CN109104215A - A kind of Frequency Hopping Signal chip rate blind estimating method based on wavelet transformation - Google Patents
A kind of Frequency Hopping Signal chip rate blind estimating method based on wavelet transformation Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
- H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
- H04B1/7073—Synchronisation aspects
- H04B1/70735—Code identification
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
- H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
- H04B1/7073—Synchronisation aspects
- H04B1/7075—Synchronisation aspects with code phase acquisition
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
- H04L1/0036—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff arrangements specific to the receiver
- H04L1/0038—Blind format detection
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Frequency Hopping Signal chip rate blind estimating method based on wavelet transformation, is related to Frequency-hopping Communication Technology field, the present invention includes the following steps: S1: carrying out parameter Estimation to Frequency Hopping Signal, obtains symbol rate estimation value；S2: the wavelet scale factor is initialized according to symbol rate estimation value；S3: wavelet transformation is carried out using wavelet scale factor pair Frequency Hopping Signal, acquires wavelet conversion coefficient modulus value；S4: the chip rate in wavelet conversion coefficient modulus value is extracted by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), obtains new symbol rate estimation value；S5: judge whether to meet iteration termination condition, satisfaction then exports new symbol rate estimation value；Otherwise, the wavelet scale factor is updated according to new symbol rate estimation value, continue iteration, the present invention is by being constantly iterated update to the wavelet scale factor, obtain optimal wavelet scale factor, the optimization for realizing the wavelet scale factor, improves the validity and accuracy of Frequency Hopping Signal chip rate blind estimate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Frequency-hopping Communication Technology fields, more particularly to a kind of Frequency Hopping Signal code based on wavelet transformation
First rate blind estimating method.
Background technique
A kind of mode of the frequency hopping communications as spread spectrum communication has strong antijamming capability, good concealment, achievable code point more
The advantages that location, shows huge superiority in the electronic warfare of present modern, has become in military communication using most
For a kind of extensive, effective communication mode.In order to complete the combat mission of communication countermeasure, generally require enemy's signal of communication not
In the case where knowing, the detection and estimation of signal are completed.Chip rate is to have solved to jump the important parameter that signal is demodulated, and is correctly estimated
Meter chip rate, which is just able to achieve, to be demodulated and recovers raw information.Thus, the research of symbol rate estimation method is had become and is worked as
One hot topic in modern frequency hopping communications field both at home and abroad is effectively estimated signal element rate and will be helpful to accurately to obtain enemy and leads to
Letter information, and implement effectively interference.
Current existing symbol rate estimation method mainly has following three kinds:
1, based on the estimation method of cyclostationarity: being searched by the circulation auto-correlation of same loop frequency different delayed time
Rope chip rate, this estimation method is designed according to signal cycle smooth performance, although efficiently solving stationary signal symbol
The problem of rate estimates, but since Frequency Hopping Signal is the non-stationary signal of quefrency nonlinear change at any time, so base
Frequency Hopping Signal directly can not be effectively extended in the estimation method of cyclostationarity；
2, based on the estimation method of envelope spectrum: the cycle frequency by extracting Nonlinear Transformation of Signals knows chip rate,
This method can generate the ambient noise for being unfavorable for spectral line extraction, individual noise components when serious when carrying out nonlinear transformation
Amplitude may be more than chip rate discrete spectral line, lead to full of prunes estimated result, therefore such method cannot directly have
Effect completes the symbol rate estimation of Frequency Hopping Signal；
3, based on the estimation method of wavelet transformation: wavelet transformation has good local character on time-frequency domain, can be quasi-
True earth's surface reference time-frequency characteristics, the effectively transient changing situation of tracking frequency, while also having the characteristics that arithmetic speed is fast,
It can concentrate signal energy, and the signal message after making wavelet transformation is only focusing only on a few transformation coefficient, most
Transformation coefficient is zero, this facilitates the time complexity and space complexity that reduce wavelet transformation.
