CN110296837A - A kind of sliding bearing load measurement method based on bearing shell deformation - Google Patents
A kind of sliding bearing load measurement method based on bearing shell deformation Download PDFInfo
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- CN110296837A CN110296837A CN201810247637.9A CN201810247637A CN110296837A CN 110296837 A CN110296837 A CN 110296837A CN 201810247637 A CN201810247637 A CN 201810247637A CN 110296837 A CN110296837 A CN 110296837A
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- bearing
- bearing shell
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- load
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/04—Bearings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method by measuring bearing shell deformation measurement bearing load, it calculates the load born under sliding bearing actual installation state by the deformation of test bearing shell.There is test result confidence level with higher, measurement result also to have high accuracy, the workload of required measurement small compared with prior art and be adapted to the load test of most of sliding bearing for sliding bearing load measurement method provided by the invention based on bearing shell deformation, there is higher promotion prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of bearing load measurement methods, in particular to a kind of to be deformed based on bearing shell to test sliding bearing
The method of load, for testing the load born under all kinds of rotating machinery sliding bearing actual installation states, to assess shafting
Centering quality, bearing shell installation quality and safe operating life provide help.
Background technique
In modern industry, bearing is the important composition component of all kinds of rotating machineries, for the safe and stable operation of unit
It is most important.Numerous studies and practice have shown that, the load that bearing is born directly affects its working condition.Loading ability of bearing is overweight,
It can cause the failures such as Wa Wengao, coal fragmentation, stone roller watt；Loading ability of bearing kicks the beam, and is easy to appear the event such as oil whirl and oil whip
Barrier.Both of these case can all cause the vibration of rotating machinery shafting to increase, and influence unit safety operation.Therefore, the survey of bearing load
Examination, which calculates, just seems particularly important.
Currently, the common method for measuring bearing load have it is following several: (1) push up act method: turning near bearing to be measured
Jack is installed immediately below axis, dial gauge is installed above shaft, curve is lifted by top to calculate bearing load.In order to be capable of measuring standard
Really, which needs to jack up axis into a distance, i.e., by bearing " support " sky.But due to the usual very little in bearing clearance, Shi Rong is lifted on top
Easily top brass is encountered, to be caused measurement error to increase from upper watt additional counter-force by one.And this method institute
Need workload very big, practicability is poor.(2) oil pressure method: oil pressure sensor is installed in bearing bottom, by actual measurement bearing film pressure
It is counter to push away load.The accuracy of this method depends on accuracy and oil film pressure point position of computation model etc., influence factor
Many with uncertainty, test error is larger.(3) force snesor test bearing load dynamometry: is installed in bearing block bottom.Specially
Benefit number discloses a kind of load sensor for 96236141.0 utility model, it is dedicated in tilting-pad bearing load test mistake
Cheng Zhong.Due to needing to replace cushion block between bearing shell and bearing block with the load sensor, to its machining accuracy and wear-resisting
Property has very high requirement.Not only application field is restricted this method, but also can be brought negatively to the safe and stable operation of bearing shell
It influences.(4) Strain Method: bearing load is calculated by measuring the bending strain in section.Publication No. is the special of CN 102323058
Benefit discloses a kind of method for identifying bearing load by measuring the strain signal at shaft different cross section.This method needs
A strain measuring point is arranged between every two bearing, while needing to model holoaxial architecture.There is measurement and miss in this method
The problems such as difference-product tires out, transmits and dissipates is very high to modeling accuracy dependence.And it needs to arrange in the middle part of high intermediate pressure cylinder and survey
Point, increases workload and difficulty.Publication No. discloses a kind of by test bearing both ends three for the patent of CN 102650556
Strain signal at a section identifies bearing load.This method will receive the limitation in live shafting structure space, for example generate electricity
The bearing with end cover at machine both ends is unable to satisfy wanting for three, both ends measurement section since it is linked together with generator unit stator
It asks.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of measurement method that bearing load is calculated by the deformation of measurement bearing shell, this method
It, can be in skill suitable for the technical application for the LOAD FOR born under all kinds of rotating machinery sliding bearing actual installation states
Art field assessment shafting alignment quality, bearing shell installation quality and service life provide help.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of sliding bearing load measurement method based on bearing shell deformation, it calculates sliding axle by the deformation of test bearing shell
