CN110296041A - One axis multimachine aerodynamic decelerator single armed of jack-post structure rises resistance and combines vertical axis windmill - Google Patents
One axis multimachine aerodynamic decelerator single armed of jack-post structure rises resistance and combines vertical axis windmill Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D3/005—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor the axis being vertical
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D3/06—Rotors
- F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/06—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
- F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of liters applied to field of wind energy utilization to hinder mating type vertical axis windmill, it is therefore intended that overcomes the unreasonable structure and not perfect function of existing vertical axis windmill.It is reliable for structure simple rigid, overcome the drawbacks of wind wheel is directly fixed on generator shaft, take jack-post structure, upper and lower duplex bearing makes axis, column rotation connection, make vertical shaft rotary body that there is very strong resistance to capsizing, vertical axis machine breakthrough bottleneck power can be done greatly, size blower has a kind of common-mode that can be formed；One axis multimachine mode of this jack-post structure bring makes generator repair and replacement convenient；Wind wheel uses 3, pure lift-type blade, single arm support blade, and arm section is fairshaped fish shape, reduces weight, rotary inertia, promotes the brisk degree of wind wheel, increases operational efficiency；Rise resistance combine starts the low wind speed of wind wheel easily, high wind speed when have speed limit effect；Movable leaflet section is designed for aerodynamic decelerator, is clapped when needing speed limit to operation, effective speed limit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of wind energy utilization, are related to vertical axis aerogenerator technology, and in particular to a kind of jack-post structure
Liter hinder mating type aerodynamic decelerator vertical axis windmill technology.
Background technique
Vertical axis windmill is most ancient machine, the wooden wind energy conversion system of the sail type of ancient Chinese is not trunnion axis but
Vertical axis, be that the mankind made contribution as the European wooden wind energy conversion system of trunnion axis oar blade type.It is horizontal to the wind-power electricity generation epoch
Axis machine becomes a star, no matter several hundred, several kilowatts, so that several megawatts, flat axis machine technology is all mature, perfect product of being formed
High volume applications.And vertical axis aerogenerator is passed by decades, and it is but bumpy all the way, without mature, perfect product.It divides
It is several below:
The Φ type machine (i.e. Dari eritrea type, English name Darrieus) of bent blades.There was large-scale curved leaf in North America decades ago
The top drawstring of piece, generator landing formula, wind wheel pattern be it is olivary, also once operation generates electricity hours up to ten thousand.This technology
Route has many defects, such as is unable to self start, has dropped out application.The top dragline type Φ type that China occurred is large-scale
The explorative experiment model machine of machine, does not continue down after being destroyed in strong wind yet.People transfer to walk independent post type (no top drawstring)
Φ type machine route.Φ type machine is actually with leaf for arm.But evolution is for many years, and independent post type Φ type machine only has 10kw is below to have
Business application is more common in 3kw and below.It is more several hectowatts, in conjunction with resistance wheel, it is easy to self-starting, power generation effect
Fruit is good, is initial success.But due to not having aerodynamic decelerator device, failure is often met under high wind speed area, storm wind.This machine
Type is coaxial straight drive, an axis single cpu mode, i.e. direct-connected 1 generator of wind wheel.The vertical axis machine product of initial success, also can only
Say it is to temporarily get application in not perfect, immature.
Prismatic blade H-type machine.Numerous producers pursues the technology path of this double support arm multiple-blades (mostly 5 blades) and goes out
Produce product.Its transmission chain is that wind wheel is directly fixedly connected with generator shaft (and vertical), i.e., the single cpu mode coaxially directly driven.
This transmission chain pattern can be described as by trunnion axis power traction from, and trunnion axis machine is all one machine mode of an axis, middle-size and small-size level
Axis machine is exactly that wind wheel is directly fixed on generator shaft.Present most of vertical mechanism shaft persons of making are also that lifting wind wheel is direct
It is fixed on generator shaft, equal to using generator shaft as the base support component of wind wheel.The type of this construction is difficult to do greatly, only
See and be applied to several kilowatts of scales, and runs generating effect and be not so good as Φ type machine.The commodity machine for 10kw or more scale that so far there are no is good
Good application.
The irreplaceable advantage of vertical axis machine is that it is not required to wind, and any direction carrys out wind or no matter how wind direction changes all
It can rotate, without to blower structure；And trunnion axis machine must be to wind, minicomputer is by tail vane, medium-and-large-sized machine by complicated Yawing mechanism
To wind.On generating dutation, vertical axis machine does not lose windage loss, and trunnion axis machine has when wind direction changes frequent to windage loss mistake.
