CN110299593B - Broadband miniaturization 180-degree coupler based on edge coupling structure - Google Patents
Broadband miniaturization 180-degree coupler based on edge coupling structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN110299593B CN110299593B CN201910476665.2A CN201910476665A CN110299593B CN 110299593 B CN110299593 B CN 110299593B CN 201910476665 A CN201910476665 A CN 201910476665A CN 110299593 B CN110299593 B CN 110299593B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a broadband miniaturized 180-degree coupler based on an edge coupling structure, which comprises 4 input/output ports, single-layer edge coupling lines arranged on the sides of the 4 input/output ports and two sections of cascaded ring topology structures, wherein the two sections of cascaded ring topology structures comprise two ring structures realized by bent microstrip lines and 4 protruding microstrip lines used for edge coupling with ports, the single-layer edge coupling lines and the protruding microstrip lines are positioned on the same layer, and each input/output port is staggered with the protruding microstrip lines through the corresponding single-layer edge coupling lines to realize single-layer edge coupling. The invention uses single layer side coupling line and impedance matching to increase the bandwidth at each input/output port, and realizes the whole miniaturization of the coupler by adopting a method of cascading a bending microstrip line and two sections of ring topology structures.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electronic devices, in particular to a broadband miniaturized 180-degree coupler based on an edge coupling structure.
Background
Fifth generation (5G) communications require transmission of broadband signals using frequencies below 6 GHz. Among the 5G new wireless communication technologies (NR) in the frequency range of 1(FR1), the most promising bands are N77(3.3-4.2GHz), N78(3.3-3.8GHz) and N79(4.4-5 GHz). Therefore, there is an increasing demand for components covering applications from 3.3 to 5 GHz. Research literature on 3.3-5GHz passive devices (filters or antennas) has been reported, but few have been reported on 180 ° couplers for frequencies of 3.3-5 GHz. A 180 ° coupler is used to split or combine the signals for the balanced mixer, balanced amplifier and antenna array feed network. It is well known that the 180 ° coupler, which is heavily used in transceivers, is one of the most challenging components in 5G communications. This is because conventional 180 ° couplers are relatively bandwidth limited and have 4 input/output ports, all with impedance matching requirements and phase requirements (0 ° or 180 °). Secondly, the conventional 180 ° coupler has a large area due to the transmission line rotation angle of 90 ° or 270 °, which is particularly serious in the low frequency band. Therefore, increasing bandwidth and shrinking size are the research hotspots for 5G N77, N78 and N79 band applications.
In the prior art, there are broadband compact 180 ° couplers using a novel CPW inverter, IEEE trans. micro. thermal tech, 2007, which increase bandwidth by using a 180 ° inverter, such as Mo T, Xue Q, Chan C h; page 161-167 at the 55 th stage; or increased bandwidth by a suspended line, e.g., Robert smolar, krzysztoff Wincza and slawmiri gruszzynski, large signal S parameter measurement of a suspended line broadband 180 ° coupler, in proc, 21 st international microwave conference, radar and wireless communication (MIKON), 2016; pages 1-3.
In the prior art, miniaturization is realized by adopting a slow-wave artificial transmission line, for example, Coromina, J., Selga, J., Vee lez, P., Bonache, J.and Marti i n, F, size reduction and harmonic suppression of a branch coupler are realized by adopting a capacitive load slow-wave transmission line, microwave and optical technology are communicated, and 2017 years are spent; page 59: 2822 and 2830; or the miniaturization is realized by substrate integrated waveguide, such as Hagag, Mohamed F., and Dimitrios Peroulis, a compact tunable filtering 180 degree coupler, InProc.IEEE/MTT-S International microwave workshop, 2018; page 1118-.