However when using wavelet transformation, there are problems that wavelet transform dimension predictor selection, the wavelet transform dimension factor
Selection have a significant impact to the estimation performance of signal element rate: scale factor choose it is too small, the result of wavelet transformation is low
By the strong influence by noise under signal-to-noise ratio environment, it is unfavorable for the estimation of chip rate；Scale factor selection is excessive, although meeting
Inhibit the influence of noise, but can also reduce or even flood local peaking simultaneously, influences the accurate positioning of peak point.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to: it is deposited to solve the scale factor selection of the existing estimation method based on wavelet transformation
It will lead to the problem of signal element rate can not accurately be estimated, the present invention mentions when choosing inappropriate scale factor in blind spot
For a kind of Frequency Hopping Signal chip rate blind estimating method based on wavelet transformation.
The present invention specifically uses following technical scheme to achieve the goals above:
A kind of Frequency Hopping Signal chip rate blind estimating method based on wavelet transformation, includes the following steps:
S1: parameter Estimation is carried out to Frequency Hopping Signal using combination spectrogram method, the parameter obtained according to estimation is to Frequency Hopping Signal
Solution jump is carried out, then the bandwidth of signal after solution is jumped is obtained using center frequency method, is realized according to bandwidth to signal element rate
Rough estimate obtains initial symbol rate estimates value；
S2: the wavelet scale factor is initialized according to initial symbol rate estimates value, and sets primary iteration error
△ a=0；
S3: wavelet transformation is carried out using wavelet scale factor pair Frequency Hopping Signal, acquires wavelet conversion coefficient modulus value；
S4: extracting the chip rate in wavelet conversion coefficient modulus value by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), obtains new symbol speed
Rate estimated value；
S5: subtract each other the current wavelet scale factor and the previous wavelet scale factor to obtain iteration error, work as iteration error
Less than setting threshold value when, iteration terminates, and exports new symbol rate estimation value；Otherwise, according to new symbol rate estimation value
The wavelet scale factor is updated, S3 is returned and continues iteration.
Further, the S1 specifically comprises the following steps:
S1.1: Frequency Hopping Signal parameter Estimation
Time frequency analysis is carried out to Frequency Hopping Signal respectively using the window function of two kinds of different lengths, and to two time frequency analysis results
Final time frequency analysis result is obtained with Hadamard product operation；On the basis of combining spectrogram method, using first difference method pair
The time-frequency crestal line of final time frequency analysis result is handled, and the parameters such as Hopping frequencies, hop cycle and jumping moment are obtained；
S1.2: Frequency Hopping Signal solution is jumped
Solution jump is carried out to Frequency Hopping Signal using parameters such as Hopping frequencies, hop cycle and jumping moments；
S1.3: the rough estimate of chip rate
Signal after being jumped using center frequency method to solution carries out bandwidth estimation, by estimating that obtained bandwidth obtains initial code
First rate estimates value.
Further, to the formula of wavelet scale factor initialization in the S2 are as follows:
Wherein, a0Indicate the wavelet scale factor of initialization, fsIndicate sample frequency,Indicate initial symbol rate estimates
Value, μ indicate coefficient, and 0 < μ < 1.
Further, wavelet transformation is carried out as the change of Harr small echo using wavelet scale factor pair Frequency Hopping Signal in the S3
It changes, the Harr wavelet transformation formula are as follows:
Wherein, s (t) indicates that Frequency Hopping Signal, ψ (t) indicate morther wavelet, ψa(t) indicate that sub- small echo, symbol " * " indicate multiple total
Yoke, a indicate the wavelet scale factor, and τ indicates shift factor.