It is most concentrated although vertical axis machine research and development in recent years in Chinese flourishing expansion, become release vertical axis model machine in the world
Country, at the same time in the world also without there is testing machine, commodity machine than the more advanced more perfect maturation of China, but China goes out
The existing curved leaf machine of lift-type Φ type, the straight piece machine of H-type, function are all still not perfect --- and there is no aerodynamic decelerator device, and has in structure
Bottleneck, limitation are done big.It is nearly all the biography of wind wheel with directly fixed, the coaxial single machine of generator shaft as commodity selling
Dynamic structure, is all minicomputer, rarely has and releases power scale greater than 10kw or more person, generally hovers in several kilowatts of ranks.
Lift vertical shaft machine, a component --- the tangential force of the lift generated by streamline vane in airflow function
It pushes blade to rotate around vertical axis, therefore claims lift vertical shaft machine.Blade dynamic mechanism is similar with trunnion axis machine blade.Lift-type
Each lift-type blade of vertical axis machine is rotating a circle in interior most of angle all dynamic (i.e. positive tangential force), this makes wind
Wheel can be continuously run.Only it is different wind wheel design (such as blade width, the number of blade, support arm design, wind wheel radius size, the wing
Type selection, ways of deceleration, the design of uprising wind energy power etc.) making wind mill performance, (such as starting wind velocity, rotary speed property, band carry
Ability, efficiency, control performance) there is very big difference.
It is all directly to be pushed away using wind pressure generation whether with wind scoop or sail as simple resistance-type vertical axis machine
Power is rotated by the wind scoop torque difference of vertical shaft two sides, and rotating a circle, it is dynamic within the scope of 180 degree to be only less than, and another half cycle is
It is motorless.It is to belong to the not improvable of principle, and there are many component, cost is excessively high, simple resistance-type due to its low efficiency
Wind wheel is difficult to promote and apply, and this will not be repeated here.
Summary of the invention
Technical problems to be solved
The purpose of the present invention is to solve many disadvantages on existing lift vertical shaft wind turbine technology.For from grinding
Find in hair practice, the Practical Project problem present in is, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of novel lift vertical shaft wind
Power machine: no matter small-sized, medium-sized or large-scale, no matter that is, from several kilowatts to tens kilowatt, or several hundred kilowatts or more are arrived, all it is allowed to
Have a kind of reliable and simple structure, to allow it is vertically holding up, major diameter bigger (then force-bearing situation is severe greatly for draw ratio) and
The vertical axis rotated again also wants the energy horizontal excitation power of resistance, i.e. tilting moment in addition to that can transmit torque.The straight leaf of existing prevalence
Both arms H-type vertical axis machine, wind wheel are directly fixed on generator shaft, and generator shaft is subjected to the torque of wind wheel transmitting, also to prop up
Support wind wheel weight and powerful tilting moment.Although the benefit of this structure is apparent --- it is extremely simple, part it is small and exquisite and
Simply, at low cost, but generator shaft and its bearing and shell bear additional load, and they are not also subjected to big synthesis
Load, this unreasonable structure are also done less by this structure.
Existing prismatic blade both arms H-type vertical axis windmill, low wind speed (such as 5m/s or less) do not start, middle wind speed (such as 5
~10m/s) turn unhappy, and rated wind speed (such as 12~13m/s) is far not achieved full hair, when higher wind (14~15m/s or more)
Horizontal thrust is very big, and axis top is shaken horrible.In order to which low wind speed can start, many producers using multiple-blade (such as 5 leaves, even
Have 8 leaves), but problem and do not solve, middle wind speed or generation deficiency, efficiency reduces.There is problem in a word is exactly starting difficulty,
Generation deficiency can be attributed to low efficiency.Here low efficiency is not that vane efficiency is low, but entire wind wheel low efficiency.Existing production
The support arm of product, prismatic blade is unreasonable, have in terms of section configuration it is elliptical, circle, have crescent even there are also square tube, sweep
It is big to plunder air drag；It is both arms in terms of support arm pattern, there is transverse arm, oblique arm, there are also various vertical and horizontal rod piece support arms, arm is more
Interference blows to the air-flow of blade, increases the diclinic support arm that rotary inertia, especially root are intersected in a bit, more interference air-flow.
