CN113218659B - Rolling mill bearing fault diagnosis and life evaluation simulation test bed - Google Patents

Rolling mill bearing fault diagnosis and life evaluation simulation test bed Download PDF

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CN113218659B
CN113218659B CN202110633818.7A CN202110633818A CN113218659B CN 113218659 B CN113218659 B CN 113218659B CN 202110633818 A CN202110633818 A CN 202110633818A CN 113218659 B CN113218659 B CN 113218659B
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rolling mill
bearing
loading
supporting
mill bearing
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CN113218659A (en
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孙建亮
曾骄
赵琛
马超
叶春林
李坤
刘朝宗
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Yanshan University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00Testing of machine parts
    • G01M13/04Bearings
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00Testing of machine parts
    • G01M13/04Bearings
    • G01M13/045Acoustic or vibration analysis

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Abstract

The invention provides a rolling mill bearing fault diagnosis and service life evaluation simulation test bed which comprises a motor, a main shaft, a coupler, a hydraulic loading system, a supporting system, a rolling mill bearing seat assembly, an acceleration sensor and a bottom plate. The rolling mill bearing fault diagnosis and service life evaluation simulation test bed can simulate the load condition applied to the rolling mill bearing when the rolling mill works, and can simultaneously carry out different combined fault tests on two rolling mill bearings or carry out service life tests under the same working condition. The reliability of the test is ensured, the influence of other components except the rolling mill bearing on the test is reduced, and the stability of the test is improved.

Description

Rolling mill bearing fault diagnosis and life evaluation simulation test bed
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of bearing fault diagnosis and service life test, and particularly relates to a rolling mill bearing fault diagnosis and service life evaluation test bed.
Background
The bearing is used as a key part for providing support in the rotating equipment, and has important influence on the working performance and the service life of the equipment. However, under the combined action of internal factors and external factors, some subtle defects gradually evolve into faults in the operation process of the bearing, and the performance gradually declines until finally failing. The bearing fault diagnosis and service life assessment test bed can not only carry out fault tests, but also carry out service life assessment. The method has the advantages that relevant information of the bearing in a normal state or a fault state or the whole life cycle is collected, so that testers can master fault evolution rules and life test information of the bearing in the operation process, and the maintenance and management of the bearing are facilitated.
Modern rolling mills are developing towards high speed, high precision and high quality. The rolling mill bearing is an important supporting part of the rolling mill and has important influence on the rolling precision and quality of the rolling mill. Therefore, it is necessary to perform fault diagnosis and life test on the rolling mill bearing and to know the operating state and life information of the bearing during rolling. The existing bearing service life test bed can not simulate the load condition of a rolling mill in the rolling process, can only carry out fault test and service life test on a single bearing, and can not meet the test requirements of fault diagnosis and service life evaluation of the rolling mill bearing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rolling mill bearing fault diagnosis and service life evaluation simulation test bed which can simulate the load condition borne by a rolling mill bearing when a rolling mill roll works, can perform fault test and service life test on two rolling mill bearings simultaneously, improves the test efficiency and better accords with the damage condition of the rolling mill bearing in actual production.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a rolling mill bearing fault diagnosis and service life assessment simulation test bed comprises a motor, a main shaft, a coupler, a hydraulic loading system, a supporting system, a rolling mill bearing seat assembly, an acceleration sensor and a bottom plate, wherein the hydraulic loading system comprises a hydraulic pump station, a hydraulic pipeline, a hydraulic cylinder and a loading rack; the supporting system comprises a supporting bearing, a supporting bearing seat, a supporting spring and an arc-shaped supporting plate, the two ends of the main shaft are supported by the supporting system, the supporting bearing and the supporting bearing seat in the supporting system are arranged at the two ends of the main shaft, the upper ends of the supporting spring and the arc-shaped supporting plate support the sleeve cup, and the lower ends of the supporting spring and the arc-shaped supporting plate are connected to the loading rack; the rolling mill bearing seat assembly comprises a sleeve cup, a sleeve cup end cover, a bolt and a locking nut, wherein a rolling mill bearing is arranged on two shaft shoulders at the middle part of a main shaft, an inner ring of the rolling mill bearing is fixed through the locking nut to realize axial positioning, the sleeve cup end cover is connected with the sleeve cup through the bolt, a cylindrical surface at the inner side of the sleeve cup is contacted with a cylindrical surface at the outer side of an outer ring of the bearing, the sleeve cup end cover is contacted with the end surface of the outer ring of the bearing, and the axial positioning of the outer rings of the two rolling mill bearings is realized; the acceleration sensor can acquire vibration signals of the rolling mill bearing in the operation process, the vibration signals are stored in a computer through a data acquisition card and data acquisition software, and fault diagnosis and service life evaluation of the rolling mill bearing are realized through characteristic processing of the vibration signals.
