CN110291878B - Planting method of zinc-rich alfalfa, zinc-rich alfalfa feed additive and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Planting method of zinc-rich alfalfa, zinc-rich alfalfa feed additive and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110291878B CN110291878B CN201910620291.7A CN201910620291A CN110291878B CN 110291878 B CN110291878 B CN 110291878B CN 201910620291 A CN201910620291 A CN 201910620291A CN 110291878 B CN110291878 B CN 110291878B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method of zinc-rich alfalfa, which comprises the following steps: the alfalfa is cultivated according to a conventional method, and when the alfalfa grows for one year, a disodium EDTA zinc solution is sprayed into soil, 8 parts per morning: 00-10: 00, spraying the alfalfa, not spraying the alfalfa in rainy days, spraying the alfalfa for 30 days in the same conventional cultivation management measures during spraying, and then harvesting. Meanwhile, the invention also discloses a zinc-rich alfalfa feed additive, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in feeding dairy cows. According to the planting method of zinc-rich alfalfa, provided by the invention, the organic zinc EDTA disodium zinc is highly enriched in alfalfa bodies, and finally, the feed additive prepared by the distribution and combination of the leaves, roots and stems of the alfalfa obtained through planting can improve the zinc content in milk.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of alfalfa, and particularly relates to a planting method of zinc-rich alfalfa, a zinc-rich alfalfa feed additive, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Zinc is a common nonferrous metal, is silvery white with light blue, is second only to iron, aluminum and copper, and belongs to the fourth "common" metal. Zinc is one of the essential trace elements of organisms and is also an essential nutrient element for the growth and development of plants, and zinc promotes the growth and development of crops, improves the seed maturation rate, promotes the formation of callus, pollinates and fertilizes, improves the thousand seed weight and has obvious effect on the increase of the crop yield. Can be enriched in plants, enter the food chain and be transferred into human and animal bodies through the food chain.
Zinc in nature is widely distributed, and zinc in soil mainly comes from parent substance. Therefore, the regional distribution pattern of the zinc content of regional soil has certain spatial similarity with the distribution of the parent soil. Because the zinc content of the soil is different to a certain extent, the zinc content of the soil in China is 3-790 mu g/g, and the average content is 100 mu g/g. The leaching migration characteristics of zinc elements in soil among different levels on a section plane are that perennial rainfall is large in the Hainan region of China, perennial rainfall is small in the hilly region of the mountainous region of the southeast of China, soil erosion phenomena are prone to occurring, soil fine particle substances are prone to erosion and transportation, the soil is deposited in the soil of the plain region of the northwest of China, soil clay grains are prone to adsorbing soil trace elements, about 30% of cultivated lands in the world lack Zn, researches indicate that the pH value in the soil has direct influence on the zinc content, the pH value in the soil of the north is high, the soil is calcareous, the zinc content is 78 mu g/g, and the zinc content is obviously lower than the average zinc content value of the whole country. The pH profile in the soil is therefore also a factor in the zinc content distribution of the soil. In addition, chemical fertilizers and pesticides applied to the farmland soil are also a core source influencing heavy metal elements in the farmland soil, and since the 20 th century and the 90 s, the long-term chemical fertilizer input amount of the farmland is rapidly increased, the soil zinc accumulation amount caused by agricultural activities is obviously increased, and the complexity of the spatial distribution of the soil zinc accumulation is increased. Therefore, how to plant zinc-rich crops and improve the enrichment amount of zinc in the crops has great significance for people to obtain zinc-rich raw materials.
Alfalfa (C)Medicago sativaL.) perennial herbaceous plants of the genus Medicago of the subfamily Papilionaceae, have the characteristics of large biomass, developed root system, strong stress resistance, rich nutrition and the like, are mainly used as pasture or processed into livestock feed at present and have the reputation of the king of pasture. Alfalfa is a good leguminous forage for many years and originates from places such as Xiaoyaxia and Waogaokao. The alfalfa has the characteristics of wide adaptability, high yield, good quality, strong palatability, rich protein, vitamin and mineral nutrition, high feeding value and the like, and is named as the king of pasture. It has the advantages of one-time planting for many years, less investment, quick effect and wind powerThe method has the advantages of small risk, good development prospect and the like, and has an extremely important position in the ecological and economic construction of developing northwest China currently. The alfalfa becomes an irreplaceable strategic guarantee forage grass for the development of agriculture and animal husbandry in China.
