CN110295494B - 一种聚酰亚胺纤维的上浆工艺 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种聚酰亚胺纤维的上浆工艺,所述的上浆工艺包括放丝、预处理、超声清洗、上浆、微波干燥和收卷。本发明通过预处理槽中碱液改变聚酰亚胺纤维表面的微观形貌,使得酰亚胺键部分打开,增加纤维表面的粗糙度和活性基团,然后利用上浆剂中的有效官能团与打开的酰亚胺键发生物理化学反应,加强聚酰亚胺纤维与上浆剂之间的界面粘结性能,提高纤维后期应用的价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种纤维的上浆工艺,特别是涉及到聚酰亚胺纤维的上浆工艺。
背景技术
聚酰亚胺是一种分子中含有酰亚胺键的高分子材料,而聚酰亚胺纤维是聚酰亚胺材料的一种表现形式,也是21世纪以来高新技术纤维材料之一,在航空航天、船舶、汽车、核电、消防等领域都有较为广泛的应用。而新材料的开发往往会遇到各种各样的技术瓶颈,聚酰亚胺纤维也不例外,从上世纪60年代到2015年,聚酰亚胺纤维一直处于强度不高,性能不稳定的状态,而国家对于此新型材料十分重视,江苏先诺新材料科技有限公司于2014年与北京化工大学联合研究,采用原液湿法纺丝技术,生产出强度达到3.5GPa的高强聚酰亚胺纤维,届时世界首例,国际领先。
高强高模聚酰亚胺纤维广泛的应用前景促进了国内聚酰亚胺纤维发展的热潮,但在应用过程中存在着各种各样的界面问题,例如与树脂结合制作复合材料时存在界面不稳定的现象,编织织物过程纤维表面出现毛羽现象,这些问题影响着聚酰亚胺纤维下游产品的应用。因此,对聚酰亚胺纤维的表面改性是亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明公开了一种聚酰亚胺纤维的上浆工艺。
一种聚酰亚胺纤维的上浆工艺,所述的上浆工艺包括放丝、预处理、超声清洗、上浆、微波干燥和收卷。
其中,采用预处理溶液对纤维进行表面刻蚀从而对其改性,所述预处理溶液为氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钙、氢氧化钡、氨水中的一种,优选氢氧化钠,氢氧化钾或氢氧化钙。预处理是对聚酰亚胺纤维做表面微处理,增加表面粗糙度和活性基团数量。
其中,预处理溶液的摩尔浓度为1~10mol/L,优选2~8mol/L;预处理时间为1s~300s,优选20s~180s,预处理温度为20~60℃,优选30℃。
预处理后的纤维进入超声清洗槽进行清洗,清洗纤维至清洗液呈现中性。清洗目的在于洗掉纤维表面的刻蚀液,使纤维呈现中性状态进入下一步工艺,清洗液为去离子水。
上浆步骤中所使用的上浆液包括:编织所用耐磨涂层上浆剂、增加与复合材料界面结合力的功能上浆剂、抵抗辐照性能的抗紫外上浆剂、提高集束性能的集束剂、防水涂层上浆剂,纺织捻纱专用上浆剂。其中,功能上浆剂包括和以下树脂结合的上浆剂类型:环氧、氰酸酯、聚氨酯、酚醛、有机硅、脲醛、聚酰胺、聚酰胺酸、聚酰亚胺等上浆剂类型。
上浆剂为编织所用耐磨涂层上浆剂时,上浆剂质量浓度为1~30%,优选1~15%;上浆时间为2s~120s,优选3s~60s,上浆过程溶液温度20~40℃,优选30℃;
上浆剂为与复材结合的功能上浆剂时,上浆剂质量浓度为0.1~15%,优选0.5~8%;上浆时间为2s~120s,优选5s~30s,上浆过程溶液温度20~35℃,优选30℃;
上浆剂为集束剂时,上浆剂质量浓度为0.1~30%,优选0.1~8%;上浆时间为5s~60s,优选10-30s,上浆过程溶液温度20~60℃,优选30℃;
上浆剂为抗紫外上浆剂或防水涂层上浆剂时,上浆剂质量浓度为0.1~30%,优选0.4~10%;上浆时间5s~60s,优选10-30s,上浆过程溶液温度20~60℃,优选30℃;
上浆剂为纺织捻纱专用上浆剂时,上浆剂质量浓度为0.1~30%,优选0.5~10%;上浆时间5s~60s,优选10-30s,上浆过程溶液温度20~60℃,优选30℃。
微波干燥的干燥温度为60~240℃,优选120~230℃;干燥时间为20~300s,优选60~180s。
