and hardening, the cement undergoes chemical shrinkage, i.e. the absolute volume after hydration is less than the sum of the volumes of water and other various components involved in hydration before hydration. In the concrete-filled steel tube composite structure, the volume shrinkage of the concrete inside the steel tube often causes insufficient contact between the concrete and the inner wall of the steel tube and even separation, which makes the steel tube and the concrete not work cooperatively well. High-strength concrete, ultra-high-strength concrete and active powder concrete, because of more cement and active admixture in the concrete, the volume shrinkage is larger in the hardening process, and the steel pipe and the concrete cannot cooperatively work to represent more serious.

The strength of set cement is related to the voids in the set cement, with less voids and higher strength. In the setting and hardening process of cement, the cement is fully contracted or compressed, so that the gaps in the cement stone are reduced, and the strength of the cement stone is improved. The strength of cement mortar and concrete is related to the strength of cement stones, and the higher the strength of the cement stones is, the higher the strength of corresponding materials is. The matrix material in the reactive powder concrete is a mixture of cement, silica fume, quartz powder and the like and water, and the hydrated product is different from the traditional cement stone in terms of strength, but the strength is also related to the void content in the cement stone, and the lower the void, the higher the strength.

The axial strength of cement stones, cement mortar, concrete and reactive powder concrete is related to the lateral compressive stress, and the larger the lateral compressive stress is, the higher the strength is.

The invention aims to solve the following problems: (1) a method for manufacturing a high-strength combined structure; (2) Solves the problems of damage, cracking and even bursting of the cement-based material in the combined structure in the high-temperature curing process.

(II) technical scheme

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention proposes the following technical solution.

A composite structure comprising a portion a and a portion B; the cavity is surrounded by the part A, the part B is filled in the cavity, and the part B comprises a part B1 and a part B2.

Further, the B2 part is filled at least in a space between the B1 part and the a part, and/or in an enclosed or partially enclosed space of the B1 part.

Further, the composite structure has at least one of the following features:

(1) At least a part of the boundary of the B2 part is in direct contact with the inner wall of the A part,

(2) At least a part of the boundary of the part B1 is in direct contact with the inner wall of the part A,

(3) At least a portion of the boundary of the B1 portion is in direct contact with at least a portion of the boundary of the B2 portion,

(4) At least a portion of the boundary of the B1 portion is separated from at least a portion of the boundary of the B2 portion by an isolation device.

Further, the combination structure is characterized in that,

the composite structure further includes a thin layer of material separating at least a portion of the boundary of the B2 portion from the inner wall of the a portion and/or separating at least a portion of the boundary of the B1 portion from the inner wall of the a portion; the sheet material includes an extension of a retarding friction reducing layer or layered spacer.

Further, the composite structure is characterized in that the material of the part B1 and the material of the part B2 are both solidifiable materials; during filling of the B1 part material and the B2 part material into the cavity, the B1 and the B2 part materials are in a flowable state; at some point after filling is complete, the B1 and B2 portions of material are in a solidified state and the solidification process is completed inside the cavity.

Further, the composite structure is characterized in that after the B1 part material and the B2 part material are both solidified, the composite structure is also subjected to a pre-compression stress or a residual pre-compression stress;

the residual pre-stress means that after the B1 and B2 materials are solidified, the B1 and/or B2 materials shrink, and the original pre-stress in the materials becomes smaller, and the pre-stress after the reduction is the residual pre-stress.

Further, the combination structure is characterized in that,

in a flowable state phase of the material of part B1 and/or part B2, in one or more of the time periods, or in a full phase, both parts B1 and B2 are subjected to a pre-compression stress; and/or

During solidification of the B1 and/or B2 part material, during one or more of the time periods, or the full phase, both the B1 and B2 part material are subjected to a pre-compression stress or residual pre-compression stress.

Further, the combined structure further comprises a built-in volume compensation device which is positioned inside the cavity and is used for applying pre-compression stress to the B1 and/or B2 materials in the cavity; when the volume of the B1 part and/or the B2 part changes, the built-in volume compensation device can also change the volume of the built-in volume compensation device so as to compensate the volume change of the B1 part and/or the B2 part.

Further, the built-in volume compensation device is that,

a balloon, which is arranged in the cavity and is surrounded by B2 and/or B1 materials; and/or the number of the groups of groups,

a liquid bag which is arranged in the cavity and is surrounded by B2 and/or B1 materials;

preferably, the balloon or bladder is surrounded by a B2 material.

Further, the combination structure is characterized in that after the B1 and B2 materials reach enough strength, if the built-in volume compensation device is a balloon, the compressed gas in the built-in volume compensation device is discharged, and the balloon is filled with the solidifiable material;

if the built-in volume compensation device is a liquid sac, the liquid in the liquid sac is drained, and the liquid sac is filled with the solidifiable material.

Further, the combined structure further comprises a pressurizing piston; the pressurizing piston is matched with the piston hole, the piston hole is arranged on the part A, a sealing ring is arranged in the hole, the pressurizing piston is arranged in the piston hole, and the piston can slide in the piston hole; if a pressurizing piston is inserted into the area of the B1 and/or B2 portion of the cavity, the piston presses the B1 and/or B2 material in the cavity, causing its pressure to rise; the pressurizing piston is a device for applying a pre-compression stress to the B1 and/or B2 material in the cavity.

Further, said composite structure is characterized by removing the pressurizing piston after said B1 and B2 materials in the cavity have reached sufficient strength; preferably, the exposed portion of the piston rod is sawn directly from the root.

Further, the combined structure is characterized in that the upper limit of the pre-compression stress applied to the part B2 and/or the part B1 in the cavity is located in the interval: 0.1 to 7MPa, or 7 to 15MPa, or 15 to 30MPa, or 30 to 60MPa, or 60 to 90MPa, or 90 to 120MPa, or more than 120MPa.

Further, the composite structure is characterized in that the part A is a solid material; preferably, the solid material comprises a metal material, a polymer material, an inorganic nonmetallic material, a fiber composite material, and a laminated plate.

Further, the composite structure is characterized in that the part B1 is a cement-based material; preferably, the part B1 is set cement, cement mortar, concrete containing coarse aggregate, active powder concrete, fiber cement mortar, fiber concrete, or fiber active powder concrete.

Further, the composite structure is characterized in that the B2 part material comprises one or a combination of the following materials:

cement-based materials, polymeric materials, mixtures of polymeric materials and cement-based materials; preferably, the retarder is a retarder cement-based material, a retarder polymer material, a mixture of retarder polymer material and cement-based material, a mixture of polymer material and retarder cement-based material, a mixture of retarder polymer material and inorganic nonmetallic settable material, a retarder polymer material and a solid particle mixture which does not participate in chemical reaction;

the retarder cement-based material comprises one or a combination of the following components, wherein retarder is added in each component: ordinary concrete, fine stone concrete, active powder concrete, mortar, cement paste, quartz powder, a mixture of cement and water, a mixture of quartz powder, an active admixture and cement and water;

The active admixture comprises one or a combination of the following: silica fume, fly ash, granulated blast furnace slag.

Further, the combined structure further comprises an isolation device, and the isolation device is positioned in the cavity; the isolation device is positioned between the part B1 and the part B2; b1 and B2 portions have a common boundary therebetween and/or are separated by an isolation device.

Further, the combined structure is characterized in that the isolation device is a cylindrical structure with one end open or two ends open.

Further, the combined structure further comprises a fixing device of the isolating device, and the fixing device is located between the isolating device and the A part.

Further, the composite structure is characterized in that the part A comprises a pipe, and a lower plugging plate and an upper plugging plate which are connected with the pipe.

Further, the combined structure is characterized in that the combined structure is provided with an axis, and in the cross section of the combined structure taking the axis as a normal, at least one cross section is one of the following four types of cross sections, I-type cross section, II-type cross section, III-type cross section and IV-type cross section;

the I-shaped section is characterized in that on the section, the area of the B1 material is a single communication area, and all or most of the boundary line of the area is also the inner boundary line of the area of the B2 material, or the boundary line and the B2 inner boundary line are separated by only one layer of isolation device; in cross section, the B2 material region is between the B1 portion and the a portion;

The type II cross section is characterized in that in the cross section, a part B2 is a single communication area, and all or most of the boundary line of the B2 area is an inner boundary line of the B1 area or is separated from the inner boundary line of the B1 by only one layer of isolation device; the B1 material region is between the B2 material region and the A region;

preferably, a retarding antifriction layer is arranged between the A part and the B1 material;

the III-type section is characterized in that: the core area on the section is a single communication area filled with B21 material; all or a substantial portion of the boundary of the B21 material region in cross section overlaps with some of the boundary of the B1 material region or is separated therefrom by a layer of isolation means; all or a majority of the outer boundary of the B1 material region is surrounded by the B22 material region, the B1 material region being in direct contact with the B22 material region, or there being an isolation means therebetween; the B22 material region is between the B1 material region and the A part region;

preferably, the B21 material is the same material as the B22 material; preferably, the area of the B1 part and the area of the B22 part are both annular areas;

the IV-shaped section is characterized in that the whole area in the cavity on the section is divided into two areas B1 and B2, wherein the two areas are respectively contacted with the inner wall of the part A or separated from the inner wall by a thin layer of material, and a common boundary exists between the areas B1 and B2 or the areas are separated by an isolating device.

Further, the combined structure is characterized in that, in the combined structure with a III-type section, the region of the B1 part and the region of the B22 part are both annular regions.

Further, the combined structure is characterized in that in the combined structure having a III-type cross section, the three-dimensional space region corresponding to the B21 portion and the three-dimensional space region corresponding to the B22 portion are communicated or only a thin layer of material is interposed in some cross sections.

Further, the composite structure is characterized in that at least one period of time exists from the time when the B1 part material has static shear strength under the triaxial compressive stress state to the time when cement in the B1 part material completes hydration, and the B21 and B22 part materials have relatively high fluidity compared with the B1 part material.

Further, the composite structure is further characterized in that, from the point of time when the B1 part material has static shear strength in the triaxial compressive stress state, to the point of time when the hydration of cement in the B1 part material is completed, there is at least one time period within which the B2 part material has relatively higher fluidity than the B1 part material.

Further, the combination structure is characterized in that,

the combined structure has an axis, and at least one cross section in the cross section taking the axis as a normal is one of the following four cross sections: type I section, type II section, type III section, type IV section.

Further, the combined structure further comprises a retarding antifriction layer which is arranged between the part B1 and the part A and used for weakening or eliminating the shear stress on the interface of the part B1 and the part A; preferably, the moment at which the retarded friction reducing layer loses fluidity is later than the moment at which the shrinkage turning point of the B1 material occurs.

Further, the combined structure is characterized in that the combined structure is a pressed component and comprises a columnar structure with a linear axis and an arch structure with a curved axis; preferably, the cross section of the columnar structure is circular, elliptical or polygonal.

Further, the composite structure is characterized in that after the manufacture is completed, the composite structure is reprocessed and manufactured into another member.

Further, the composite structure is characterized in that after the compression member is manufactured, one or both of the end plates is removed, or a portion of the tube is removed and machined into another member.

Further, the combined structure is characterized in that the combined structure is hexahedral or cubic in appearance; the hexahedron or cube is used for assembling a column or a wall body.

Further, the composite structure is characterized in that the B1 and/or B2 material undergoes a TP process in the cavity enclosed by the a portion.

Further, the composite structure has at least one of the following features:

(1) The B1/B2 material is a cement-based material, and after the TP process is carried out, the strength of the B1/B2 material is higher than that of the B1/B2 material which is not subjected to the TP process;

(2) The B1/B2 material is a cement-based material, and after the TP process is carried out, the free water content in the B1/B2 material is lower than that of the B1/B2 material which is not subjected to the TP process;

(3) The B1/B2 material is a cement-based material, and after the TP process is carried out, the calcium hydroxide content in the B1/B2 material is lower than that of the B1/B2 material which is not subjected to the TP process;

(4) The B1/B2 material is a cement-based material, and after the TP process is carried out, the ettringite content in the B1/B2 material is lower than that of the B1/B2 material which is not subjected to the TP process;

(5) The B1/B2 material is a cement-based material, and after the TP process is carried out, the pore diameter in the B1/B2 material is smaller than that of the B1/B2 material which is not subjected to the TP process;

(6) The B1/B2 material is a cement-based material, and after the TP process is carried out, components which are different from components which do not experience high temperature grow in pores in the B1/B2 material;

(7) The B1/B2 material is a cement-based material, and when the B1/B2 material subjected to high temperature is subjected to the temperature which is not higher than the temperature which is subjected to the temperature before, the pozzolan reaction speed is lower than that of the B1/B2 material not subjected to high temperature;

(8) The B1/B2 material is a cement-based material, and if the material is subjected to the action of the overpressure in a flowable state and during the solidification, the porosity in the B1/B2 material is obviously lower than that of the B1/B2 material which is not subjected to the action of the overpressure;

(9) The B1/B2 material is a cement-based material, and if the B1/B2 material is subjected to the overpressure and the high temperature, the components and the void structure in the material can be characterized by the overpressure and the high temperature;

(10) The B1/B2 material is a cement-based material, and if the B1/B2 material is subjected to pressure when subjected to high temperature, the highest temperature that the material can withstand at this stage is higher than the tolerable temperature in the absence of pressure;

the meaning of "B1/B2" is that if "B1/B2" appears in a piece of text, the piece of text is equivalent to two pieces of text, the first piece is to replace "B1/B2" with "B1", and the other piece is to replace "B1/B2" with "B2".

A multi-temperature maintenance manufacturing method of a combined structure comprises the following steps:

(1) Manufacturing a part A surrounding the cavity;

(2) Filling a material of part B into the cavity, the material of part B comprising a material of part B1 and a material of part B2;

(3) Applying a TP process to the material of the part B;

the TP process is short for the process of temperature-pressure action; the temperature is higher than normal temperature and the pressure is higher than one atmosphere.

Further, the method is characterized in that the material of part B1 is a settable material, in a flowable state during filling and for a period of time after filling is complete; the material of part B2 is a settable material, in a flowable state during filling and for a longer period of time after filling is complete.

Further, the method is characterized in that the B1 material is a solid material in the filling process; the material of part B2 is a settable material, in a flowable state during filling and for a period of time after filling is complete.

Further, the method is characterized in that,

(1) The B1 material is a cement-based material or a mixture of the cement-based material and a high polymer material; or/and the combination of the two,

(2) The B2 material is one of cement-based materials, high polymer materials, a mixture of cement-based materials and high polymer materials, a mixture of solid particles and high polymer materials, a mixture of solid powder and high polymer materials and a curable inorganic nonmetallic material.

Further, the method is characterized in that,

the strength of the B1 material that is subjected to the TP process is higher than the strength of the B1 material that is not subjected to the process, and/or,

the strength of the B2 material subjected to the TP process is higher than that of the B2 material not subjected to the TP process.

Further, the method is characterized in that during a time interval [ t _12,S ,t _12,E ]The inner pair of parts a encloses cavities B1 and B2 with a TP procedure having the following characteristics,

(1) In the process, the B1 and B2 materials undergo a flowable state and preliminary solidification, have lower strength and increased strength, and reach preset strength; or,

in the process, the B1 material is always solid, and the B2 material is subjected to a flowable state and preliminary solidification, so that the strength is lower, the strength is increased, and the preset strength is achieved;

(2) At an optional point in the process, the pressure exerted on the inner surface of part A is noted asThe pressures acting on the B1 and B2 materials inside the cavity are denoted p, respectively ⁽¹⁾ And p ⁽²⁾ The temperatures of the B1 and B2 materials are denoted as T respectively ⁽¹⁾ And T ⁽²⁾ The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the For a given pressure p ⁽¹⁾ And p ⁽²⁾ It is required to control the temperature of the B1 and B2 materials to satisfy the following relationship,

the saidAt this point, however, when the B1 material is subjected to a pressure of p ⁽¹⁾ At the time, the lower temperature limit allowed by the B1 material; said->At this point, however, when the B1 material is subjected to a pressure of p ⁽¹⁾ At the time, the upper temperature limit allowed by the B1 material; the upper and lower limits satisfy the following conditions,

when the B1 material is in a flowable state, if it is satisfied thatThe B1 material can react normally, and bubbles can not appear in the material in the reaction process;

when the B1 material has solidified, if it is satisfiedThe B1 material is not damaged or destroyed, and the long-term strength of the material is not affected; alternatively, although damage occurs or the long-term intensity is affected, the degree of damage or the degree of influence on the long-term intensity is within an allowable range;

the saidAt this point, however, when the B2 material is subjected to a pressure of p ⁽¹⁾ At the time, the lower temperature limit allowed by the B2 material; said->At this point, however, when the B2 material is subjected to a pressure of p ⁽²⁾ At the time, the upper temperature limit allowed by the B2 material; the upper and lower limits satisfy the following conditions,

When the B2 material is in a flowable state, if it is satisfied thatThe B2 material can react normally, and bubbles can not appear in the material in the reaction process;

when the B2 material has solidified, if it is satisfiedThe B2 material is not damaged or destroyed, and the long-term strength of the material is not affected; alternatively, although damage occurs or the long-term intensity is affected, the degree of damage or the degree of influence on the long-term intensity is within an allowable range;

preferably, approximately takeAnd->Correspondingly, take->Said->To take->And->Maximum value of (2), said->To take->And->Is the minimum value of (a);

preferably, the temperature T at any point on the B1 and B2 materials in the cavity of part A is controlled above a lower limit T _L Below the upper limit T _U I.e. satisfy T _L ＜T＜T _U 。

(2) In the process, the lower limit T of the temperature _L Taken as T _L Upper temperature limit T =0deg.C _U Taking as critical temperature T of water _U The actual temperature T experienced by the B1 and B2 materials is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, and cannot reach the upper and lower limits, i.e., T =374.3℃ _L ＜T＜T _U ；

(3) For an optional moment in the process, the cavity surface of part a is subjected to a compressive stress p above the saturation vapour pressure of water corresponding to temperature T; t is the highest temperature of the full area on the temperature field in the cavity at that moment.

Further, the method is characterized in that the time range of the TP process comprises an interval [ t ] _12,S ,t _12,D1 ]At [ t ] _12,S ,t _12,D1 ]The TP process in the method is one of a type 1 TP process, a type 2 TP process, a type 3 TP process, a type 4 TP process and a type 5 TP process;

(1) The TP type a 1 process has the following characteristics,

(a) In interval [ t ] _12,S ,t _12,D1 ]In the method, the B1 and B2 materials undergo a flowable state and preliminary solidification, have lower strength, increase strength and reach preset strength, and the preset strength is not 0;

(b) In interval [ t ] _12,S ,t _12,D1 ]In this case, the temperature experienced by the material is normal, and the influence of temperature is not taken into consideration when applying a pressure to B1 and B2 in the cavity surrounded by the portion a.

(2) The TP type a 2 process has the following characteristics,

(b) Controlling the temperature T of the material to be lower than the upper limit T _U Above the lower limit T _L Between, the upper limit and the lower limit cannot be reached, i.e. T is satisfied _L ＜T＜T _U ；

Lower limit T of temperature _L The determination method of (1) is as follows: the lower temperature limit is taken to be the highest freezing point value of water in the B1 and B2 materials, whether or not the B1 and B2 materials are in a flowable state. The freezing point corresponds to a condition that the material is in a flowable state at the local atmospheric pressure if the temperature is not lower than the freezing point; preferably, the lower temperature limit is T _L ＝0℃；

Upper limit T of temperature _U The determination method of (1) is as follows: whether B1And whether the B2 material is in a flowable state, wherein the upper temperature limit is the lowest boiling point value of water in the B1 material and the B2 material; the boiling point corresponds to the condition that the material is in a flowable state at local atmospheric pressure; preferably, the upper temperature limit T is taken as _U ＝100℃；

(c) In interval [ t ] _12,S ,t _12,D1 ]In this case, the temperature influence is not taken into account when applying pressure, whether the B1 and B2 materials in the cavity enclosed by part A are in a flowable state or have lost fluidity.

(3) The TP type a 3 procedure has the following features,

Lower limit T of temperature _L The determination method is that whether the B1 and B2 materials are in a flowable state or not, the lower temperature limit is taken as the lowest boiling point value of water in the B1 and B2 materials; the boiling point corresponds to the condition that the material is in a flowable state at local atmospheric pressure; preferably, the lower temperature limit T is taken _L 100 ℃;

upper temperature limit T _U Taking the critical temperature of water as 374.3 ℃;

(c) The pressure applied to the inner surface of part A is p ^A The pressures acting on the B1 and B2 materials inside the cavity are p respectively ⁽¹⁾ And p ⁽²⁾ The temperatures of the B1 and B2 materials are T respectively ⁽¹⁾ And T ⁽²⁾ . In interval [ t ] _12,S ,t _12,D1 ]In, whether the B1 and B2 materials in the cavity enclosed by the part A are in a flowable state or have lost flowability, the pressure p exerted on the B1 and B2 materials ⁽¹⁾ And p ⁽²⁾ Are respectively higher than the respective lower pressure limitAnd->I.e. simultaneously satisfy->And->Wherein->And->Respectively the water corresponds to the temperature T ⁽¹⁾ And T ⁽²⁾ Is a saturated vapor pressure of (2);

preferably, p is taken ⁽¹⁾ ＝p ⁽²⁾ ＝p ^A ，Wherein->Equal to->And->Maximum value of (2);

preferably, p is taken ^A 22.115MPa which is larger than the critical pressure of water; the critical pressure is a pressure corresponding to a critical temperature of 374.3 ℃ of water;

(4) The TP process of type a 4 has the following characteristics,

(a) Time interval t _12,s ,t _12,D1 ]Is divided into [ t ] _12,s ,t _1,2 ]And [ t ] _1,2 ,t _12,D1 ]Wherein t is _12,D1 ≥t _2,2 . At [ t ] _12,s ,t _1,1 ]In the inside, the B1 and B2 materials have flowability; at [ t ] _1,1 ,t _1,2 ]In the process, the B1 material gradually loses fluidity, and the B2 material still has fluidity; at t=t _1,2 At the moment, the B1 material has certain strength; at [ t ] _1,2 ,t _2,1 ]In the process, the strength of the B1 material is continuously increased, and the B2 material still has fluidity; at [ t ] _2,1 ,t _2,2 ]In, the B2 material begins to gradually lose fluidity; arriving at t=t _2,2 At moment, the strength of the B1 and B2 materials respectively reaches a first preset value of the materials; to t=t _12,D1 At the moment, the strength of the B1 and B2 materials respectively reaches a second preset value, wherein the second preset value is larger than or equal to the first preset value, and the strength preset value is not 0.

(b) In time interval t _12,S ,t _1,2 ]In which the temperatures T of the B1 and B2 materials are both controlled at an upper limit T _U1 And lower limit T _L1 Between, the upper limit and the lower limit cannot be reached, i.e. T is satisfied _L1 ＜T＜T _U1 ；

Lower limit T of temperature _L1 The determination method of (1) is as follows: the lower temperature limit is taken to be the highest freezing point value of water in the B1 and B2 materials, whether or not the B1 and B2 materials are in a flowable state. The freezing point corresponds to a condition that the material is in a flowable state at the local atmospheric pressure if the temperature is not lower than the freezing point; preferably, the lower temperature limit T is taken _L1 ＝0℃；

Upper limit T of temperature _U1 The determination method of (1) is as follows: the upper temperature limit is taken as the lowest boiling point value of water in the B1 and B2 materials whether the B1 and B2 materials are in a flowable state or not; the boiling point corresponds to the condition that the material is in a flowable state at local atmospheric pressure; preferably, the upper temperature limit T is taken as _U1 ＝100℃；

(c) In time interval t _12,S ,t _1,2 ]In the process of determining the pressure range, the temperature influence is not considered;

(d) In time interval t _1,2 ,t _12,D1 ]In which the temperature T of the material is controlled at an upper limit T _U2 And lower limit T _l2 Between, but not reach the upper and lower limits, i.e. satisfy T _L2 ＜T＜T _U2 ；

Lower temperature limit T _L2 Is determined by taking the value in the interval t _12,S ,t _1,2 ]A maximum value of the actual temperature experienced by the inner material;

upper temperature limit T _U2 Taking the critical temperature of water as 374.3 ℃;

(e) In time interval t _1,2 ,t _12,D1 ]The pressure to which the B2 material is subjected is higher than a lower pressure limit, wherein the lower pressure limit is the saturated vapor pressure of water in the B2 material corresponding to the temperature T of the B2 material;

preferably, in the time interval [ t ] _12,S ,t _1,2 ]In the method, the temperature of the B1 and B2 materials is controlled to be normal temperature; preferably, in the time interval [ t ] _12,S ,t _1,2 ]In the method, the temperature is controlled without measures, the cement-based material is hydrated and releases heat, and the outer surface of the part A exchanges heat with the environment; preferably, in the time interval [ t ] _12,S ,t _1,2 ]The outer surface of the part A is coated with a heat insulation material;

(5) The TP type a 5 process has the following characteristics,

(b) Controlling the temperature T of the material to be lower than the upper limit T _U Above the lower limit T _L Between, the upper limit and the lower limit cannot be reached, i.e. T is satisfied _L ＜T＜T _U 。

Lower temperature limit T _L Taking the temperature to be 0 ℃;

(c) The pressure applied to the inner surface of part A is p ^A The pressures acting on the B1 and B2 materials inside the cavity are p respectively ⁽¹⁾ And p ⁽²⁾ The temperatures of the B1 and B2 materials are T respectively ⁽¹⁾ And T ⁽²⁾ . In interval [ t ] _12,s ,t _12,D1 ]In, whether the B1 and B2 materials in the cavity enclosed by the part A are in a flowable state or have lost fluidity, the pressure p exerted on the B1 and B2 materials ⁽¹⁾ And p ⁽²⁾ All are respectively highAt the respective lower pressure limitAnd->I.e. simultaneously satisfy->And->Wherein->And->Respectively the water corresponds to the temperature T ⁽¹⁾ And T ⁽²⁾ Is taken when the temperature is lower than 100 DEG CAtmospheric pressure;

preferably, p is taken ^A 22.115MPa which is larger than the critical pressure of water; the critical pressure is a pressure corresponding to a critical temperature of 374.3 ℃ of water.