The zinc deficiency of soil is the root cause of the zinc deficiency of food chain, zinc-rich plants are produced as zinc source for additives, the byproducts can be used as feed additives of main animals, and the main animal food in China is promoted to have proper zinc content, so that the aim of supplementing zinc is finally achieved through the soil-plant-animal-human food chain. At present, plants are rich in zinc by applying zinc fertilizer to soil, inorganic zinc is generally applied, the final absorption efficiency is low, the zinc enrichment amount in alfalfa bodies is small, and soil pollution can be caused when the inorganic zinc usage amount is large. The alfalfa is often used as a raw material of the feed additive for the dairy cows, but the alfalfa whole plant is directly used, so that the zinc content in the produced milk is still low, and how to increase the zinc content in the milk after the dairy cows eat the feed additive for the alfalfa is of great significance to the production of zinc-rich milk.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a planting method of zinc-rich alfalfa, a zinc-rich alfalfa feed additive, a preparation method and application thereof.
A planting method of zinc-rich alfalfa comprises the following steps:
the alfalfa is cultivated according to a conventional method, and when the alfalfa grows for one year, a disodium EDTA zinc solution is sprayed into soil, 8 parts per morning: 00-10: 00, spraying the zinc-rich alfalfa, wherein the zinc-rich alfalfa is not sprayed in rainy days, the cultivation and management measures of the alfalfa during spraying are the same as those of the conventional alfalfa, spraying the zinc-rich alfalfa for 30 days, and then harvesting the zinc-rich alfalfa.
Preferably, the concentration of the EDTA disodium zinc solution is 50-200 mg/kg.
Preferably, the spraying amount of the EDTA disodium zinc solution is 200-500 mg/mu land.
The zinc-rich alfalfa feed additive is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight:
90-95 parts of zinc-rich alfalfa leaves, 60-65 parts of zinc-rich alfalfa roots and 70-80 parts of zinc-rich alfalfa stems, wherein the zinc-rich alfalfa leaves, the zinc-rich alfalfa roots and the zinc-rich alfalfa stems are all taken from the zinc-rich alfalfa.
The preparation method of the zinc-rich alfalfa feed additive comprises the following steps: separating the leaves, roots and stems of the zinc-rich alfalfa to obtain the zinc-rich alfalfa leaves, the zinc-rich alfalfa roots and the zinc-rich alfalfa stems respectively, air-drying or sun-drying, pulverizing, sieving with a 500-mesh sieve, and mixing.
The application of the zinc-rich alfalfa feed additive specifically comprises the following steps: the zinc-rich alfalfa feed additive is added into conventional feed and fed to dairy cows according to a conventional method, wherein the daily addition amount of the zinc-rich alfalfa feed additive is 8% of the weight of the dairy cows.
The invention has the advantages that:
according to the planting method of zinc-rich alfalfa, provided by the invention, the organic zinc EDTA disodium zinc is highly enriched in alfalfa bodies, and finally, the feed additive prepared by the distribution and combination of the leaves, roots and stems of the alfalfa obtained through planting can improve the zinc content in milk.
Detailed Description
Example 1
1. A planting method of zinc-rich alfalfa comprises the following steps:
the alfalfa is cultivated according to the conventional method, when the alfalfa grows for one year, the EDTA disodium zinc solution with the concentration of 50-200 mg/kg is sprayed into the soil, the spraying amount is 200-500 mg/mu of land, and 8 in the morning every day: 00-10: 00, spraying the zinc-rich alfalfa, wherein the zinc-rich alfalfa is not sprayed in rainy days, the cultivation and management measures of the alfalfa during spraying are the same as those of the conventional alfalfa, spraying the zinc-rich alfalfa for 30 days, and then harvesting the zinc-rich alfalfa.
2. The zinc-rich alfalfa feed additive is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight:
90-95 parts of zinc-rich alfalfa leaves, 60-65 parts of zinc-rich alfalfa roots and 70-80 parts of zinc-rich alfalfa stems, wherein the zinc-rich alfalfa leaves, the zinc-rich alfalfa roots and the zinc-rich alfalfa stems are all taken from the zinc-rich alfalfa.
