CN110290084A - A kind of blind symbol timing synchronization method of short wave channel based on data frequency energy peak - Google Patents
A kind of blind symbol timing synchronization method of short wave channel based on data frequency energy peak Download PDFInfo
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- CN110290084A CN110290084A CN201910599293.2A CN201910599293A CN110290084A CN 110290084 A CN110290084 A CN 110290084A CN 201910599293 A CN201910599293 A CN 201910599293A CN 110290084 A CN110290084 A CN 110290084A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/0014—Carrier regulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
- H04L27/2655—Synchronisation arrangements
- H04L27/2662—Symbol synchronisation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/0014—Carrier regulation
- H04L2027/0024—Carrier regulation at the receiver end
- H04L2027/0026—Correction of carrier offset
Abstract
A kind of disclosure of the invention short wave channel based on data frequency energy peak blind symbol timing synchronization method belongs to the sign synchronization technical field in wireless communication.The present invention is under frequency selective fading short wave channel, and without knowing that signal sends frequency point, Symbol Timing can be completed using the method that on-fixed frequency point maximum peak is searched for.This programme is conducive to fight the bad transmission characteristics such as frequency excursion, realizes the accurate positionin to symbol optimum sampling position.Simulation result shows: in the Selective Fading Channel for having multipath and frequency deviation, this programme is still able to maintain higher accuracy rate to the estimation of Symbol Timing position.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the sign synchronization technical field in wirelessly communicating, propose under a kind of short wave channel, based on Fu in short-term
In leaf transformation (DSTFT) and frequency energy peaks search, anti-multipath frequency deviation, complexity are small, accuracy is higher, and be not necessarily to signal
The blind symbol timing synchronization method of prior information.
Background technique
In communication process, the accuracy of sign synchronization will directly affect the demodulation effect of signal, be signal reception processing
When one of most important link.And there is multidiameter delay, Doppler frequency shift and frequency selective fading etc. are many for short wave channel
Problem, quality is extremely unstable, frequently be viability stronger FSK modulation mode and short burst signal form, so this
Just no small difficulty is more added for sign synchronization.
Common more mature signal code Self-synchronous algorithm is divided into three classes: first kind Phase Locked Loop Synchronization method, utilizes timing
Error detecting algorithm adds loop filter to extract the phase information in signal, then by adjusting sampling clock, feedback and tracking,
Constantly error is reduced until completing the locking of signal.But signal transmitted in shortwave time varying channel in generally existing frequency shift (FS)
And phase fluctuation, and the quick random variation of multidiameter delay, receiver are difficult that phase is accurately estimated and tracked.The
Two classes are the synchronous method based on Higher Order Cumulants, and no a large amount of of second-order statistic (power spectrum and correlation function) are utilized in it
Abundant information effectively can examine and characterize the cyclo-stationary in signal, and inhibit noise, but this method needs are larger
Computation complexity and sufficient observation data, thus be not suitable for the sign synchronization of the short burst form of short wave channel.Third class is
The methods of differential detection, short-time zero-crossing rate, such methods are to noise-sensitive, and effect is when having frequency selective fading and multipath
It has a greatly reduced quality in the short wave communication prolonged.In addition to this, a kind of sign synchronization based on signal transient frequency spectrum is had also appeared in recent years
Method, such as spectrum peak calculating method, spectral peak ratio method, maximum peak search method etc., such methods combine the spy of fsk signal
Sign, reduces the complexity of sign synchronization, but they must the known frequency for sending signal, be also easy under short wave channel by
The influence of frequency shift (FS) and noise.Fixed frequency point maximum peak search method therein is under different moments at known signal frequency point
Peak-peak, to determine that sign synchronization position and the present invention program focus on the algorithm being compared.