(6) The meaning of the time symbols is as follows,

t _12,S -starting point of the artificially applied TP process;

t _1,1 -the moment of end of the flowable state of the B1 material;

t _1,2 -the moment when the intensity of the B1 material reaches the preset value, the preset value is not equal to 0;

t _12,D1 -the end time of the first phase of the artificially applied TP procedure; t is t _12,D1 ≥t _2,2 ；

t _2,1 -the moment when the flowable state of the B2 material ends;

t _2,2 -the moment when the strength of the B2 material reaches the preset value; t is t _2,2 >t _2,1 。

Further, the method is characterized in that the time range of the TP process comprises an interval [ t ] _12,D2 ,t _12,E ]At [ t ] _12,D2 ,t _12,E ]The TP procedure within is one of the following: a type b1 TP procedure, a type b2 TP procedure, a type b 3 TP procedure; the t is _12,D2 ≥t _12,D1 ；

(1) The type b1 TP process has the following features,

(a) In interval [ t ] _12,D2 ,t _12,E ]Start time t of (1) _12,D2 The materials B1 and B2 are solidified, the respective strength reaches a preset value, and the preset value is not 0;

(b) The cavity surrounded by the part A is not provided with an exhaust channel, and the gas in the cavity is not discharged outwards;

(c) Upper limit T of temperature in TP _U The following constraints are satisfied: when the material temperature T of B1 and B2 is lower than or reaches the upper temperature limit T _U Gas pressure in the cavityLower than the compressive stress p applied to the inner wall of the cavity of part A ^A The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Gas pressure in the cavity +.>Is the pressure of the following gases: these gases are present in those voids in the B1 and/or B2 material that communicate with the material surface, or in the micro-pits in the B1 and/or B2 material surface, or in the various dimensions of voids or gaps between the B1 and/or B2 material surface and the a-part cavity surface;

preferably, the upper temperature limit of the TP process is below the critical temperature of water (374.3 ℃);

preferably, the upper temperature limit of the TP process is lower than the decomposition temperature of the main components in the water B1 and B2 materials; preferably, said temperature is lower than the decomposition temperature of calcium hydroxide and higher than the temperature at which ettringite starts to decompose (70 ℃);

preferably, the temperature of the TP process is not controlled by adopting a mode of manually heating or cooling;

(2) The type b2 TP process has the following characteristics,

(b) The cavity surrounded by the part A is provided with an exhaust channel, gas in the cavity can be exhausted to the outside, and the inner wall of the part A can still squeeze and restrict solid materials in the cavity;

(c) The pressure applied to the inner surface of part A is noted asThe pressures acting on the B1 and B2 materials inside the cavity are denoted p, respectively ⁽¹⁾ And p ⁽²⁾ The temperatures of the B1 and B2 materials are denoted as T respectively ⁽¹⁾ And T ⁽²⁾ The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Requirements for

i) At the same time satisfyAnd->Or/and the combination of the two,

ii) simultaneously satisfyAnd->

The saidHas the following meaning when the temperature T of the B1 (B2) material ⁽¹⁾ (T ⁽²⁾ ) Can generate steam or other gases in the material, and can crack or burst if the material is placed in an atmospheric environment; but if compressive stress p is applied to any portion of the outer surface of the B1 (B2) material ⁽¹⁾ (p ⁽²⁾ ) The material does not crack or burst; for a specific material reaching a certain strength +.>Is corresponding to temperature T ⁽¹⁾ (T ⁽²⁾ ) A minimum compressive stress that causes the B1 (B2) material to not crack and not burst;

preferably, the method comprises the steps of,

preferably T ⁽¹⁾ ＝T ⁽²⁾ ；

Preferably, the pressure of the gas on the surface of the cavity of the part A is taken to be 0;

preferably, the temperature T ⁽¹⁾ Or/and T ⁽²⁾ Is higher than the critical temperature 374.3 ℃ of water and lower than the decomposition temperature of main components in the B1 and B2 materials; preferably, the main component is calcium silicate hydrate; optionally, the main component is calcium hydroxide;

(3) The type b 3 TP process has the following characteristics,

(b) The cavity surrounded by the part A is provided with an exhaust channel, and the gas in the cavity can be discharged outwards, but a gas pressure control device is arranged at the exhaust port, so that the gas pressure in the cavity surrounded by the part A is kept to be changed according to a preset rule; the upper limit of the air pressure is lower than the pressure in the cavity which the part A is allowed to endure;

i) At the same time satisfyAnd->Or alternatively, the first and second heat exchangers may be,

ii) simultaneously satisfyAnd->

The saidHas the following meaning when the temperature T of the B1 (B2) material ⁽¹⁾ (T ⁽²⁾ ) Can generate steam or other gases in the material, and can crack or burst if the material is placed in an atmospheric environment; but if compressive stress p is applied to any portion of the outer surface of the B1 (B2) material ⁽¹⁾ (p ⁽²⁾ ) The material does not crack or burst; for a specific material reaching a certain strength +.>Is corresponding to temperature T ⁽¹⁾ (T ⁽²⁾ ) In (C), the B1 (B2) material is the most free from cracking and burstingSmall compressive stress;

preferably, take

Preferably, T is taken ⁽¹⁾ ＝T ⁽²⁾ ；

Preferably, the temperature T ⁽¹⁾ Or/and T ⁽²⁾ Above the critical temperature of water 374.3 ℃ and below the decomposition temperature of the main components in the B1 and B2 materials; preferably, the main component is calcium silicate hydrate; optionally, the main component is calcium hydroxide; preferably, the calcium hydroxide has an onset decomposition temperature of greater than 400 ℃.

Further, the method is characterized in that the end time of the TP procedure is in accordance with at least one of the following criteria:

(1) The steam pressure in the B1 or/and B2 material gradually decreases along with the time and tends to be stable;

(2) The steam pressure inside the B1 or/and B2 material gradually decreases with time and tends to be 0;

(3) The steam pressure reduction turning points inside the B1 or/and B2 material occur;

(4) In the TP process, the A surrounds the cavity and does not discharge gas outside the cavity; the air pressure at the gap, the gap between the cavity surface and the B1 or/and B2 material, tends to be constant, or tends to be 0, or the steam pressure reduction turning point occurs.

Further, the method is characterized in that the heating method of the material B1 and the material B2 by the TP process is one of an internal heating method, an external heating method and an internal and external combined heating method.

Further, the method is characterized in that the B2 part is filled in the space between the B1 part and the a part; and/or the part B2 is filled in the space which is partially surrounded by the part B1 or is partially surrounded by the part B1.

Further, the method is characterized in that the composite structure has at least one of the following features:

Further, the method is characterized in that the composite structure further comprises a thin layer of material separating at least a portion of the boundary of the B2 portion from the inner wall of the a portion and/or separating at least a portion of the boundary of the B1 portion from the inner wall of the a portion; the sheet material includes an extension of a retarding friction reducing layer or layered spacer.

Further, the method is characterized in that when the B2 material has fluidity, if pressure is applied to the B2 portion, the B2 portion transmits the pressure to the B1 portion; and/or, when the B1 material has fluidity, if pressure is applied to the B1 portion, the B1 portion transmits the pressure to the B2 portion.

Further, the method is characterized in that the part A is a solid material and the part B is a solidifiable material.

Further, the method is characterized in that the part B1 is an inorganic nonmetallic curable material.

Further, the method is characterized in that the part B1 is a cement-based material; the cement-based material refers to a material that contains cement and accompanies cement hydration during setting.

Further, the method is characterized in that the material of the B2 part comprises at least one of the following materials:

cement-based materials, polymeric materials, mixtures of polymeric materials and cement-based materials;

preferably, the retarder is a retarder cement-based material, a retarder polymer material, a mixture of retarder polymer material and cement-based material, a mixture of polymer material and retarder cement-based material, a mixture of retarder polymer material and inorganic nonmetallic settable material, a retarder polymer material, and a mixture of solid particles that do not participate in chemical reactions.

Further, the method is characterized in that the materials of the parts B1 and B2 are in a flowing state during the process of filling the cavity surrounded by the part A; sometime after filling is complete they begin to solidify in the cavity.

Further, the method is characterized in that the part A of the combined structure is a cylindrical structure, and the length of the axial direction of the part A is larger than the distance between any two points on the cross section of the cylindrical structure; preferably, the axial tubular structure is one of: a cylinder, a prismatic cylinder, a circular truncated cone, a prismatic truncated cone, and combinations thereof.

Further, the method is characterized in that the combined structure is a pressed component and comprises a columnar structure with a straight axis and an arch structure with a curved axis.

Further, the method is characterized in that the combined structure is a polyhedron for assembling a structure with a complex shape.

Further, the method is characterized in that the manufacturing of the part a surrounding the cavity comprises:

providing a pipe, a lower plugging plate and an upper plugging plate;

connecting the lower plugging plate to the lower end of the pipe, and connecting the upper plugging plate to the upper end of the pipe, so as to finish the manufacture of the part A surrounding the cavity;

preferably, the tube is a steel tube.

Further, the method is characterized in that before attaching the lower closure plate to the lower end of the tube and/or before attaching the upper closure plate to the upper end of the tube, the method further comprises: an isolation device is installed into the tube.

Further, the method is characterized in that the isolation device is one of:

the two ends of the tube-shaped structure are transparent, and no shielding object exists at the two ends;

a cylindrical structure with one end closed and the other end without any shielding object;

a cylindrical structure with one end closed, and the other end is partially shielded but is provided with an opening.

Further, the method is characterized in that the isolation device is one of:

the waterproof and waterproof plate is made of a waterproof plate with certain rigidity, wherein the plate is made of metal, a high polymer material or a composite material;

the waterproof and waterproof plate is made of a waterproof plate with certain rigidity, a cavity or a gap is formed in the plate, and the plate is made of metal, a high polymer material or a composite material;

made of a water-impermeable flexible film;

made of a water-permeable flexible braid;

is made of a water-permeable net-shaped material with certain rigidity;

is made of a net material with certain rigidity and a waterproof flexible film or a waterproof flexible braided fabric; the net material is made into a framework, and the film or the braided fabric is fixed on the net material.

Further, the method is characterized in that the cross section of the isolation device is corrugated.

Further, the method is characterized in that the B1 part and the B2 part materials have at least one of the following characteristics:

(1) Starting from filling of the B1 part, B2 part into the cavity, and until the strength of the B1 part material reaches a final strength, the B2 part material has a relatively high fluidity than the B1 part material for a period of time, or for a plurality of periods of time, or throughout the process;

(2) After the B1-part, B2-part materials are filled into the cavity, the B2-part materials have relatively high flowability than the B1-part materials from the point that the B1-part materials have static shear strength until the static shear strength reaches an intermediate strength; the intermediate intensity is 10% or 20% or 30% or 40% or 50% or 60% or 70% or 80% or 90% or 95% or 98% of the final static intensity;

(3) After filling the B1-part, B2-part material into the cavity, starting from the point where the B1-part material has just a static shear strength, and until the volume shrinkage turning point occurs, at least during this process the B2-part material has a relatively higher flowability than the B1-part material; or,

after filling the B1-part, B2-part material into the cavity, starting from the B1-part material having static shear strength, and at least during this process the B2-part material has a relatively higher flowability than the B1-part material, up to a point after the occurrence of the volume contraction turning point; the time after the shrinkage turning point appears is determined by a time ratio, wherein the ratio is the ratio of the age of the B1 part of material at the time when the time is reached to the age of the B1 material when the volume shrinkage turning point is reached; the ratio is equal to 1.25 or 1.5 or 1.75 or 2.0 or 2.5 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 10 or 15 or 20 or 30 or 40 or 50 or 75 or 100.

Further, the method is characterized by further comprising providing part B1 and part B2 materials prior to filling part B1 and part B2 materials into the cavity; the material has at least one of the following characteristics:

(1) The moment when the material of the part B2 in the cavity starts to lose fluidity is later than the moment when the material of the part B1 in the cavity starts to lose fluidity;

(2) The time length that the B2 part material in the cavity has fluidity is longer than the time length that the B1 part material appears from the completion of mixing to the contraction turning point; the completion of the mixing means that all the components of the B1 material are mixed together and uniformly stirred;

(3) The moment when the material of the part B2 in the cavity starts to lose fluidity is later than the moment when the shrinkage turning point of the material of the part B1 in the cavity appears;

(4) The moment when the material B2 in the air begins to lose fluidity is later than the moment when the shrinkage turning point of the material B1 appears; the time after the shrinkage turning point appears is determined by a time ratio, wherein the ratio is the ratio of the age of the B1 material reaching the time to the age of the B1 material reaching the shrinkage turning point; the ratio is equal to 1.25 or 1.5 or 1.75 or 2.0 or 2.5 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 8 or 10 or 15 or 20 or 30 or 60 or 100;

(5) The moment when the material of the part B2 in the cavity begins to lose fluidity is later than the moment when the static strength of the material of the part B1 reaches a middle strength, wherein the middle strength is 10% or 20% or 30% or 40% or 50% or 60% or 70% or 80% or 90% or 95% or 98% of the final static strength.

Further, the method is characterized in that the flowability is one of the following characteristics:

(1) If the material has fluidity, the material has no static shear strength or almost no static shear strength no matter whether the material is subjected to hydrostatic pressure; the fact that the material has little static shear strength means that the static shear strength at the moment is very small compared with the final static shear strength of the solidifiable material, and is only one-ten-thousandth to more than one-tenth of the final strength;

(2) If the material has fluidity, the material does not have static uniaxial compressive strength, or hardly has static uniaxial compressive strength; the fact that the material has almost no static compressive strength means that the static compressive strength at the moment is very small compared with the final static compressive strength of the solidifiable material, and is only one ten thousandth to more than one tenth of the final strength;

(3) If the material has fluidity, the material is continuously deformed with time under the action of any small shearing force; by very small shear forces is meant that at the moment of application of the shear forces, the shear forces are only a few parts per million to a tenth of the ultimate static shear strength of the settable material.

Further, the method is characterized by, before applying pressure to the B1 and/or B2 part material, further comprising:

determining a range of pressure applied to the B2 and/or B1 portions; and

determining a time range of applied pressure, by which is meant increasing the pressure, and/or maintaining a constant pressure, and/or maintaining the pressure to vary within a preset range.

Further, the method is characterized in that the upper limit of the pressure applied to the B1 and/or B2 part material is: 0.1 to 7MPa, or 7 to 15MPa, or 15 to 30MPa, or 30 to 60MPa, or 60 to 90MPa, or 90 to 120MPa, or more than 120MPa.

Further, the method is characterized in that the part B2 material in the cavity is directly extruded in a certain time period, or a certain time period or the whole process in the time range of the flowability of the part B2 material, so that the pressure of the part B2 material reaches the range of design requirements, and the part B2 material transmits the pressure to the part B1.

Further, the method is characterized in that the pressure of the B2 part material in the cavity is maintained within a preset pressure range for a continuous period of time during the time period when the B2 part material has fluidity;

the starting time of the continuous time period is in a time range of one of the following:

the time range that the B1 and B2 materials in the cavity have fluidity;

after the B1 material loses fluidity, before the shrinkage turning point of the B1 material appears;

the end time of the consecutive time period is in a time range of one of:

after the occurrence of the shrinkage turning point of the B1 material, the flowability of the B2 material is before the moment of loss.

Further, the method is characterized in that the method of applying pressure to the B1 and/or B2 part material comprises at least one of the following:

(1) Extruding the material of the part B1 and/or the part B2 in the cavity by using a piston, and applying pressure to the material of the part B1 and/or the part B2;

(2) Transferring pressure to the material used in part B2 and/or B1 in the cavity with a line communicating with said cavity and filled with the B2 material; preferably, a pipe communicating with the cavity and filled with B2 material is connected to the area of the cavity where the B2 portion is located;

(3) Transferring pressure to the B2 and/or B1 part of the material in the cavity with a pipe communicating with the cavity and filled with the B1 material;

(4) And installing a built-in volume compensation device in the cavity, and applying pressure to the B1 and/or B2 part by using the volume compensation device.

Further, the method is characterized in that the built-in volume compensation device is placed in a B2 part area in the cavity, when the B1 part material in the cavity is contracted and the B2 part material has fluidity or can be changed in rheology, the volume compensation device expands, pressure is applied to the B2 part, and the B2 part material is pushed to fill the contracted volume of the B1 part.

Further, the method is characterized in that the built-in volume compensation device is a balloon or a sac;

the air bag is connected with an air pump outside the combined structure through a pipeline, the air pressure in the air bag is gradually increased when the air pump works, the air pressure in the air bag is almost equal to the pressure applied to surrounding media by the air bag, and the air pressure is maintained to be changed within the range after the air pressure in the air bag enters the range required by design;

the liquid bag is connected with a hydraulic source outside the combined structure through a pipeline, the hydraulic source pushes the liquid pressure to increase, the liquid pressure in the liquid bag is almost equal to the pressure applied by the liquid bag to surrounding medium, and after the pressure is within the range of design requirements, the liquid pressure is maintained to be changed within the range.

Further, the method is characterized in that the method for applying pressure to the B1 and/or B2 part is:

an external volume compensation device is arranged outside the combined structure, and the external volume compensation device is utilized to help maintain the pressure of the B2 part in the cavity within the range of design requirements;

the external volume compensation device is a device with a hydraulic accumulator function, and when the volume of the flowable medium in the external volume compensation device changes, the pressure is almost unchanged or the pressure changes little.

Further, the method is characterized in that the fluid bladder is connected via a conduit to an accumulator in addition to a hydraulic source outside the combined structure, the accumulator being used to help maintain the pressure within the range of design requirements.

Further, the method is characterized in that,

(1) Connecting the B2 material region in the cavity with an external volume compensation device by one or more tubes filled with flowable B2 material while extruding the material of part B1 and/or part B2 in the cavity with the piston;

(2) One or more external volume compensation devices are also connected to the B2 material filled tube or tubes in communication with the cavity or one or more tubes filled with flowable B2 material to connect the B2 material region in the cavity to the external volume compensation devices while transferring pressure to the B2 and/or B1 portion of the material in the cavity.

Furthermore, the method is characterized in that a valve is arranged on a pipeline connecting the cavity of the part A with the external volume compensation device; the valve is closed during the process of maintaining the pressure of the B2 material in the cavity to be changed within the design range, and the medium in the pipeline can flow in and out; at a certain moment before the B2 material loses fluidity, the valve is closed, and the medium in the pipeline cannot flow; and (3) unloading the external volume compensation device, and cleaning up the solidifiable material in the external volume compensation device so as to enable the external volume compensation device to be reused.

Further, the method is characterized in that a pipeline which is communicated with the cavity and is filled with B2 material is used, the other end of the pipeline is connected with a pressurizing device in the process of transmitting pressure to the B2 and/or B1 part of the material in the cavity, and the loading device maintains the pressure in the pipeline within the range of design requirements; and a valve is arranged on the pipeline, and is closed at a certain moment before the fluidity of the B2 material is lost, the pressurizing device is removed, and the pressurizing device is cleaned so as to be reused.

Further, the method is characterized in that,

(1) Maintaining the pressure applied to the outer end of the piston rod until the B2 material has a predetermined strength when the material of the B1 part and/or the B2 part in the cavity is compressed by the piston; the predetermined strength is capable of resisting a change in stress due to removal of pressure at the outer end of the piston rod;

(2) When the pipeline is used for transmitting pressure, the pressure of the B2 or B1 material in the pipeline is maintained until the B2 or B1 material has a preset strength; the predetermined strength is capable of resisting stress variation caused by sawing the pipeline; the pipeline is communicated with the cavity and filled with B2 or B1 materials;

(3) When the internal volume compensation device is used to pressurize the B2 and/or B1 portion of the material, the pressure of the medium in the internal volume compensation device is maintained until the B2 and B1 materials have a predetermined strength that resists changes in stress due to the internal volume compensation device not providing pressure.

Further, the method is characterized in that the extrusion device is used for extruding the B2 material in the cavity in a time range in which the B2 part material in the cavity has relatively high fluidity than the B1 material, and the extrusion device is used for increasing the extrusion force, maintaining the constant extrusion force or maintaining the extrusion force to be changed within a preset range in a certain time period, or a certain time period or the whole process.

Further, the method is characterized in that the B2 part material in the cavity has a relatively higher flowability than the B1 part material, and the B1 material has a shear strength; in a time range in which this condition is satisfied, the B2 material in the cavity is extruded, and the extrusion device is allowed to increase the extrusion force, or maintain a constant extrusion force, or maintain the extrusion force to vary within a preset range.

Further, the method is characterized in that a pressurizing piston and/or a built-in volume compensation device are/is used when the B2 material is extruded; when the pressing means is a piston, the application of a constant pressing force means that the load applied to the outer end of the piston is maintained constant; when the squeezing means is a built-in volume compensating means, said applying a constant squeezing force means that the fluid pressure in the balloon or oil bag is kept constant.

Further, the method is characterized in that after the process of applying pressure to the material in the cavity is completed, the pressurizing device is further subjected to post-treatment, wherein the method is one of the following:

(1) If the pressurizing means is a pressurizing piston, sawing off an exposed portion of the piston;

(2) If the pressurizing device is a pipeline communicated with the cavity and an external pressurizing device, the pressurizing device is disassembled, and the pipeline filled with the B2 material is sawed off;

(3) If the pressurizing means is a built-in volume compensating means, the gas or liquid therein is purged and the settable material is injected therein.

Further, the method is characterized in that the composite structure has an axis, and the cross section of the composite structure is one of the following four cross sections over a certain length along the axis: type I section, type II section, type III section, type IV section.

Further, the method is characterized by further comprising, before filling the B1 part into the cavity or before filling the B2 part into the cavity: and filling carbon dioxide gas into the cavity.

Further, the method is characterized in that after the composite structure is manufactured, certain parts of the composite structure are disassembled to be used as another component.

Further, the method is characterized in that after the composite structure is manufactured, one or both ends of the plugging plates are removed and the composite structure is continuously used as a column.

Further, the method is characterized in that the thin-walled section of the spacer in the type II section comprises curves or fold lines protruding towards the area of the B2 material enclosed by the spacer, and that the tangential method of the spacer has little or no tensile stress when the B2 material in the vicinity of these positions presses the spacer outwards.

A composite structure characterized by a method of manufacture as described in any one of the above methods of manufacture.

A composite column, wherein the composite column comprises a single column, the single column is manufactured by any one of the above manufacturing methods, or the single column belongs to any one of the above composite structures.

A method for manufacturing a combined column is characterized in that,

first, a single column is manufactured,

the single column is manufactured by adopting any one of the manufacturing methods, or belongs to any one of the combined structures;

second, a combined column is manufactured,

the combined column contains the single column.

Further, the method for manufacturing the composite column is characterized in that the composite column is one of the following:

(1) A reinforced concrete combined column with a single column is arranged in the reinforced concrete combined column,

(2) A single-column steel fiber concrete combined column is arranged in the steel fiber concrete combined column,

(3) A reinforced concrete composite column comprising a plurality of single columns,

(4) A single-column sleeve concrete combined column is arranged in the sleeve concrete combined column,

(5) And a plurality of single-column sleeve concrete combined columns are arranged in the sleeve concrete combined columns.

Further, the method is characterized in that, in the combined column, one single column is optionally selected, the TP process that the single column undergoes is one of,

(1) Subjecting a single column to the TP process prior to fabrication of the combined column;

(2) After the combined column is manufactured, heating the single column in the combined column;

(3) Subjecting a single column to the TP process prior to fabrication of the combined column; after the fabrication of the composite column is completed, the individual columns in the composite column are again warmed.

The lattice column is characterized in that the combined column comprises a single column, wherein the single column is manufactured by any one of the manufacturing methods, or belongs to any one of the combined structures;

a method for manufacturing a lattice column is characterized in that,

in the first step, a single column is manufactured,

in the second step, the lattice column is manufactured,

the lattice column contains the single column.