Existing vertical axis machine does not have aerodynamic decelerator, brakes by electromagnetism, mechanical reduction, 16m/s or more wind speed can only be shut down.
Mechanical brake is naturally also necessary, but coaxial direct drive structure setting can only generally take disc brake, realize machinery with brake clip
Brake, brake clip movement generally by it is hydraulic can be achieved it is automatically controlled (unattended), but with the standing-meeting of minicomputer equipped hydraulic increase cost, and
The minicomputer of no hydraulic station just can only manually operate brake clip.Coaxial direct drive structure will be more complicated with a set of disc brake apparatus
, especially on minicomputer if with it is hydraulic be very uneconomic.
To solve the above problems, allowing vertical axis machine comprehensive and reasonable, improvement: changing structure and generator shaft should only be turned round
Square；Generator answers speedup, rather than coaxially rotates at the same speed with wind wheel；Both arms support prismatic blade is changed to single arm support blade, reduces
It scans resistance and reduces entire wind wheel rotary inertia, be conducive to wind wheel and accelerate；It installs aerodynamic decelerator device additional on prismatic blade, improves and hang down
D-axis machine performance；To straight blade lifting wind wheel plus match resistance-type wind wheel, makes wind wheel be easy to start, make mechanical brake simple, low
Cost.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
It is on the whole: a liter resistance mating type wind wheel is coaxially constituted by lifting wind wheel and resistance-type wind wheel, by outer shaft inner prop
And bearing constitutes wind wheel support construction and its rotary body, constitutes deceleration spoiler by leaflet section, it is more that an axis is made of gear drive
Machine mode.
Take jack-post structure: cylinder 6 is motionless, and cylinder 6 has biggish module of anti-bending section (relative to thinner hair
Motor shaft), it undertakes tilting moment and supports wind wheel total weight；Lower axle 7 and upper axis 3 are connected as one composition outer shaft, and axis is around column
It rotates, is rotatablely connected between jack-post by upper bearing (metal) 12 and lower bearing 11 and cylinder 6.
Primary blades 1, leaflet section 13 and support arm 2 constitute lifting wind wheel, and blade 1 is fixedly connected on support arm 2；Upper layer wind scoop 4
Resistance-type wind wheel is constituted with lower layer wind scoop 5, and every layer of resistance-type wind wheel has a pair of of wind scoop, and quarrel is towards opposite；Two layers of resistance wheel
String at the relationship that is mutually perpendicular to, i.e. two wind scoop mouths is in 90 °；Lift wheel is coaxial with resistance wheel, is all fixedly connected on outer shaft, outer shaft
Namely what is often called wheel hub, and column is equivalent to the inner shaft often said.Gear wheel 8 is fixed on lower axle 7, drives pinion gear 9, and pinion gear 9 is fixed
In generator shaft.Using gear drive, by the revolving speed speedup of generator 10, outer shaft is by gear 8 with more generators.It designs
When the blower of different capacity, it need to only change the size of cylinder, axis.Using 3 blades, the single horizontal support arm 2 of each blade 1
Support, support arm section configuration are streamlined.Blade upper and lower ends setting it is a bit of can bucket segment 13, can bucket segment controlled by computer
It opens, withdraw, in 0~90 ° of scale oscillation.Generator configuration electromagnetic brake 14.Entire wind wheel is fixed on king-post 16, is passed through
Flange 15 is connected and fixed.
Beneficial effect
Since generator is not fixedly connected with wind wheel, generator shaft is just solely subjected to torque and is not subject to other any from wind
The complicated various load of wheel, the various complex loads of wind wheel are assumed responsibility for by cylinder, and cylinder have it is more much bigger than generator shaft
Module of anti-bending section, can more undertake various complex loads especially horizontal thrust.By jack-post structure, revolutionize existing
The wind wheel of H-type vertical axis machine type there are modes, improve the load of generator shaft.This jack-post structure, is suitable for any
The vertical axis machine of power, is more suitable for high-power vertical shaft machine.This is provided for the sizing of vertical axis windmill of different sizes can
Row mode.