Further, S4 specifically comprises the following steps:
S4.1: Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)
DC component is removed to wavelet conversion coefficient modulus value, then carries out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), obtains believing comprising frequency hopping
The Fourier transformation result of number member rate information；
S4.2: peak value searching is carried out to the result of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), obtains serial number corresponding to first spectrum peak
m；
S4.3: according to formulaNew symbol rate estimation value is obtained, wherein i indicates the number of iterations, i
>=1,Indicate the symbol rate estimation value of the i-th wheel iteration, Z is Fourier transformation points.
Further, the formula wavelet scale factor being updated according to new symbol rate estimation value in the S5
Are as follows:
Wherein, aiIndicate the wavelet scale factor of the i-th wheel iteration.
Further, when iteration error is not restrained in the S5, when the number of iterations of the current iteration number greater than setting, repeatedly
In generation, terminates.
Further, S1~S5 is performed a plurality of times, each symbol rate estimation value addition for executing final output is averaged
Value, can obtain more accurate symbol rate estimation value.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
1, the present invention obtains optimal wavelet scale factor, realizes by being constantly iterated update to the wavelet scale factor
The optimization of the wavelet scale factor improves the validity and accuracy of Frequency Hopping Signal chip rate blind estimate.
2, the present invention realizes the partial transformation of Time And Frequency by Harr wavelet transformation, passes through flexible and shifted wavelet letter
Several methods carries out Multi-scale Time-Frequency Analysis to Frequency Hopping Signal, obtains wavelet conversion coefficient, so as to efficiently from Frequency Hopping Signal
Extract required for information, solve conventional Fourier transform cannot simultaneously asking from time and frequency domain analysis signal local feature
Topic.
3, S1~S5 is performed a plurality of times in order to eliminate interference of the other factors such as noise to symbol rate estimation value in the present invention,
The final symbol rate estimation value addition that each execution is obtained is averaged, and can be obtained more accurate chip rate and be estimated
Evaluation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 flow chart of the method for the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to which those skilled in the art better understand the present invention, with reference to the accompanying drawing with following embodiment to the present invention
It is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, the present embodiment provides a kind of Frequency Hopping Signal chip rate blind estimating method based on wavelet transformation, this
The method of embodiment is based on Frequency Hopping Signal preprocessing module, scale factor optimization module, wavelet transformation module and chip rate and estimates
Module is counted, the Frequency Hopping Signal preprocessing module is believed with frequency hopping first for realizing the rough estimate of Frequency Hopping Signal chip rate
It number is sampled, and time frequency analysis is carried out to the sequence that sampling obtains using combination spectrogram method, obtain the frequency hopping frequency of Frequency Hopping Signal
The parameters such as rate, hop cycle and jumping moment, and then solution jump is carried out to Frequency Hopping Signal, it obtains believing after solution is jumped using center frequency method
Number bandwidth, by bandwidth to Frequency Hopping Signal chip rate carry out rough estimate；
The chip rate that scale factor optimization module is estimated using Frequency Hopping Signal preprocessing module is to the wavelet scale factor
It is initialized, then obtains the symbol rate estimation of first time iteration using wavelet transformation module and symbol rate estimation module
Value, and symbol rate estimation value substitution scale factor optimization module is calculated into the new wavelet scale factor, by constantly changing
In generation, updates the wavelet scale factor, realizes the optimization of the wavelet scale factor；
Wavelet transformation module does Harr wavelet transformation to Frequency Hopping Signal and carries out modulo operation to wavelet coefficient, obtains small echo
Transformation coefficient modulus value realizes the partial transformation of Time And Frequency, by flexible and translation wavelet function method to Frequency Hopping Signal
Multi-scale Time-Frequency Analysis is carried out, wavelet coefficient is obtained, so as to efficiently extract required information, solution from Frequency Hopping Signal
Certainly conventional Fourier transform cannot be simultaneously from time domain and the problem of frequency-domain analysis signal local feature；