(III) beneficial effects

As can be seen from the technical scheme, the invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:

the invention has obvious technical effects due to the adoption of the technical scheme, and is illustrated by taking the concrete filled steel tubular column as an example. At the initial age, including some time before and after final setting, the cement-based material voids due to chemical shrinkage. Because the material is subjected to the action of pressure, the shrinkage of the apparent volume of the material is far greater than that of the material under the action of no pressure, and accordingly, the gaps in the material are greatly reduced. This aspect can increase the strength of the cement-based material; on the other hand, the amount of shrinkage after that can be made significantly smaller. When a constant pre-compression stress is applied to the B2 inside the steel pipe, the cement-based material B1 inside the steel pipe can avoid excessive reduction of lateral pressure of the steel pipe to the cement-based material caused by self shrinkage, and further can avoid separation of the two materials. The technical proposal ensures that the uniaxial strength of the cement-based material per se is improved, and even the internal friction angle is improved; the lateral pressure of the cement-based material provided by the steel pipe is not reduced due to the shrinkage of the cement-based material B1, or is not greatly reduced, so that the triaxial compressive strength of the cement-based material is improved; the shearing resistance between the cement-based material and the inner surface of the steel pipe is improved, so that the cooperative work effect between the cement-based material and the steel pipe is improved. The combined effect of this solution is that the carrying capacity of the combined structure is greatly improved.

There is shear deformation of the B1 and/or B2 material in the cavity due to shrinkage of the B1 and/or B2 material, flow of the B2 material, or flow of the B1 and B2 materials. When shear deformation occurs during solidification of the material, there is a shear stress within the material. When the B2 part material has relatively high flowability, even though both the B1 and B2 materials have shear strength, it is advantageous to eliminate or reduce the shear stress of the B1 and B2 parts in the cavity, and in addition to eliminating and reducing the shear stress on the inner surface of the a part. Eliminating the shear stress inside the composite structure is beneficial to improving the bearing capacity.

Due to the action of pressure stress, the cement-based material in the steel pipe concrete cannot be damaged, cracked or burst when being cured at high temperature. The high-temperature curing can actually improve the strength of the cement-based material.

Drawings

Figure 1 shows a composite structure with an I-section with an isolation device.

Fig. 2 has a combined structure of I-section without isolation means.

FIG. 3 B2 is a cross-section of type II in the form of a straight line

FIG. 4 B2 area is a cross-shaped II-section

FIG. 5 is a sectional view through the axis of the assembled structure of embodiment 1, corresponding to FIG. 6

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the assembled structure of example 1, taken along section A-A in FIG. 5, and taken along section I.

Fig. 7 is a sectional view of the combined structure of embodiment 2 taken along the axis thereof, corresponding to fig. 8.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the assembled structure of example 2, section A-A of FIG. 7, which is a type II cross-section.

Fig. 9 is a sectional view of the combined structure of embodiment 3 taken along the axis thereof, corresponding to fig. 10.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the assembled structure of example 3, taken along section A-A in FIG. 9, and taken along section II.

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the composite structure of example 4 taken through the axis and FIG. 12 is a section B-B.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the assembled structure of example 4, section A-A of FIG. 11, which is a type II cross-section.

Fig. 13 is a sectional view of the combined structure of embodiment 5 taken along the axis thereof, corresponding to fig. 14 and 15.

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the assembled structure of example 5, section A-A of FIG. 13, which is a type III section.

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the assembled structure of example 5, and FIG. 13 is a section B-B, which is a section of type II.

Fig. 16 is a sectional view of the combined structure of embodiment 6 taken along the axis thereof, corresponding to fig. 17 and 18.

FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of the upper closure plate of the composite structure of example 6, taken along section A-A in FIG. 16.

FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of the assembled structure of example 6, taken along section B-B in FIG. 16, which is a type III cross-section.

Fig. 19 is a sectional view of the combined structure of embodiment 7 taken along the axis thereof, corresponding to fig. 20.

FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of the assembled structure of example 7, section B-B of FIG. 19.

Fig. 21 is a sectional view of the combined structure of embodiment 8 taken along the axis thereof, corresponding to fig. 22.

The cross-sectional view of the assembled structure of example 8 of fig. 22 corresponds to section A-A of fig. 21.

FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view of the assembled structure of example 9, which is a type IV cross-section.

FIG. 24 shows a reinforced concrete composite column with a single column built in

FIG. 25 reinforced concrete composite column containing a plurality of single columns

FIG. 26 is a sleeve concrete composite column with a single column built in

In fig. 27, a plurality of single-column concrete filled steel tube composite columns are arranged, and stirrups are arranged.

In FIG. 28, a plurality of single-column concrete filled steel tube composite columns are arranged, and a fixing device is arranged between the single column and the outer tube.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent.

In order to facilitate understanding of the present invention, technical terms related to the present invention are described below.

Definition of terms

B1 material

Refers to the material used for part B1 of the cavity.

B2 material

Refers to the material used for part B2 in the cavity.

Compressive stress

The pre-stress is the stress that is artificially applied to the B1 and B2 part material in the cavity of the composite structure by pressing the B2 and/or B1 part material before a certain moment.

For example, after filling the B1 and B2 materials into the cavity surrounded by the A part, a tubule is used to connect the B2 material in the cavity to a pressurizing device outside the cavity, and the tube is filled with the B2 material. The pressurizing means applies a constant pressure to the material in the tube until the material in the tube solidifies and reaches a sufficient strength. The tube outside the outer surface of part a is then removed and it is evident that the B1 and B2 materials in the cavity of part a are still subjected to the previously applied pressure, which is the pre-stress. Since under pressure the B1 and/or B2 material may undergo creep causing volume shrinkage, the pre-compression stress may decrease with time at a certain spatial point of the B part inside the cavity; the distribution of the pre-compression stress may also vary over time over this part B.

Sheet material

The thin layer material is a material with a smaller thickness and is characterized by a small bending stiffness. The sheet material comprises an extension of the sheet-like spacer means and a setting friction reducing layer. The portion of the C-shaped spacer 31 in fig. 12 that contacts the inner wall of section a is a thin layer of material that is an extension of the spacer.

External volume compensation device

Is a device with a hydraulic accumulator function, in which the pressure change is small when the volume of the flowable medium therein changes.

Pressurizing piston (piston or compression bar for short)

Is a smooth-surface compression bar and is matched with the piston hole of the part A, and a sealing ring is arranged in the piston hole.

Cavity cavity

The meaning of the cavity enclosed by the part of the composite structure a includes, but is not limited to, the following:

(1) The inner space of the tube with two through ends,

(2) A space surrounded by a tube with one end closed and the other end transparent,

(3) Both ends are sealed by the plugging plates, but the plugging plates or the pipe are provided with a space surrounded by a device with small holes,

(4) A space surrounded by a device of any shape.

Round platform cylinder

Is characterized in that: the appearance is round platform, and the cross section is the ring.

Prismatic cylinder

The profile is a prism and the cross section is a closed region between two concentric polygons.

Prismatic table cylinder

The appearance is a prismatic table, the cross section is a closed area between two concentric polygons,

i-shaped cross section

The I-shaped section is characterized in that in the section, the area of the B1 material is a single communication area, and all or most of the boundary line of the area is also the inner boundary line of the area of the B2 material, or the boundary line and the B2 inner boundary line are separated by only one layer of isolation device; in cross section, all or most of the outer boundary line of the B2 material region is the inner boundary line of the a portion.

The cross section of the combined structure shown in fig. 1 and 2 is an I-shaped cross section, the single communication area 21 in fig. 1 is filled with a B1 material, the annular area 22 is filled with a B2 material, an isolating device 3 is arranged between the B1 and the B2 material, and the B2 material is in direct contact with the whole inner surface of the side wall 1 of the part a. In fig. 2, the isolation device 3 is not present, and the rest is the same as in fig. 1.

The cross-section shown in fig. 6 is also an I-shaped cross-section.

The advantage of a type I cross section is that after solidification of the B1 material, the B2 material is in a flowable state phase, and if hydrostatic pressure is applied to the B2 material, the B1 material is subjected to hydrostatic pressure everywhere on the cross section, whether or not shrinkage of the B1 material occurred at this time and before. And, even if shrinkage of the B1 material occurs at this stage, if the pre-compression stress of the B2 material is maintained constant, the shrinkage of the B1 portion cannot reduce the pre-compression stress.

II section

The II-type section is characterized in that: in this cross section, the B2 portion is a single communication region, and all or most of the boundary line of the B2 region is the inner boundary line of the B1 region, or is separated from the inner boundary line of the B1 by only one layer of isolation means; the length of the overlapping portion of the outer boundary line of the B1 region and the inner boundary line of the a portion, or the length of the portion with only one layer of the retarder antifriction material or retarder layer interposed therebetween, is the whole or most of the outer boundary line of the B1 region and corresponds to the whole or most of the inner boundary line of the a portion.

The cross-section of the combined structure shown in fig. 3 and 4 is a type II cross-section, wherein the region 21 is filled with B1 material, the region 22 is filled with B2 material, the B2 material region 22 is surrounded by the spacer 3, a substantial portion of the outer boundary of the spacer 3 is surrounded by the B1 material region 21, the outer end of the spacer is in contact with the inner surface of the a portion 1, and the outer surface of the B1 material is in contact with the inner surface of the a portion 1.

The cross-section shown in fig. 8, 10 and 12 is also a type II cross-section.

The II-type cross section has the advantages that: the size of the isolation device is small, and the isolation device is convenient to manufacture; the width of the B2 region can be adjusted, and the method can be suitable for B2 materials with slightly higher viscosity; the use of a pressurizing piston is facilitated for applying the pre-compression stress.

For example, in FIG. 3, after the B1 material solidifies, the B2 material is in a flowable state phase, and if a hydrostatic pressure is applied to the B2 material, the B1 region of the cross-section is subjected to a pressure that, although not ideal, approximates the hydrostatic pressure state.

However, for the cross-section shown in fig. 8, the B2 material is in a flowable state after the B1 material solidifies, and if a hydrostatic pressure is applied to the B2 material, the B1 material may be pulled in a tangential direction, particularly when the cavity diameter is large in the cross-section. If the cavity diameter is small and/or the shrinkage after solidification of the B1 material is small, the cross section shown in fig. 8 may be selected.

Type III section

The type III cross section is characterized by:

the core area on the section is a single communication area filled with B21 material; all or a substantial portion of the boundary of the B21 material region in cross section overlaps with some of the boundary of the B1 material region or is separated therefrom by a layer of isolation means; all or a majority of the outer boundary of the B1 material region is surrounded by the B22 material region, the B1 material region being in direct contact with the B22 material region, or there being an isolation means therebetween; the B22 material region is between the B1 material region and the a-part region.

Preferably, the B21 material is the same material as the B22 material;

preferably, the area of the B1 part and the area of the B22 part are both annular areas.

Preferably, from the point when the B1 part material has just a static shear strength in the triaxial compressive stress state, there is at least a time period during which both the B21 and B22 materials have a relatively high fluidity compared to the B1 material, until the cement in the B1 part material has completed hydration.

Preferably, in the whole combined structure, the three-dimensional space region corresponding to the B21 portion and the three-dimensional space region corresponding to the B22 portion are communicated or only thin layers of material are interposed in some cross sections.

The cross-sections shown in fig. 14 and 18 are both section III.

In fig. 14, both region 221 and region 22 are filled with B2 material and region 21 is filled with B1 material. B1 material region 21 is between B2 material regions 221 and 22, with isolation means between regions 221 and 21, and isolation means between regions 22 and 21.

In fig. 18, regions 224 and 221 are filled with B2 material and region 21 is filled with B1 material.

The advantage of type III cross-sections is that they can be used in combination with type I cross-sections, leaving more possibilities for designing the shape of the three-dimensional region of the parts B1, B2. For example, if the three-dimensional regions of the B1 and B2 portions in the cavity are as shown in fig. 13 to 18, the B1 and B2 three-dimensional regions containing the type III cross-section have the advantage of both type I and type II cross-sections. The extruding piston is convenient to load, and the parts of the part B1 are only subjected to the effect of hydrostatic pressure. Even after the B1 material solidifies, the B2 material is in a flowable state stage, and hydrostatic pressure is applied to the B2 material, shear stress is not generated everywhere in the B1 portion.

IV-shaped cross section

The IV-type section is characterized in that the whole area in the cavity in the section is divided into two areas B1 and B2, wherein the two areas are respectively contacted with the inner wall of the part A or separated from the inner wall by a thin layer of material, and the areas B1 and B2 are mutually bound or separated by an isolating device.

The IV-shaped section has the advantages that the isolation device is convenient to manufacture, the disadvantage that the section is asymmetric, and the isolation device is not used for manufacturing linear axis columns with large length-diameter ratio, but is suitable for manufacturing arched compression members. The areas B1 and B2 in cross-section are ensured symmetrically with respect to the plane in which the arch axis lies.

Coagulation

Solidification in the present invention refers to the process of converting a material from zero or near zero shear strength to having shear strength.

Coagulation includes, but is not limited to:

setting and hardening processes of cement mortars, concretes, reactive powder concretes, and the like; a process in which the polymer material is changed from a flowable state to a solid state.

Strength increase

The settable material has a process in which its strength increases with time after it has shear strength.

Turning point of intensity change

The settable material has shear strength and, at the same time, compressive strength. Its strength increases with time.

There are three stages in the development of strength of settable materials:

(1) Stage I: having a flow phase, the static strength is almost zero;

(2) Stage II: a strength increasing stage, from the beginning of having shear strength to the ending of the appearance of a strength change turning point;

(3) Stage III: starting from the occurrence of the intensity change turning point until the intensity does not change with time. The rate of change of intensity with time is smaller and smaller in this process, which is much greater than the length of phases I and II.

The turning point of the intensity change is the demarcation point of the phase II and the phase III, and has the following characteristics: the intensity-versus-time curve has a maximum curvature at this point, and the slope of the curve before this demarcation point is greater than the slope after the demarcation point.

The method for measuring the time-dependent relation curve of the intensity comprises the following steps: at intervals, a set of intensity values are measured with a rebound instrument. The intensity values are plotted against time using these data. Of course, a group of test blocks can be pressed at intervals to measure the relation between the compressive strength and time.

Inorganic nonmetallic curable material

The inorganic nonmetallic curable material in the present invention means an inorganic nonmetallic material that can be cured without reacting with components in the air. Such materials include, but are not limited to, lime, gypsum, cement, and the like.

Cement-based material

Cement-based materials in the present invention refer to materials that contain cement and that are accompanied by hydration of the cement during setting.

Cement-based materials include, but are not limited to:

Cement paste, cement mortar, concrete, etc., and

cement mortar, concrete, reactive powder concrete, etc. containing reactive admixture, and

cement, reactive admixture with water, and

cement, mixtures of active and/or inactive admixtures with water, and,

cement, active admixture and/or inactive admixture, a mixture of solid particles and water.

Reactive admixture refers to a material capable of chemically or physico-chemically reacting with cement or cement products, including but not limited to: fly ash, slag, silica fume, calcium hydroxide powder, etc.

The non-active admixture is characterized in that the admixture cannot generate hydration reaction or has little reaction after being mixed with lime, gypsum or silicate cement and water at normal temperature, and hydraulic hydration products cannot be generated. Inactive dopants include, but are not limited to: limestone, quartz sand and slow-cooling slag.

Retarding polymer material

The admixture is characterized in that: from the start of no static shear strength to the end of the static shear strength reaching a certain lower value, the process takes longer than that for ordinary polymeric materials, for example, all the time of the process is between tens of hours and months, or longer. The static shear strength of lower value is set according to the requirement, for example, 0.1MPa, 0.5MPa, 1MPa and the like; when this static shear strength value is reached, the solidification process of the material is not completed, and the static shear strength after that also increases with time.

Some of the existing retarding polymer materials have fluidity after half a year, and the materials are filled between the retarding prestressed steel strand and an outer sleeve thereof.

Retarding antifriction material

The material has one of the following characteristics:

(1) After the configuration is completed, the static shear strength of the retarder is zero or almost zero in the time range required by the design, and is only one to one tenth of the final static shear strength of the retarder antifriction material;

(2) When the time exceeds a certain length, the cohesion and internal friction angle of the material are increased, and the cohesion and internal friction angle gradually depend on the final value; the adhesion and coefficient of friction between the retarding friction reducing material and the solid surface in contact therewith increases gradually approaching the final value.

Retarding antifriction layer

The retarding antifriction layer is a layered material made of retarding antifriction material and is used between the B1 and/or B2 material in the cavity and the inner surface of the part A. The manufacturing method comprises the following steps:

applying a retarding material to the permeable braid;

the retarder material is smeared on one surface or two surfaces of the waterproof film, and the retarder antifriction material smeared on the surface of the film contacted with the inner surface of the part A;

and (3) coating a retarding antifriction material on a certain area of the inner surface of the part A, and then attaching a layer of water-permeable braided fabric or a water-impermeable film on the retarding antifriction material.

The moment at which the retarded friction reducing layer loses fluidity must be later than the moment at which the B1 material in the cavity begins to solidify, preferably later than the moment at which the shrinkage turning point of the B1 material occurs, in order to weaken or eliminate the shear stress on that surface of the B1 material which faces the inner wall of the a portion. If the retarder antifriction layer is not arranged, the B1 part material has volume shrinkage, and the interface between the B1 material and the inner wall of the A part has shear stress.

Fluidity of the product

By flowability of a material is meant that the material has at least one of the following properties.

(1) The material has no static shear strength or almost no static shear strength no matter whether the material is subjected to hydrostatic pressure; by barely possessing static shear strength, it is meant that the static shear strength at that moment is very small compared to the final static shear strength of the settable material, which is only a few parts per million to a few tenths of the final strength, or only a few parts per million to a few tenths;

(2) The material has no static uniaxial compressive strength or almost no static uniaxial compressive strength; by barely possessing a static compressive strength, it is meant that the static compressive strength at the moment is very small, only a few ten thousandths to a few tenths, or only a few ten thousandths to a few tens of fractions, of the final strength, as compared to the final static compressive strength of the settable material;

(3) The continuous deformation can occur under the action of any small shearing force; by very small shear forces is meant that at the moment of application of the shear forces, the shear forces are only a few parts per million to a few tenths of the ultimate static shear strength of the settable material, or only a few parts per million to a tenth.

(4) When the material is flowable, the application of shear deformation to the material does not reduce the long-term strength of the material.

Flowability is sometimes referred to as flowability.

End of fluidity time

The material starts at a time when three characteristics of the fluidity of the material are not possessed in the process from the fluidity to the loss of the fluidity.

Static strength

The static intensity is the intensity measured by the static intensity measuring method specified by the specification.

Final static strength

After the static strength of the material does not change or hardly changes with time, the strength measured by the static strength measurement method is the final static strength of the material. The final static strength corresponding to the static tensile strength, the compressive strength and the shear strength of the material is respectively called final static tensile strength, final static compressive strength and final static shear strength.

Flowable time

The length of time that the material has fluidity is measured from the time when all the components of the material are mixed.

Relatively high flowability

At some point, both materials a and b are subjected to the same stress, which does not change over time and which is not zero in bias, and if the rate of bias strain of material a is higher than that of material b, it is said that material a has a relatively high flowability than material b.

Flowable state

When the material has fluidity, the material is in a flowable state.

Chemical shrinkage

The absolute volume after hydration is less than the sum of the volumes of water and other ingredients involved in hydration before hydration.

Contraction turning point

Placing the freshly mixed cement-based material in a closed environment, and letting it go through two stages:

(1) In the first phase, the pressure to which the material is subjected is variable at least in the very beginning phase, the temperature experienced being variable;

(2) In the second stage, the temperature and pressure were kept unchanged and the volume strain versus time was recorded.

In the second stage, if there is a point in the volume strain versus time curve that has the following characteristics, this point is the contraction turning point. The point is characterized in that: the curvature of the curve is at a maximum at this point, and the rate of volumetric strain after this point is much lower than the average rate previously in the second stage, only a fraction of the previous, and even lower. In the usual water cement ratio or water cement ratio range, the material already has a certain static shear strength when the shrinkage turning point occurs.

If no turning point appears in the curve of the volume strain versus time in the second phase, indicating that the start time of the second phase is too late, the turning point can appear in the curve in the second phase by shortening the time length of the first phase. If the material is still in a flowable state at the beginning of the second stage, it must be possible to find the turning point. Even if the material has a certain static shear strength at the moment the second phase starts, a turning point can occur if the strength is not high enough.

Time to reach the systolic turning point

The starting time is the moment when the pressure applied to the fresh cement-based material just begins to rise after the fresh cement-based material is placed in a closed environment; the end time is the moment corresponding to the turning point in the curve; the length of the time from the start point to the end point is called the time to reach the contraction turning point.

Intensity increase turning point

The material strength versus time curve is determined by a non-destructive test method, wherein a point with the following characteristics exists, and the point is the turning point of the strength increase. The point is characterized in that: the absolute value of the curve curvature is at a maximum at this point, and the rate of increase of intensity after this point is much lower than the previous average rate, with an absolute value of only a few tenths to a fraction of the previous absolute value of the rate, even lower.

Steam pressure reducing turning point

(1) In the first stage, the pressure to which the material is subjected and the temperature itself can be varied;

(2) In the second stage, the temperature and pressure are kept unchanged, the temperature is higher than the boiling point of water, and the internal steam pressure is recorded as a time relation curve.

In the second phase, if there is a point in the steam pressure versus time curve that has the following characteristics, the point is the steam pressure decreasing turning point. The point is characterized in that: the absolute value of the curvature of the curve is at a maximum at this point, after which point the rate of decrease of the vapor pressure is much lower than the average rate previously in the second stage, with an absolute value of only a fraction of the previous tenth to a fraction of the absolute value of the rate, even lower.

For HC, UHC, RPC, the internal space away from the surface is mostly not in communication with the outside, and the internal vapor pressure is difficult to discharge. HC. The UHC and RPC are equivalent to a closed environment.

When the temperature is higher than the boiling point of water and lower than the decomposition temperature of the main components (calcium hydroxide, hydrated calcium silicate) inside the cement-based material, the steam pressure inside the material is lowered mainly because the steam water is consumed by participating in various reactions. The reactions include pozzolanic reactions, and hydration reactions with unhydrated cement particles. The ettringite starts to decompose at a temperature below the boiling point of water, the decomposition temperature of the main component not including the ettringite temperature.

Gas pressure turning point

When the gas inside the material includes other gas in addition to steam, the gas pressure reduction turning point is used instead of the steam pressure reduction turning point, and the definition method is the same.

Pressurizing device

Pressure means can be applied to the B1 and/or B2 material in the part a enclosed cavity, including means inside and outside the cavity.

Pressure source

Devices capable of providing pressure to a fluid, such as pumps, accumulators, and the like.

The range of pressure sources in the volume compensation device that directly drives the flow of B2 material in a flowable state is: grouting pump, accumulator, piston pressurizing device. The piston pressurizing device is similar to a hydraulic jack, the hydraulic oil is replaced by the B2 material, when a load is applied to the piston, the pressure of the B2 material in the oil cylinder is increased, and the material is injected into the B2 area in the cavity of the combined structure along a pipeline connected with the piston pressurizing device.

Post-treatment method

If the pressurizing means is a pressurizing piston, the post-treatment is to saw off the exposed portion of the piston. The material in the cavity in contact with the piston should be sufficiently strong to resist the change in stress to the B1 and B2 materials after the piston rod loses external force when sawn.

If the pressurizing device is a pipeline communicated with the cavity and an external pressurizing device, the post-treatment method is to remove the pressurizing device and saw off the pipeline filled with the B2 material. When sawing through the pipe, the B1 or B2 material near the orifice of the a portion in the cavity is sufficiently strong to prevent extrusion due to stress redistribution.

If the pressurizing means is a built-in volume compensating means, the post-treatment is to purge the gas or liquid therefrom and inject the settable material therein. In doing so, the strength of the B1 and B2 materials meets the following requirements, the materials being strong enough to resist pressure imbalance due to the removal of the volume compensation device; the change of the stress state of the material in the cavity does not or hardly reduce the long-term strength of the corresponding material.

Node temperature, upper node temperature, lower node temperature

Node temperature refers to the temperature at which a significant change in material properties occurs. Let the pressure to which the material is subjected be p and the temperature of the material be T. When the material is a cement-based material in a flowable state, the lower node temperature is the freezing point of water in the material corresponding to the pressure p; the upper node temperature is the boiling temperature of water in the material corresponding to the pressure p.

When the material is a polymer material or other material in a flowable state, the lower node temperature and the upper node temperature have the following characteristics: when the material is subjected to the pressure p, if the temperature T is higher than the temperature of the lower node and lower than the temperature of the upper node, the material can keep in a flowable state within a required time range; after solidification, the material still has the required properties. When the material is a solidified high polymer material or other materials, the lower node temperature and the upper node temperature are respectively the lower limit and the upper and lower limits of the temperature in normal use.

Temperature-pressure action process

Within a time range of finite length, e.g. in time interval t _12,S ,t _12,E ]As well as the temperature and pressure applied to the material of part B over time.

TP procedure

Short for the temperature-pressure course of action.