本发明的有益效果在于:采用上述上浆工艺,大大改善了纤维的表面性能,解决编织过程纤维不耐磨的不足,以及与复合材料之间结合的界面问题,提高了纤维抗紫外的能力,增强了纤维捻纱过程纤维间的抱合力。同等测试条件下,上浆纤维与未上浆纤维对比,上浆后纤维的耐磨性能提高200~500倍,将其制成复材后剪切强度提高1.5倍以上,将未上浆纤维捻纱后纱线强度提高10%以上;在同等紫外测试条件下上浆纤维比未上浆纤维,强度保持率要高10%以上。可见采用本发明的上浆工艺,通过预处理槽中碱液改变聚酰亚胺纤维表面的微观形貌,使得酰亚胺键部分打开,增加纤维表面的粗糙度和活性基团,然后利用上浆剂中的有效官能团与打开的酰亚胺键发生物理化学反应,加强聚酰亚胺纤维与上浆剂之间的界面粘结性能,提高纤维后期应用的价值。
附图说明
图1是聚酰亚胺纤维上浆工艺流程图
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式,进一步阐述本发明。
实施例1
一种聚酰亚胺纤维的上浆工艺,采用有机硅耐磨型上浆工艺,以1500D聚酰亚胺纤维为标准,具体工艺步骤如下:
纤维由放丝架放丝进入6mol/L的氢氧化钾预处理溶液,在氢氧化钾预处理溶液中对纤维进行表面刻蚀从而对其改性,预处理时间为40s,预处理温度为30℃。然后进入超声清洗槽,清洗纤维至清洗液呈现中性。再经上浆槽,采用编织所用有机硅上浆剂进行上浆,其中上浆剂浓度为1wt%;上浆时间为10s,上浆过程溶液温度为30℃。然后经滤浆槽滤出后进行微波干燥,干燥温度选择220℃,干燥时间为120s,最后收卷。
技术效果:上浆后纤维的耐磨次数提高200倍。
实施例2
一种聚酰亚胺纤维的上浆工艺,采用与环氧树脂结合的环氧上浆工艺,以1500D聚酰亚胺纤维为标准,具体工艺步骤如下:
纤维由放丝架放丝进入8mol/L的氢氧化钠预处理溶液,在氢氧化钠预处理溶液中对纤维进行表面刻蚀从而对其改性,预处理时间为40s,预处理温度为40℃。
然后进入超声清洗槽,清洗纤维至清洗液呈现中性,再经上浆槽,采用环氧类上浆剂进行上浆,其中上浆剂浓度为1wt%,上浆时间为20s,上浆过程溶液温度为35℃。然后经滤浆槽滤出后进行微波干燥,干燥温度选择240℃,干燥时间为80s,最后收卷。
技术效果:上浆后纤维与环氧树脂结合的复合材料料剪切强度提高近2倍。
实施例3
一种聚酰亚胺纤维的上浆工艺,采用集束上浆工艺,以1500D聚酰亚胺纤维为标准,具体工艺步骤如下:
纤维由放丝架放丝进入2mol/L的氨水预处理溶液,在氨水预处理溶液中对纤维进行表面刻蚀从而对其改性,预处理时间为60s,预处理温度为35℃。然后进入超声清洗槽,清洗纤维至清洗液呈现中性,再经上浆槽,采用集束型上浆剂PVA进行上浆,其中上浆剂浓度为1.5wt%,上浆时间为30s,上浆过程溶液温度为50℃。然后经滤浆槽滤出后进行微波干燥,干燥温度选择80℃,干燥时间为300s,最后收卷。
技术效果:上浆后纤维丝束集中在一起,达到完全的集束效果,通过耐磨性能测试得出耐磨次数提高300倍。
实施例4
一种聚酰亚胺纤维的上浆工艺,采用抗紫外上浆工艺,以1500D聚酰亚胺纤维为标准,具体工艺步骤如下:
纤维由放丝架放丝进入5mol/L的氢氧化钾预处理溶液,在氢氧化钾预处理溶液中对纤维进行表面刻蚀从而对其改性,预处理时间为20s,预处理温度为20℃。然后进入超声清洗槽,清洗纤维至清洗液呈现中性,再经上浆槽,采用抗紫外型上浆剂进行上浆,其中上浆剂浓度为0.2wt%,上浆时间为8s,上浆过程溶液温度为60℃。然后经滤浆槽滤出后进行微波干燥,干燥温度选择200℃,干燥时间为150s,最后收卷。
技术效果:上浆后纤维在同等紫外条件下,测得上浆纤维的强度比未上浆处理纤维强度保持率高10%。
实施例5
一种聚酰亚胺纤维的上浆工艺,采用捻纱上浆工艺,以1500D聚酰亚胺纤维为标准,具体工艺步骤如下:
纤维由放丝架放丝进入6mol/L的氢氧化钾预处理溶液,在氢氧化钾预处理溶液中对纤维进行表面刻蚀从而对其改性,预处理时间为30s,预处理温度为35℃。然后进入超声清洗槽,清洗纤维至清洗液呈现中性,再经上浆槽,采用捻纱型上浆剂进行上浆,其中上浆剂浓度为1.5wt%,上浆时间为30s,上浆过程溶液温度为40℃。然后经滤浆槽滤出后进行微波干燥,干燥温度选择220℃,干燥时间为90s,最后收卷。
技术效果:上浆后纤维在同等捻纱条件下测得强度比未上浆纤维高20%。
实施例6