The wavelet conversion coefficient mould that symbol rate estimation module obtains wavelet transformation module using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)
Value converts, and obtains the Fourier transformation comprising Frequency Hopping Signal chip rate information as a result, due to the peak value after Fourier transformation
The integral multiple of Frequency Hopping Signal code-element period is corresponded to, therefore peak value searching is carried out to the result of Fourier transformation again, obtains first
Serial number m corresponding to a peak value, and utilize formulaChip rate is estimated；
The Frequency Hopping Signal chip rate blind estimating method of the present embodiment, includes the following steps:
S1: parameter Estimation is carried out to Frequency Hopping Signal using combination spectrogram method, the parameter obtained according to estimation is to Frequency Hopping Signal
Solution jump is carried out, then the bandwidth of signal after solution is jumped is obtained using center frequency method, is realized according to bandwidth to signal element rate
Rough estimate obtains symbol rate estimation value, specifically:
S1.1: Frequency Hopping Signal parameter Estimation
Time frequency analysis is carried out to Frequency Hopping Signal respectively using the window function of two kinds of different lengths, and to two time frequency analysis results
The final time frequency analysis result with preferable time-frequency focusing is obtained with Hadamard product operation；On the basis of combination spectrogram method
On, it is handled using time-frequency crestal line of the first difference method to final time frequency analysis result, obtains Hopping frequencies, hop cycle and jump
Become the parameters such as moment；
S1.2: Frequency Hopping Signal solution is jumped
Solution jump is carried out to Frequency Hopping Signal using parameters such as Hopping frequencies, hop cycle and jumping moments, since Frequency Hopping Signal exists
It is equal to normal signal on narrowband, Frequency Hopping Signal processing is equal at this time, normal signal is handled, therefore in known jump
Under the premise of the parameters such as frequent rate, hop cycle and jumping moment, solution jump is carried out to Frequency Hopping Signal；
S1.3: the rough estimate of chip rate
Signal after being jumped using center frequency method to solution carries out bandwidth estimation, by estimating that obtained bandwidth obtains initial code
First rate estimates value
S2: according to symbol rate estimation valueThe wavelet scale factor is initialized, and sets primary iteration error delta
A=0；
The noise introduced in Frequency Hopping Signal transmission process false extreme point can occur in wavelet field, influence the standard of chip rate
It really extracts, wavelet scale is too small, and the result of wavelet transformation is under low signal-to-noise ratio environment by the strong influence by noise；Small echo ruler
It spends greatly, and can reduce or even flood local extremum, influence the detection of symbol trip point, therefore in order to guarantee to pass through wavelet transformation
It is able to detect that symbol trip point, the selection of the wavelet scale factor needs to meet formula:
Wherein, a0Indicate the wavelet scale factor of initialization, fsIndicate sample frequency,Indicate initial symbol rate estimates
Value, μ indicate coefficient, and 0 < μ < 1；
By analyze the different wavelet scale factors (the wavelet scale factor from 1 to 200 between with 1 for interval totally 200 rulers
Spend parameter) influence in low signal-to-noise ratio and two kinds of high s/n ratio to Frequency Hopping Signal symbol rate estimation accuracy rate, discovery
The influence of wavelet scale factor pair symbol rate estimation accuracy rate is at cyclically-varying.But under low signal-to-noise ratio situation, periodically
It will thicken, the chip rate accuracy rate peak atenuation speed after a cycle is greatly speeded up, since second period,
Chip rate accuracy rate peak value is far smaller than previous cycle peak, if choosing the chip rate peak value after a cycle at this time
The corresponding wavelet scale factor, will lead to cannot correct estimating code element rate, based on above-mentioned analysis, the wavelet scale factor is in code
Near first rate accuracy rate peak valueValue is all feasible in range, the present embodiment selectionThe wavelet scale factor of initialization as wavelet transformation；
S3: wavelet transformation is carried out using wavelet scale factor pair Frequency Hopping Signal, acquires wavelet conversion coefficient modulus value；
In such a way that a primary modulation is FSK, chip rate 100Bd, sample frequency fsFor 4000HZ, frequency hopping rate is
For the Frequency Hopping Signal of 50hops/s, wavelet transformation is carried out when Harr small echo is located in a symbol period to the Frequency Hopping Signal