One axis multimachine mode gives generator speedup by gear, can thus use the motor of higher nominal revolving speed, and
High-speed motor is more at low cost than slowspeed machine, small in size, light-weight.One axis multimachine mode also helps control wind speed round: working as wind
When speed is lower, blade power is low, and wind wheel is not easy to accelerate, and at this moment can reduce generator electromagnetic resistance --- pass through robot control system(RCS)
It allows wherein one (or 2) generator to be detached from load, is in light condition；When wind speed height to a certain extent or wind speed round promoted
After to a certain extent, then no-load generator band is enabled to carry；One axis multimachine mode generator easy to repair, dismantle fault generator when not
Wind wheel must be dismantled, this greatly reduces maintenance cost, and it is (on the contrary in coaxial straight drive, i.e. one machine mode of an axis to greatly facilitate maintenance
In, detachable maintaining generator must dismantle entire wind wheel), in operation one it is faulty when not generating electricity, exist there are also other generators
Work, not will cause driving.
This technology is lighter than existing double support arm wind wheels, rotary inertia is lower using single support arm, and wind wheel rotation will be made lighter
Fastly, be conducive to low wind speed to start, while reducing wind wheel self-energy consumption in operating, also mean that increase output energy, mention
High efficiency.Support arm uses streamlined section, such as fish shape, there is the resistance coefficient of very little, reduces support arm and scans resistance, this is raising again
Efficiency increases a contribution.Support arm is placed between upper layer and lower layer resistance wheel, and horizontal thrust position is also just herein.Horizontal thrust
Position is multiplied by column root distance, i.e. column institute bending moment, that is, tilting moment, being arranged can allow cylinder unlikely excessively high herein,
To lower horizontal thrust moment of flexure caused by cylinder.
Configuration resistance wheel can help the low wind speed of wind wheel to start, this is because resistance wheel have even if low wind speeds it is larger
Torque.When more than higher wind (such as 14,15m/s), lift-type blade power output is very strong, and entire wind wheel only leans on Lift wheel just to make machine
Tool can be output to very strong stage, and generator is also at full hair, super generating state, and that at this moment it is desirable to wind speed rounds is restricted, no
It is promoted again, and at this moment the edge linear velocity of resistance wheel without power will be turned in tow by Lift wheel close to even more than wind speed,
Like fan, at this moment resistance wheel automatically becomes the burden of entire wind wheel, this is just conducive to limit entire wind speed round.By resistance
Wheel is divided into two layers, and two layers of resistance wheel relationship in 90 ° that intersects, against four direction, carrying out wind from all directions can all push away wind scoop mouth
The rotation of dynamic resistance wheel.
Blade upper and lower ends setting can bucket segment can realize aerodynamic decelerator.Usually (when wind speed round is no more than rated speed)
Can bucket segment and fixed leaf Duan Yiti, be a part of fixed leaf；When wind speed round is more than rated speed, needs to control revolving speed
When, can bucket segment open rotation one angle (robot control system(RCS) offer instruction), maximum can turn 90 °.Can bucket segment open when wind wheel
Running resistance sharply increases, and wind wheel is forced to slow down.
Since the present invention takes an axis multimachine mode, mechanical brake can be realized with very simple mode, and energization just generates
Brake, it is easy to realize and automatically control, i.e., install electromagnetic brake in generator shaft, structure is simple, effectively reliable, cost
It is cheap.
Above-mentioned measure can be brought: more reasonable rotating shaft support and its drive mechanism, so that vertical axis machine structure is simple, logical
With change；It can low wind speed starting；Raising efficiency；Effectively control revolving speed；It is easy to repair.A kind of simple and reliable and general jack-post knot
Structure, and be conducive to significantly reduce manufacturing cost.By above-mentioned technology layout, it can be achieved that the mesh of the present invention described in summary of the invention
's.
In order to illustrate beneficial effect, spy does following analysis and proof:
Wind wheel is directly fixed on generator shaft, bring strength problem:
It is straight no matter wind wheel is fixed with what mode first, it should be understood that wind energy conversion system power and wind wheel size defer to certain relationship
It connects and is fixed on generator shaft, or be rotatablely connected using jack-post structure, by wind wheel and cylinder, diameter, the length of blade of wind wheel are big
Body is the same, and horizontal thrust (power of destruction is generated to wind wheel) is the same, effect of the horizontal thrust to rotor shaft
Point is same.
It is analyzed with designing example: the vertical axis windmill of one 4kw of design, about 3 meters of the height (axial length) of rotor shaft, water
Flat-pushing power acts in the middle part of axis, and at about 1.5 meters, i.e., 1.5 meters of torque arm length, horizontal thrust are 3000 Ns；Assuming that taking wind wheel straight
The structure of running fire motor, 60 revs/min of generator rated speed, axis normal diameter is 50mm, solid shafting；Simply to check wind wheel
Axis Root Stress:
Solid axial stress
Note: this solid shafting uses Fine Steel Casting iron, yield limit 400MPa.