Energy consumption mode control temperature

The temperature control mode means that energy is consumed when the temperature is controlled, and the temperature control mode comprises the steps of converting electric energy into heat energy for heating, heating by using combustion flames and the like.

Preset value of intensity

The preset value of the intensity is an intensity value that the material is able to withstand some external force changes when it is determined to reach.

Definition of material time nodes

t _12,S -starting point of the manually applied temperature-pressure action process (TP process), when both B1 and B2 materials are filled into the cavity enclosed by part a, both the temperature control device and the pressure control device are installed, with the conditions for applying the temperature-pressure action process to both B1 and B2 materials.

The onset of the action process is earlier than the end of the flowable state of the B1 and B2 materials.

t _12,E -end time of the artificially applied temperature-pressure action process (TP process).

Preferably, the end time t _12,E To be later than the end time of the flowable state,

Preferably, the end time t _12,E To be later than the moment at which the pinch break point occurs,

preferably, the end time t _12,E To be later than the moment at which the intensity turning point occurs,

preferably, the end time t _12,E Later than the moment when the turning point of the internal vapour pressure of the material occurs,

t _1,0 -the completion time of mixing and stirring of all the components of the B1 part material.

t _1,1 -the moment when the flowable state of the B1 material ends.

t _1,2 -the moment when the strength of the B1 material reaches the preset value.

Corresponding to the material B1 and its said intensity, there is at least one function t=g of temperature T and pressure p ₁₂ (p) for a given pressure p=p ₀ Corresponding to a temperature T=T ₀ ，T ₀ ＝g ₁₂ (p ₀ ) When the hydrostatic pressure of the B1 material is greater than or equal to p ₀ The self temperature is less than or equal to T ₀ When the B1 material does not burst.

T＝g ₁₂ The (p) function may be determined experimentally. At a certain moment, the upper temperature limit at which no bursting occurs or the lower temperature limit at which bursting occurs, corresponding to the pressure p, is a determined value.

In the curing process, the curing temperature is controlled within a range which does not decompose the main components in the material, but can decompose ettringite. The temperature at which ettringite begins to decompose is very low, only 70 ℃, and pozzolanic reaction occurs after decomposition, without negative impact on strength. The mechanical properties of the B1 material change over time, with the result that the strength increases.

This preset value for the intensity is reached with the characteristic that,it corresponds to a T-p relationship expressed as a function of T=g ₁₂ (p) for a given pressure p=p ₀ Corresponding to a temperature T=T ₀ When the hydrostatic pressure of the B1 material is greater than or equal to p ₀ The self temperature is less than or equal to T ₀ When the B1 material does not burst.

To emphasize that it is for B1 material, use P _1,2 Substitution p ₀ By T _1,2 Replacement T ₀ . The above statement becomes that for pressure P _1,2 And by pressure

P _1,2 The determined temperature T _1,2 When the temperature does not exceed T _1,2 And a pressure of not less than P _1,2 When the B1 material does not burst.

t _1,3 -the moment when the B1 material shrink transition point occurs.

t _1,4 -the moment when the turning point of the intensity change of the B1 material occurs.

t _1,5 -the moment when the vapor pressure change turning point of the B1 material occurs.

t _2,0 -the completion time of the mixing and stirring of all the components of the B2 part material.

t _2,1 -the moment when the flowable state of the B2 material ends;

t _2,2 -the moment when the strength of the B2 material reaches the preset value.

At this point in time, the preset value reached by the strength of the B2 material has the property that it corresponds to a pressure variable P _2,2 And by pressure P _2,2 Determined temperature variable T _2,2 When the temperature does not exceed T _2,2 And a pressure of not less than P _2,2 When the B2 material does not burst.

t _2,3 -the moment when the B2 material contraction turning point occurs.

t _2,4 -the moment when the turning point of the intensity change of the B2 material occurs.

t _2,5 -the moment when the application of pressure to the B2 material by the pressurizing means is finished.

Preferably, at the end of the application of pressure, the B1 material is already solidified and has sufficient strength;

preferably, at the end of the application of pressure, the B2 material is already solidified and has sufficient strength;

preferably, at the end of the application of pressure, the B1 material is already solidified and has sufficient strength and the B2 material is in a flowable state.

Material time node constraint relationship

t _12,S ＜t _1,1 ＜t _1,2 ＜t _12,E

t _12,S ＜t _2,1 ＜t _2,2

t _1,1 ＜t _2,1

Saturated vapor pressure of water

The saturated vapor pressure of pure water is only dependent on pressure when the temperature is below the critical temperature (374.3 ℃). When water contains solutes, the saturated vapor pressure can be affected by the concentration and type of solutes. The water in the concrete dissolves high boiling point, low volatile substances, which can reduce the saturated vapor pressure.

Critical temperature and critical pressure of water

The critical temperature of water was 374.3℃and the critical pressure was 22.115MPa.

Single column

A column has only one part A surrounding a cavity, and the filling in the cavity contains B1 and B2 materials.

Combined column

At least one single column is included, and other parts for sharing load are also included.

Reinforced concrete column with built-in single column

The outside of the single column is wrapped by concrete, the concrete is provided with reinforcing steel bars, and the concrete shares the load born by the column.

Steel fiber concrete column with built-in single column

The outside of the single column is wrapped by steel fiber concrete, and the steel fibers share the load born by the column.

Reinforced concrete column comprising a plurality of single columns

The single columns are placed in parallel, concrete is filled in the gaps, the outside of the single columns is wrapped by the concrete, and at least stirrups are arranged in the concrete.

Sleeve concrete column with built-in single column

The outside of a single column is sleeved with another tube called an outer tube, and a settable material is filled between the outside of the single column and the inner wall of the outer tube. Preferably, the settable material is a cement-based material.

Steel tube concrete column with multiple built-in single columns

An outer tube is sleeved outside a plurality of single columns which are arranged in parallel. In the area surrounded by the inner wall of the outer tube, the area outside the area occupied by the single column is filled with a solidifiable material.

TP procedure technical scheme

Non-segmentation scheme

Scheme 1

1. Technical characteristics of

In time interval t _12,S ,t _12,E ]And applying a TP procedure to B1 and B2 in the cavity enclosed by part A, wherein the procedure has at least one time period in which the temperature, pressure and material have the following characteristics.

(1) B1 and B2 materials are subjected to a pressure above 1 atmosphere;

(2) The temperature of the B1 and B2 materials is higher than the normal temperature;

(3) The strength of the B1 material that is subjected to the TP process is higher than the strength of the B1 material that is not subjected to the process, and/or,

2. Technical effects

When the temperature is raised, components which do not participate in the reaction at normal temperature also participate in the reaction, which is mainly pozzolanic reaction, with the result that the strength is improved. As the pressure increases, the temperature that the cement-based material can withstand increases.

Scheme 2

1. Technical characteristics of

In time interval t _12,s ,t _12,E ]An inner pair of a part surrounded by a hollowB1 and B2 in the cavity impose a TP procedure with the following characteristics,

(1) In the process, the B1 and B2 materials undergo a flowable state and preliminary solidification, have lower strength and increased strength, and reach preset strength;

when the B1 material has solidified, if it is satisfiedThen B1 materialThe material is not damaged or destroyed, and the long-term strength of the material is not affected; alternatively, although damage occurs or the long-term intensity is affected, the degree of damage or the degree of influence on the long-term intensity is within an allowable range;

2. Preferred embodiment

Priority scheme 1

The B1 material is a pre-fabricated cement-based material that has set. When the combined structure is a cylindrical steel pipe concrete column, one of the preferable schemes is that the B1 material is a cylinder of prefabricated ultra-high strength concrete or ultra-high strength reinforced concrete; alternatively, the B1 material is a short stub, and after filling the steel pipe, the B2 material is filled in the gap between the steel pipe and the inner wall of the steel pipe.

Preferred embodiment 2

B1 is cement-based material, and is in a flowable state during filling; the B2 material is a mixture of a high polymer material and particles, preferably a mixture of a retarding epoxy resin and quartz powder. In time interval t _12,S ,t _12,E ]When the TP process is applied to the B1 and B2 materials, the lower temperature limit is 15 ℃, and the upper temperature limit is 150 ℃; when the B1 and B2 materials are in a flowable state, the pressure to which the materials are subjected is maintained Until the B1 and B2 materials solidify. This pressure is well above the saturated vapor pressure of water at an upper temperature limit of 150 c, and no bubbles will occur in the B1 material. The retarded epoxy resin can normally react within the range of 15-150 ℃ and can not be decomposed after solidification.

The final strength of the B1 material is 200MPa, and the preset strength value is 30% of the final strength and 67MPa. Before the B1 material reaches the preset strength of 67MPa, the temperature of the B1 and B2 materials is maintained at 20-30 ℃; after the strength of the B1 material is ultrahigh by a preset value, increasing the temperature to ensure that the temperatures of the B1 material and the B2 material reach 50 ℃; when the shrinkage turning point of the B1 material just appears, the B2 material is still in a flowable state, at the moment, the temperature is raised to 150 ℃, and the temperature is maintained until the ending time t of the TP process _12,E . After both B1 and B2 materials solidify, the pressure to which they are subjected deforms depending on the amount of shrinkage deformation and temperature. After the shrink transition point of the B1 material occurs, the B2 material begins to lose fluidity. The B1 material is hydrated under 30MPa and gradually solidifies, the gaps causing shrinkage of the material in the process are compacted, and the B1 material hardly shrinks in the process of B2 solidification and later.

Scheme 3

1. Technical characteristics of

In time interval t _12,S ,t _12,E ]A TP procedure is applied to B1 and B2 in the cavity enclosed by section A, characterized as follows.

(3) At an optional moment in the process, the cavity surface of part A is subjected to a compressive stress p which is higher than the saturation vapor pressure of water corresponding to temperature T; t is the highest temperature of the full area on the temperature field in the cavity at that moment.

Preferably, the pressurizing means is used to apply a constant pressure to the B2 material in the partially enclosed cavity a while the B2 material is in a flowable state until solidification of the B2 material occurs.

Preferably, the pressurizing piston is used for loading, and a constant load is applied to the pressurizing piston until the B2 material is solidified and has sufficient strength.

Preferably, the B2 material in the cavity is subjected to a constant compressive stress using a pipe filled with a settable material having a setting time equal to or later than the setting time of the B2 material. The material in the pipeline solidifies during constant pressure and has strength. After the B1 and B2 materials solidify, the pressure to which they are subjected may change due to shrinkage and temperature changes. The deformation of the surface of the part A after the temperature deformation is subtracted is monitored, the pressure born by the surface of the cavity of the part A is calculated, and the saturated vapor pressure of water is adjusted by adjusting the temperature so as to be lower than the pressure born by the surface of the cavity of the part A.

2. Technical effects

When the pressure received by the cavity surface of the part A is higher than the saturated vapor pressure of water, if the B1 and B2 materials are in a flowable state, no bubbles can appear in the materials; if the B1 and B2 materials have just begun to solidify or already have some strength, the B1 and B2 materials will not crack or burst.

Segmentation scheme

TP procedure partitioning

In time interval t _12,S ,t _12,E ]A TP procedure is applied to the B1 and B2 materials. In the process, both the B1 and B2 materials change from a flowable state to a solidified state and reach a certain strength, the flowable state of the B2 material ending later in time than the B1 material.

Corresponding to time interval t _12,S ,t _12,E ]TP of (2)The process is divided into at least two phases,

(1) The first phase corresponds to interval t _12,S ,t _12,D1 ]. This phase includes the B1 and B2 materials going from a flowable state to a solidified state, and at the moment (t=t _12,D1 Moment), the intensity reaches a preset value, which is not 0.

(2) The second phase corresponds to interval t _12,D2 ,t _12,E ]At the beginning of this phase, the B1 and B2 materials have solidified and the strength has reached a preset value other than 0.

(3) An transition phase t may also be provided between the first and second phases _12,D1 ,t _12,D2 ]The transition phase may also be omitted. When the transition phase is omitted, t _12,D1 ＝t _12,D2 At this time, t can be recorded _12,D1 ＝t _12,D2 ＝t _12,D 。

The first stage of the TP process is called the TP process type a, including type a 1, type a 2, type a 3, type a 4 and type a 5; the second stage of TP process is called type B TP process, including type B1, type B2 and type B3 TP processes.

TP procedure A

< type A1 TP procedure (Normal temperature) >)

The TP procedure of type a 1 is characterized in that,

(1) In interval [ t ] _12,S ,t _12,D1 ]In the method, the B1 and B2 materials undergo a flowable state and preliminary solidification, have lower strength, increase strength and reach preset strength, and the preset strength is not 0;

(2) In interval [ t ] _12,S ,t _12,D1 ]In this case, the temperature experienced by the material is normal, and the influence of temperature is not taken into consideration when applying a pressure to B1 and B2 in the cavity surrounded by the portion a.

< type A2 TP Process (below 100 ℃ C.) >)

1. Characterization of type A2 TP procedure

The TP type a 2 process has the following two features.

(1) In interval [ t ] _12,S ,t _12,D1 ]In which the B1 and B2 materials undergo a flowable state and a preliminary solidification, having a low strengthThe degree and the intensity are increased to reach the preset intensity, and the preset intensity is not 0;

(2) Controlling the temperature T of the material to be lower than the upper limit T _U Above the lower limit T _L Between, the upper limit and the lower limit cannot be reached, i.e. T is satisfied _L ＜T＜T _U 。

Upper limit T of temperature _U The determination method of (1) is as follows: the upper temperature limit is taken as the lowest boiling point value of water in the B1 and B2 materials whether the B1 and B2 materials are in a flowable state or not; the boiling point corresponds to the condition that the material is in a flowable state at local atmospheric pressure; preferably, the upper temperature limit T is taken as _U ＝100℃；

(3) In interval [ t ] _12,s ,t _12,D1 ]In this case, the temperature influence is not taken into account when applying pressure, whether the B1 and B2 materials in the cavity enclosed by part A are in a flowable state or have lost fluidity.

This method is applicable in cases where the B1 and B2 materials do not contain components having boiling points lower than that of water.

When the material contains a component having a low boiling point, it is preferable to set the upper temperature limit T _U Lowering until no bubbles appear; alternatively, the pressure is applied after waiting for all of the low boiling components to escape; in a third preferred embodiment, the pressure is continuously applied to the B1 and B2 materials regardless of the influence of the low boiling point gas.

2. Priority scheme for type A2 TP procedure

Preferably, t is taken _2,2 ≤t _12,D1 . Preferably, t is taken _2,2 >t _12,D1 。t _1,2 T is the time when the strength of the B1 material reaches a preset value _2,2 The time when the strength of the B2 material reaches a preset value.

PreferablyAt [ t ] _12,S ,t _1,2 ]And selecting the temperature of the B1 material to be between 50 and 0 ℃. Preferably, when t is taken _2,2 ≤t _12,D1 At [ t ] _12,S ,t _2,2 ]And selecting the temperature of the B2 material to be between 50 and 60 ℃. Some cement-based materials, if cured at temperatures in this range, have a material strength that is higher than room temperature curing.

Preferably, at [ t ] _12,S ,t _1,2 ]The temperature of the B1 material is controlled without adopting a method of manually heating or cooling; preferably, when t is taken _2,2 ≤t _12,D1 At [ t ] _12,S ,t _2,2 ]And the temperature of the B2 material is not controlled by adopting a method of manually heating or cooling.

Preferably, at [ t ] _1,2 ,t _12,D1 ]And the curing temperature of the B1 material is between 90 ℃ and 95 ℃. Preferably, at [ t ] _2,2 ,t _12,D1 ]And the curing temperature of the B2 material is between 90 ℃ and 95 ℃. Curing in this temperature range can cause pozzolanic reaction of some of the components in the cementitious material during or after hardening, and can increase the strength of the cementitious material. Preferably, the time interval [ t ] _1,2 ,t _12,D1 ]The length of (2) is 1-2 d or 3-7 d.

3. Technical effect of A2 type TP procedure

The technical effects of the TP process are as follows: during the application of TP, when the temperature is within the above-described range, if the pressure p applied to the B1 and B2 materials on a 1 atmosphere basis is greater than or equal to 0, the water in the uncured B1 and B2 materials continues to remain in a liquid state. The design and selection of the loading means, the sealing means, and the sealing material can be performed in a state in which water is liquid, regardless of the sealing against gas. When the selected temperature is higher than the ambient temperature and lower than the boiling point, the hydration and hardening speeds of the B1 and B2 materials are increased, and the strength is improved; there are also components which react slowly or do not participate in the reaction at normal temperature, and after the temperature is increased, the reaction speed is increased or the components participate in the reaction, and the reaction is mainly volcanic ash reaction, and the reaction can improve the strength of the cement-based material. The technical effect of the type A2 TP process is that the balance between the strength of the cement-based material and the difficulty of implementing the TP process is achieved by adopting a normal-temperature sealing material, a sealing device and a sealing method, and a plurality of normal-temperature pressurizing devices and pressurizing methods.

< TP Process of type A3 (above 100 ℃ C.) >

1. Characterization of type A3 TP procedure

The type A3 TP procedure is characterized as follows.

Lower limit T of temperature _L The determination method of (1) is as follows: the lower temperature limit is taken as the lowest boiling point value of water in the B1 and B2 materials whether the B1 and B2 materials are in a flowable state or not; the boiling point corresponds to the condition that the material is in a flowable state at local atmospheric pressure; preferably, the lower temperature limit T is taken _L 100 ℃;

upper temperature limit T _U The critical temperature of water was taken to be 374.3 ℃.

(3) The pressure applied to the inner surface of part A is p ^A The pressures acting on the B1 and B2 materials inside the cavity are p respectively ⁽¹⁾ And p ⁽²⁾ The temperatures of the B1 and B2 materials are T respectively ⁽¹⁾ And T ⁽²⁾ . In interval [ t ] _12,S ,t _12,D1 ]In, whether the B1 and B2 materials in the cavity enclosed by the part A are in a flowable state or have lost flowability, the pressure p exerted on the B1 and B2 materials ⁽¹⁾ And p ⁽²⁾ Are respectively higher than the respective lower pressure limit And->I.e. simultaneously satisfy->Andwherein->And->Respectively the water corresponds to the temperature T ⁽¹⁾ And T ⁽²⁾ Is a saturated vapor pressure of (2).

Preferably, p is taken ⁽¹⁾ ＝p ⁽²⁾ ＝p ^A ，Wherein->Equal to->And->Is the maximum value of (a).

Preferably, p is taken ^A Is greater than the critical pressure of water (22.115 MPa). The critical pressure is a pressure corresponding to the critical temperature of water (374.3 ℃).

2. Special case of type A3 TP procedure

Under the above constraints, if other components are present in the B1 and B2 materials, gas may be able to be generated. During the application of TP, the presence of bubbles is monitored and eliminated by means of a method. Preferably, the pressure is increased; preferably, the temperature is reduced; preferably, the pressure is increased and the temperature is decreased.

Monitoring whether bubbles are present when the B1 or/and B2 material is in a flowable stateThe method of (1) is adopted,pressure change- Volume change relation methodThe method is abbreviated as Δp- Δv, where Δp is the pressure change and Δv is the volume change. The method comprises the following steps: (1) Based on the original pressure p, inStatic rate rangeSelecting a pressure change rate, applying an increment delta p to the pressure p in the part A enclosed cavity at the rate, recording delta p and delta v of the volume change delta v of the fluid in the cavity caused by the pressure change delta p, and making a delta p-delta v relation curve; (2) Deltav by the unit Deltap without bubbles is denoted as K _S Deltav by the unit Deltap when there is a bubble is denoted as K _B ，K _B Will be greater than K _S Several times to hundreds of times, so as to judge whether the air bubble exists.

The static rate range has a characteristic that Δp- Δv relationship curves almost overlap when the loading rate is changed within the static rate range. Preferably, the increment Δp is applied at a rate of 0.1 to 10MPa/S.

The preferred loading scheme for measuring the Δp- Δv relationship without bubbles is to increase the pressure p monotonically at room temperature or to vary the pressure p cyclically. The loading scheme for measuring the Δp- Δv relationship to evaluate whether there is a bubble is a monotonic or cyclic loading method.

When pressurized with a plunger, the pressure change Δp and the volume change Δv are calculated by observing the pressure applied to the plunger and the displacement of the plunger.

When pressurizing the cavity enclosed in part a with the tubing, the pressure change Δp and the volume change Δv are calculated by observing the applied pressure and the volume of material flowing through the tubing.

3. Technical effects

In the above temperature range, the rate of cement hydration is greatly increased, and some silica in the silica powder also participates in the reaction, which can shorten the curing time. In addition, cement-based materials incorporating different additives vary in setting time when the same temperature is varied. The relationship of the time nodes of the B1 and B2 materials can be adjusted according to this mechanism. .

In the above temperature range, there is a one-to-one correspondence between temperature and pressure, and if vapor pressure is to be controlled, this can be achieved by controlling the temperature.

< type A4 TP Process >

1. Technical characteristics of

The type A4 TP procedure is characterized as follows.

(1) Time interval t _12,S ,t _12,D1 ]Is divided into [ t ] _12,S ,t _1,2 ]And [ t ] _1,2 ,t _12,D1 ]Wherein t is _12,D1 ≥t _2,2 . At [ t ] _12,S ,t _1,1 ]In the inside, the B1 and B2 materials have flowability; at [ t ] _1,1 ,t _1,2 ]In the process, the B1 material gradually loses fluidity, and the B2 material still has fluidity; at t=t _1,2 At the moment, the B1 material has certain strength; at [ t ] _1,2 ,t _2,1 ]In the process, the strength of the B1 material is continuously increased, and the B2 material still has fluidity; at [ t ] _2,1 ,t _2,2 ]In, the B2 material begins to gradually lose fluidity; arriving at t=t _2,2 At moment, the strength of the B1 and B2 materials respectively reaches a first preset value of the materials; to t=t _12,D1 At the moment, the strength of the B1 and B2 materials respectively reaches a second preset value, wherein the second preset value is larger than or equal to the first preset value, and the strength preset value is not 0.

(2) In time interval t _12,S ,t _1,2 ]In which the temperatures T of the B1 and B2 materials are both controlled at an upper limit T _U1 And lower limit T _L1 Between, the upper limit and the lower limit cannot be reached, i.e. T is satisfied _L1 ＜T＜T _U1 。

Lower limit T of temperature _L1 The determination method of (1) is as follows: the lower temperature limit is taken to be the highest freezing point value of water in the B1 and B2 materials, whether or not the B1 and B2 materials are in a flowable state. The freezing point corresponds to a condition that the material is in a flowable state at the local atmospheric pressure if the temperature is not lower than the freezing point.

Upper limit T of temperature _U1 The determination method of (1) is as follows: the upper temperature limit is taken as the lowest boiling point value of water in the B1 and B2 materials whether the B1 and B2 materials are in a flowable state or not; the boiling point corresponds to the condition that the material is in a flowable state at the local atmospheric pressure.

Preferably, it is warmUpper limit of degree T _U1 ＝100℃。

(3) In time interval t _12,s ,t _1,2 ]In determining the pressure range, the temperature effect is not taken into account.

(4) In time interval t _1,2 ,t _12,D1 ]In which the temperature T of the material is controlled at an upper limit T _U2 And lower limit T _L2 Between, but not reach the upper and lower limits, i.e. satisfy T _L2 ＜T＜T _U2 。

Lower temperature limit T _L2 Is determined by taking the value in the interval t _12,s ,t _1,2 ]Maximum value of the actual temperature experienced by the inner material.

Upper temperature limit T _U2 The critical temperature of water was taken to be 374.3 ℃.

(5) In time interval t _1,2 ,t _12,D1 ]The pressure to which the B2 material is subjected is higher than a lower pressure limit, which is the saturated vapor pressure of water in the B2 material corresponding to the temperature T of the B2 material.

Preferably, in the time interval [ t ] _12,S ,t _1,2 ]The temperature of the materials B1 and B2 was controlled to be normal temperature. Preferably, in the time interval [ t ] _12,S ,t _1,2 ]In the interior, no measures are taken to control the temperature, the cement-based material is hydrated and released, and the outer surface of the part A exchanges heat with the environment. Preferably, in the time interval [ t ] _12,S ,t _1,2 ]And (3) coating a heat insulation material on the outer surface of the part A.

2. Special cases of type A4 TP procedure

In time interval t _1,2 ,t _12,D1 ]When the fluid pressure in the cavity which the part a is allowed to withstand is lower than the saturated vapor pressure of water corresponding to the temperature T of the B2 material, a measure is taken to lower the temperature T in the cavity so that the saturated vapor pressure is lower than the pressure which the part a is allowed to withstand.

In time interval t _1,2 ,t _12,D1 ]In this, the B2 material was monitored for the presence of bubbles. The Δp- Δv method may be used, and if bubbles are present, it is preferable to either lower the temperature in the cavity, or/and raise the pressure in the cavity.

3. Technical effects

At [ t ] _1,2 ,t _2,1 ]In this case, the B1 material has solidified and has strength, but the internal components continue to react, during which the B1 material also shrinks and the volume that it shrinks away also requires the B2 material to fill. The temperature is increased at this stage, so that the reaction speed of the B1 material can be increased, and the volume shrinkage turning point can be reached as soon as possible.