When, Harr wavelet transformation are as follows:
Wherein, s (t) indicates that primary modulation is the Frequency Hopping Signal of FSK mode, and ψ (t) indicates morther wavelet, ψa(t) indicate that son is small
Wave, symbol " * " indicate complex conjugate, and a indicates the wavelet scale factor, and τ indicates shift factor；
Therefore, when Harr wavelet transformation is located in a symbol period, the wavelet conversion coefficient modulus value of Frequency Hopping Signal are as follows:
Wherein, s indicates Frequency Hopping Signal power, ωcIndicate carrier frequency, ωjIndicate j-th of symbol frequency；M indicates symbol
Number；
S4: extracting the chip rate in wavelet conversion coefficient modulus value by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), obtains new symbol speed
Rate estimated value, specifically comprises the following steps:
S4.1: Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)
DC component is removed to wavelet conversion coefficient modulus value, then carries out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), obtains believing comprising frequency hopping
The Fourier transformation result of number member rate information；
S4.2: peak value searching is carried out to the result of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), obtains serial number corresponding to first spectrum peak
m；
S4.3: according to formulaNew symbol rate estimation value is obtained, wherein i indicates the number of iterations, i
>=1,Indicate the symbol rate estimation value of the i-th wheel iteration, Z is Fourier transformation points；
S5: subtract each other the current wavelet scale factor and the previous wavelet scale factor to obtain iteration error, work as iteration error
Less than setting threshold value when, iteration terminates, if iteration error is not restrained, when current iteration number be greater than setting the number of iterations
When, iteration terminates, and exports new symbol rate estimation value；Otherwise, according to new symbol rate estimation value to the wavelet scale factor
It is updated, returns to S3 and continue iteration；
The formula that the wavelet scale factor is updated are as follows:
Wherein, aiIndicate the wavelet scale factor of the i-th wheel iteration；
In the present embodiment, since S2 sets primary iteration error delta a=0, then two-wheeled iteration is at least carried out, that is, obtained
To the symbol rate estimation value of first round iterationIt afterwards, can be according to symbol rate estimation valueThe wavelet scale factor is carried out more
Newly, the wavelet scale factor a of first round iteration is obtained1, then again by wavelet scale factor a1It substitutes into S3 and S4 to be calculated, obtain
It arrivesIteration error is judged again, therefore the wavelet scale factor of the present embodiment always lags behind symbol rate estimation value
's；
In order to eliminate interference of the other factors such as noise to symbol rate estimation value, S1~S5 is performed a plurality of times in the present embodiment,
The final symbol rate estimation value addition that each execution is obtained is averaged, and can be obtained more accurate chip rate and be estimated
Evaluation.
The above, only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, are not intended to limit the invention, patent protection model of the invention
It encloses and is subject to claims, it is all to change with equivalent structure made by specification and accompanying drawing content of the invention, similarly
It should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of Frequency Hopping Signal chip rate blind estimating method based on wavelet transformation, which comprises the steps of:
S1: parameter Estimation is carried out to Frequency Hopping Signal using combination spectrogram method, Frequency Hopping Signal is carried out according to the parameter that estimation obtains
Solution is jumped, and is then obtained the bandwidth of signal after solution is jumped using center frequency method, is realized according to bandwidth to the rough of signal element rate
Estimation, obtains initial symbol rate estimates value；
S2: the wavelet scale factor is initialized according to initial symbol rate estimates value, and sets primary iteration error delta a=
0；
S3: wavelet transformation is carried out using wavelet scale factor pair Frequency Hopping Signal, acquires wavelet conversion coefficient modulus value；
S4: the chip rate in wavelet conversion coefficient modulus value is extracted by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), new chip rate is obtained and estimates
Evaluation；
S5: subtract each other the current wavelet scale factor and the previous wavelet scale factor to obtain iteration error, when iteration error is less than
When the threshold value of setting, iteration terminates, and exports new symbol rate estimation value；Otherwise, according to new symbol rate estimation value to small
Wave scale factor is updated, and is returned to S3 and is continued iteration.