However, the increased bandwidth and size miniaturization of these methods require the passage of transitions, defective ground structures, bond wires or metal strips, resulting in complex manufacturing processes and low production yields. This is not stable for tolerance sensitive 5G device production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and provides a broadband miniaturized 180-degree coupler based on an edge coupling structure, wherein the bandwidth is increased by using a single-layer edge coupling line and impedance matching at each input/output port, and the overall miniaturization of the coupler is realized by adopting a method of cascading a curved microstrip line and a two-section ring topology structure.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a miniaturized 180-degree broadband coupler based on an edge coupling structure comprises 4 input/output ports, single-layer edge coupling lines arranged on the sides of the 4 input/output ports and two sections of cascaded ring topology structures, wherein the two sections of cascaded ring topology structures comprise two ring structures realized by bent microstrip lines and 4 protruding microstrip lines, the single-layer edge coupling lines and the protruding microstrip lines are located on the same layer, and each input/output port is crossed with the protruding microstrip lines through the corresponding single-layer edge coupling lines to realize single-layer edge coupling.
Preferably, the length of the single-layer side coupling line is lambdag/4, wherein λgIs the waveguide wavelength.
Preferably, the two-stage cascaded ring topology comprises 4 λgHorizontal line of length 4 and 3 lambdagVertical line of length/2.
Preferably, the edge-end coupling strength of each input/output port is controlled by the overlapping area of the bent microstrip line at each input/output port, wherein the stronger the coupling effect of the edge end, the wider the bandwidth characteristic.
Specifically, the edge-end coupling strength of each input/output port is controlled by the intersection region of the protruding microstrip line and the edge-coupled line of the corresponding port.
Preferably, each of the two loops is provided with a bend to reduce the length.
Preferably, the 4 input/output ports are arranged on the upper side of the same layer of the PCB, and the two cascaded ring topology structures are arranged on the lower side of the same layer of the PCB.
Preferably, the overall dimensions of the coupler are 36 x 20 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention discloses a 3-5 GHz-coverage edge-coupled-structure-based broadband miniaturized 180-degree coupler, wherein the broadband characteristic is obtained by adopting an edge coupled line and impedance matching at each input/output port, and the overall miniaturization of the coupler is realized by adopting a method of cascading a bent microstrip line and two sections of ring topology structures.
(2) The coupler provided by the invention can enable the relative bandwidth to reach 50%, and the size of the coupler is reduced by 60% compared with that of a traditional 180-degree coupler, and meanwhile, good in-phase and anti-phase characteristics can be obtained.
(3) Compared with other types of 180-degree couplers, the coupler circuit provided by the invention adopts the traditional Printed Circuit Board (PCB) process, is easier to manufacture and is suitable for mass production.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a 180 ° coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a 180 ° coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an edge-coupled line for analyzing an input impedance viewed from the port 3 to a signal transmitting end according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view with dimensional parameter definition according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an S parameter simulation result according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating simulation results of the output amplitude difference of the 180 ° coupler according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating a phase difference simulation result of a 180 ° coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a broadband miniaturized 180-degree coupler based on an edge coupling structure, which comprises 4 input/output ports, single-layer edge coupling lines arranged on the side of the 4 input/output ports and two sections of cascaded ring topology structures, wherein the two sections of cascaded ring topology structures comprise two ring structures realized by bent microstrip lines and 4 protruding microstrip lines for coupling with ports, the single-layer edge coupling lines and the protruding microstrip lines are positioned on the same layer, and each input/output port is staggered with the protruding microstrip lines through the corresponding single-layer edge coupling lines to realize single-layer edge coupling. The invention uses single layer side coupling line and two sections of cascade ring topology structure to enlarge the bandwidth at each input/output port, and realizes the miniaturization of two sections of ring topology structure by bending microstrip line.
As shown in fig. 1, the coupler has port 1, port 2, port 3 and port 4. In order to realize broadband characteristic, a section with length of lambda is used at each input/output portgAnd a/4 single-layer open-circuit edge coupling line, and connecting each input/output port to the cascaded two-section topological structure through the single-layer open-circuit edge coupling line. Wherein the impedances of the ports 1 to 4 are all Z0The impedance of the single-layer open-circuit edge coupling line arranged at each port is Z1. The two-segment ring topology of the bottom comprises 4 lambdagHorizontal line of length 4 and 3 lambdagVertical line of length/2. Wherein, in the ring structure on the left side of FIG. 1, the impedances of two horizontal lines are both Z2. In the ring structure on the right side of fig. 1, the impedances of both horizontal lines are Z3. Impedance of 3 vertical lines is Z in order4、Z5、Z6. In fig. 1, the dashed-line frame region of each port represents an overlapping region of a single-layer open-circuit edge-coupled line and a meandering microstrip line provided for each port (i.e., an interleaved region of a single-layer open-circuit edge-coupled line and a corresponding protruding microstrip line provided for each port). Wherein the more overlapping areas, the stronger the coupling effect, and the stronger the coupling effect, the wider the bandwidth is facilitated.