Many cement-based materials exhibit shrinkage under high temperature curing conditions that is greater than shrinkage exhibited under normal temperature curing conditions. When the B2 material has fluidity, the B1 material is fully contracted, so that the high-temperature curing shrinkage of the B2 material after solidification can be avoided, and further the reduction of the pre-compression stress can be avoided.

And adding a temperature sensitive additive into the B2 material, and increasing the temperature to enable the B2 material to be quickly solidified when the shrinkage completion degree of the B1 material is considered to reach the requirement.

< type A5 TP procedure (0.about.374.3℃) >)

1. Characterization of type A5 TP procedure

The TP procedure of type a 5 is characterized as follows.

Lower temperature limit T _L The temperature was taken to be 0 ℃.

(2) The pressure applied to the inner surface of part A is p ^A The pressures acting on the B1 and B2 materials inside the cavity are p respectively ⁽¹⁾ And p ⁽²⁾ The temperatures of the B1 and B2 materials are T respectively ⁽¹⁾ And T ⁽²⁾ . In interval [ t ] _12,s ,t _12,D1 ]In, whether the B1 and B2 materials in the cavity enclosed by part A are in a flowable state or have lost fluidity, are applied to B1 andpressure p on B2 material ⁽¹⁾ And p ⁽²⁾ Are respectively higher than the respective lower pressure limitAnd->I.e. simultaneously satisfy->And->Wherein->And->Respectively the water corresponds to the temperature T ⁽¹⁾ And T ⁽²⁾ Is taken when the temperature is lower than 100 DEG CAtmospheric pressure.

Preferably, p is taken ^A Is larger than the critical pressure 22.115MPa of water. The critical pressure is a pressure corresponding to a critical temperature of 374.3 ℃ of water.

TP procedure of B type

The TP procedure of B type corresponds to interval t _12,D2 ,t _12,E ]At the beginning of this phase, the B1 and B2 materials have solidified, have a certain strength, and the strength reaches a preset value.

< type 1 TP Process (No exhaust) >)

TP procedure

The TP type b1 process has the following two features.

(1) The cavity surrounded by the part A is not provided with an exhaust passage, and the gas in the cavity is not discharged outwards.

(2) Upper limit T of temperature in TP _U The following constraints are satisfied: when the material temperature T of B1 and B2 is lower than or reaches the upper temperature limit T _U Gas pressure in the cavityLower than the compressive stress p applied to the inner wall of the cavity of part A ^A . Gas pressure in the cavity +.>Is the pressure of the following gases: these gases are present in those voids in the B1 and/or B2 material that communicate with the material surface, or in the micro-pits in the B1 and/or B2 material surface, or in the various dimensions of voids or gaps between the B1 and/or B2 material surface and the a-part cavity surface.

Preferably, the upper temperature limit of the TP process is below the critical temperature of water (374.3 ℃).

Preferably, the upper temperature limit of the TP process is below the decomposition temperature of the main components in the water B1 and B2 materials. Preferably, the temperature is below the decomposition temperature of calcium hydroxide and above the temperature at which ettringite begins to decompose (70 ℃).

Preferably, the temperature of the TP process is not controlled by means of artificial heating or cooling.

2. Technical effects

When (when)When there is +.>The inner wall of part a then comes into contact with the solid material in the cavity and presses against each other. This limitation is a safety requirement and also a structural quality assurance requirement. If the inner wall of the cavity of part a is separated from the solid material, there are two reasons, the first is that the pressure of the gas is large enough to separate the inner wall of part a from the solid material in the cavity, which is dangerous and may be explosive; the second reason is that the thermal expansion coefficient of the material of the part A is higher than that of the material B1 and/or B2, and after the temperature is raised to a certain value, the inner wall of the part A is separated from the solid material in the cavity; these two reasons can also be superimposed and work together. If the inner wall of part a separates from the solid material in the cavity, there are two negative effects: the first is the possibility of explosion of part a, especially when the first cause plays a major role; the second is that the inner wall is permanently separated from the solid material, which may still be separated even when the temperature is lowered to normal temperature. To control the upper temperature limit, both conditions are prevented.

< TP procedure of type B2 (exhaust) >)

TP procedure

The type b2 TP process has the following two features.

(1) The cavity enclosed by the part a is provided with a vent channel, the gas in the cavity can be discharged to the outside, and the inner wall of the part a can still squeeze and restrain the solid material in the cavity.

(2) The pressure exerted by the inner surface of part A on the solid material in the cavity is noted asThe pressures acting on the B1 and B2 materials inside the cavity are denoted p, respectively ⁽¹⁾ And p ⁽²⁾ The temperatures of the B1 and B2 materials are denoted as T respectively ⁽¹⁾ And T ⁽²⁾ . Requirements for

a. At the same time satisfyAnd->Or (b)

b. At the same time satisfyAnd->

The saidThe meaning of (2) is as follows. At the temperature T of the B1 (B2) material ⁽¹⁾ (T ⁽²⁾ ) Can generate steam or other gases in the material, and can crack or burst if the material is placed in an atmospheric environment; but if compressive stress p is applied to any portion of the outer surface of the B1 (B2) material ⁽¹⁾ (p ⁽²⁾ ) The material does not crack or burst. For a specific material reaching a certain strength +.>Is corresponding to temperature T ⁽¹⁾ (T ⁽²⁾ ) A minimum compressive stress that causes the B1 (B2) material to not crack and not burst; this pressure only acts on the material matrix and does not affect the fluid pressure in the interstices of the material which communicate with the environment.

2. Interpretation of the drawings

The size of (2) is related to the strength of the material and the void structure. The strength and the void structure are constantly changing during hardening,/-> Is also time-dependent, only at a specific moment,/and>having a determined value. When the temperature is lower than the decomposition temperature of the important component, the internal moisture of the material is gradually consumed with the increase of time, and the strength of the material is increased, so that the material is easy to be cooled>Will decrease over time. When there is +.>And->If p is maintained ⁽¹⁾ (p ⁽²⁾ ) Unchanged, keep temperature T ⁽¹⁾ (T ⁽²⁾ ) Unchanged, at least for a short time thereafter, still existsAnd->

The saidThe meaning of (2) is as follows. When the pressure acting on the outer surface of the B1 (B2) material is known to be p ⁽¹⁾ (p ⁽²⁾ ) At the time of temperature-> Is the material B1 (B2) corresponding to the pressure p ⁽¹⁾ (p ⁽²⁾ ) Is the highest temperature of (2); when the temperature is lower than +.>The B1 (B2) material does not crack or burst when the temperature is above this value, and cracking and bursting may occur. The pressure p ⁽¹⁾ (p ⁽²⁾ ) Only acts on the material matrix, and does not affect the fluid pressure in the gap communicated with the outside in the material. When the temperature is within the range satisfying the prescribed condition, if +.>And->And hold p ⁽¹⁾ 、p ⁽²⁾ 、T ⁽¹⁾ And T ⁽²⁾ Unchanged, there is still +. > And->The range satisfying the predetermined condition means that when the B1 (B2) material is within the temperature range, the strength of the material increases only with an increase in time, and the composition thereof is not degraded by pyrolysis. For example, the process of decomposing calcium hydroxide in cement-based materials to calcium oxide and water occurs mainly in the range of 400 ℃ to 550 ℃ (the temperature at which calcium hydroxide in cement-based materials starts to decompose is lower than the decomposition temperature of pure calcium hydroxide); while calcium hydroxide participates in the pozzolan reaction, the temperature of the various components involved in the reaction may be much lower than this temperature. The pozzolanic reaction increases the strength of the material and calcium hydroxide decomposition decreases the strength of the material. When the temperature is higher than 560 ℃, the hydrated calcium silicate starts to decompose, and the decomposition speed is increased along with the rise of the temperature. Calcium silicate hydrate is the most important component in cement-based materials, and is also the component with the greatest influence on strength, and the strength of the material is rapidly reduced after the calcium silicate hydrate is decomposed.

Preferably, the method comprises the steps of,

preferably T ⁽¹⁾ ＝T ⁽²⁾ 。

< TP procedure of type B3 (controlled discharge) >)

The type b 3 TP process has the following characteristics,

(a) In interval [ t ] _12,D2 ,t _12,E ]Start time t of (1) _12,D2 The materials B1 and B2 are solidified, the strength reaches a preset value, and the preset value is not 0;

ii) simultaneously satisfyAnd->

preferably, take

Preferably, T is taken ⁽¹⁾ ＝T ⁽²⁾ ；

Preferably, the temperature T ⁽¹⁾ Or/and T ⁽²⁾ Is higher than the critical temperature 374.3 ℃ of water and lower than the decomposition temperature of main components in the B1 and B2 materials; preferably, the main component is calcium silicate hydrate; optionally, the main component is calcium hydroxide.

Preferred protocol for the "type B1-type B3 TP procedure

For schemes b1, b2 and b 3 TP procedures, the following schemes are all preferred.

Preferably, the upper temperature limit of the TP process is below 250℃for water and the lower temperature limit is above the temperature at which ettringite begins to decompose (70 ℃).

Preferably, the upper temperature limit of the TP process is 300℃lower and the lower temperature limit is higher than the temperature at which ettringite begins to decompose (70 ℃). The technical effect of the temperature in this range is: when the temperature is lower than 300 ℃, the strength of the steel is not affected by the temperature.

Preferably, the upper temperature limit of the TP process is below the critical temperature of water (374.3 ℃) and the lower temperature limit is above 250 ℃. The technical effect of the temperature in this range is: in this temperature range, the saturated vapor pressure of water has a one-to-one correspondence with the pressure, which can be controlled by controlling the temperature. In addition, when the temperature reaches 250 ℃, the components capable of participating in the pozzolan reaction in the material are greatly increased, the reaction speed is greatly increased, and the silicon dioxide in the quartz powder can participate in the reaction, so that the strength of the cement-based material is greatly improved.

Preferably, during type B2 and type B3 TP, the upper temperature limit is below the decomposition temperature of the main components in the water B1 and B2 materials and the lower temperature limit is above the critical temperature of water (374 c). The technical effect of the temperature in this range is that the moisture is in a supercritical state, the pozzolan reaction speed of the material is greatly increased, the components capable of participating in the pozzolan reaction are also greatly increased, and the components capable of taking part in the pozzolan reaction can react as much as possible, so that the strength of the cement-based material is improved, and the time of thermal curing is reduced. In the process of type B2 and type B3 TP, the gas pressure in the cavity of the part A can be controlled within a certain range, and the part A can not explode due to the overhigh gas pressure in the cavity. In type B2 and type B3 TP processes, although the gas pressure in the closed voids of the B1 and B2 materials exceeds the critical pressure, in order to ensure that cracking or bursting does not occur, it is desirable that the a-part cavity surfaces provide a pressure that is much lower than the pressure in the closed voids.

Pretreatment of the second stage

When the first stage of the TP process is type a 1 or type a 2, the pressurizing means may be treated in the following manner before the second stage is started.

When the pressurizing means is a piston rod, the means for applying pressure remains until the second phase is completed if the means for applying pressure to the piston rod is able to withstand high temperatures.

When the pressurizing means is a piston rod, the piston rod is fixed to the part a, and the means for applying pressure to the piston rod is removed. The materials and devices used to secure the piston rod are resistant to high temperatures.

If the pressurizing method is to squeeze the B2 or/and B1 material into the part A enclosed cavity through the pipeline, and the pipeline close to the part A can resist high temperature, after the material is solidified, a section of pipeline connected to the part A is kept, and the port of the pipeline is sealed by the high temperature resistant material. Preferably the section of the pipe used near section a is a metal pipe capable of withstanding high temperatures, preferably the metal pipe is closed by welding to the pipe ends to prevent bursting of the cement-based material near the pipe inner ends. Preferably, the inner diameter of the metal pipeline is smaller than 15mm, and the left length of the metal pipeline is larger than 40cm, so that other treatment is not needed.

If the pressurizing device is an air bag, a liquid bag or a gas-liquid bag which is arranged in the cavity, fluid in the pressurizing device is discharged, the pressurizing device is filled with solidifiable material, and the end part of the pipeline is closed until the set strength of the material is reached after solidification, so that the second stage can not be started.

Heating method

The method of applying the TP procedure includes,

external heating method

The outer surface of the part A of the combined structure is contacted with high temperature, and heat is transferred from the part A to materials B1 and B2 in the cavity; in the process, the combined structure has a temperature gradient, and the temperature is high outside and low inside. And the temperature gradient is monitored in the heating process, so that the cracking of the B1 or/and B2 material caused by the overhigh gradient is avoided.

Internal heating method

A device which can release heat after being electrified, such as a metal resistance wire or a carbon fiber wire, is arranged in the cavity. The temperature gradient generated by the heating method is high and low, and the gradient is controlled within a certain range, so that cracking of B1 or/and B2 materials is avoided.

Internal and external combined heating method

In the process of heating the combined structure, an internal heating method and an external heating method are adopted in combination. And monitoring the temperature fields of the B1 and B2 materials in the heating process, and regulating and controlling the temperature and time of internal heating and external heating to ensure that the temperature fields meet the set requirements.

Material composition and microstructure

The B1/B2 material that has undergone the TP process has at least one of the following characteristics:

(2) The B1/B2 material is a cement-based material, and after the TP process above normal temperature is carried out, the free water content in the B1/B2 material is lower than that of the B1/B2 material which is not subjected to the process;

(3) The B1/B2 material is a cement-based material, and after the TP process higher than normal temperature is carried out, the calcium hydroxide content in the B1/B2 material is lower than that of the B1/B2 material which is not subjected to the process;

(4) The B1/B2 material is a cement-based material, and after the high-temperature TP process is carried out, the ettringite content in the B1/B2 material is lower than that of the B1/B2 material which is not subjected to the process;

(5) The B1/B2 material is a cement-based material, and after the high-temperature TP process is carried out, the pore diameter in the B1/B2 material is smaller than that of the B1/B2 material which does not pass through the process;

(6) The B1/B2 material is a cement-based material, and after the high-temperature TP process is carried out, components which are different from components which are not subjected to the process are grown in pores in the B1/B2 material;

(7) The B1/B2 material is a cement-based material, and when the high temperature re-experienced after a certain length of high-temperature TP process is lower than the highest temperature of the previous TP process, the speed of pozzolan reaction is lower than that of the B1/B2 material which does not experience the high temperature;

(9) The B1/B2 material is a cement-based material, and if the B1/B2 material is subjected to a high-temperature high-pressure TP process, the components and the void structure in the material can be subjected to the high-temperature characteristic and the high-pressure characteristic;

Structural form technical scheme

By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the single column can be manufactured, and the combined column can be manufactured by using the single column.

There are at least two schemes for applying the TP procedure to a single column in all combined columns: (1) applying a TP process to the single column prior to making the composite column; (2) After the combined column is manufactured, heating is carried out in the single column, and a TP process is applied, so that concrete wrapped on the outer side of the single column plays a role in heat preservation.

Single column

A column has only one part A surrounding a cavity, and the filling in the cavity comprises B1 and B2 materials.

Preferably, the single column may be used as a separate member; preferably, the single column is used as an element for making other components.

Combined column

At least one single column is included, and other parts for sharing load are also included. See fig. 24-28.

Reinforced concrete combined column with built-in single column

The outside of the single column is wrapped by concrete, the concrete is provided with reinforcing steel bars, and the concrete shares the load born by the column. Preferably, pegs are provided on the outside of the single column to enhance the connection of the steel fiber concrete to the outside surface of the single column. Referring to fig. 24, the composite column comprises a single column, wherein the material 212 of B1 and B2 is filled in the A part 1 of the single column, the concrete 5 is wrapped outside the single column, and the stirrups 6 and the longitudinal ribs 7 are arranged in the concrete.

Steel fiber concrete combined column with built-in single column

The outside of the single column is wrapped by steel fiber concrete, and the steel fibers share the load born by the column. Preferably, pegs are provided on the outside of the single column to enhance the connection of the steel fiber concrete to the outside surface of the single column. See fig. 24. The combined column comprises a single column, the A part 1 of the single column is filled with B1 and B2 materials 212, the outside of the single column is wrapped with concrete 5, and stirrups 6 and longitudinal ribs 7 are arranged in the concrete.

Reinforced concrete combined column containing multiple single columns

The single columns are placed in parallel, concrete is filled in the gaps, the outside of the single columns is wrapped by the concrete, and at least stirrups are arranged in the concrete. See fig. 25. The combined column comprises four single columns, the A part 1 of each single column is filled with B1 and B2 materials 212, the outside of each single column is wrapped with concrete 5, and stirrups 6 are arranged in the concrete.

Sleeve concrete combined column with built-in single column

A single column is surrounded by another tube, called an outer tube, and a settable material is filled between the outside of the single column and the inner wall of the outer tube. Preferably, the settable material is a cement-based material. See fig. 26. The combined column comprises a single column and an outer tube 8, wherein the A part 1 of each single column is filled with B1 and B2 materials 212, concrete 5 is filled between the outer surface of the single column and the inner surface of the outer tube, and a fixing device is arranged between the single column and the outer tube so as to maintain the relative position between the single column and the outer tube.

Steel tube concrete combined column with multiple built-in single columns

An outer tube is sleeved outside a plurality of single columns which are arranged in parallel. In the area surrounded by the inner wall of the outer tube, the area outside the area occupied by the single column is filled with a solidifiable material. In fig. 27 and 28, the composite column comprises four single columns and an outer tube 8, wherein the a part 1 of each single column is filled with the B1 and B2 materials 212, and the concrete 5 is filled between the outer surface of the single column and the inner surface of the outer tube. In fig. 27, stirrups are wound on the outer side of the single column, and the stirrups restrict the steel pipe from swelling outwards after being stressed; in addition, the stirrup also plays a role in fixing so as to maintain the relative positions of the four single columns. In fig. 28 a fixing means is provided between the single post and the outer tube in order to maintain the relative position between the two.

Lattice column

The lattice column is characterized by comprising a single column manufactured by the technical scheme of the invention.

Composite beam

A composite beam, characterized in that the composite beam comprises a single column made by the technical scheme of the invention, and preferably the single column of the invention is contained in a pressed part of the composite beam.

Examples

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples and drawings.

EXAMPLE 1I section (FIGS. 5 and 6)

The steel pipe cement mortar composite structure is shown in fig. 5 and 6 at a certain stage in the manufacturing process. The part A consists of a steel pipe 11, a lower plugging plate 12 and an upper plugging plate 13. A threaded circular hole 121 is provided in the central position of the lower closure plate 12 and a threaded circular hole is provided in the central position of the upper closure plate 13, which hole is connected to a construction pipe 51. When the construction is completed, the construction pipe 51 is to be removed or sawn.

The steel pipe 11 of the part A adopts Q420 steel, and the design value of the tensile strength is 380MPa when the wall thickness is less than or equal to 16 mm. When the temperature is not higher than 300 ℃, the strength of the steel is not reduced; when the temperature is 374 ℃, the design strength is 363MPa. The steel pipe 11 is a seamless steel pipe with an outer diameter of 245mm and a wall thickness of 12mm. The fluid pressure in the cavity that can be tolerated at both ends of part a is greater than that of the side wall.

The saturated vapor pressure was about 22MPa at 374 ℃.

An isolating device 3 is arranged in the cavity of the part A, the isolating device comprises a side wall, an upper end plate and a lower end plate, the lower end plate is sealed by the lower end plate, and a round hole 331 is reserved in the central area of the upper end plate. The thickness of the side wall of the isolation device is 1mm, the thickness of the upper end plate and the lower end plate is 2mm, and the material is A3 steel. A fixing device 41 is arranged between the isolation device and the side wall 11 of the part A, and is connected with the lower plugging plate 12 of the part A by a fixing device 42.

The material of the part B1 21 is ultra-high strength concrete, and is a mixture of coarse aggregate and active powder concrete. The material of the B2 part 22 is retarding mortar, and the B2 retarding mortar also has flowability after the volume shrinkage turning point of the B1 material ultra-high strength concrete appears.

B1 material is in a cavity inside the isolation device 3; the material B2 is positioned in the gap between the isolation device 3 and the part A; the inner wall of the part A is only contacted with the B2 and is not contacted with the B1 material.

Construction method

Construction method of isolation device of part A

(1) Welding the steel pipe 11 of the part A with the lower plugging plate 12;

(2) Installing the isolation device 3 inside the steel pipe;

(3) The upper plugging plate is connected to the upper end of the steel pipe. Can be connected by adopting a welding method; a flange plate can be arranged at the upper end of the steel pipe, and the upper plugging plate is connected to the flange plate.

Injection method of B1 and B2 materials

The construction tube 51 is first connected to the circular hole on the upper end portion 13 of a, and then the work of injecting the material is performed. In the injection process or after the injection is finished, the vibration exciter can be fixed on the side wall of the A, vibration is applied to the whole steel pipe, the materials B1 and B2 become compact, and air mixed in the materials is discharged.

Injection method

(1) Cement mortar (B1 material) is injected into the inner cavity 21 of the isolation device 3 through the construction pipe 51, and the injection hole 121 is kept unblocked during the injection so as to exclude air. When the B1 material is injected, the construction pipe 51 can be extended into the opening 311 of the isolation device; after the injection of B1 is completed, the construction pipe is lifted up again, so that the lower end of the construction pipe enters a gap between the isolation device and the inner wall of A. After the B1 injection is completed, the B1 material attached to the inner wall of the construction pipe 51 is cleaned.

(2) After B1 fills or nearly fills the internal cavity of the spacer 3, (cannot rise above the spacer 3), the gap between the spacer 3 and the a section is filled with retarder mortar (B2) until the material B2 approaches the position of filling the cavity of the construction pipe 51. If the previously filled B1 material does not fill the isolation device, B2 will fill the remainder thereof. The method of injecting B2 is to connect to the pouring hole 121 with a tube through which the retarding RPC (B2) is forced into the gap between the spacer 3 and the a part 1 and finally into the hole 52 of the construction tube. During the injection of B2, air is discharged from the construction pipe.

3. Time node determining method

After the ultra-high-strength concrete (B1 material) and the setting mortar (B2 material) are stirred, the indwelling sample is poured. After it begins to have intensity, the intensity is measured with a rebound instrument every time interval. The next time is recorded after the intensity reaches the required value,

the strength of each time is used for determining the ultra-high strength concrete

Temperature and pressure process control

After the injection of B1 and B2 is completed, the tube connected to the circular hole 121 at the lower end of the part A is removed, and the pouring hole 121 is sealed with a plug. The volume compensation device (pressurizing device) is connected to the construction pipe 51. Pressure is applied to the B2 material in the construction tube bore 52 over a designed time frame and a designed pressure frame.

(1) Determining a design value P of the hydrostatic pressure to be applied ₀

Determining the maximum value P of the hydrostatic pressure according to the maximum pressure in the cavity which part A can bear _M . In designing the end of section a, it is ensured that the end of section a can withstand a hydrostatic pressure greater than or equal to the side wall of the pipe. Calculating the maximum pressure P which can be born by the side wall of the part A according to a thin-wall cylinder formula _M . At 374℃ of

Hydrostatic pressure P applied to B2 material ₀ Taken as P ₀ =35 MPa, satisfy P ₀ ＜P _M 。

(2) Determining a time frame for volume compensation

The time of mixing cement and water in the B1 material is recorded as zero point t of the age of the cement _1,0 . Injection of B1 and B2 materials into the a-part cavity was completed before the B1 material reached 40 minutes of age.

Before the age of the B1 material reaches 50 minutes, the pressure is applied to the B2 material by the volume compensation device, and the time is t _12,S . The pressure was increased to 35MPa within 10 minutes, after which the pressure in the construction pipe hole 52 was maintained constant, maintaining a constant pressureEnd time t of (2) _12,E Time t, which is later than when the B2 material has a uniaxial compressive strength of 40MPa _2,2 。

TP procedure

Taking t _12,D1 ＝t _12,D2 ＝t _12,D ＝t _2,2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In time interval t _12,S ,t _12,D ]In the process, adopting a type A2 TP process; at [ t ] _12,D ,t _12,E ]In which the type b1 TP procedure is employed.

In time interval [ [ t ] _12,S ,t _12,D ]Within 98% of the time, the temperature of the B1 and B2 materials is maintained between 50 ℃ and 70 ℃, wherein t _2,2 -t _12,S =72 hours. At [ t ] _12,D ,t _12,E ]In the time range of 98% of the time, the temperature of the B1 and B2 materials is maintained between 350 ℃ and 370 ℃, wherein t _12,E -t _2,2 =8 to 10 hours.

When the ultra-high strength concrete test block is cured at 50-70 ℃ under the condition of no pressure, the strength is higher than that of the test block cured by the standard curing method.

5. Post-processing method of volume compensation device

After the B1 and B2 materials have sufficient strength, the volume compensation device is removed, and then the construction pipe is removed and post-treated. The method for removing the construction pipe and the post-treatment is at least three.

The first method is to saw the construction tube from the root of the construction tube together with the inner already hardened RPC.