2. a kind of Frequency Hopping Signal chip rate blind estimating method based on wavelet transformation according to claim 1, feature
It is, the S1 specifically comprises the following steps:
S1.1: Frequency Hopping Signal parameter Estimation
Time frequency analysis is carried out to Frequency Hopping Signal respectively using the window function of two kinds of different lengths, and to two time frequency analysis application of results
Hadamard product operation obtains final time frequency analysis result；On the basis of combining spectrogram method, using first difference method to final
The time-frequency crestal line of time frequency analysis result is handled, and the parameters such as Hopping frequencies, hop cycle and jumping moment are obtained；
S1.2: Frequency Hopping Signal solution is jumped
Solution jump is carried out to Frequency Hopping Signal using parameters such as Hopping frequencies, hop cycle and jumping moments；
S1.3: the rough estimate of chip rate
Signal after being jumped using center frequency method to solution carries out bandwidth estimation, by estimating that obtained bandwidth obtains initial symbol speed
Rate estimated value.
3. a kind of Frequency Hopping Signal chip rate blind estimating method based on wavelet transformation according to claim 1, feature
It is, to the formula of wavelet scale factor initialization in the S2 are as follows:
Wherein, a0Indicate the wavelet scale factor of initialization, fsIndicate sample frequency,Indicate initial symbol rate estimates value,
μ indicates coefficient, and 0 < μ < 1.
4. a kind of Frequency Hopping Signal chip rate blind estimating method based on wavelet transformation according to claim 1, feature
It is, carrying out wavelet transformation using wavelet scale factor pair Frequency Hopping Signal in the S3 is Harr wavelet transformation, and the Harr is small
Wave conversion formula are as follows:
Wherein, s (t) indicates that Frequency Hopping Signal, ψ (t) indicate morther wavelet, ψa(t) indicate that sub- small echo, symbol " * " indicate complex conjugate, a table
Show the wavelet scale factor, τ indicates shift factor.
5. a kind of Frequency Hopping Signal chip rate blind estimating method based on wavelet transformation according to claim 1, feature
It is, the S4 specifically comprises the following steps:
S4.1: removing DC component to wavelet conversion coefficient modulus value, then carry out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), obtains believing comprising frequency hopping
The Fourier transformation result of number member rate information；
S4.2: peak value searching is carried out to the result of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), obtains serial number m corresponding to first spectrum peak；
S4.3: according to formulaNew symbol rate estimation value is obtained, wherein i expression the number of iterations, i >=1,Indicate the symbol rate estimation value of the i-th wheel iteration, Z is Fourier transformation points.
6. a kind of Frequency Hopping Signal chip rate blind estimating method based on wavelet transformation according to claim 1, feature
It is, the formula that the wavelet scale factor is updated according to new symbol rate estimation value in the S5 are as follows:
Wherein, aiIndicate the wavelet scale factor of the i-th wheel iteration.
7. a kind of Frequency Hopping Signal chip rate blind estimating method based on wavelet transformation according to claim 1, feature
It is, when iteration error is not restrained in the S5, when current iteration number is greater than the number of iterations of setting, iteration terminates.
8. a kind of Frequency Hopping Signal chip rate blind estimating method based on wavelet transformation according to claim 1, feature
It is, S1~S5 is performed a plurality of times, each symbol rate estimation value addition for executing final output is averaged, is obtained more quasi-
True symbol rate estimation value.
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| CN110690931B (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2020-12-22 | 中国科学院软件研究所 | Digital signal adaptive code rate estimation method and device based on multi-wavelet-base combination |
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