Preferably, the acceleration sensor passes through the circular hole part of the sleeve cup and contacts with the outer ring of the bearing.
Preferably, the hydraulic loading system can realize different loading modes and adjustment of loading stress of the rolling mill bearing through control software, and can simulate the fault test and the service life test of the rolling mill bearing under various working conditions through control of the rotating speed of the motor and the loading stress.
Preferably, the bottom end of the supporting bearing is connected with the loading rack, the upper end of the supporting bearing is connected with the arc-shaped supporting plate, and the vibration isolation effect on the bearing of the rolling mill is realized by arranging the supporting spring.
Preferably, the combination of the two rolling mill bearings comprises: single failure combinations, normal-failure combinations, hybrid failure combinations.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the invention can simultaneously carry out fault diagnosis and service life test on two rolling mill bearings with the same specification and the same loading requirement. When fault diagnosis tests are carried out, different fault type combinations can be set for the two bearings, such as: normal-fault combination, single fault combination and mixed fault combination, and the damage form combination simulation of the rolling mill bearing set in the actual situation is realized; the two bearings can be tested simultaneously during the service life test, so that the test efficiency can be improved, and a control group can be arranged to eliminate test errors caused by accidental factors.
2) The invention can reduce the vibration interference generated by other components except the rolling mill bearing in the test through the supporting spring, and reduce the noise in the collected vibration signal. And the two ends of the main shaft are supported by the supporting bearings, so that uneven load distribution caused by insufficient support is reduced.
3) The hydraulic loading device is adopted, so that a large loading load can be provided, and the size of the load can be accurately controlled; different loading conditions can be realized by controlling the rotating speed of the motor and the hydraulic pressure, and fault diagnosis and service life test under various working conditions can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the test stand of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic half-section view of a test stand according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the spindle part of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1. a base plate; 2. loading the rack; 3. an arc-shaped support plate; 4. a support spring; 5. a cup end cover; 6. a main shaft; 7. supporting the bearing seat; 8. a support bearing; 9. a coupling; 10. a motor; 11. a hydraulic pump station; 12. a hydraulic conduit; 13. a hydraulic cylinder; 14. a bolt; 15. a rolling mill bearing; 16. locking the nut; 17. an acceleration sensor; 18. and (5) sleeving a cup.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It is to be noted that, unless otherwise specified, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains.
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, a rolling mill bearing fault diagnosis and life evaluation simulation test bed mainly comprises
The loading rack 2 is fixedly connected to the bottom plate 1; the main shaft 6 penetrates through the groove part of the loading rack 2 and is transversely arranged; the rolling mill bearing 15 is arranged on a shaft shoulder at the middle part of the main shaft 6; one end of an inner ring of a rolling mill bearing 15 is abutted against a shaft shoulder, and the other end of the inner ring is locked by a locking nut 16 to prevent the inner ring from axially moving; the sleeve cup 18 is sleeved on the outer ring of the rolling mill bearing 15; the sleeve cup end cover 5 is pressed against the outer ring of the rolling mill bearing 15 on one side and is connected to the sleeve cup 18 through the bolt 14 to fix the outer ring and prevent the outer ring from moving axially.
The hydraulic cylinder 13 is fixedly connected to the top end of the loading rack 2; the hydraulic pump station 11 is fixed on the bottom plate 1; the hydraulic pump station 11 is connected to the hydraulic cylinder 13 through a hydraulic pipeline 12 and can provide pressure oil; the hydraulic cylinder 13 can convert pressure oil pressure provided by the hydraulic pump station 11 into mechanical thrust to apply pressure on the cylindrical outer surface of the sleeve cup 18; the sleeve cup 18 transmits the pressure applied by the hydraulic cylinder 13 to the outer ring of the rolling mill bearing 15, so that the load loading of the rolling mill bearing 15 is realized.
The shaft shoulders at the two ends of the main shaft 6 are supported by a supporting bearing 8 and a supporting bearing seat 7; the main shaft 6 is connected with a motor 10 through a coupling 9; the lower end of the supporting spring 4 is connected with the loading rack 2, and the upper end is connected with the arc-shaped supporting plate 3; the arc-shaped support plate 3 supports the sleeve cup 18 under the elastic force of the support spring 4.