3. The preparation method of the zinc-rich alfalfa feed additive comprises the following steps: separating the leaves, roots and stems of the zinc-rich alfalfa to obtain the zinc-rich alfalfa leaves, the zinc-rich alfalfa roots and the zinc-rich alfalfa stems respectively, air-drying or sun-drying, pulverizing, sieving with a 500-mesh sieve, and mixing.
Example 2
A planting method of zinc-rich alfalfa comprises the following steps:
the alfalfa is cultivated according to the conventional method, when the alfalfa grows for one year, a disodium zinc EDTA solution with the concentration of 50 mg/kg is sprayed into the soil, the spraying amount is 200 mg/mu of land, and 8 parts per morning: 00-10: 00, spraying the zinc-rich alfalfa, wherein the zinc-rich alfalfa is not sprayed in rainy days, the cultivation and management measures of the alfalfa during spraying are the same as those of the conventional alfalfa, spraying the zinc-rich alfalfa for 30 days, and then harvesting the zinc-rich alfalfa.
Example 3
A planting method of zinc-rich alfalfa comprises the following steps:
the alfalfa is cultivated according to the conventional method, when the alfalfa grows for one year, a disodium zinc EDTA solution with the concentration of 150 mg/kg is sprayed into the soil, the spraying amount is 300 mg/mu of land, and 8 parts per morning: 00-10: 00, spraying the zinc-rich alfalfa, wherein the zinc-rich alfalfa is not sprayed in rainy days, the cultivation and management measures of the alfalfa during spraying are the same as those of the conventional alfalfa, spraying the zinc-rich alfalfa for 30 days, and then harvesting the zinc-rich alfalfa.
Example 4
A planting method of zinc-rich alfalfa comprises the following steps:
the alfalfa is cultivated according to the conventional method, when the alfalfa grows for one year, the EDTA disodium zinc solution with the concentration of 200 mg/kg is sprayed into the soil, the spraying amount is 500 mg/mu of land, and 8 parts per morning: 00-10: 00, spraying the zinc-rich alfalfa, wherein the zinc-rich alfalfa is not sprayed in rainy days, the cultivation and management measures of the alfalfa during spraying are the same as those of the conventional alfalfa, spraying the zinc-rich alfalfa for 30 days, and then harvesting the zinc-rich alfalfa.
Example 5
The zinc-rich alfalfa feed additive is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight:
90 parts of zinc-rich alfalfa leaves, 60 parts of zinc-rich alfalfa roots and 70 parts of zinc-rich alfalfa stems, wherein the zinc-rich alfalfa leaves, the zinc-rich alfalfa roots and the zinc-rich alfalfa stems are all taken from the zinc-rich alfalfa in the embodiment 2.
The preparation method of the zinc-rich alfalfa feed additive comprises the following steps: separating the leaves, roots and stems of the zinc-rich alfalfa to obtain the zinc-rich alfalfa leaves, the zinc-rich alfalfa roots and the zinc-rich alfalfa stems respectively, air-drying or sun-drying, pulverizing, sieving with a 500-mesh sieve, and mixing.
Example 6
The zinc-rich alfalfa feed additive is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight:
95 parts of zinc-rich alfalfa leaves, 65 parts of zinc-rich alfalfa roots and 80 parts of zinc-rich alfalfa stems, wherein the zinc-rich alfalfa leaves, the zinc-rich alfalfa roots and the zinc-rich alfalfa stems are all taken from the zinc-rich alfalfa in embodiment 3.
The preparation method of the zinc-rich alfalfa feed additive is the same as that in example 5.
Example 7
The zinc-rich alfalfa feed additive is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight:
95 parts of zinc-rich alfalfa leaves, 65 parts of zinc-rich alfalfa roots and 75 parts of zinc-rich alfalfa stems, wherein the zinc-rich alfalfa leaves, the zinc-rich alfalfa roots and the zinc-rich alfalfa stems are all taken from the zinc-rich alfalfa in embodiment 4.
The preparation method of the zinc-rich alfalfa feed additive is the same as that in example 5.