Since rotor shaft and generator shaft connect together, this stress is exactly the stress of generator shaft.Original generator shaft
It is completely adequate for undertaking torque, but at this moment also to undertake moment of flexure, and stress is laid in not only without instead more than 1.38
Times, it is not competent.
Jack-post structure (wind wheel is not direct-connected with generator shaft) is seen again:
Common low-alloy carbon steel can be selected, yield limit only has 235MPa (lower than the strength of materials of generator shaft),
Wind wheel size, point of force application, horizontal thrust etc. all as upper example, difference be it is present select steel pipe, cylinder outer diameter is
168mm, Lai Jiaohe intensity:
Steel penstock stress: it uses structural steel (low-alloy carbon steel), yield limit 235MPa
It uses steel pipe and increases the outer diameter (column that this example outer diameter is 168mm) as wind wheel supporter, at wind wheel root
Body stress only accounts for the 19% of material allowable stress, considerably increases safety.Accordingly even when horizontal thrust increases in high wind speed
Add, it can also be safe to use.And existing popular wind wheel and the direct-connected structure of generator, the level for being unable to undergo to operate when high wind speed push away
Power, the wind speed of more than ten metre per second (m/s)s will stoppage protection, mustn't operate.
Add the necessity with resistance-type wind wheel: lift-type is when blade is static, without resistance wheel, as long as wind speed reaches certain
Degree, lift-type blade can also move up, this is " resistance starting ".After starting, accelerates with slow, just have the increasing of lift
Add, the tangential force (power that is required, making blade rotation) on blade just will increase.But this needs higher wind speed.And it sets
What meter wind energy conversion system was pursued is that low wind speed starts, low wind speed generates electricity, and simple lifting wind wheel is exactly unsatisfactory for this requirement.Merely
The characteristics of lifting wind wheel is that torque is small, but the kinetic energy carried after rotating is big.And the characteristics of pure resistance-type wind wheel is torque
Low, the entrained kinetic energy of larger but revolving speed is small, in low wind conditions, it may have preferable starting capability.Pure lift-type wind
In conjunction with pure resistance-type wind wheel advantage, the wind wheel for rising resistance mating type can be achieved with low wind speed and starts wheel.S form-drag wind wheel, Europe
Human hair is bright to have 80 years history so far, has been demonstrated to work well in the fixed resistance-type wind wheel of wind scoop, also answer till now
With.
Vane arm uses fish shape section, makes comparisons with using round tube.Object aerodynamic Drag Calculation formula:
Fd --- air drag, ρ --- atmospheric density, V --- wind speed (air velocity), Cd--- resistance coefficient,
S --- wind area (being the front face area of arm here).
Assuming that wind speed is calculated by common rated wind speed 12m/s, the arm and round tube of fish shape section make the comparison of resistance of vane arm, generation
Enter to calculate:
Note: the air-flow of the aerofoil profile of fish shape section, string and obstruction operation is at 0 ° of angle of attack, resistance coefficient 0.008；
The resistance coefficient of cylindrical (steel pipe) is 1.2, and caliber is set as fish shape section thickness here.It can be seen that fish shape
It is much smaller that the arm of section scans resistance.The design uses single arm support blade, and sweep air resistance reduces one times again.And it rotates
Inertia is also substantially reduced, and necessarily accelerating wind wheel, fast, rotation is brisk.