As shown in fig. 2, the ports 1, 2, 3, and 4 are installed on the upper side of the same layer of the PCB, and the two-stage cascaded ring structure is installed on the lower side of the same layer of the PCB. The connection between the upper 4 input/output ports and the lower two-segment cascade ring structure is realized by edge coupling lines. The edge-end coupling strength is controlled by the overlapping area of the bent microstrip lines at each input/output port. The stronger the coupling effect, the wider the bandwidth characteristic. The 4 protruding microstrip lines and the two annular structures realized by the bent microstrip lines are in different layers, and the 4 protruding microstrip lines protrude upwards and are in the same layer with the corresponding 4 input/output ports, namely in the same layer with the corresponding single-layer side coupling lines.
As shown in fig. 3, in order to match the impedance of each input/output port, the input impedance of the single-layer open edge-coupled line viewed from the port 3 toward the signal transmission end is analyzed. In FIG. 3, the length of the single-layer open-circuited edge-coupled line is λg/4, impedance matrix of single-layer open edge coupled line is
Wherein, V1And V3Representing the voltages of port 1 and port 3, respectively, Z0eRepresenting the even mode impedance, Z0oRepresenting the odd mode impedance and theta the electrical length of the circuit. The input impedance can be obtained by the following formula
By solving (1) and (2), the input impedance and the edge-coupled line impedance are impedance-matched, so that the bandwidth is widened.
Z is obtained by calculation through solving (1)i(i ═ 1, 2.. 6) are: z1＝60Ω；Z2＝49.5Ω；Z3＝35.3Ω；Z4＝63.8Ω；Z5＝16.2Ω；Z6The requirement of N77(3.3-4.2GHz), N78(3.3-3.8GHz) and N79(4.4-5GHz) frequency bands in 5G, namely the requirement of 3-5GHz, is met by 62 omega. ZiThe calculation results of (a) are shown in table 1.
In particular, in the embodiment of the invention, because the mode of bending the microstrip line is adopted, the lambda in the two-section annular structuregLine of length/4 and λgWires of length/2 are also miniaturized. Each line in the two ring structures is designed with a turn to shorten the length, thereby reducing the physical size of the coupler. As shown in figure 4 of the drawings,the coupler was made of 0.508mm thick RO4003C board manufactured by Rogers corporation, having a dielectric constant of 3.48 and a loss tangent of 0.0027. Here, the final optimum size parameters of the coupler are shown in table 1. In Table 1, wi(i ═ 1, 2., 6) denotes a line width of the edge-coupled line, Lc denotes a length of the edge-coupled line of the input/output port, λ g denotes a waveguide wavelength, and S denotes a distance from the input/output port to the impedance of the edge-coupled line, which is a horizontal distance of a single layer.
| Impedance (L) | z1 | z2 | z3 | z4 | z5 | z6 | |||
| Unit (omega) | 60 | 49.5 | 35.3 | 63.8 | 16.2 | 62 | |||
| Size of | w1 | w2 | w3 | w4 | w5 | w6 | Lc | λg | S |
| Unit (mm) | 1.4 | 1.1 | 1.9 | 0.75 | 5.2 | 0.79 | 15 | 59.8 | 0.08 |
TABLE 1
Electromagnetic (EM) optimization coupler provided by the embodiments of the present invention is emulated using AXIEM softwareAnd (5) true verification. The simulation results of the S-parameter simulation according to the embodiment of the present invention are obtained, as shown in fig. 5, the operating frequency defined by 3dB is 3-5GHz, i.e., 2GHz bandwidth or 50% relative bandwidth, and the maximum amplitude fluctuation is less than 0.7 dB. In the range of 3-5GHz, S obtained by simulation11、S21、S31And 541Are respectively superior to-15, -3.4 and-32 dB. The output amplitude difference simulation result of the 180 ° coupler according to the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 6, shows that the in-band output amplitude difference of the simulation is less than 0.7 dB. The phase difference simulation result of the 180-degree coupler according to the embodiment of the invention is shown in fig. 7, the phase change is within a range of +/-6 degrees, and the 180-degree coupler has good in-phase and anti-phase characteristics.