Example 8
The zinc-rich alfalfa feed additive is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight:
92 parts of zinc-rich alfalfa leaves, 62 parts of zinc-rich alfalfa roots and 75 parts of zinc-rich alfalfa stems, wherein the zinc-rich alfalfa leaves, the zinc-rich alfalfa roots and the zinc-rich alfalfa stems are all taken from the zinc-rich alfalfa in the embodiment 3.
The preparation method of the zinc-rich alfalfa feed additive is the same as that in example 5.
Example 9
The zinc-rich alfalfa feed additive is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight:
90 parts of zinc-rich alfalfa leaves, 60 parts of zinc-rich alfalfa roots and 70 parts of zinc-rich alfalfa stems, wherein the zinc-rich alfalfa leaves, the zinc-rich alfalfa roots and the zinc-rich alfalfa stems are all taken from the zinc-rich alfalfa in embodiment 4.
The preparation method of the zinc-rich alfalfa feed additive is the same as that in example 5.
Comparative examples 1 to 3
The disodium zinc EDTA solutions of examples 2 to 4 were replaced with zinc sulfate solutions of the same concentration, respectively, corresponding to comparative examples 1 to 3, respectively.
Comparative example 4
The zinc-rich alfalfa feed additive is obtained by taking the whole alfalfa planted in the example 4 as a raw material, airing or drying in the sun, crushing, sieving with a 500-mesh sieve and mixing.
Accumulation of zinc
1. The accumulation of zinc in the leaves, stems and roots of alfalfa in comparative examples 1-3 of examples 2-4 was examined and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 accumulation of Zinc (unit: mg/kg)
As can be seen from Table 1, the method provided by the invention has high zinc enrichment in the planted alfalfa.
Second, application
The application of the zinc-rich alfalfa feed additive specifically comprises the following steps: the zinc-rich alfalfa feed additive is added into conventional feed and fed to dairy cows according to a conventional method, wherein the daily addition amount of the zinc-rich alfalfa feed additive is 8% of the weight of the dairy cows. The zinc-rich milk can be produced after continuous feeding for 5 days. The zinc content in the milk produced after 5 days of feeding by the method was determined and the results are shown in table 2. The weight of each tested cow group has no obvious difference, and the feeding method is the same.
TABLE 2 milk Zinc content
As can be seen from Table 2, the milk cow feed additive prepared from the alfalfa provided by the invention has high zinc content in milk after being fed to milk cows.
Claims (1)
1. The application of the zinc-rich alfalfa feed additive is characterized in that: the zinc-rich alfalfa feed additive is added into a conventional feed and fed to a cow according to a conventional method, wherein the daily addition amount of the zinc-rich alfalfa feed additive is 8% of the weight of the cow;
wherein the zinc-rich alfalfa feed additive comprises the following raw materials: 90-95 parts of zinc-rich alfalfa leaves, 60-65 parts of zinc-rich alfalfa roots and 70-80 parts of zinc-rich alfalfa stems, wherein the zinc-rich alfalfa leaves, the zinc-rich alfalfa roots and the zinc-rich alfalfa stems are all taken from the zinc-rich alfalfa;
the zinc-rich alfalfa is planted according to the following planting method:
the alfalfa is cultivated according to a conventional method, and when the alfalfa grows for one year, a disodium EDTA zinc solution is sprayed into soil, 8 parts per morning: 00-10: 00, spraying the zinc-rich alfalfa, wherein the zinc-rich alfalfa is not sprayed in rainy days, the cultivation and management measures of the alfalfa are the same as the conventional ones in the spraying period, spraying the zinc-rich alfalfa for 30 days, and then harvesting the zinc-rich alfalfa;
wherein the concentration of the EDTA disodium zinc solution is 50-200 mg/kg;
wherein the spraying amount of the EDTA disodium zinc solution is 200-500 mg/mu land;
the preparation method of the zinc-rich alfalfa feed additive comprises the following steps: separating the leaves, roots and stems of the zinc-rich alfalfa to obtain the zinc-rich alfalfa leaves, the zinc-rich alfalfa roots and the zinc-rich alfalfa stems respectively, air-drying or sun-drying, pulverizing, sieving with a 500-mesh sieve, and mixing.
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