本实施例按照实施例1的上浆工艺,不同的是,改变上浆剂浓度为12wt%,上浆时间为60s。
技术效果:上浆后纤维的耐磨次数提高500倍。
实施例7
本实施例按照实施例1的上浆工艺,不同的是,改变干燥温度为200℃,干燥时间为60s。
技术效果:上浆后纤维的耐磨次数提高330倍。
实施例8
本实施例按照实施例2的上浆工艺,不同的是,改变上浆剂浓度为5wt%,上浆时间为30s。
技术效果:上浆后纤维与环氧树脂结合的复合材料剪切强度比未上浆提高1.5倍。
实施例9
本实施例按照实施例4的上浆工艺,不同的是,改变上浆剂浓度2wt%,上浆时间20s,上浆过程温度为30℃。
技术效果:上浆后纤维比未上浆纤维在同等紫外条件下强度保持率高20%。
通过上述实施例可以看出,采用本发明的上浆工艺,能够显著改善纤维的强度、抗紫外等性能,同时通过优化上浆浓度、时间、温度,干燥温度、时间等工艺参数,能够得到最佳性能的上浆纤维。
显然,本发明的上述实施方式仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例,而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。凡是属于本发明的技术方案所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明的保护范围之列。
Claims (6)
1.一种聚酰亚胺纤维的上浆工艺,其特征在于,所述的上浆工艺包括放丝、预处理、超声清洗、上浆、微波干燥和收卷;其中,采用预处理溶液对纤维进行表面刻蚀从而对其改性,所述预处理溶液为氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钙、氢氧化钡、氨水中的一种;预处理溶液的摩尔浓度为1~10mol/L;预处理时间为1s~300s,预处理温度为20~60℃;预处理后的纤维进入超声清洗槽进行清洗,清洗纤维至清洗液呈现中性;
上浆步骤中所使用的上浆液为:编织所用耐磨涂层上浆剂、增加与复合材料界面结合力的功能上浆剂、抵抗辐照性能的抗紫外上浆剂、提高集束性能的集束剂、防水涂层上浆剂或纺织捻纱专用上浆剂;
上浆剂为编织所用耐磨涂层上浆剂时,上浆剂质量浓度为1~30%;上浆时间为2s~120s,上浆过程溶液温度20~40℃;
上浆剂为与复材结合的功能上浆剂时,上浆剂质量浓度为0.1~15%;上浆时间为2s~120s,上浆过程溶液温度20~35℃;
上浆剂为集束剂时,上浆剂质量浓度为0.1~30%;上浆时间为5s~60s,上浆过程溶液温度20~60℃;
上浆剂为抗紫外上浆剂或防水涂层上浆剂时,上浆剂质量浓度为0.1~30%;上浆时间5s~60s,上浆过程溶液温度20~60℃;
上浆剂为纺织捻纱专用上浆剂时,上浆剂质量浓度为0.1~30%;上浆时间5s~60s,上浆过程溶液温度20~60℃。
2.如权利要求1所述的上浆工艺,其特征在于,所述预处理溶液为氢氧化钠,氢氧化钾或氢氧化钙。
3.根据权利要求1所述的上浆工艺,其特征在于,预处理溶液的摩尔浓度为2~8mol/L;预处理时间为20s~180s,预处理温度为30℃。
4.根据权利要求1所述的上浆工艺,其特征在于,上浆剂为编织所用耐磨涂层上浆剂时,上浆剂质量浓度为1~15%;上浆时间为3s~60s,上浆过程溶液温度30℃;
上浆剂为与复材结合的功能上浆剂时,上浆剂质量浓度为0.5~8%;上浆时间为5s~30s,上浆过程溶液温度30℃;
上浆剂为集束剂时,上浆剂质量浓度为0.1~8%;上浆时间为10-30s,上浆过程溶液温度30℃;
上浆剂为抗紫外上浆剂或防水涂层上浆剂时,上浆剂质量浓度为0.4~10%;上浆时间10-30s,上浆过程溶液温度30℃;
上浆剂为纺织捻纱专用上浆剂时,上浆剂质量浓度为0.5~10%;上浆时间10-30s,上浆过程溶液温度30℃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的上浆工艺,其特征在于,微波干燥的干燥温度为60~240℃;干燥时间为20~300s。
6.根据权利要求5所述的上浆工艺,其特征在于,微波干燥的干燥温度为120~230℃;干燥时间为60~180s。
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