The acceleration sensor 17 passes through a circular hole of the sleeve cup 18 and is in contact with the outer ring of the rolling mill bearing 15. After the other devices are installed, the motor is started, the hydraulic loading device is started to load the load, and the acceleration sensor acquires vibration signals. The collected vibration signals can be stored in a computer through a data acquisition card and signal acquisition software, and not only can be processed off-line after all test signals are collected, but also data can be processed in real time in the computer, and online fault diagnosis and service life prediction can be carried out on the bearing.
The invention can simultaneously carry out fault diagnosis and service life test on two rolling mill bearings with the same specification under the same loading condition. Different combination modes can be carried out according to different fault types, and normal-fault combinations, single fault combinations, mixed fault combinations and the like can be set; and the service life tests can be carried out on the two rolling mill bearings under the same working condition. The two acceleration sensors can simultaneously and respectively acquire vibration signals of two rolling mill bearings, so that a control group can be set, the test error caused by accidental factors can be reduced, the test effect is improved, and the test efficiency can be improved.
The vibration isolation effect can be generated on the rolling mill bearing by selecting the supporting spring with proper spring stiffness, the resonance of other parts caused by the vibration generated by the rolling mill bearing in the test bed is reduced, the noise signal acquired in the acceleration sensor is reduced, and the signal precision is improved.
The invention can realize the fault diagnosis and the service life test of the rolling mill bearing under different rotating speeds and different loads by controlling the rotating speed of the motor and the hydraulic pressure. And the rotating speed and the loading load can be changed at any time in the test process according to the test requirements, so that the variable working condition test is realized.
1) Accelerated life test
Because the manufacturing process and the material performance are improved at present, the reliability of the bearing is higher and higher, and the service life is continuously prolonged. If the bearing service life test is carried out according to the conventional working condition, the test time is greatly increased, and the test cost is higher. Therefore, when a bearing life test is performed, the life test is generally performed by loading a higher load and a higher rotation speed. Under the condition of ensuring that the failure distribution, failure rule and failure mechanism of the bearing are not changed, the failure speed of the bearing is accelerated, and the test time and cost investment are reduced.
According to the load distribution condition of the bearing in actual use, the invention adopts a hydraulic loading mode to load the bearing with stress, and the stress loading mode which can be provided by the invention comprises the following steps: constant stress, step stress, progressive stress, random stress, and the like. The invention is only explained under the condition of constant stress loading, and the principle of other loading conditions is the same, so that the description is omitted.
The loading stress of the accelerated life test of the bearing is not too large, and the excessive stress can cause the bearing to generate plastic deformation and even fracture and other non-fatigue damage conditions. The loading stress is not too small, the service life of the bearing is extremely long under the condition of too small stress, the test time and the cost are increased, and the efficiency is reduced. The general loading stress P and the basic rated dynamic load C of the bearing meet the following conditions: P/C is less than or equal to 0.45, generally about 0.25.
To ensure that the contact stress is within a suitable range, the calculation can be performed according to the maximum contact stress calculation method in hertz theory:
ball bearing: 858/(m)amb)[Q(∑ρ)2]1/3
Roller bearing: 190.6 × (Q Σ ρ/l)1/2
Where Q is the total load, ρ is the principal curvature, ma、mbThe coefficient relating to the eccentricity of the ellipse, l, is the roller length.
In the accelerated life test, the bearing life distribution still follows the weibull distribution, i.e.:
Figure BDA0003104785220000051
n is bearing life, VsIs a scale parameter and b is a shape parameter.
In an accelerated life test, the rated life of the bearing and the equivalent dynamic load corresponding to the rated life still have an inverse power law relationship, and the rated life of the bearing can be calculated according to the following formula:
L10=α1α2α3(C/P)ε
α1for the coefficient of reliability, α2Is the coefficient of material, alpha3And P is the equivalent dynamic load of the bearing, and C is the rated dynamic load of the bearing.
When the test bed provided by the invention is used for carrying out an accelerated life test, the stress loading mode and magnitude of the rolling mill bearing, the hydraulic cylinder and the motor rotating speed can be set according to the test requirements, and the calculation mode of the rated life of the bearing can be calculated according to the formula.
2) Life prediction
The test bed provided by the invention can be used for carrying out an accelerated life test of the bearing and collecting vibration signals of the bearing in the test process. Related researches indicate that the residual service life of the bearing can be predicted by combining big data and an artificial intelligence method, and the monitoring data source comprises vibration signals of the bearing in the operation process. The test bed provided by the invention not only can continuously collect vibration signals of the bearings, but also can simultaneously provide vibration signals of two bearings. The two bearings are subjected to service life tests under the same working condition, and when an intelligent algorithm is used, the two groups of bearing vibration signals can be divided into a training group and a testing group, so that the prediction accuracy and efficiency of the prediction model can be improved. The service life prediction mode can be divided into an online mode and an offline mode, offline algorithm training can be carried out on the intelligent algorithm through the acquired vibration signals, and then online service life prediction is carried out on the intelligent algorithm after debugging is finished on the test bed.