In terms of aerodynamic decelerator: aerodynamic decelerator should be wind energy conversion system indispensability performance, therefore without the wind energy conversion system of aerodynamic decelerator function
It is incomplete wind energy conversion system.In existing wind energy conversion system product, trunnion axis machine is all with aerodynamic decelerator device (measure), such as variable pitch tune
Speed, blade tip clap slow down to operation, yaw speed limit, inclined head are wagged the tail the measures such as speed limit (minicomputer)；Vertical axis machine cannot become because of blade
Paddle and does not solve the problems, such as using the change of vane aerodynamic always come speed limit so that vertical axis machine is not that driving occurs to break
Bad, exactly 15,6 meter per second wind speed are locked not to generate electricity and wastes generator meeting good greatly.Existing vertical axis, which is not bold enough to do, also greatly this side
Face reason, because existing vertical axis machine only has electromagnetic brake, mechanical brake, and electromagnetism, mechanical brake are high under middle high wind speed
Brake is to stop incessantly when speed operating, and risk of braking by force is big, easily directly destroys parts.Mechanical brake is generally used for pneumatically
After deceleration, wind speed round brakes again after lowering.This of existing vertical axis machine not perfect limits its popularization and application.This
Invention is exactly to generate in this context.The present invention by the both ends of prismatic blade take it is a bit of be designed to can bucket segment,
Such as Fig. 1, Fig. 6, in 13 be movable leaflet section, 90 ° can be opened to from 0 °, can also invert return.The wind wheel left side indicates in Fig. 1, Fig. 6
Be movable leaflet section and primary blades 1 are integrated situation, when normal operation, is completely coincident, i.e. 0 ° of return situation, this
Shi little Ye section 13 is called " waving Xiang Yunhang "；What is indicated on the right of wind wheel is that movable leaflet section 13 is opened, is not integrated with primary blades 1
Situation, at this moment leaflet section 13 is called " clap to operation " situation.What Fig. 2 was indicated is up situation, and leaflet section 13 waves Xiang Yun
Row；What Fig. 5 was indicated is limiting operation situation, and leaflet section 13 is clapped to operation, and on the tangent line of wind wheel rotational circle is primary blades 1
Situation, on wind wheel rotational circle normal is the posture situation of leaflet section 13.When leaflet section 13 clap to operation when, air force
Property is spoiler, can be considered a plate, the resistance coefficient of plate is about 2, by formulaSpoiler
It produces to rotate wind wheel and generates high resistance, drag size is in addition to directly proportional to the quadratic power of wind speed V, also with flow-disturbing plate suqare at just
Than only it is to be understood that spoiler area S can calculate spoiler resistance.The air resistance of spoiler (clapping the leaflet section to operation) at this time
Power is more many times larger than primary blades air drag, on resistance coefficient just difference 250 times, calculated by formula 1 leaflet section clap to
Running resistance, primary blades are waved to running resistance:
Note: this design example leaf chord length (blade is wide) is 0.3m, and blade thickness is 0.054m, main lobe length of a film 2m.
Although area accounting very little is once clapped to operation, and resistance can compare main lobe as it can be seen that leaflet section is only a bit of
Piece resistance is 100 times big, so big flow-disturbing resistance, it is sufficient to allow wind wheel to slow down, have significant speed limit effect.Leaflet section is beaten
The time course opened can be designed to the several seconds, slowly open rather than moment rapidly opens, so that deceleration have one it is reasonable
Transient process avoids the impact to wind wheel each component and transmission device.The opening of leaflet section withdraws and uses motor drive,
Motor is controlled by robot control system(RCS).
Mechanical brake of the present invention uses electromagnetic braking mode, brake guaranties, and frictional disk is attracted, and brake can be realized.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 integrally looks squarely schematic diagram, is suitable for small-sized, medium-sized, mainframe.
Fig. 2 schematic top plan view.Show blade, transverse arm, resistance wheel, upper axis.
Fig. 3 resistance wheel (on) schematic diagram.Show wind scoop section configuration.
Fig. 4 resistance wheel (under) schematic diagram.Show wind scoop section configuration.The comparison of the two figures, indicates upper layer and lower layer resistance wheel
The positional relationship of wind scoop placement in 90 °.
Fig. 5 primary blades wave Xiang Yunhang, and leaflet section opens, claps schematic diagram to operation.
The head-up schematic diagram of Fig. 6 wind wheel structure is enlarged drawing of the Fig. 1 to wind wheel host.Show boss rod column structure.