Hold the load born under actual installation state, which is characterized in that it includes the following steps:
(1), one foil gauge of arrangement is right as strain measuring point on axis immediately below the bearing lower bearing outer surface to be measured
The strain measuring point carries out grease proofing encapsulation.The foil gauge need to select itself have temperature compensation function foil gauge, so as to eliminate by
The measurement error caused by temperature；
(2), it is installed to bearing shell, but when axle journal is not installed also, measurement strains output signal value at this time, is denoted as ε1；
(3), it when axle journal and bearing block are respectively mounted and finish, measures and strains output signal value under actual installation state at this time,
It is denoted as ε2.The continuous disk of rotor is moved into several weeks before test, after test starts, using the average value in several weeks as corresponding strain
Output signal；
(4), the bearing shell is calculated due to by circumferencial direction generation under the external forces such as axle journal gravity and installation pretightening force
Line deformation, is denoted as εx(0), then εx(0)=ε2-ε1；
(5), a space coordinates are established, according to generalized Hooke law, list the bearing shell of lower bearing strain measuring point installation place
Line strain formula:
In formula, E1、μ1For the elasticity modulus and Poisson's ratio of bush material；
(6), line strain is 0 to the bearing shell of strain measuring point installation place in the Y direction, is to survey strain in the line strain of X-direction
εx(0), it may be assumed that
(7), under stress, the contact surface of bearing shell and axle journal is rectangle, and note contact surface half width is a, and contact surface is answered
Power is p (x), in which:
In formula, F is bearing load to be asked, and l is bearing shell axial width, R1For bearing bush radius projection, R2For axle journal radius, E2、μ2
The respectively elasticity modulus and Poisson's ratio of axle journal material；
(8), maximum (normal) stress suffered by bearing shell is the contact stress at x=0, it may be assumed that
(9), the stress field generated in plane when contacting under bearing shell and axle journal static state is in plane strain state, and contact produces
Raw distributed stress are as follows:
In formula,X, z are dimensionless coordinate.
(10), the coordinate at lower bearing surface strain measuring point is x=0, z=- δ/a, and wherein δ is the thickness of bearing shell, then, under
The distributed stress of bearing shell strain measuring point installation place are as follows:
(11), the σ that will be calculated in step 10x,σzBring the line strain formula in step 6 into, unknown number is load F to be asked
With the stress σ of Y-directiony, equation number is also 2, and equation number keeps count of equal to unknown, finds out the load that bearing is born
Lotus F.
Sliding bearing load measurement method provided by the invention based on bearing shell deformation has as follows compared with prior art
Technical effect:
1. proposing a kind of calculation method for deforming based on bearing shell and calculating bearing load, this method is in bearing shell actual installation
It is tested under state, test result confidence level with higher；
2. parameter needed for the present invention is the physical parameter of axle journal and bearing shell itself, there is no the various mistakes such as modeling error
Difference, measurement result also have high accuracy；
3. the present invention only need to install strain measuring point in back of bearing during maintenance, the workload of required measurement is small；
And
4. this method does not change the architectural characteristic and mounting characteristics of bearing block and bearing shell itself, the fortune of bearing block is not changed yet
Row characteristic, adaptability have higher promotion prospect in the load test of most of sliding bearing；
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is bearing block structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is bearing shell stress analysis coordinate system schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of one embodiment of the present of invention.
Fig. 4 is work flow diagram of the invention.
Wherein: 100- axle journal 101- bearing shell 102- bearing block；
103- strains measuring point 200- bearing
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figures 1 and 3, one is arranged on the axis of 101 outer surface of bearing shell (with 102 contact surface of bearing block) underface
A foil gauge carries out grease proofing encapsulation as strain measuring point 103, to the strain measuring point.The foil gauge need to be selected and itself be mended with temperature
The foil gauge of effect is repaid to eliminate the measurement error due to caused by temperature.In this way, being strained under actual installation state to measure
Line deforms bearing shell at measuring point in the circumferential direction, is denoted as εx(0)；
It is installed to bearing shell, but when axle journal is not installed also, passes through the strain measurement unit record of a tool temperature self-compensation
And export strain signal value ε1, i.e., initial line deforms the bearing shell at the strain measuring point in the circumferential direction；To axle journal and bearing block
It is respectively mounted when finishing, strain signal output valve is ε to record at this time2, this is the bearing shell at the strain measuring point under actual installation state
Line deforms in the circumferential direction.The continuous disk of rotor is moved into several weeks before testing under actual installation state, after test starts, with several
Average value in week is as corresponding strain output signal.