3) Fault diagnosis
When the bearing fault diagnosis test is carried out, a fault bearing can be directly installed, and a normal bearing can also be directly installed for loading until the bearing is in fault. The test bed provided by the invention can be used for simultaneously carrying out fault diagnosis tests on two bearings and can be combined according to different test requirements. The method can be roughly divided into three types of combinations: normal-fault combinations, single-fault combinations, mixed-fault combinations. The normal-fault combination is a contrast test, and can acquire normal bearing vibration signals and fault bearing vibration signals simultaneously; the single fault combination can simultaneously acquire vibration signals of two groups of bearings with the same fault type under the same working condition, so that the test efficiency can be improved, and two groups of data can be compared; the hybrid fault combination can simulate the vibration form of the bearing under the condition of different fault type combinations. The failure diagnosis mode is the same as the life prediction mode, and can be divided into an online mode and an offline mode, which are not described herein again.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments can still be modified, or some or all of the technical features thereof can be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. The utility model provides a rolling mill bearing fault diagnosis and life-span aassessment analogue test platform, its includes motor, main shaft, shaft coupling, hydraulic loading system, braced system, rolling mill bearing frame subassembly, acceleration sensor and bottom plate, its characterized in that:
the rolling mill bearing seat assembly comprises a sleeve cup, a sleeve cup end cover, a bolt and a locking nut, wherein a rolling mill bearing is arranged on two shaft shoulders in the middle of a main shaft, one end of an inner ring of the rolling mill bearing is abutted against the shaft shoulders, the other end of the inner ring of the rolling mill bearing is locked by the locking nut, the inner ring of the rolling mill bearing is fixed through the locking nut so as to realize axial positioning, the sleeve cup end cover is connected with the sleeve cup through the bolt, a cylindrical surface on the inner side of the sleeve cup is contacted with a cylindrical surface on the outer side of an outer ring of the bearing, and the sleeve cup end cover is contacted with the end surface of the outer ring of the bearing so as to realize axial positioning of the outer rings of the two rolling mill bearing;
the supporting system comprises a supporting bearing, a supporting bearing seat, a supporting spring and an arc-shaped supporting plate, the two ends of the main shaft are supported by the supporting system, the supporting bearing and the supporting bearing seat in the supporting system are arranged at the two ends of the main shaft, the upper ends of the supporting spring and the arc-shaped supporting plate support the sleeve cup, and the lower ends of the supporting spring and the arc-shaped supporting plate are connected to the loading rack; the bottom end of the supporting bearing is connected with the loading frame, the upper end of the supporting bearing is connected with the arc-shaped supporting plate, and the vibration isolation effect on the rolling mill bearing is realized by arranging the supporting spring;
the hydraulic loading system comprises a hydraulic pump station, a hydraulic pipeline, a hydraulic cylinder and a loading rack, wherein the hydraulic pump station is connected with the hydraulic cylinder through the hydraulic pipeline, the hydraulic cylinder is arranged at the top of the loading rack, and the main shaft penetrates through the groove part of the loading rack; the hydraulic cylinder converts pressure oil pressure provided by the hydraulic pump station into mechanical thrust to apply pressure on the cylindrical outer surface of the sleeve cup; the sleeve cup transmits the pressure applied by the hydraulic cylinder to the outer ring of the bearing of the rolling mill, so that the load loading of the bearing of the rolling mill is realized; the hydraulic loading system can realize different loading modes and adjustment of loading stress of the rolling mill bearing through control software, and can simulate a rolling mill bearing fault test and a service life test under various working conditions by controlling the rotating speed and the loading stress of a motor;
the acceleration sensor can acquire vibration signals of the rolling mill bearing in the operation process, the vibration signals are stored in a computer through a data acquisition card and data acquisition software, and fault diagnosis and service life evaluation of the rolling mill bearing are realized through characteristic processing of the vibration signals.
2. The rolling mill bearing fault diagnosis and life assessment simulation test bed of claim 1, wherein the acceleration sensor passes through a sleeve cup circular hole portion and contacts a bearing outer ring.
3. The rolling mill bearing fault diagnosis and life assessment simulation test stand of claim 1, wherein the combination of two rolling mill bearings comprises: single fault combinations, normal-fault combinations, mixed fault combinations.
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CN114720119A (en) * 2022-03-25 2022-07-08 燕山大学 Comprehensive fault simulation test bed considering multidirectional loading working condition for plate and strip rolling mill
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