Summary of the invention
The present invention creatively combines the analysis means and time varying spectrum feature of Short Time Fourier Transform, utilizes on-fixed frequency
The maximum peak of point is searched for complete timing synchronization.Sliding number is set as the sampling number of a symbol, then was being slided
Cheng Zhongbi crosses over symbol, so this programme is not necessarily to know transmission signal frequency point, the frequency content occurred after need to only tracking, and search for
It corresponds to peak position.Since complicated channel acts on, the frequency content of receiving end signal may and when non-genuine transmission
The frequency point of signal, but biggish offset has occurred, the sign synchronization of this programme does not depend on transmission signal frequency point, so relatively fixed
Frequency point maximum peak search method has better anti-deviation capability.
Program simulated channel characterizes the decline of the fading process and another characterization reflection path of directapath by one
The combination of process models, and receiving signal includes two paths ingredients, MFSK suitable for frequency selective fading short wave channel
Modulation and short burst signal form, algorithm complexity is smaller, has certain anti-deviation capability, and required information only has symbol speed
Rate, sample frequency are the symbol timing synchronization methods without knowing other prior informations.Simulation result shows to select in multipath frequency
Property fading channel under, which can effectively realize the accurate timing of sign synchronization, and performance is relatively capable of fixing the search of frequency point maximum peak
Method is more excellent.
Technical scheme is as follows:
Determine 5 sliding base positions, it is desirable that every secondary standard position adjacent spaces are a symbol lengths.Each base
Level is set down, and holding length of window is a symbol, is slided using sampled point as step-length to observation window, until sliding overall length is
One symbol.Sliding every time obtains the time varying spectrum of data in window using Short Time Fourier Transform, records peak value and its corresponding frequency
Point.In the not unique situation of peak value frequency point, using the peak-peak moment corresponding to the peak value frequency point occurred after in sliding as
Sliding number under this base position.The mean value of 5 sliding numbers is calculated, then benchmark position adds sliding number mean value to be most
Whole Symbol Timing position.
The present invention is that the time varying spectrum maximum peak search symbol under a kind of short wave channel, based on Short Time Fourier Transform is synchronous
Method, algorithm flow is as shown in Fig. 2, and technical solution is a kind of blind symbol of short wave channel based on data frequency energy peak
Synchronous method, this method comprises:
Step 1 obtains r (l), l=1,2 after sampling to reception signal r (t) with sample frequency Fs ... N, N are indicated per all the way
Data length, then acquire by known character rate Symr and sample frequency Fs the sampling number Nsamp in a symbol；With
Any position Pst (n) in signal segment, n=1 indicate the number of current base location with n as first time sign synchronization benchmark,
Wherein 1≤n≤5 take 5 sub-symbol synchronous bases in total；
Step 2, since base position, with the window Analysis on Selecting data of length fl=Nsamp:
{r1(m),r2(m),...rfn(m), m=1,2 ..., fl }, it is slided every time using a sampled point as step-length,
Sampled point sliding number is indicated with i, wherein 1≤i≤Nsamp, is slided Nsamp times, total window number fn=Nsamp in total；
Step 3, the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) that respectively data in each window are done with fl point, modulus are worth energy spectrum: Yi(k),
I=1,2 ..., fn；K=1,2 ..., fl, and obtain frequency spectrum collection f (k), k=1,2 ..., fl；Due to symmetry, only
Take half: energy spectrum Yi(k), i=1,2 ..., fn；Frequency spectrum integrates as f (k),
Step 4, in energy spectrum Yi(k) peak-peak Mp is found ini, i=1,2 ..., fn,
And corresponding frequency spectrum wire size fmi, i=1, the corresponding frequency of peak-peak is calculated in 2...f, n
If step 5, Mpfi, i=1,2 ..., fn is entirely equal, then S (n)=0, goes to step 6；If Mpfi, i=1,