Twisting the construction pipe by using a tool, twisting off the solidified B2 material in the pipe, and unloading the construction pipe; the pit left after the removal of the construction tube is then filled with an appropriate amount of settable material and the surface is ground flat.

The third method is identical to the first few steps of the second method, except that after the construction tube is removed, a threaded cylinder is substituted for the construction tube to be screwed into the round hole, and a portion of the settable material may be filled into the pit left in the construction tube before screwing.

Attempts have been proposed to saw or remove construction pipe over the 48-72 hour B2 material age range where the material strength is resistant to pressure imbalance from removal of the construction pipe.

Some of the volume compensation devices are filled with RPC and are discarded together after the RPC has solidified, which is a disposable consumable.

EXAMPLE 2 type II section (FIGS. 7, 8)

The nearly completed concrete filled steel tube composite structure is shown in fig. 7 and 8. The part A of the structure consists of a steel pipe 11, a lower plugging plate 12 and an upper plugging plate 13. A feeding round hole 131 is reserved at the eccentric position of the upper plugging plate 13 and is used for injecting B1 material; a piston hole is arranged in the center of the upper plugging plate, a pressurizing piston 6 is inserted into the hole, the surface of the pressurizing piston is smooth, and a sealing ring is arranged between the piston and the hole wall. The steel pipe is internally provided with an isolation device 3, the device is an iron pipe with distributed round holes on the surface, the diameter of the round holes is 5-7 mm, the outside of the iron pipe is wrapped with a metal net, the mesh is square, and the eye width can be selected between 0.5-2 mm. An iron pipe serving as an isolating device is fixed to the upper and lower plugging plates of the a portion.

The internal fluid pressure that part A can withstand was 55MPa, and the pressure applied to the B1 and B2 materials in the cavity was 50MPa.

B1 material is high-strength concrete containing coarse aggregate; b2 material is retarding reactive powder concrete, and the maximum grain diameter of quartz sand used is 0.635mm. The material B2 has flowability under 50MPa, and the time is at least 15 hours longer than the time when the compressive strength of the material B1 reaches 20MPa under the same pressure.

Before the piston 6 is placed, the B1 material is injected into the inside of the steel pipe through the feed circular hole 131, and vibration is applied to the steel pipe during or after the injection is completed. When the B1 material is filled, the feeding circular hole 131 is sealed with a plug. Subsequently, the B2 material is injected into the cavity 22 of the isolation device 3 through the piston circular hole by a thin tube, and the filling is stopped when the filling is nearly completed. Then, a sealing ring is placed in the piston bore, and the piston is inserted into the bore. When the piston 6 is pushed into the cavity of the A, the B2 material is extruded, and the B2 material flows out of the distribution holes of the iron pipe, so that pressure is applied to the B1 material. If too much B2 material flows out of the iron pipe holes, the metal mesh will be torn, which is allowed.

After mixing the cement with water (t _1,0 ) The B1, B2 materials are charged into the respective cavities within 35 minutes of then (t _12,s ) The pressure of the B2 material was applied to 50MPa within 15 minutes and then maintained. If the load applied to the outer end of the pressurizing piston 6 is constant, the compressive stress in the B2 material in a flowable state is also constant. The load applied to the outer end of the piston 6 is maintained constant until the strength of the B2 material satisfies the following requirement (t _2,2 ): when the load on the outer end of the piston is removed, the deformation and movement of the piston do not affect the long-term strength of the B1 and B2 materials in the cavity. At [ t ] _12,S ,t _12,E ]Within 98% of the time, the temperature of the B1 and B2 materials is maintained between 50 ℃ and 70 ℃, wherein t _12,E -t _2,2 The time period of time is =10 hours,

EXAMPLE 3 type II section (FIGS. 9, 10)

The steel pipe concrete composite structure is shown in fig. 9 and 10, and the part A consists of a steel pipe 11, a lower plugging plate 12 and an upper plugging plate 13. The cavity of the A part is provided with an isolating device which consists of corrugated iron plates 31 and 32, and the corrugated plates are fixed on the inner wall of the steel pipe. The corrugated plate surrounding area 22 is filled with material B2, the areas 211 and 212 between the steel pipe and the corrugated plate are filled with material B1, and the retarded friction reducing material is coated on all the areas contacted with the material B1 in the inner wall of the part A.

The maximum value of the fluid pressure in the cavity that part a can withstand is 55MPa, and after the B1 and B2 materials are filled into the cavity, a pressure of 50MPa is applied thereto.

The material B1 is active powder concrete, and the material B2 is retarding active powder concrete. The time for the B1 material to reach the shrinkage turning point is 20 hours under the action of a hydrostatic pressure of 50MPa at room temperature, and the flowable time length of the B2 material is more than 25 hours.

Filling the right cavity 211 and left cavity 212 with B1 material through holes 121 and 122, respectively, until filled; the area 22 surrounded by corrugated board is filled with B2 material through the construction tube hole 52 until the B2 material nearly fills the construction tube hole 52.

Filling the cavities of the steel pipes with the B1 and B2 materials was completed within 40 minutes after the cement was mixed with water. Subsequently (t) _12,S ) The pressure of the B2 material in the cavity is increased to 50MPa within 20 minutes; the pressure is then maintained constant until the B2 material loses flowability. Thereafter, the B2 material in the construction pipe hole is kept undisturbed, and when the B2 material has sufficient strength (t _2,2 ) The construction pipe 51 is sawn. The time standard for selecting the sawn construction pipe is that the pressure imbalance caused by the construction pipe is removed, and the long-term strength of B1 and B2 materials in the combined structure is not affected. At [ t ] _12,S ,t _12,E ]Within 98% of the time, the temperature of the B1 and B2 materials is maintained between 150 ℃ and 170 ℃, wherein t _12,E -t _2,2 =6 hours. This TP procedure is a type a 3 TP procedure plus a type b1 TP procedure.

EXAMPLE 4 type II section (FIGS. 11, 12)

The combined structure is shown in fig. 11 and 12, in which the rest is the same except that the isolation device is different from that in embodiment 3. The isolation device consists of a C-shaped corrugated plate 31 and an inverse C-shaped corrugated plate 32, and the corrugated plate is directly placed into a cavity of a steel pipe and is not connected with the steel pipe and the upper and lower plugging plates. Between the two corrugated plates, several point supports are placed so that a proper gap can be maintained between the two corrugated plates when the B1 material is injected into the areas 211 and 212.

Before filling the materials B1 and B2, the retarder antifriction material is smeared on the whole inner wall of the cavity of the part A.

The method for filling the B1 and B2 materials into the cavity is as follows: the B1 material is injected into region 211 and region 212 simultaneously, and the B2 material is injected into region 22 when the injection is to an appropriate height or fill. In order to prevent the B1 material from entering between the corrugated plate and the steel pipe immediately after the start of injection, the lateral end portions of the corrugated plate may be attached to the inner wall of the steel pipe with an adhesive tape or the like before the injection.

After filling of the B1, B2 materials is completed (this time is denoted as t _12,S ) The method of applying pressure to part B2 using an external volume compensation device was the same as in example 3. When the shrinkage turning point of the B1 material occurs, the single component of B1 The compressive strength of the shaft reaches 140MPa, and is recorded as t at the moment _1,2 . At t _1,2 At the moment, the B2 material is still in a flowable state; when t is reached _12,E At this time, the strength of the B2 material reaches 80% of the final strength [ t ] _12,S ,t _1,2 ]The temperature of the materials B1 and B2 is between 50 ℃ and 70 ℃; at [ t ] _1,2 ,t _12,D ]And [ t ] _12,D ,t _12,E ]In the range of 300-370 ℃ for the B1 and B2 materials, wherein t _12,E -t _1,2 =8 hours. At t _12,E At the moment, the strength of the B2 material reaches 100MPa, and heating is stopped at the moment, so that the structure is naturally cooled. This process is the type A4 TP process plus the type B1 TP process, where t _12,D1 ＝t _12,D2 ＝t _12,D >t _1,2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In time interval t _12,S ,t _12,D ]In the process, adopting a type A4 TP process; at [ t ] _12,D ,t _12,E ]In which the type b1 TP procedure is employed.

EXAMPLE 5-type I and III section (FIGS. 13, 14, 15)

The steel pipe concrete composite structure is shown in fig. 13, 14 and 15, and the part a consists of a steel pipe 11, a lower plugging plate 12 and an upper plugging plate 13. In the cavity of part a, an isolation device is mounted, which comprises a lower end plate 32, a thin-walled cylinder 31, an upper end plate 33, an inner thin-walled cylinder 34, and a backflow prevention cap 35. The function of backflow prevention is: during the injection of the B1 material, the B1 material in the region 21 is prevented from flowing upward; during the application of pressure to the B2 material in a flowable state, the B2 material in the inner thin-walled cylinder 34 is allowed to flow downward. Between the spacer and the part a there are fixing means 41 and 42. The upper blocking plate 13 of the a part is provided with a circular hole 131 opposite to the circular hole 331 of the upper end plate of the spacer. The center of the plugging plate 13 on the part A is provided with a round hole, a pressurizing piston 6 is inserted in the round hole, and a sealing ring is arranged between the piston and the wall of the round hole.

The material B1 is active powder concrete, and the material B2 is retarding active powder concrete. The B1 material is filled in region 21 and the B2 material is filled in regions 22 and 221.

The filling method of the B1 and B2 materials comprises the following steps.

(1) A supply tubule is inserted through the circular aperture 131 of the a section and the circular aperture 331 of the isolation device into the region 21, through which tubule the B1 material is injected until the region is filled or nearly filled. Care should be taken not to allow the B1 material to overflow out of the spacer circular hole 331. A gap is left between the feeding pipe and the round hole 331, and air can be discharged from the feeding pipe.

(2) The height of the pressurizing piston is adjusted so that it can close the central circular hole of the upper closure plate 13, but is not inserted into the thin-walled cylinder 34 in the spacer.

(3) The B2 material is injected from the lower circular hole 121 of a inward, and the upper circular hole 131 is opened for discharging air when the material is injected. After the B2 material fills all of the gap regions 22 and 221, the lower and upper circular holes 121 and 131 of a are plugged.

After filling is completed, a load is applied to the pressurizing piston until the pressure of the B2 material reaches 50MP, after which the load is kept constant. After the strength of the B2 material reaches the required value, the pressurizing piston is sawed from the root.

EXAMPLE 6-type III section (FIGS. 16, 17, 18)

The concrete filled steel tube composite structure is shown in fig. 16, 17 and 18, wherein the portion a comprises the steel tube 11, the lower stopper plate 12 and the upper stopper plate 13. The isolation device comprises an outer cylinder 31, a lower end plate 32 and an inner cylinder 34, and a support rod 412 is arranged between the inner cylinder 34 and the outer cylinder 31. Between the spacer and the a part there are provided fixing means 411 and 42. An eccentric circular hole 131 and a central circular hole are arranged in the upper plugging plate of the part A, and the pressurizing piston 6 can pass through the central circular hole and enter the hole of the inner cylinder 34 of the isolating device.

The material B1 is active powder concrete, and the material B2 is retarding active powder concrete. After filling, the B1 material is in the region 21 between the inner and outer cylinders of the spacer, and the B2 material is in the steel pipe inner region 221 of the a section, the inner region 222 of the lower closure plate 12, the inner region 223 of the upper closure plate 13, and the surrounding region 224 of the spacer inner cylinder 34.

The filling method of the B1 material is to fill the region 21 with the B1 material by passing a thin tube through the circular hole 131, and stop when the B1 material is filled to the upper edge of the inner and outer cylinders near the separator. The B2 material is filled by a thin tube passing through the pressurized piston bore and spacer inner barrel to the lower end region 222, and injecting the B2 material through the tube until all of the remaining area within the cavity of section a is filled.

The pressurizing piston is inserted and pushed downwards until the compressive stress of the B2 material reaches the design value. The load applied to the outer end of the piston is proportional to the compressive stress to which the B2 material is subjected.

EXAMPLE 7 (FIGS. 19, 20)

As shown in fig. 19 and 20, the larger area 21 in the cavity of the part a is filled with B1 material, the inner area 22 of the upper plugging plate is filled with B2 material, and no isolation device is arranged between the B1 and the B2 materials. And a retarding antifriction layer is stuck on all side walls in the cavity and the inner side of the lower plugging plate.

B1 is ultra-high strength concrete containing coarse aggregate, and B2 is retarding reactive powder concrete. At the same temperature and pressure, the B2 material has a flowable time at least 10 hours longer than the time the B1 material reaches the pinch break point.

After the filling of the material is completed, the external volume compensation device is connected with the central round hole of the upper plugging plate of A through the construction pipe 51, and the volume compensation device is filled with the B2 material. And applying pressure to the B2 material in the cavity of the part A, and maintaining the pressure to change within the upper and lower required limits after reaching the design value. After the shrinkage turning point of the B1 material appears, when the B2 material has flowability, the valve between the construction pipe and the pressure source is closed, and the pressure source is removed. After the strength of the B1, B2 materials is sufficiently high, the construction pipe 51 is sawn. The pressure source may be a pump or a device similar to a hydraulic jack, the B2 material being substituted for hydraulic oil, and the pressure being applied to the B2 material by pushing a piston.

EXAMPLE 8I section (FIGS. 21 and 22)

The steel pipe cement mortar composite structure is shown in fig. 21 and 22 at a certain stage in the manufacturing process.

The part A consists of a steel pipe 11, a lower plugging plate 12 and an upper plugging plate 13. A threaded round hole 121 is arranged at the center of the lower plugging plate 12; a piston hole is arranged in the center of the upper plugging plate 13, a pressurizing piston 51 is inserted into the hole, the surface of the pressurizing piston is smooth, and a sealing ring is arranged between the piston and the hole wall.

In the cavity of part a, an isolation device 3 is mounted, which is the same as in example 1.

During construction, the interior of the isolation device is filled with B1 material, B1 material being reactive powder concrete, through the piston holes of the upper end plate 13 and the holes 331 of the isolation device 3 until nearly filled. During filling, the B1 material cannot enter the area outside the isolation device.

After B1 is filled, the cavity of a is filled with B2 material through the central hole 121 of the lower end plate 12, and the B2 material is retarder reactive powder concrete, and the moment corresponding to the initial loss of fluidity is 10 hours later than the moment when the B1 material has a shrinkage turning point.

After filling with B2 material, the bore 121 is connected to the volume compensation device by a tube, which fills the tubing and the volume compensation device with B2 material in a flowable state. The volume compensation device is similar to an accumulator in that a balloon is provided, which can squeeze the flowable B2 material in the accumulator.

A pressurizing piston 51 is mounted in the central bore of the upper end plate 13, pushing the piston down through the B2 region inside the upper end plate and into the B1 material in the isolator. When the load applied to the piston reaches a design value, the piston is fixed and not allowed to move. In the process that the piston enters the B1 material area, the B1 material pushes the B2 material to flow, so that the B2 material extrudes an air bag in the energy accumulator, the air bag volume is contracted, and the pressure is slightly increased. After that, the position of the pressurizing piston 51 is kept unchanged, and when the materials B1 and B2 contract, the air bag expands, filling the volume change of the two materials.

EXAMPLE 9 IV section (FIG. 23)

The cross section of the combined structure is shown in fig. 23, and the larger area 21 and the smaller area 22 in the cavity of the part a 1 are filled with the materials B1 and B2 respectively, and the isolation device 3 is arranged between the materials B1 and B2. B1 is ultra-high strength concrete containing coarse aggregate, and B2 is retarding reactive powder concrete. At the same temperature and pressure, the point at which the flowability of the B2 material ends was 5 hours later than the point at which the B1 material shrink transition point occurs.

The pressurizing method comprises the following steps:

after filling of the B2 and B1 materials is completed, when both the B2 and B1 materials are in a flowable state, the application of pressure to the B2 material is started, and when the design value is reached, the maintenance pressure fluctuates within a required range, and the maintenance pressure end time is after the B2 material has a certain strength.

Of course, the combination structure of the invention is not limited to a cylindrical structure, and can be other shape structures, and the realization of the invention is not affected.

The present embodiment has been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The present invention should be clearly recognized by those skilled in the art in light of the above description.

It should be noted that, in the drawings or the text of the specification, implementations not shown or described are all forms known to those of ordinary skill in the art, and not described in detail.

It should also be noted that the present invention may provide examples of parameters that include particular values, but that these parameters need not be exactly equal to the corresponding values, but may approximate the corresponding values within acceptable error margins or design constraints. The directional terms mentioned in the embodiments are merely directions with reference to the drawings, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, unless specifically described or steps must occur in sequence, the order of the above steps is not limited to the list above and may be changed or rearranged according to the desired design. In addition, the above embodiments may be mixed with each other or other embodiments based on design and reliability, i.e. the technical features of the different embodiments may be freely combined to form more embodiments.

It should be noted that throughout the appended drawings, like elements are represented by like or similar reference numerals. In the following description, certain specific embodiments are set forth for purposes of illustration only and should not be construed as limiting the invention in any way, but as merely illustrative of embodiments of the invention. Conventional structures or constructions will be omitted when they may cause confusion in understanding the present invention. It should be noted that the shapes and dimensions of the various components in the figures do not reflect the actual sizes and proportions, but merely illustrate the contents of embodiments of the present invention.

While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other and further details of the invention may be had by the present invention, it should be understood that the foregoing description is merely illustrative of the present invention and that no limitations are intended to the scope of the invention, except insofar as modifications, equivalents, improvements or modifications are within the spirit and principles of the invention.

Claims

1. A composite structure comprising a portion a and a portion B; has the following characteristics:

the part A surrounds a cavity;

(II) the part B is filled in the cavity, and the part B comprises B ₁ Part and B ₂ A portion;

(III) the B ₁ 、B ₂ Part of the material has the following features I and II,

(1) The characteristic I is that,

the B is ₁ Part of material or/and said B ₂ Part of the material is subjected to a TP process with the following characteristics,

(i) At said B ₁ Part of the material undergoes a TP process comprising at least one period of time having characteristics wherein B is ₁ The temperature in part of the materials is higher than normal temperature, the B ₁ The pressure in part of the materials is higher than normal pressure;

or/and the combination of the two,

(ii) At said B ₂ Part of the material undergoes a TP process comprising at least one period of time having characteristics wherein B is ₂ The temperature in part of the materials is higher than normal temperature, the B ₂ The pressure in part of the materials is higher than normal pressure;

the TP process is short for the process of temperature-pressure action;

(2) The characteristic II is that,

the B is ₁ 、B ₂ The material has at least one of the following three characteristics of A, B and C,

(i) Is characterized in that the first component is that,

at said B ₁ And/or B ₂ A stage in which part of the material is in a flowable state, one or more time periods, or a full stage therein, said B ₁ And B ₂ Part of the materials are subjected to the action of pre-pressing stress;

and/or

At said B ₁ And/or B ₂ During solidification of a portion of the material, in one or more of the time periods, or the full phase, the B ₁ And B ₂ Part of the materials are subjected to the action of pre-compression stress or residual pre-compression stress;

(ii) The characteristic is that, the second part is that,

at said B ₁ And/or B ₂ A stage in which part of the material is in a flowable state, at least for a certain period of time therein, said B ₁ And B ₂ Part of the material is subjected to the action of pressure;

(iii) The characteristic of the utility model is that,

at said B ₁ Part of materials and B ₂ After all of the materials solidify, B ₁ And B ₂ Part of the material is subjected to the action of pre-compression stress or residual pre-compression stress;

the residual pre-stress means that in B ₁ And B ₂ After all the materials solidify, B ₁ And/or B ₂ The material also contracts, the original pre-compression stress in the material becomes smaller, and the pre-compression stress after the reduction is the residual pre-compression stress;

the B is ₁ Part of material, B ₂ Part of the materials are respectively abbreviated as B ₁ Materials, B ₂ A material.

2. The combination of claim 1, wherein B is ₁ And B ₂ Part of the material being a settable material, at least during the respective filling processAnd each in a flowable state for a period of time after filling is completed.

3. The combination according to claim 1 or 2, wherein from said B ₁ Part, B ₂ Part of the material starts to fill the cavity to the point B ₁ The strength of the part of the material reaches the final strength, and the B is obtained in the process for a period of time or a plurality of periods of time or the whole process ₂ Part of the material is more than the material B ₁ Part of the material has a relatively high flowability.

4. The combination according to claim 1 or 2, wherein B ₁ And B ₂ The material has at least one of the following properties:

(1) Said B in the cavity ₂ Part of the material begins to lose fluidity at a later time than said B in the cavity ₁ The moment when part of the material begins to lose fluidity;

(2) Said B in the cavity ₂ Part of the material begins to lose fluidity at a later time than said B in the cavity ₁ The moment when the shrinkage turning point of part of the material appears;

(3) Said B in air ₂ Part of the material begins to lose fluidity at a later time than B ₁ At some point after the occurrence of the shrink transition point of the partial material; the certain time after the occurrence of the contraction turning point is determined by a time ratio which is obtained by reaching the certain time B ₁ Age of material and when reaching shrinkage turning point B ₁ The ratio of the age of the materials; the ratio is equal to 1.25 or 1.5 or 1.75 or 2.0 or 2.5 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 8 or 10 or 15 or 20 or 30 or 60 or 100;

(4) Said B in the cavity ₂ Part of the material begins to lose fluidity at a later time than B ₁ The static strength of the partial material reaches a moment corresponding to an intermediate strength, wherein the intermediate strength is 10% or 20% or 30% or 40% or 50% or 60% or 70% or 80% or 90% or 95% or 98% of the final static strength.

5. The combination of claim 1, wherein B is ₁ The material is a solid block during filling into the part a surrounding cavity; the B is ₂ Part of the material is a settable material, in a flowable state during filling and for a period of time after filling is complete.

6. The composite structure of claim 5 wherein the solid block is a prefabricated ultra-high strength concrete or ultra-high strength reinforced concrete cylinder or a short stub.

7. The composite structure of claim 1, wherein,

(1) The B is ₁ The material is cement-based material or mixture of cement-based material and polymer material; or/and the combination of the two,

(2) The B is ₂ The material is one of cement-based material, polymer material, mixture of cement-based material and polymer material, mixture of solid particles and polymer material, mixture of solid powder and polymer material, and settable inorganic nonmetallic material.

8. The combination of claim 1, wherein B is ₂ Part is at least filled in the B ₁ In the space between part A and part B, and/or filled in the space between part A and part B ₁ Partially enclosed or partially enclosed space.

9. The composite structure of claim 1, wherein the composite structure has at least one of the following characteristics:

(1) The B is ₂ At least a portion of the boundary is in direct contact with the inner wall of section a,

(2) The B is ₁ At least a portion of the boundary is in direct contact with the inner wall of section a,

(3) The B is ₁ At least a part of the boundary of the part and the B ₂ At least a portion of the boundary of the portion is in direct contact,

(4) The B is ₁ At least a part of the boundary of the part and the B ₂ At least a portion of the boundary of the portions is separated by an isolation device.

10. The composite structure of claim 1, wherein,

the composite structure further comprises a thin layer of material, which encapsulates the B ₂ At least a part of the boundary of the part is separated from the inner wall of the part A, and/or the part B ₁ At least a portion of the boundary of the portion being spaced from the inner wall of the portion a; the sheet material includes an extension of a retarding friction reducing layer or layered spacer.

11. The composite structure of claim 1, wherein the a portion comprises a tube, and a lower and an upper closure plate connected to the tube.

12. The composite structure of claim 1, wherein the composite structure has an axis, and at least one of the cross-sections is one of a type I cross-section, a type II cross-section, a type III cross-section, and a type IV cross-section in a cross-section normal to the axis;

the I-shaped section is characterized in that, on the cross section, B ₁ The regions of material being singly-connected regions, all or most of the boundary lines of the regions also being B ₂ Inner boundary line of material region, or with B ₂ The inner boundary line is only separated by a layer of isolation device; in cross section, B ₂ Material region at B ₁ Part a and part b;

the type II cross section is characterized in that, on the cross section, B ₂ Part is a single communication area, B ₂ All or most of the boundary line of the region is B ₁ Inner boundary line of region, or with B ₁ The inner boundary line is only separated by a layer of isolation device; b (B) ₁ Material region at B ₂ Between the material region and the a region;

the III-type section is characterized in that: the core area on the section is a single communication area filled with B ₂₁ A material; on a cross section B ₂₁ All or most of the boundary of the material region is connected with B ₁ Some boundaries of the material region overlap or are separated from it by a layer of isolation means; b (B) ₁ All or most of the outer boundary of the material region is B ₂₂ Material region surrounds, B ₁ Material region and B ₂₂ The material areas are in direct contact, or an isolating device is arranged between the material areas; b (B) ₂₂ Material region at B ₁ Between the material region and the a part region;

the IV-shaped section is characterized in that the whole area in the cavity on the section is divided into B ₁ And B ₂ Two areas, both of which are respectively contacted with the inner wall of the A part or are separated from the A part by a thin layer of material, B ₁ And B ₂ The regions have a common boundary therebetween or are separated by an isolation device.

13. The combination of claim 12, wherein when the cross-section is a type III cross-section,

the B is ₂₁ Materials and B ₂₂ The materials are the same material, or/and, the B ₁ Partial region and said B ₂₂ The partial areas are all annular areas.