The overall size of the proposed 180 ° coupler is only 36 × 20mm, which is a reduction of about 60% compared to a two-section coupler without the use of curved wires. The invention discloses a broadband miniaturized 180-degree coupler suitable for 5G application occasions, and the working frequency covers 3-5 GHz. A single-layer side coupling line and a two-section cascade annular topological structure are used at each input/output port to enable the bandwidth to be increased, and a method of bending a microstrip line is adopted to achieve miniaturization of the two-section annular structure. The coupler provided by the invention can enable the relative bandwidth to reach 50%, and the size of the coupler is reduced by 60% compared with that of a traditional 180-degree coupler, and meanwhile, good in-phase and anti-phase characteristics can be obtained. Compared with other types of 180-degree couplers, the coupler circuit provided by the invention adopts the traditional Printed Circuit Board (PCB) process, is easier to manufacture and is suitable for mass production.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. The edge-coupled-structure-based broadband miniaturized 180-degree coupler is characterized by comprising 4 input/output ports, single-layer edge coupled lines arranged on the sides of the 4 input/output ports and two sections of cascaded ring topological structures, wherein the two sections of cascaded ring topological structures comprise two ring structures realized by bent microstrip lines and 4 protruding microstrip lines for edge coupling with the ports, the single-layer edge coupled lines and the protruding microstrip lines are positioned on the same layer, and each input/output port is staggered with the protruding microstrip lines through the corresponding single-layer edge coupled lines to realize single-layer edge coupling; the 4 protruding microstrip lines and the two annular structures realized by the bent microstrip lines are in different layers, and the 4 protruding microstrip lines protrude upwards and are in the same layer with the corresponding 4 input/output ports; the two-stage cascaded ring topology structure comprises 4 horizontal lines with the length of lambda g/4 and 3 vertical lines with the length of lambda g/2; the length of the single-layer side coupling line is lambda g/4, wherein lambda g is the waveguide wavelength; the coupler has port 1, port 2, port 3 and port 4, the ports 2, 3 and 4 being located on the same side, the port 4 being located between the ports 2 and 3 and at the midpoint of the lambdag/2 length vertical line.
2. The edge-coupled structure-based broadband miniaturized 180 ° coupler according to claim 1, wherein the edge-end coupling strength of each input/output port is controlled by the size of the overlapping area of the bent microstrip line at each input/output port, wherein the stronger the edge-end coupling effect, the wider the bandwidth characteristic.
3. A broadband miniaturized 180 ° coupler based on an edge-coupled structure as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that each line of the two ring structures is provided with a turn to shorten the length.
4. The broadband miniaturized 180 ° coupler based on the edge-coupled structure of claim 1, wherein the 4 input/output ports are disposed on the upper side of the same layer of the PCB, and the two cascaded ring topology is disposed on the lower side of the same layer of the PCB.
5. A broadband miniaturized 180 ° coupler based on an edge-coupled structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the overall dimensions of the coupler are 36 x 20 mm.
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| CN112436281B (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-05-04 | 成都雷电微力科技股份有限公司 | Array antenna and self-calibration network structure |
| CN113451727A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-09-28 | 北京邮电大学 | Millimeter wave ring coupler based on multilayer packaging integrated substrate gap waveguide |
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| KR20120085458A (en) * | 2011-01-24 | 2012-08-01 | 경희대학교 산학협력단 | Planar ultra wideband 3dB branch line coupler using open coupled line |
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