The bearing shell is calculated due to by external forces such as axle journal gravity and installation pretightening forces by above-mentioned strain output signal
The line deformation that bearing shell at lower strain measuring point along the circumferential direction generates, is denoted as εx(0), then εx(0)=ε2-ε1。
For this purpose, referring to fig. 4, the central control unit CPU is worked by following procedure:
1) it collects and inputs following physical parameter, the bullet of elasticity modulus and Poisson's ratio, bush material including axle journal material
Property modulus and Poisson's ratio, axle journal radius, bearing bush radius projection, bearing shell width, half bearing thickness.These parameters can by conventional means into
Row measurement；
2) space coordinates according to Fig.2, according to generalized Hooke law, wherein for calculating strain measuring point installation
The bearing shell line strain formula at place are as follows:
In formula, E1、μ1For the elasticity modulus and Poisson's ratio of bush material.
3) according to 102 structure of bearing block, since in an embodiment of the present invention, bearing shell 101 is that nesting is mounted on bearing block
In 102, therefore, line strain is 0 in the Y direction, is surveyed strain stress in the line strain of X-directionx(0), it may be assumed that
4) it is Elastic Contact that in the quiescent state, axle journal 100 is contacted with bearing shell 101, and axle journal 100 only causes axis without deformation, load
Watts 101 Light deformation.According to contact mechanics relevant knowledge it is found that the contact surface of bearing shell 101 and axle journal 100 is rectangle, remember that this connects
Contacting surface half width is a, which is p (x), obtains the p (x) by following calculation formula:
In formula, F is the load of bearing to be asked, and l is 101 width of bearing shell, R1For 101 radius of bearing shell, R2For axle journal 100 half
Diameter, E2、μ2It is distributed as the elasticity modulus and Poisson's ratio of the material of axle journal 100；
5) according to contact stress formula analysis it is found that maximum (normal) stress suffered by bearing shell 101 is the contact surface at x=0
Stress, it may be assumed that
According to Hertz theory, under bearing shell 101 and axle journal 100 are static when contact, the stress field generated in plane is in flat
The distributed stress that contact on face strain regime, x and z-axis direction generates is obtained by following calculation formula respectively:
In formula,X, z are dimensionless coordinate.
6) coordinate at 101 surface strain measuring point of bearing shell is x=0, z=- δ/a, and wherein δ is the thickness of bearing shell 101, because
This, above-mentioned bearing shell 101 strains the stress distribution of measuring point installation place are as follows:
By above-mentioned steps 6) in calculate σx,σzBring the line strain formula (3) in above-mentioned steps into, unknown number is wait ask
The stress σ of load F and Y-directiony, equation number is also 2, and equation number keeps count of equal to unknown, therefore, it can be deduced that
The load F that bearing is born.
The load F that the above-mentioned bearing measured is born is exported and is shown by a load value output unit.
The load F numerical value that the present invention measures and calculates can be used for all kinds of rotating machinery sliding bearing actual installation shapes
It, can be in technical field assessment shafting alignment quality, bearing shell installation quality in the technical application for the LOAD FOR born under state
And service life provides help, to reach following effect:
1, due to being tested under bearing shell actual installation state, test result confidence level with higher；
2, required parameter is the physical parameter of axle journal and bearing shell itself, and there is no the various errors such as modeling error, measurements
As a result also there is high accuracy；
3, only strain measuring point need to be installed in back of bearing during maintenance, the workload of required measurement is small；And
4, the architectural characteristic and mounting characteristics for not changing bearing block and bearing shell itself, the operation for also not changing bearing block are special
Property, it is adapted to the load test of most of sliding bearing, there is higher promotion prospect.