14. The composite structure of claim 1 wherein during TP that has been experienced by said part B material, at least one time period is included having the following characteristics:

(1) In this period B ₁ And B ₂ The material is subjected to a flowable state and preliminary solidification, and has lower strength, increased strength and reaches or exceeds respective preset strength; or,

in this process, B ₁ The material being always solid, B ₂ The material is subjected to a flowable state and preliminary solidification, and has lower strength, increased strength and preset strength;

(2) At an optional time during this period, the pressure exerted on the inner surface of part A is noted asB acting on the interior of the cavity ₁ And B ₂ The pressure on the material is denoted p ⁽¹⁾ And p ⁽²⁾ ，B ₁ And B ₂ The temperature of the material is respectively marked as T ⁽¹⁾ And T ⁽²⁾ The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the For the pressure p at said optional one moment and corresponding thereto ⁽¹⁾ And p ⁽²⁾ Require control B ₁ And B ₂ The temperature of the material satisfies the relationship,

the saidAt the moment, when B ₁ The material being subjected to a pressure p ⁽¹⁾ Time B ₁ A lower temperature limit allowed by the material; the saidAt the moment, when B ₁ The material being subjected to a pressure p ⁽¹⁾ Time B ₁ An upper temperature limit allowed by the material;

the upper and lower limits satisfy the following conditions,

(i) When B is ₁ If the material is in a flowable state, ifThen B is ₁ The material can react normally, and bubbles can not be generated in the material in the reaction process;

(ii) When B is ₁ When the material has solidified, if it isThen B is ₁ The material is not damaged or destroyed, and the long-term strength of the material is not reduced; alternatively, although damage occurs or the long-term strength is reduced, the degree of damage or the degree of reduction in the long-term strength is within an allowable range;

the saidAt the moment, when B ₂ The material being subjected to a pressure p ⁽²⁾ Time B ₂ A lower temperature limit allowed by the material; said->At the moment, when B ₂ The material being subjected to a pressure p ⁽²⁾ Time B ₂ An upper temperature limit allowed by the material;

the upper and lower limits satisfy the following conditions,

(i) When B is ₂ If the material is in a flowable state, ifThen B is ₂ The material can react normally, and bubbles can not be generated in the material in the reaction process;

(ii) When B is ₂ When the material has solidified, if it isThen B is ₂ The material is not damaged or destroyed, and the long-term strength of the material is not reduced; alternatively, although damage occurs or the long-term strength is reduced, the degree of damage or the degree of reduction in the long-term strength is within an allowable range.

15. The combination according to claim 14, wherein:

taking during the time periodAnd->Correspondingly, take->Said->To take->And->Maximum value of (2), said->To take->And->Is the minimum value of (a);

b in part A cavity ₁ And B ₂ The temperature T at any point on the material is controlled above a lower limit T _L Below the upper limit T _U I.e. satisfy T _L ＜T＜T _U 。

16. The composite structure of claim 1 wherein during TP that has been experienced by said part B material, at least one time period is included having the following characteristics:

(1) In this period of time, B ₁ And B ₂ The material is subjected to a flowable state and preliminary solidification, and has lower strength, increased strength and reaches or exceeds respective preset strength; or,

in this period of time, B ₁ The material being always solid, B ₂ The material is subjected to a flowable state and preliminary solidification, and has lower strength, increased strength and preset strength;

(2) In this period, the lower limit T of the temperature _L Taken as T _L Upper temperature limit T =0deg.C _U Taking as critical temperature T of water _U ＝374.3℃，B ₁ And B ₂ The actual temperature T experienced by the material is higher than the lower limit and lower than the upper limit, and cannot be reachedTo the upper and lower limit, i.e. T _L ＜T＜T _U ；

17. The combination of claim 1, wherein the time range corresponding to the TP procedure comprises a time interval [ t ] _12，S ，t _12，E ]In said time interval [ t ] _12，S ，t _12，E ]Includes a time interval t _12，S ，t _12，D1 ]At [ t ] _12，S， t _12，D1 ]The TP process in the method is one of a type 1 TP process, a type 2 TP process, a type 3 TP process, a type 4 TP process and a type 5 TP process;

the type a 1 TP process has the following characteristics,

(1) In interval [ t ] _12，S， t _12，D1 ]In, B ₁ And B ₂ The material is subjected to a flowable state and preliminary solidification, has lower strength, and has strength rise, reaches or exceeds respective preset strength, and the preset strength is not 0;

(2) In interval [ t ] _12，S， t _12，D1 ]In, B ₁ And B ₂ The temperature experienced by the material is normal temperature;

(3) In interval [ t ] _12，S ，t _12，D1 ]In, B in the cavity surrounding part A ₁ And B ₂ The influence of temperature is not considered when the material applies pressure;

(II) the type A2 TP procedure has the following characteristics,

(2) In interval [ t ] _12，S， t _12，D1 ]In, controlling the temperature T of the material to be lower than the upper limit T _U Above the lower limit T _L Between, the upper limit and the lower limit cannot be reached, i.e. T is satisfied _L ＜T＜T _U ；

Lower limit T of temperature _L The determination method of (1) is as follows: whether B ₁ And B ₂ Whether the material is in a flowable state or not, the lower temperature limit is B ₁ And B ₂ The highest freezing point value of water in the material; the material is in a flowable state at the local atmospheric pressure if the temperature is not below the freezing point;

upper limit T of temperature _U The determination method of (1) is as follows: whether B ₁ And B ₂ Whether the material is in a flowing state or not, the upper temperature limit is B ₁ And B ₂ A minimum boiling point value of water within the material; the boiling point corresponds to the condition that the material is in a flowable state at local atmospheric pressure;

(3) In interval [ t ] _12，S， t _12，D1 ]In, no matter B in the cavity enclosed by part A ₁ And B ₂ The material is in a flowable state or has lost fluidity, and the temperature influence is not considered when pressure is applied;

(III) the TP type A3 process has the following features,

(1) In interval [ t ] _12，S ，t _12，D1 ]In, B ₁ And B ₂ The material is subjected to a flowable state and preliminary solidification, has lower strength, and has strength rise, reaches or exceeds respective preset strength, and the preset strength is not 0;

(2) In interval [ t ] _12，S ，t _12，D1 ]In, controlling the temperature T of the material to be lower than the upper limit T _U Above the lower limit T _L Cannot reach the upper limit and the lower limit, i.e. satisfy T _L ＜T＜T _U ；

Lower limit T of temperature _L Is determined by whatever B ₁ And B ₂ The lower limit of the temperature is B when the material is in a flowable state ₁ And B ₂ A minimum boiling point value of water within the material; the boiling point corresponds to the condition that the material is in a flowable state at local atmospheric pressure;

(3) The pressure applied to the inner surface of part A is p ^A B acting on the interior of the cavity ₁ And B ₂ The pressure on the material being p ⁽¹⁾ And p ⁽²⁾ ，B ₁ And B ₂ The temperature of the materials is T respectively ⁽¹⁾ And T ⁽²⁾ The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In interval [ t ] _12，S ，t _12，D1 ]In, no matter B in the cavity enclosed by part A ₁ And B ₂ The material is in a flowable state or has lost flowability, and is applied to B ₁ And B ₂ Pressure p on the material ⁽¹⁾ And p ⁽²⁾ Are respectively higher than the respective lower pressure limitAnd->I.e. simultaneously satisfy->And->Therein, whereinAnd->Respectively the water corresponds to the temperature T ⁽¹⁾ And T ⁽²⁾ Is a saturated vapor pressure of (2);

(IV) the type A4 TP procedure has the following characteristics,

(1) Time interval t _12，S ，t _12，D1 ]Divided into [ t ] _12，S ，t _1，2 ]And [ t ] _1，2 ，t _12，D1 ]；

(i) Partition section t _12，S ，t _1，2 ]Is [ t ] _12，S ，t _1，1 ]And [ t ] _1，1 ，t _1，2 ]，

At [ t ] _12，S ，t _1，1 ]In, B ₁ And B ₂ The material has flowability; at [ t ] _1，1 ，t _1，2 ]In, B ₁ The material begins to gradually lose fluidity, B ₂ The material still has fluidity; at t=t _1，2 Time, B ₁ The material has certain strength;

(ii) In interval [ t ] _1，2 ，t _12，D1 ]Internally dividing interval t _1，2 ，t _2，1 ]And [ t ] _2，1 ，t _2，2 ]Wherein t is _2，2 ≤t _12，D1 ；

At [ t ] _1，2， t _2，1 ]In, B ₁ The strength of the material continues to rise, B ₂ The material still has fluidity; at [ t ] _2，1 ，t _2，2 ]In, B ₂ The material begins to gradually lose fluidity; arriving at t=t _2，2 Time, B ₁ And B ₂ The strength of the material reaches or exceeds a first preset value of the material; to t=t _12，D1 Time, B ₁ And B ₂ The strength of the material respectively reaches or exceeds a second preset value, the second preset value is larger than or equal to the first preset value, and the strength preset value is not 0;

(2) In time interval t _12，S ，t _1，2 ]In, B ₁ And B ₂ The temperature T of the material is controlled at an upper limit T _U1 And lower limit T _L1 Between, the upper limit and the lower limit cannot be reached, i.e. T is satisfied _L1 ＜T＜T _U1 ；

Lower limit T of temperature _L1 The determination method of (1) is as follows: whether B ₁ And B ₂ Whether the material is in a flowable state or not, the lower temperature limit is B ₁ And B ₂ The highest freezing point value of water in the material; the freezing point corresponds to a condition that the material is in a flowable state at the local atmospheric pressure if the temperature is not lower than the freezing point;

upper limit T of temperature _U1 The determination method of (1) is as follows: whether B ₁ And B ₂ Whether the material is flowable or not, the upper temperature limit is B ₁ And B ₂ A minimum boiling point value of water within the material;the boiling point corresponds to the condition that the material is in a flowable state at local atmospheric pressure;

(3) In time interval t _12，S ，t _1，2 ]In the process of determining the pressure range, the temperature influence is not considered;

(4) In time interval t _1，2 ，t _12，D1 ]In which the temperature T of the material is controlled at an upper limit T _U2 And lower limit T _L2 Between, but not reach the upper and lower limits, i.e. satisfy T _L2 ＜T＜T _U2 ；

Lower temperature limit T _L2 Is determined by taking the value in the interval t _12，S ，t _1，2 ]A maximum value of the actual temperature experienced by the inner material;

(5) In time interval t _1，2 ，t _12，D1 ]In, B ₂ The material is subjected to a pressure above a lower pressure limit, said lower pressure limit being B ₂ Temperature T of material corresponds to B ₂ Saturated vapor pressure of water in the material;

the TP process of type a 5 has the following characteristics,

Lower temperature limit T _L Taking the temperature to be 0 ℃;

(3) The pressure applied to the inner surface of part A is p ^A B acting on the interior of the cavity ₁ And B ₂ The pressure on the material being p ⁽¹⁾ And p ⁽²⁾ ，B ₁ And B ₂ MaterialThe temperatures of (2) are T respectively ⁽¹⁾ And T ⁽²⁾ The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In interval [ t ] _12，S ，t _12，D1 ]In, no matter B in the cavity enclosed by part A ₁ And B ₂ The material is in a flowable state or has lost fluidity and is applied to B ₁ And B ₂ Pressure p on the material ⁽¹⁾ And p ⁽²⁾ Are respectively higher than the respective lower pressure limitAnd->I.e. simultaneously satisfy->And->Therein, whereinAnd->Respectively the water corresponds to the temperature T ⁽¹⁾ And T ⁽²⁾ Is taken when the temperature is lower than 100 DEG CAtmospheric pressure;

the meaning of the (sixth) time symbol is as follows,

t _12，S -starting point of time of the applied TP process;

t _1，1 ——B ₁ the moment of end of the flowable state of the material;

t _1，2 ——B ₁ the preset value is not equal to 0 at the moment when the strength of the material reaches the preset value; t is t _1，2 ＞t _1，1 ；

t _12，D1 -the end time of the first phase of the artificially applied TP procedure; t is t _12，D1 ≥t _2，2 ；

t _2，1 ——B ₂ The moment when the flowable state of the material ends;

t _2，2 ——B ₂ the time when the strength of the material reaches the preset value; t is t _2，2 ＞t _2，1 ；

t _12，E -the end time of the artificial application TP process.

18. The combination of claim 17, wherein the at least one member comprises a plurality of members,

in the type A2 and type A4 TP processes, B ₁ And B ₂ The highest freezing point value of water in the material is taken as 0 ℃, B ₁ And B ₂ The lowest boiling point value of water in the material is taken as 100 ℃;

in the TP type A3 process, B ₁ And B ₂ The lowest boiling point value of water in the material was taken to be 100 ℃.

19. The combination of claim 17, wherein during said type a 3 and type a 5 TP processes, at time interval [ t ] _12，S ，t _12，D1 ]In the inner part of the inner part,

(1) Taking p ⁽¹⁾ ＝p ⁽²⁾ ＝p ^A ，Wherein->Equal to->And->Maximum value of (2);

or,

(2) Taking p ^A Greater than the critical pressure of water; the critical pressure is a pressure corresponding to the critical temperature 374.3 ℃ of water, and the critical pressure is 22.115MPa.

20. The combination of claim 1 or 17, wherein the time range corresponding to the TP procedure comprises a time interval [ t ] _12，S ，t _12，E ]In said time interval [ t ] _12，S ，t _12，E ]Includes a time interval t _12，D2 ，t _12，E ]The t is _12，D2 And t is as described _12，D1 There is a constraint relation t between _12，D2 ≥t _12，D1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the At [ t ] _12，D2 ，t _12，E ]The TP process in the method is one of a type B1 TP process, a type B2 TP process and a type B3 TP process;

the type b 1 TP process has the following characteristics:

(1) In interval [ t ] _12，D2 ，t _12，E ]Start time t of (1) _12，D2 ，B ₁ And B ₂ The material is solidified, and the respective strength reaches or exceeds the respective preset value which is not 0;

(2) The cavity surrounded by the part A is not provided with an exhaust channel, and the gas in the cavity is not discharged outwards;

(3) Upper temperature limit T in TP procedure _U The following constraints are satisfied: when B is ₁ And B ₂ The material temperature T of (2) is lower than or reaches the upper temperature limit T _U Gas pressure in the cavityLower than the compressive stress p applied to the inner wall of the cavity of part A ^A ；

Gas pressure in the cavityIs the pressure of the following gases: these gases are present in B ₁ And/or B ₂ Those in the material which communicate with the surface of the material, or are present in B ₁ And/or B ₂ Micro-depressions on the surface of the material, or present in B ₁ And/or B ₂ A void or gap of various dimensions between the material surface and the a-part cavity surface;

the type B2 TP process has the following characteristics:

(2) The cavity surrounded by the part A is provided with an exhaust channel, gas in the cavity can be exhausted to the outside, and the inner wall of the part A can still squeeze and restrict solid materials in the cavity;

(3) The pressure applied to the inner surface of part A is noted asB acting on the interior of the cavity ₁ And B ₂ The pressure on the material is denoted p ⁽¹⁾ And p ⁽²⁾ ，B ₁ And B ₂ The temperature of the material is respectively marked as T ⁽¹⁾ And T ⁽²⁾ The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Requirements for

i) At the same time satisfyAnd->Or/and the combination of the two,

ii) simultaneously satisfyAnd->

(III) the type B3 TP procedure has the following characteristics,

(a) In interval [ t ] _12，D2 ，t _12，E ]Start time t of (1) _12，D2 ，B ₁ And B ₂ The material is solidified, and the respective strength reaches or exceeds the respective preset value which is not 0;

(c) The pressure applied to the inner surface of part A is noted asB acting on the interior of the cavity ₁ And B ₂ The pressure on the material is denoted p ⁽¹⁾ And p ⁽²⁾ ，B ₁ And B ₂ The temperature of the material is respectively marked as T ⁽¹⁾ And T ⁽²⁾ The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Requirements for

i) At the same time satisfyAnd->Or,

ii) simultaneously satisfyAnd->

(IV) wherein,

(1) The saidThe meaning of (2) is as follows:

when B is _i Temperature T of material ⁽ⁱ⁾ When water vapor or other gas can be generated in the interior of the device,

a. if B is _i When the material is placed in an atmospheric environment, cracking or bursting can occur;

b. if pair B _i Any portion of the outer surface of the material is subjected to compressive stressThe material does not crack or burst;

for the above characteristicsA solid material that reaches a certain strength,is corresponding to temperature T ⁽ⁱ⁾ In the B way _i Minimal compressive stress where the material does not crack and does not burst;

(2) The saidThe meaning of (2) is as follows:

when it is known to act on B _i The pressure on the outer surface of the material being p ⁽ⁱ⁾ At the time of temperatureIs B _i The material corresponding to the pressure p ⁽ⁱ⁾ Is set to the maximum allowable temperature; when the temperature is lower than +.>Time B _i The material does not crack or burst when the temperature is higher than + ->Time B _i The material may crack or burst;

(3) The range of values of the angle sign i in the symbol is 1 and 2, when i=1, the symbolB _i 、p ⁽ⁱ⁾ And T ⁽ⁱ⁾ Represents in turnB ₁ 、p ⁽¹⁾ And T ⁽¹⁾ The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When i=2, the symbol +.>B _i 、p ⁽ⁱ⁾ And T ⁽ⁱ⁾ Represents>B ₂ 、p ⁽²⁾ And T ⁽²⁾ 。

21. The combination of claim 20, wherein the TP type b 1 process has the following characteristics:

The upper temperature limit of the TP process is lower than the critical temperature of water, and the critical temperature is 374.3 ℃; or,

the temperature of the TP process is not controlled by adopting a manual heating or cooling mode.

22. The combination of claim 20, wherein the upper temperature limit of the type B1 TP process is lower than water B ₁ And B ₂ Decomposition temperature of the main components in the material.

23. The composite structure of claim 22 wherein the temperature during TP type b 1 is below the decomposition temperature of calcium hydroxide and above the temperature at which ettringite begins to decompose.

24. The combination of claim 20, wherein the TP process type b 2 has the following features I or/and II:

(1) The characteristic I is that,

or/and the combination of the two,

T ⁽¹⁾ ＝T ⁽²⁾ the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Or/and the combination of the two,

the pressure of the gas on the surface of the cavity of the part A is 0;

(2) The characteristic II is that,

temperature T ⁽¹⁾ Or/and T ⁽²⁾ Above the critical temperature of water of 374.3 ℃ and below B ₁ And B ₂ Decomposition temperature of the main components in the material.

25. The combination of claim 24, wherein said T is ⁽¹⁾ Or/and T ⁽²⁾ A fraction lower than calcium hydroxideThe decomposition temperature is at or below the decomposition temperature of the calcium silicate hydrate.

26. The combination of claim 20, wherein the TP process type b 3 has the following features I or/and II:

(1) The characteristic I is that,

or/and the combination of the two,

T ⁽¹⁾ ＝T ⁽²⁾ ；

(2) The characteristic II is that,

27. The combination of claim 26, wherein said T is ⁽¹⁾ Or/and T ⁽²⁾ Below the decomposition temperature of calcium hydroxide, or below the decomposition temperature of calcium silicate hydrate.

28. The combination of claim 1, wherein the cavity enclosed in the portion a is provided with a gas discharge passage for discharging the gas in the cavity to the outside when subjected to the TP process at above normal temperature and above normal pressure.

29. The combination of claim 1, wherein the cavity enclosed in the portion a is provided with a gas discharge passage for discharging the gas in the cavity outwardly when subjected to the TP process at above normal temperature and above normal pressure; the air outlet is provided with an air pressure control device which keeps the air pressure in the cavity enclosed by the part A to change according to a preset rule.

30. The composite structure of claim 1, wherein a metallic resistance wire or carbon fiber wire heat releasing device is disposed within the cavity.

31. The composite structure of claim 1 wherein the material of part B has at least one of the following ten characteristics:

(1) The B is ₁ The material is a cement-based material, B after undergoing the TP procedure ₁ The strength of the material is higher than that of B without the process ₁ A material; or/and the combination of the two,

the B is ₂ The material is a cement-based material, B after undergoing the TP procedure ₂ The strength of the material is higher than that of B without the process ₂ A material;

(2) The B is ₁ The material is cement-based material, B after being subjected to TP process higher than normal temperature ₁ The free water content in the material is lower than that of B without this process ₁ A material; or/and the combination of the two,

the B is ₂ The material is cement-based material, B after being subjected to TP process higher than normal temperature ₂ The free water content in the material is lower than that of B without this process ₂ A material;

(3) The B is ₁ The material is cement-based material, B after being subjected to TP process higher than normal temperature ₁ The calcium hydroxide content in the material is lower than that of B without the process ₁ A material; or/and the combination of the two,

the B is ₂ The material is cement-based material, B after being subjected to TP process higher than normal temperature ₂ The calcium hydroxide content in the material is lower than that of B without the process ₂ A material;

(4) The B is ₁ The material is a cement-based material, B after being subjected to a high temperature TP process ₁ The ettringite content of the material is lower than that of B which has not been subjected to this process ₁ A material; or/and the combination of the two,

the B is ₂ The material is a cement-based material, B after being subjected to a high temperature TP process ₂ The ettringite content of the material is lower than that of B which has not been subjected to this process ₂ A material;

(5) The B is ₁ The material is a cement-based material, B after being subjected to a high temperature TP process ₁ The pore diameter in the material is smaller than that of the material which has not passedB of this procedure ₁ A material; or/and the combination of the two,

the B is ₂ The material is a cement-based material, B after being subjected to a high temperature TP process ₂ The pore diameter in the material is smaller than that of B without the process ₂ A material;

(6) The B is ₁ The material is a cement-based material, B after being subjected to a high temperature TP process ₁ The pores in the material grow out of composition that did not undergo the process; or/and the combination of the two,

the B is ₂ The material is a cement-based material, B after being subjected to a high temperature TP process ₂ The pores in the material grow out of composition that did not undergo the process;

(7) The B is ₁ The material is cement-based material, and when the high temperature re-experienced after a certain time period of high temperature TP process is lower than the highest temperature of the previous TP process, the pozzolan reaction occurs at a lower speed than B which is not subjected to high temperature ₁ A material; or/and the combination of the two,

the B is ₂ The material is cement-based material, and when the high temperature re-experienced after a certain time period of high temperature TP process is lower than the highest temperature of the previous TP process, the pozzolan reaction occurs at a lower speed than B which is not subjected to high temperature ₂ A material;

(8) The B is ₁ The material being a cement-based material, B if subjected to an overpressure in a flowable state and during setting ₁ The void fraction in the material is significantly lower than that of B which has not been subjected to overpressure ₁ A material; or/and the combination of the two,

the B is ₂ The material being a cement-based material, B if subjected to an overpressure in a flowable state and during setting ₂ The void fraction in the material is significantly lower than that of B which has not been subjected to overpressure ₂ A material;

(9) The B is ₁ The material being a cement-based material, if B ₁ When the material is subjected to a high-temperature high-pressure TP process, the components and pore structures in the material can be subjected to high temperature and pressure; or/and the combination of the two,

the B is ₂ The material being a cement base materialMaterials, if B ₂ When the material is subjected to a high-temperature high-pressure TP process, the components and pore structures in the material can be subjected to high temperature and pressure;

(10) The B is ₁ The material being a cement-based material, if B ₁ The material is subjected to pressure when subjected to high temperatures, and the maximum temperature that the material can withstand at this stage is higher than it would be without pressure; or/and the combination of the two,

the B is ₂ The material being a cement-based material, if B ₂ The highest temperature that the material can withstand at this stage is higher than it would be if it were subjected to pressure when subjected to high temperatures.

32. A multi-temperature maintenance manufacturing method of a combined structure comprises the following steps:

(1) Manufacturing a part A surrounding the cavity;

(2) Filling a material of part B into the cavity, the material of part B comprising B ₁ Part of materials and B ₂ A portion of the material;

(3) Pair B ₁ Part of material or/and B ₂ Applying a portion of the material to a TP process having a characteristic I and a characteristic II as follows;

(i) The characteristic I is a characteristic of the fact that,

a. the TP procedure includes at least one period of time during which B ₁ The temperature of part of the materials is higher than normal temperature, and the pressure is higher than one atmosphere; or/and the combination of the two,

b. the TP procedure includes at least one period of time during which B ₂ The temperature of part of the materials is higher than normal temperature, and the pressure is higher than one atmosphere;

the TP process is short for the process of temperature-pressure action;

(ii) The characteristic II is that,

the TP process or/and the effect produced by the TP process has at least one of the following three characteristics of A, B and C,

a. is characterized in that the first component is that,

And/or

b. the characteristic is that, the second part is that,

c. the characteristic of the utility model is that,

the B is ₁ Part of materials and B ₂ Part of the materials are respectively abbreviated as B ₁ Materials and B ₂ A material.

33. The method of claim 32, wherein B ₁ Part and B ₂ Part of the material is a solidifiable material and is in a flowable state during the filling process and for a period of time after the filling is completed; the material being in a flowable state is equivalent to the material having fluidity.