2 ..., fn is not all equal, two different frequencies must occurs, is f by the frequency occurred after window sliding sequence；It finds and meets
Peak-peak frequency MpfiManifold Φ secondary equal to the sliding of frequency f condition=i | Mpfi=f&1≤i≤fn }, in sliding number
Peak value maximum point Mp=max (Mpi), corresponding sliding points S (n) of i ∈ Φ, 1≤n≤5, i.e., with position Pst are found in collection Φ
(n) the sliding sampling number on the basis of；
If step 6, n≤4, change base position is Pst (n+1)=Pst (n)+Nsamp, 1≤n≤4, as (n+1)th
Sub-symbol synchronous base position, goes to step 2；Otherwise 7 are gone to step；
Step 7 has been obtained sliding sampling number S (n) by 5 distinct symbols base positions, and 1≤n≤5 calculate average sliding
Dynamic sampling numberWhereinIt is not 0 number for S (n)；The timing of final sign synchronization
Position is Pos (n)=Pst (n)+Saver,1≤n≤5。
Beneficial effect of the present invention are as follows: under frequency selective fading short wave channel, without knowing that signal sends frequency point, benefit
Symbol Timing can be completed with the method that on-fixed frequency point maximum peak is searched for.This programme is conducive to fight frequency excursion
Etc. bad transmission characteristic, the accurate positionin to symbol optimum sampling position is realized.Simulation result shows: having multipath and frequency deviation
In Selective Fading Channel, this programme is still able to maintain higher accuracy rate to the estimation of Symbol Timing position.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is shortwave ionosphere channel pattern block diagram；
Fig. 2 is that the present invention is based on the flow charts of the blind sign synchronization of the short wave channel of data frequency energy peak；
Fig. 3 is the Symbol Timing absolute error comparison diagram of the present invention program and fixed frequency point maximum peak search method；
Fig. 4 is the error performance comparison diagram of the present invention program and fixed frequency point maximum peak search method.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, technical solution of the present invention is described in detail.But it is above-mentioned that this should not be interpreted as to the present invention
The range of main body is only limitted to following embodiment, all to be all belonged to the scope of the present invention based on the technology that the content of present invention is realized.
Simulation parameter is provided that
By taking 2FSK modulated signal as an example, if character rate Symr=125sps and sample frequency Fs=9600Hz, a symbol
Sampling number Nsamp=77 in number.The simulated channel of selection is the noisy frequency selective fading channels of middle latitude, channel
Model is as shown in Figure 2.Assuming that input signal: s (t)=cos (2 π ft) or s (t)=ej2πft.τ is multidiameter delay, fdFor most mostly
General Le frequency displacement,The fading characteristic of short wave channel is described, is to obey the time-varying that mean value is the distribution of zero multiple Gauss to decline
Coefficient is fallen, two variances are equal, then output signal:
Steps are as follows for the signal-timing method searched for using on-fixed frequency point maximum peak:
Step 1, to receive signal r (t) with after sample frequency 9600Hz sampling { r (l), l=1,2 ... N }, N are indicated
Per data length all the way, then acquire by known character rate 125sps and sample frequency 9600Hz the sampling in a symbol
Points 77.It indicates to work as first time sign synchronization benchmark, with n (1≤n≤5) with any position Pst (n) in signal segment, n=1
The number of preceding base position takes 5 sub-symbol synchronous bases in total.
Step 2, since base position, with the window Analysis on Selecting data of length fl=Nsamp:
{r1(m),r2(m),...r77(m), m=1,2 ..., 77 }, it is slided every time using a sampled point as step-length,
Sampled point slides number and is indicated with i (1≤i≤77), slides 77 times in total, so total window number fn=77.
Step 3, the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) (FFT) that respectively data in each window are done with 77 points, modulus are worth energy spectrum:
Yi(k), i=1,2 ..., 77；K=1,2 ..., 77, and obtain frequency spectrum collection f (k), k=1,2 ..., 77.
Due to symmetry, half is only taken: energy spectrum Yi(k), i=1,2 ..., fn；K=1,2 ..., 39, frequency spectrum collection
For f (k), k=1,2 ..., 39.