Finally it is noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and are not limiting.Although ginseng
It is described the invention in detail according to embodiment, those skilled in the art should understand that, to technical side of the invention
Case is modified or replaced equivalently, and without departure from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, should all be covered in the present invention
Scope of the claims in.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of sliding bearing load measurement method based on bearing shell deformation, which is characterized in that it includes the following steps:
(1), one foil gauge of arrangement answers this as strain measuring point on axis immediately below the bearing lower bearing outer surface to be measured
Become measuring point and carries out grease proofing encapsulation.The foil gauge need to select the foil gauge itself with temperature compensation function, to eliminate due to temperature
Measurement error caused by spending；
(2), it is installed to bearing shell, but when axle journal is not installed also, measurement strains output signal value at this time, is denoted as ε1；
(3), it when axle journal and bearing block are respectively mounted and finish, measures and strains output signal value under actual installation state at this time, be denoted as
ε2.The continuous disk of rotor is moved into several weeks before test, after test starts, using the average value in several weeks as corresponding strain output
Signal；
(4), the bearing shell is calculated since the line generated by circumferencial direction under the external forces such as axle journal gravity and installation pretightening force becomes
Shape is denoted as εx(0), then εx(0)=ε2-ε1；
(5), a space coordinates are established, according to generalized Hooke law, the bearing shell line for listing lower bearing strain measuring point installation place is answered
Become formula:
In formula, E1、μ1For the elasticity modulus and Poisson's ratio of bush material；
(6), line strain is 0 to the bearing shell of strain measuring point installation place in the Y direction, is surveyed strain stress in the line strain of X-directionx(0),
That is:
(7), under stress, the contact surface of bearing shell and axle journal is rectangle, and note contact surface half width is a, contact stress p
(x), in which:
In formula, F is bearing load to be asked, and l is bearing shell axial width, R1For bearing bush radius projection, R2For axle journal radius, E2、μ2Respectively
For the elasticity modulus and Poisson's ratio of axle journal material；
(8), maximum (normal) stress suffered by bearing shell is the contact stress at x=0, it may be assumed that
(9), the stress field generated in plane when contacting under bearing shell and axle journal static state is in plane strain state, contacts generation
Distributed stress are as follows:
In formula,X, z are dimensionless coordinate.
(10), the coordinate at lower bearing surface strain measuring point is x=0, z=- δ/a, and wherein δ is the thickness of bearing shell, then, lower bearing
Strain the distributed stress of measuring point installation place are as follows:
(11), the σ that will be calculated in step 10x,σzBring the line strain formula in step 6 into, unknown number is load F to be asked and the side Y
To stress σy, equation number is also 2, and equation number keeps count of equal to unknown, finds out the load F that bearing is born.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810247637.9A CN110296837B (en) | 2018-03-23 | 2018-03-23 | Sliding bearing load measuring method based on bearing bush deformation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810247637.9A CN110296837B (en) | 2018-03-23 | 2018-03-23 | Sliding bearing load measuring method based on bearing bush deformation |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN110296837A true CN110296837A (en) | 2019-10-01 |
| CN110296837B CN110296837B (en) | 2021-04-02 |
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| CN201810247637.9A Active CN110296837B (en) | 2018-03-23 | 2018-03-23 | Sliding bearing load measuring method based on bearing bush deformation |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114112392A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-03-01 | 中船动力研究院有限公司 | Bearing load determination method, device, equipment and storage medium |
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| DE3408310A1 (en) * | 1984-03-07 | 1984-10-04 | Eberhard Dipl.-Ing. 6301 Wettenberg Seidel | Measuring device for separately measuring the axial clamping force and the fastening torque and the components of the latter arising from the thread friction and head friction of a bolted joint without superposition of tensile and torsional stress |
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| WO2014007714A1 (en) * | 2012-07-04 | 2014-01-09 | Aktiebolaget Skf (Publ) | Load sensing arrangement on a bearing component, method and computer program product |
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| CN204458826U (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-07-08 | 北汽福田汽车股份有限公司 | A kind of lower bearing and bushing component being applicable to bending deflection axle journal |
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2018
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Patent Citations (5)
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| DE3408310A1 (en) * | 1984-03-07 | 1984-10-04 | Eberhard Dipl.-Ing. 6301 Wettenberg Seidel | Measuring device for separately measuring the axial clamping force and the fastening torque and the components of the latter arising from the thread friction and head friction of a bolted joint without superposition of tensile and torsional stress |
| CN103123288A (en) * | 2006-03-03 | 2013-05-29 | 芙罗服务管理公司 | Load measuring method and device |
| WO2014007714A1 (en) * | 2012-07-04 | 2014-01-09 | Aktiebolaget Skf (Publ) | Load sensing arrangement on a bearing component, method and computer program product |
| CN103674747A (en) * | 2013-11-21 | 2014-03-26 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Engine bearing bush abrasion test table |
| CN204458826U (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-07-08 | 北汽福田汽车股份有限公司 | A kind of lower bearing and bushing component being applicable to bending deflection axle journal |
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| Title |
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| 徐华等: "复合材料轴瓦的力学性能研究", 《西安交通大学学报》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114112392A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-03-01 | 中船动力研究院有限公司 | Bearing load determination method, device, equipment and storage medium |
| CN114112392B (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2023-06-30 | 中船动力研究院有限公司 | Bearing load determining method, device, equipment and storage medium |
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