Specific embodiment
Mono- group of correlation figure of Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 6 expresses vertical axis windmill overall picture of the present invention, by blade 1, horizontal branch
Arm 2, upper axis 3, lower axle 7, upper layer wind scoop 4, lower layer's wind scoop 5 constitute wind wheel --- resistance mating type wind wheel is risen, wherein blade 1 is also named
Primary blades are for leaflet section 13, and leaflet section 13 is to belong to blade part of the whole with primary blades 1, and the two is also to turn
Dynamic connection.Transverse arm 2 and shaft are directly fixed, and still fixing with upper axis 3 with lower axle 7 can all be needed by design to determine.Outer shaft point
Upper axis 3 and lower axle 7, this is to install 12 convenience of upper bearing (metal), otherwise a bearing will make upper bearing (metal) 12 be difficult to install, upper axis
3 with lower axle 7 be also flanged joint.Wind wheel is the rotor of wind energy conversion system, is the device for wind energy being converted to mechanical energy.Wind wheel leans on column
The support of body 6 and constraint, allow only one freedom degree of wind wheel --- freedom degree rotate around column, do not have in other any directions from
By spending, wind wheel is to realize to be rotatablely connected by lower bearing 11, upper bearing (metal) 12 and cylinder.The load of wind wheel passes through axis in addition to torque
It holds 11, bearing 12 and is transmitted to cylinder 6, cylinder 6 is main load-carrying member.Mechanical torque is passed through gear wheel 8 by the lower axle 7 of rotation
(driving gear) passes to pinion gear 9 (driven gear), drives the rotor power generation of generator 10.When in order to meet maintenance and shut down
The requirement that wind wheel must not rotate is provided with brake 14, coaxial with generator 10, is carried out and is braked by a pair of of gear mesh wind wheel.
Entire wind wheel is fixed on king-post 16 by flange 15.When implementing in order to reinforce transverse arm 2, wire rope inclined-pulling transverse arm 2, drawstring can be used
Fixed point is located at upper axis 3.The swing of leaflet section and brakeage need robot control system(RCS) to control, and can be calculating
Machine system is also possible to other circuits, requires sensor, this is all conventional, universal technology.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of one axis multimachine aerodynamic decelerator single armed of jack-post structure rises resistance and combines vertical axis windmill, by lifting wind wheel and resistance
Type wind wheel, which is coaxially constituted, rises resistance mating type wind wheel；Jack-post structure is made of outer shaft, inner prop and coaxial bearing, cylinder is the liter of rotation
Hinder the supporting member of mating type wind wheel；Deceleration spoiler is constituted by leaflet section (13)；It is made of gear wheel (8) and pinion gear (9)
One one-axis multi-machine speeding mode, generator (10) are fixedly connected with brake (14), it is characterised in that: the lift-type blade
(1) and leaflet section (13), lifting wind wheel is constituted with the horizontal support arm (2) of blade；Upper layer wind scoop (4) and lower layer's wind scoop (5) are constituted
Resistance-type wind wheel, lifting wind wheel and resistance-type wind wheel, which are coaxially fixed on lower axle (7) and are formed to rise, hinders mating type wind wheel；By upper axis
(3) it is directly connected to the outer shaft constituted with lower axle (7), is rotatablely connected with cylinder (6) by upper bearing (metal) (12) and lower bearing (11)
Constitute jack-post structure.
2. rising resistance by one axis multimachine aerodynamic decelerator single armed of jack-post structure described in claim 1 combines vertical axis windmill, special
Sign is that leaflet section (13) is distributed in the upper/lower terminal of primary blades (1), is rotatablely connected with primary blades (1) end, leaflet section (13)
The coincidence relation for being 0 ° with primary blades (1) initial relation, and can be swung in 0~90 ° of range-controlled.
3. rising resistance by one axis multimachine aerodynamic decelerator single armed of jack-post structure described in claim 1 combines vertical axis windmill, special
Sign is that horizontal support arm (2) are horizontally disposed, single arm support blade (1), and the section of horizontal support arm (2) is fairshaped fish shape shape.
4. rising resistance by one axis multimachine aerodynamic decelerator single armed of jack-post structure described in claim 1 combines vertical axis windmill, special
Sign is that generator (10) and lower axle (7) and upper axis (3) be not coaxial, and gear wheel (8) are fixedly mounted in lower axle (7), can drive more
A pinion gear (9), pinion gear (9) are fixedly connected on generator (10).
5. by one axis multimachine vertical axis windmill of jack-post structure as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that by brake (14) with
Generator (10) is coaxially connected.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810238499.8A CN110296041A (en) | 2018-03-22 | 2018-03-22 | One axis multimachine aerodynamic decelerator single armed of jack-post structure rises resistance and combines vertical axis windmill |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810238499.8A CN110296041A (en) | 2018-03-22 | 2018-03-22 | One axis multimachine aerodynamic decelerator single armed of jack-post structure rises resistance and combines vertical axis windmill |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113217272A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-08-06 | 北京城市系统工程研究中心 | Lift-drag composite vertical axis wind turbine unit for wind-solar integrated power generation system |
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