Step 4, in energy spectrum Yi(k) peak-peak Mp is found ini, i=1,2 ..., and corresponding frequency spectrum wire size fmi,
I=1,2 ..., 77 are calculated the corresponding frequency of peak-peak
If step 5, Mpfi, i=1,2 ..., 77 is complete equal, then S (n)=0, goes to step 6；If Mpfi, i=1,
2 ..., 77 is not all equal, two different frequencies must occurs, is f by the frequency occurred after window sliding sequence.It finds and meets
Peak-peak frequency MpfiManifold Φ secondary equal to the sliding of frequency f condition=i | MpfiTime manifold is being slided in=f&1≤i≤77
Peak value maximum point Mp=max (Mpi), corresponding sliding points S (n) of i ∈ Φ, 1≤n≤5, i.e., with position Pst (n) are found in Φ
On the basis of sliding sampling number.
If step 6, n≤4, change base position is Pst (n+1)=Pst (n)+77,1≤n≤4, as (n+1)th time
Sign synchronization base position, goes to step 2；Otherwise 7 are gone to step.
Step 7 has been obtained sliding sampling number S (n) by 5 distinct symbols base positions, and 1≤n≤5 calculate average sliding
Dynamic sampling numberWhereinIt is not 0 number for S (n).The timing of final sign synchronization
Position is Pos (n)=Pst (n)+Saver,1≤n≤5。
The Symbol Timing absolute error and error performance comparing result of the present invention program and fixed frequency point maximum peak search method
It is as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4 respectively, the results showed that under short frequency Selective Fading Channel, when signal-to-noise ratio EbN0 is 20dB, benefit
With method of the invention, the estimation of Symbol Timing absolute error is remained to be maintained at 1/10 symbol or so.The present invention program symbol
The absolute error and error performance of number timing are superior to fixed frequency point maximum peak search method.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of blind symbol timing synchronization method of short wave channel based on data frequency energy peak, this method comprises:
Step 1 obtains r (l), l=1,2 after sampling to reception signal r (t) with sample frequency Fs ... N, N are indicated per number all the way
According to length, then acquire by known character rate Symr and sample frequency Fs the sampling number Nsamp in a symbol；With signal
Any position Pst (n) in section, n=1 indicates the number of current base location with n as first time sign synchronization benchmark, wherein 1
≤ n≤5 take 5 sub-symbol synchronous bases in total；
Step 2, since base position, with the window Analysis on Selecting data of length fl=Nsamp:
{r1(m),r2(m),...rfn(m), m=1,2 ..., fl }, it is slided every time using a sampled point as step-length, sampled point
Sliding number is indicated with i, wherein 1≤i≤Nsamp, is slided Nsamp times, total window number fn=Nsamp in total；
Step 3, the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) that respectively data in each window are done with fl point, modulus are worth energy spectrum: Yi(k), i=1,
2,...,fn；K=1,2 ..., fl, and obtain frequency spectrum collection f (k), k=1,2 ..., fl；Due to symmetry, half is only taken
: energy spectrum isFrequency spectrum collection is
Step 4, in energy spectrum Yi(k) peak-peak Mp is found ini, i=1,2 ..., fn,
And corresponding frequency spectrum wire size fmi, i=1, the corresponding frequency of peak-peak is calculated in 2...f, n
If step 5, Mpfi, i=1,2 ..., fn is entirely equal, then S (n)=0, goes to step 6；If Mpfi, i=1,2 ...,
Fn is not all equal, two different frequencies must occurs, is f by the frequency occurred after window sliding sequence；Searching meets maximum peak
It is worth frequency MpfiManifold Φ secondary equal to the sliding of frequency f condition=i | Mpfi=f&1≤i≤fn }, it is looked in sliding time manifold Φ
To peak value maximum point Mp=max (Mpi), corresponding sliding points S (n) of i ∈ Φ, 1≤n≤5, i.e., on the basis of position Pst (n)
Sliding sampling number；
If step 6, n≤4, change base position is Pst (n+1)=Pst (n)+Nsamp, and 1≤n≤4 are accorded with as (n+1)th time
Number synchronous base position, goes to step 2；Otherwise 7 are gone to step；
Step 7 has been obtained sliding sampling number S (n) by 5 distinct symbols base positions, and 1≤n≤5 calculate slip and adopt
Number of samplesWhereinIt is not 0 number for S (n)；The timing position of final sign synchronization
For Pos (n)=Pst (n)+Saver,1≤n≤5。
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