34. The method of claim 32, wherein B ₁ Part of the material is filledIs a solid block during the process; the B is ₂ Part of the material is a settable material, in a flowable state during filling and for a period of time after filling is complete; the material being in a flowable state is equivalent to the material having fluidity.

35. The method of claim 34, wherein the solid block is a prefabricated ultra-high strength concrete or ultra-high strength reinforced concrete cylinder or a short stub.

36. The method of claim 32, wherein the step of providing the first information comprises,

37. The method of claim 32, 33 or 36, wherein B ₁ Part, B ₂ Part of the material has at least one of the following characteristics:

(1) From said B ₁ Part, B ₂ Starting with partial filling into said cavity, to said B ₁ The strength of the part of the material reaches the final strength, and the B is obtained in the process for a period of time or a plurality of periods of time or the whole process ₂ Part of the material is more than the material B ₁ Part of the material has relatively high fluidity

(2) At said B ₁ Part, B ₂ After filling part of the material into the cavity, from the B ₁ Part of the material has static shear strength, B is as follows, until the static shear strength reaches an intermediate strength ₂ Part of the material is more than the material B ₁ Part of the material has relatively high fluidity; the intermediate strength is 10% or 20% or more of the final static strength30% or 40% or 50% or 60% or 70% or 80% or 90% or 95% or 98%;

(3) At said B ₁ Part, B ₂ After filling part of the material into the cavity, from B ₁ Part of the material just having static shear strength begins, at least in this process B, until the volume shrinkage turning point occurs ₂ Part material ratio B ₁ Part of the material has relatively high fluidity;

(4) At said B ₁ Part, B ₂ After filling part of the material into the cavity, from B ₁ Part of the material having static shear strength, at least during B, starting at a point in time after the occurrence of the volume contraction transition point ₂ Part material ratio B ₁ Part of the material has relatively high fluidity;

the time after the occurrence of the contraction turning point is determined by a time ratio of the time point of the B ₁ Age of part of material and B when reaching the volume shrinkage turning point ₁ The ratio of the age of the materials; the ratio is equal to 1.25 or 1.5 or 1.75 or 2.0 or 2.5 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 10 or 15 or 20 or 30 or 40 or 50 or 75 or 100.

38. The method of claim 33 or 36, wherein, in the step of adding B ₁ Part and B ₂ Part of the material is filled into the cavity, and B is provided ₁ Part and B ₂ A portion of the material; the material has at least one of the following characteristics:

(3) Said B in the cavity ₂ Part of the material begins to lose fluidity at a later time than B ₁ A time after the occurrence of the shrinkage turning point of the partial material; the contraction turning pointThe time after occurrence is determined by a time ratio of the time B ₁ Age of material and when reaching shrinkage turning point B ₁ The ratio of the age of the materials; the ratio is equal to 1.25 or 1.5 or 1.75 or 2.0 or 2.5 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 8 or 10 or 15 or 20 or 30 or 60 or 100;

39. The method of claim 33 or 34, wherein the fluidity has one of the following characteristics:

(1) If the material has fluidity at a certain moment, the material has no static shear strength or almost no static shear strength no matter whether the material is subjected to hydrostatic pressure; the fact that the material has little static shear strength means that the static shear strength at the moment is very small compared with the final static shear strength of the solidifiable material, which is only a few ten thousandth to a tenth of the final strength;

(2) If the material has fluidity at a certain moment, the material has no static uniaxial compressive strength or almost no static uniaxial compressive strength; the fact that the material has little static compressive strength means that the static compressive strength at the moment is very small, only a few ten thousandth to a tenth of the final strength, compared with the final static compressive strength of the settable material;

(3) If the material has fluidity at a certain moment, the material can continuously deform with time under the action of any small shearing force; the small shear force means that at the moment of applying the shear force, the shear force is only a few ten thousandth to a tenth of the ultimate static shear strength of the solidifiable material;

40. The method of claim 32 wherein the time range corresponding to the TP procedure comprises a time interval t _12，S ，t _12，E ]In time interval t _12，S ，t _12，E ]B in the cavity enclosed by the inner pair A ₁ And B ₂ The TP process of material application has the following characteristics,

(1) In this process B ₁ And B ₂ The material is subjected to a flowable state and preliminary solidification, and has lower strength, increased strength and reaches or exceeds respective preset strength; or,

(2) At an optional point in the process, the pressure exerted on the inner surface of part A is noted asB acting on the interior of the cavity ₁ And B ₂ The pressure on the material is denoted p ⁽¹⁾ And p ⁽²⁾ ，B ₁ And B ₂ The temperature of the material is respectively marked as T ⁽¹⁾ And T ⁽²⁾ The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The pressure p corresponding to said optional instant and to this instant ⁽¹⁾ And p ⁽²⁾ Requirement B ₁ And B ₂ The temperature of the material satisfies the relationship,

wherein,

the saidAt the moment, when B ₁ The material being subjected to a pressure p ⁽¹⁾ Time B ₁ A lower temperature limit allowed by the material; said->At the moment, when B ₁ The material being subjected to a pressure p ⁽¹⁾ Time B ₁ An upper temperature limit allowed by the material;

the upper and lower limits satisfy the following conditions,

the saidAt the moment, when B ₂ The material being subjected to a pressure p ⁽²⁾ Time B ₂ A lower temperature limit allowed by the material; the saidAt the moment, when B ₂ The material being subjected to a pressure p ⁽²⁾ Time B ₂ An upper temperature limit allowed by the material;

the upper and lower limits satisfy the following conditions,

41. The method of claim 40, wherein during time interval [ t ] _12，S ，t _12，E ]In the inner part of the inner part,

/>

42. The method of claim 32 wherein the time range corresponding to the TP procedure comprises a time interval t _12，S， t _12，E ]In time interval t _12，S ，t _12，E ]B in the cavity enclosed by the inner pair A ₁ And B ₂ The TP process of material application has the following characteristics,

(2) In the process, the lower temperature limit T _L Taken as T _L Upper temperature limit T =0deg.C _U Taking as critical temperature T of water _U ＝374.3℃，B ₁ And B ₂ The actual temperature T experienced by the material is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, and cannot reach both the upper and lower limits, i.e. T _L ＜T＜T _U ；

(3) For an optional moment in the process, the cavity surface of part a is subjected to a compressive stress p above the saturation vapor pressure of water corresponding to temperature T; and T is the highest temperature of the whole area on the temperature field in the cavity at the moment.

43. The method of claim 32 wherein the time range corresponding to the TP procedure comprises a time interval t _12，S ，t _12，E ]In said time interval [ t ] _12，S ，t _12，E ]Includes a time interval t _12，S ，t _12，D1 ]At [ t ] _12，S ，t _12，D1 ]The TP process in the method is one of a type 1 TP process, a type 2 TP process, a type 3 TP process, a type 4 TP process and a type 5 TP process;

the type a 1 TP process has the following characteristics,

(2) In interval [ t ] _12，S ，t _12，D1 ]In, B ₁ And B ₂ The temperature experienced by the material is normal temperature;

(II) the type A2 TP procedure has the following characteristics,

(2) In the interval[t _12，S ，t _12，D1 ]In, controlling the temperature T of the material to be lower than the upper limit T _U Above the lower limit T _L Between, the upper limit and the lower limit cannot be reached, i.e. T is satisfied _L ＜T＜T _U ；

Lower limit T of temperature _L The determination method of (1) is as follows: whether B ₁ And B ₂ Whether the material is in a flowable state or not, the lower temperature limit is B ₁ And B ₂ The highest freezing point value of water in the material; the freezing point corresponds to a condition that the material is in a flowable state at the local atmospheric pressure if the temperature is not lower than the freezing point;

upper limit T of temperature _U The determination method of (1) is as follows: whether B ₁ And B ₂ Whether the material is in a flowable state, the upper temperature limit is B ₁ And B ₂ A minimum boiling point value of water within the material; the boiling point corresponds to the condition that the material is in a flowable state at local atmospheric pressure;

(3) In interval [ t ] _12，S ，t _12，D1 ]In, no matter B in the cavity enclosed by part A ₁ And B ₂ The material is in a flowable state or has lost fluidity, and the temperature influence is not considered when pressure is applied;

(III) the TP type A3 process has the following features,

Lower limit T of temperature _L Is determined by whatever B ₁ And B ₂ The lower limit of the temperature is B when the material is in a flowable state ₁ And B ₂ A minimum boiling point value of water within the material; the boiling point corresponds to the following conditions, where the material isIn a flowable state, at local atmospheric pressure;

(IV) the type A4 TP procedure has the following characteristics,

(1) Time interval t _12，S ，t _12，D1 ]Is divided into [ t ] _12，S ，t ₁ ， ₂ ]And [ t ] _1，2 ，t _12，D1 ]，

(i) Subdividing interval t _12，S ，t _1，2 ]Is a region ofM [ t ] _12，S ，t _1，1 ]And [ t ] _1，1 ，t _1，2 ]，

At [ t ] _1，2 ，t _2，1 ]In, B ₁ The strength of the material continues to rise, B ₂ The material still has fluidity; at [ t ] _2，1 ，t _2，2 ]In, B ₂ The material begins to gradually lose fluidity; arriving at t=t _2，2 Time, B ₁ And B ₂ The strength of the material reaches or exceeds a first preset value of the material; to t=t _12，D1 Time, B ₁ And B ₂ The strength of the material respectively reaches or exceeds a second preset value, the second preset value is larger than or equal to the first preset value, and the strength preset value is not 0;

upper limit T of temperature _U1 The determination method of (1) is as follows: whether B ₁ And B ₂ MaterialIn a flowable state, the upper temperature limit is B ₁ And B ₂ A minimum boiling point value of water within the material; the boiling point corresponds to the condition that the material is in a flowable state at local atmospheric pressure;

the TP process of type a 5 has the following characteristics,

Lower temperature limit T _L Taking the temperature to be 0 ℃;

(3) The pressure applied to the inner surface of part A is p ^A B acting on the interior of the cavity ₁ And B ₂ The pressure on the material being p ⁽¹⁾ And p ⁽²⁾ ，B ₁ And B ₂ The temperature of the materials is T respectively ⁽¹⁾ And T ⁽²⁾ The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In interval [ t ] _12，S ，t _12，D1 ]In, no matter B in the cavity enclosed by part A ₁ And B ₂ The material is in a flowable state or has lost fluidity and is applied to B ₁ And B ₂ Pressure p on the material ⁽¹⁾ And p ⁽²⁾ Are respectively higher than the respective lower pressure limitAnd->I.e. simultaneously satisfy->And->Wherein->And->Respectively the water corresponds to the temperature T ⁽¹⁾ And T ⁽²⁾ Is a saturated vapor pressure of +.A +.when the temperature is below 100deg.C>Atmospheric pressure;

the meaning of the (sixth) time symbol is as follows,

t _12，s -starting point of time of the applied TP process;

t _1，1 ——B ₁ the moment of end of the flowable state of the material;

t _2，1 ——B ₂ The moment when the flowable state of the material ends;

t _12，E -the end time of the artificial application TP process.

44. The method of claim 43, wherein,

45. The method of claim 43, wherein during said type A3 and type A5 TP processes, there is a time interval [ t ] _12，S ，t _12，D1 ]In the inner part of the inner part,

(1) Taking outWherein->Equal to->And->Maximum value of (2);

or,

(2) Taking p ^A Greater than the critical pressure of water; the critical pressure is 3, which corresponds to the critical temperature of waterThe critical pressure was 22.115MPa at 74.3 ℃.

46. The method of claim 43, wherein during said type A4 TP, at least one of the following features:

(1) In time interval t _12，S ，t _1，2 ]In, B ₁ And B ₂ The temperature of the material is normal temperature;

(2) In time interval t _12，S ，t _1，2 ]In the method, the temperature is controlled without measures, the cement-based material is hydrated and releases heat, and the outer surface of the part A exchanges heat with the environment;

(3) In time interval t _12，S ，t _1，2 ]And (3) coating a heat insulation material on the outer surface of the part A.

47. The method of claim 32 or 43, wherein the corresponding time range of the TP procedure includes a time interval [ t ] _12，S ，t _12，E ]In said time interval [ t ] _12，S ，t _12，E ]Includes a time interval t _12，D2 ，t _12，E ]At [ t ] _12，D2 ，t _12，E ]The TP process in the method is one of a type B1 TP process, a type B2 TP process and a type B3 TP process; the t is _12，D2 And t is as described _12，D1 There is a constraint relation t between _12，D2 ≥t _12，D1 。

48. The method of claim 47, wherein the type b 1 TP process has the following characteristics:

Gas pressure in the cavityIs the pressure of the following gases: these gases are present in B ₁ And/or B ₂ Those in the material which communicate with the surface of the material, or are present in B ₁ And/or B ₂ Micro-depressions on the surface of the material, or present in B ₁ And/or B ₂ The material surface and the a-part cavity surface are within various dimensions of voids or gaps.

49. The method of claim 48, wherein the type B1 TP process has the following characteristics:

50. The method of claim 48, wherein the upper temperature limit of the type II TP process is less than B ₁ And B ₂ Decomposition temperature of the main components in the material.

51. The method of claim 50, wherein the temperature during the type B1 TP is below the decomposition temperature of calcium hydroxide and above the temperature at which ettringite begins to decompose.

52. The method of claim 47, wherein the type B2 TP process has the following characteristics:

i) At the same time satisfyAnd->Or/and the combination of the two,

ii) simultaneously satisfyAnd->

53. The method of claim 52, wherein, during said type-B2 TP,

taking outOr/and the combination of the two,

taking T ⁽¹⁾ ＝T ⁽²⁾ The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Or/and the combination of the two,

taking the pressure of the gas on the surface of the cavity of the part A as 0.

54. The method of claim 47, wherein the type B3 TP process is characterized by,

i) At the same time satisfyAnd->Or (F)>

ii) simultaneously satisfyAnd->

55. The method of claim 52 or 54, wherein during said type b 2 or type b 3 TP, saidThe meaning of (2) is as follows:

for solid materials with the above characteristics that reach a certain strength,is corresponding to temperature T ⁽ⁱ⁾ In the B way _i Minimal compressive stress where the material does not crack and does not burst;

wherein the range of values of the corner mark i in the symbol is 1 and 2, and when i=1, the symbolB _i And T ⁽ⁱ⁾ Represents>B ₁ And T ⁽¹⁾ The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When i=2, the symbol +.>B _i And T ⁽ⁱ⁾ Represents>B ₂ And T ⁽²⁾ 。

56. The method of claim 52 or 54, wherein during said type b 2 or type b 3 TP, saidThe meaning of (2) is as follows:

when it is known to act on B _i The pressure on the outer surface of the material being p ⁽ⁱ⁾ At the time of temperatureIs B _i The material corresponding to the pressure p ⁽ⁱ⁾ Is set to the maximum allowable temperature; when the temperature is lower than +.>Time B _i The material does not crack or burst when the temperature is higher than + - >Time B _i The material may crack or burst;

wherein the range of values of the corner mark i in the symbol is 1 and 2, and when i=1, the symbolB _i And p ⁽ⁱ⁾ Represents>B ₁ And p ⁽¹⁾ The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When i=2, the symbol +.>B _i And p ⁽ⁱ⁾ Represents>B ₂ And p ⁽²⁾ 。

57. The method of claim 54, wherein, during said type B3 TP,

taking outOr/and the combination of the two,

taking T ⁽¹⁾ ＝T ⁽²⁾ 。

58. The method of claim 52 or 54, wherein,

59. The method of claim 58, wherein said T is ⁽¹⁾ Or/and T ⁽²⁾ Below the decomposition temperature of calcium hydroxide, or below the decomposition temperature of calcium silicate hydrate.

60. The method of claim 32, wherein the end time of the TP procedure meets at least one of the following criteria:

(1)B ₁ or/and B ₂ The steam pressure in the material gradually decreases along with time and tends to be stable;

(2)B ₁ or/and B ₂ The steam pressure in the material gradually decreases along with time and tends to 0;

(3)B ₁ or/and B ₂ The steam pressure inside the material reduces the turning point;

(4) In the TP process, under the condition that the cavity A surrounds the cavity and does not discharge gas outside the cavity, the surface of the cavity is connected with the cavity B ₁ Or/and B ₂ The air pressure at the gaps, between the materials tends to be constant, or tends to be 0, or the vapor pressure decreases and turning points occur.

61. The method of claim 32, further comprising the step of positioning a heating device in the portion a enclosed cavity; the heating device is a device capable of releasing heat after being electrified by the metal resistance wire or the carbon fiber wire.

62. The method of claim 32, wherein the TP procedure is for the B ₁ And B ₂ The method of heating the material is one of an internal heating method, an external heating method and an internal and external combined heating method.

63. The method of claim 32 or 40 or 42 or 43 or 45 or 48 or 52 or 54 wherein said TP process and said B-part material have at least one of the following ten characteristics:

(1) The B is ₁ The material is a cement-based material, B after having undergone the TP procedure ₁ The strength of the material is higher than that of B without the process ₁ A material; or/and the combination of the two,

the B is ₂ The material is a cement-based material, B after having undergone the TP procedure ₂ The strength of the material is higher than that of B without the process ₂ A material;

(2) The B is ₁ The material is a cement-based material, and after the TP process above normal temperature is carried out, B ₁ The free water content in the material is lower than that of B without this process ₁ A material; or/and the combination of the two,

the B is ₂ The material is a cement-based material, and after the TP process above normal temperature is carried out, B ₂ The free water content in the material is lower than that of B without this process ₂ A material;

(5) The B is ₁ The material is a cement-based material, B after being subjected to a high temperature TP process ₁ The pore diameter in the material is smaller than that without the processB of (2) ₁ A material; or/and the combination of the two,

the B is ₂ The material being a cement-based material, e.g.Fruit B ₂ When the material is subjected to a high-temperature high-pressure TP process, the components and pore structures in the material can be subjected to high temperature and pressure;

64. The method of claim 32, wherein B is ₂ Partially fill in the B ₁ In the space between part a and part a; and/or, the B ₂ Partially filled in quilt B ₁ In a partially enclosed or partially enclosed space.

65. The method of manufacturing of claim 32, wherein the composite structure has at least one of the following characteristics:

66. The method of claim 32, wherein,

the composite structure further comprises a thin layer of material, which encapsulates the B ₂ At least a part of the boundary of the part is separated from the inner wall of the part A, and/orThe B is carried out ₁ At least a portion of the boundary of the portion being spaced from the inner wall of the portion a; the sheet material includes an extension of a retarding friction reducing layer or layered spacer.

67. The method of claim 32, 33 or 36, wherein, when B ₂ If the material has fluidity to the B ₂ Partial application of pressure, then the B ₂ Part of which transmits pressure to said B ₁ A portion; and/or, when B ₁ If the material has fluidity to the B ₁ When pressure is partially applied, the B ₁ Part of which transmits pressure to said B ₂ Part(s).

68. The method of claim 32, wherein the portion a of the composite structure is a cylindrical structure having an axial length greater than the distance between any two points in the cross-section of the cylindrical structure.

69. The method of claim 68, wherein the tubular structure is one of: a cylinder, a prismatic cylinder, a circular truncated cone, a prismatic truncated cone, and combinations thereof.

70. The method of claim 32, wherein the composite structure is a compression member, and the selection range includes a columnar structure with a linear axis and an arch structure with a curved axis.

71. The method of claim 32, wherein the composite structure is a polyhedron for assembling a complex-shaped structure.

72. The method of manufacturing of claim 32, wherein manufacturing the a portion surrounding the cavity comprises:

providing a pipe, a lower plugging plate and an upper plugging plate;

and connecting the lower plugging plate with the lower end of the pipe, and connecting the upper plugging plate with the upper end of the pipe, thereby completing the manufacture of the part A surrounding the cavity.

73. The method of claim 72, wherein prior to attaching the lower closure plate to the lower end of the tube and/or prior to attaching the upper closure plate to the upper end of the tube, further comprising: an isolation device is installed into the tube.

74. A method of making a composite structure according to claim 32 or 68 wherein the composite structure has an axis and wherein in a cross-section normal to the axis, at least one cross-section is one of four cross-sections: i-type section, II-type section, III-type section, IV-type section;

The III-type section is characterized in that: the core area on the section is a single communication area filled with B ₂₁ A material; on a cross section B ₂₁ All or most of the boundary of the material region is connected with B ₁ Some boundaries of the material region overlap or are separated from it by a layer of isolation means; b (B) ₁ All or most of the outer boundary of the material region is B ₂₂ Material region surrounds, B ₁ Material region and B ₂₂ The material areas are in direct contact, or an isolating device is arranged between the material areas; b (B) ₂₂ Material region at B ₁ Material regionThe part A is between the part A areas;

75. The method of claim 32, wherein, in the case of the B ₁ And/or B ₂ Before the partial material applies pressure, further comprising:

determining the relation of B ₂ And/or B ₁ A range of partial applied pressure; and

76. The method of claim 32, wherein, at B ₂ Directly extruding B in the cavity during a certain time period, or a certain time period or the whole process within the time range of the fluidity of part of the material ₂ Part of material, B ₂ The pressure of part of the material reaches the range of design requirements, the B ₂ Part of the material then transmits the pressure to B ₁ Part(s).

77. The method of claim 32, wherein, at B ₂ Maintaining the cavity B for a continuous period of time within a range where a portion of the material has fluidity ₂ The pressure of part of the materials is within a preset pressure range;

(1) The starting time of the successive time periods is in a time range of one of the following,

a. b in the cavity ₁ And B ₂ The material has fluidity in the time range;

b. at B ₁ After the material loses fluidity, B ₁ Before the shrinkage turning point of the material occurs;

(2) The end time of the successive time periods is in a time range of one of the following,

a.B ₁ after the material loses fluidity, B ₁ Before the shrinkage turning point of the material occurs;

b.B ₁ after the shrinkage turning point of the material appears, B ₂ Before the moment the flowability of the material is lost.

78. The method of claim 32, wherein, in the case of the B ₁ And/or B ₂ The method of applying pressure to the portion of material includes at least one of:

(1) Pressing B in the cavity by a piston ₁ Part and/or B ₂ Part of the material corresponding to the B ₁ And/or B ₂ Applying pressure to a portion of the material;

(2) With B being in communication with said cavity and filled with ₂ Piping of material to B in the cavity ₂ And/or B ₁ Part of the material used transmits pressure;

(3) With B being in communication with said cavity and filled with ₁ Piping of material to B in the cavity ₂ And/or B ₁ Part of the material transmits pressure;

(4) A built-in volume compensation device is arranged in the cavity, and the volume compensation device is utilized to compensate the B ₁ And/or B ₂ Pressure is applied in part.

79. The method of manufacturing of claim 32 or 78, wherein,

(1) When the piston is used to press B in the cavity ₁ Part and/or B ₂ Maintaining pressure applied to the outer end of the piston rod as part of the material until B ₂ The material has a predetermined strength; the predetermined strength is capable of resisting a change in stress due to removal of pressure at the outer end of the piston rod;

(2) When the pipeline is used for transmitting pressure, B in the pipeline is maintained ₂ Or B is a ₁ The pressure of the material being up to B ₂ Or B is a ₁ The material has a predetermined strength; the predetermined strength is resistant to the causeSawing the pipeline to generate stress variation; the pipeline is communicated with the cavity and is filled with B ₂ Or B is a ₁ A material;

(3) When the built-in volume compensation device is adopted for the B ₂ And/or B ₁ Maintaining the pressure of the medium in the built-in volume compensation means up to B when part of the material is pressurized ₂ And B ₁ The material has a predetermined strength that resists changes in stress due to the built-in volume compensation device not providing pressure.

80. The method of claim 32, wherein B in the cavity ₂ Part material ratio B ₁ For B in the cavity, the material has relatively high fluidity for a certain period of time, or for several periods of time, or for the whole process ₂ The material is extruded, and the extrusion device is used for increasing the extrusion force, maintaining the constant extrusion force or maintaining the extrusion force to change within a preset range.

81. A method of manufacturing as claimed in claim 32 wherein, after the composite structure is manufactured, certain parts thereof are removed for use as another component.

82. A composite column comprising a single column produced by the method of any one of claims 32 to 81 or belonging to the composite structure of any one of claims 1 to 31.

83. The composite column according to claim 82, wherein in the composite column, optionally one single column, the single column is subjected to one of the following TP procedures,

(2) After the combined column is manufactured, heating the combined column or heating a single column in the combined column;

(3) Subjecting a single column to the TP process prior to fabrication of the combined column; after the fabrication of the composite column is completed, the composite column is warmed up or the single column in the composite column is warmed up again.

84. The composite column of claim 82 or 83, wherein the composite column is one of:

(5) And a plurality of steel tube concrete combined columns with single columns are arranged in the steel tube concrete combined column.

85. A composite beam comprising a single column produced by the method of any one of claims 32 to 81 or belonging to the composite structure of any one of claims 1 to 31.

86. The composite beam of claim 85 wherein the single column is contained in a compression zone of the composite beam.

87. A lattice column, wherein the lattice column comprises a single column, the single column is manufactured by the method of any one of claims 32 to 81, or the single column belongs to the combined structure of any one of claims 1 to 31.