CN110289735B - Method for designing rare earth permanent magnet double-shaft counter-rotating brushless direct current motor - Google Patents
Method for designing rare earth permanent magnet double-shaft counter-rotating brushless direct current motor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a design method of a rare earth permanent magnet double-shaft contra-rotating brushless direct current motor, which is characterized by determining the technical indexes of the motor, the tail section line type of a navigation device and the installation space size of the motor, respectively performing electromagnetic calculation on a magnetic circuit 1 and a magnetic circuit 2, adjusting design parameters, and selecting a working point with the highest average efficiency, thereby determining the structural sizes of the motors of the magnetic circuit 1 and the magnetic circuit 2. The invention can complete the coupling design of a double magnetic circuit structure, designs the special-shaped motor which is adaptive to the shape of the tail section of the aircraft, and can improve the utilization rate of the tail section space of the aircraft; the overall working efficiency can be optimized, and the energy utilization efficiency is improved. The design method of the invention ensures that the obtained motor structure can efficiently operate in the service cycle of the underwater vehicle.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of underwater vehicle propulsion motors, in particular to a design method of a direct current motor.
Background
The underwater vehicle is an underwater carrier which can navigate, propel and guide automatically underwater, has the characteristics of good maneuvering performance, small volume, small noise, good concealment and the like, and has wide application prospect in the military and civil fields. The power types of underwater vehicles can be divided into two types, namely thermal power and electric power. Compared with a thermal power propulsion system, the electric power propulsion system has the characteristics of low noise, no flight path, good concealment, suitability for deep sea work, convenience in speed regulation and the like, and is widely used in underwater vehicles. At present, most underwater vehicles take storage batteries as energy storage devices, and utilize a propulsion motor to convert electric energy into mechanical energy.
The rare earth permanent magnet brushless direct current motor generates a magnetic field by the permanent magnet, does not need an excitation winding, has simple structure and small loss, has the advantages of convenient control, good speed regulation performance, high operation efficiency and the like, and is very suitable for the field of propulsion of underwater vehicles. The rare earth permanent magnet double-shaft counter-rotating brushless direct current motor for underwater propulsion adopts a double-magnetic-circuit structure, can be matched with a tail end linear shape of an aircraft in appearance to save tail end space, can realize counter-rotating drive to prevent rolling in function, and can be independently and flexibly controlled by two magnetic circuits, so that the propulsion efficiency can be obviously improved.
The traditional rare earth permanent magnet motor has relatively perfect design theory, and provides certain reference and reference for the design and analysis of the rare earth permanent magnet double-shaft counter-rotating brushless direct current motor. However, the rare earth permanent magnet double-shaft counter-rotating brushless direct current motor has two magnetic circuit systems, is special in structure, and needs two sets of magnetic circuit systems to be matched in output performance and overall dimension, so that the characteristics of output matching, high overall efficiency, high power density, space saving and the like are achieved. By adopting the traditional rare earth permanent magnet motor design method, the requirement for developing a high-performance double-shaft counter-rotating brushless direct current motor is difficult to meet by carrying out the separate design of a single magnetic circuit. Therefore, the mutual influence between the two magnetic circuit systems is considered during the design of the motor, and the study on the double-magnetic circuit coupling design method of the rare earth permanent magnet double-shaft counter-rotating brushless direct current motor is significant.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a design method of a rare earth permanent magnet double-shaft counter-rotating brushless direct current motor.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme that the steps are as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: determining technical indexes of the rare earth permanent magnet double-shaft counter-rotating brushless direct current motor, wherein the technical indexes comprise rated power, rated voltage, rated rotating speed, efficiency, operation mode, overall size and weight of the motor;
step two: determining the tail section line type of the aircraft and the installation space size of the motor, and according to the equal volume principle, namely under the condition of the total size limitation, enabling the rated power of the magnetic circuit 1 to be equal to that of the magnetic circuit 2, the space volumes of the two magnetic circuits are equal, and allocating tail section space sizes for the two magnetic circuits, wherein the tail section space sizes comprise the length of a stator in the magnetic circuit 1 and the magnetic circuit 2 and the outer diameter of the stator;
step three: respectively performing electromagnetic calculation on the magnetic circuit 1 and the magnetic circuit 2, and adjusting design parameters, wherein the design parameters comprise pre-fetching efficiency, pre-fetching pole arc coefficient, pre-fetching length-diameter ratio, motor pre-fetching line load and pre-fetching air gap flux density, so as to ensure that the overall dimension of the rare earth permanent magnet double-shaft counter-rotating brushless direct current motor meets design requirements, namely the overall diameter and the overall length of the rare earth permanent magnet double-shaft counter-rotating brushless direct current motor are both smaller than the diameter and the length specified by the technical index in the step one, and the outer diameter of a stator of the magnetic circuit 2 is;
step four: determining the load cycle characteristic of the motor in the use process, solving the total efficiency of the magnetic circuit 1 and the magnetic circuit 2 under different loads by adopting a finite element method, selecting different working points of the magnetic circuit 1 and the magnetic circuit 2 according to the principle of optimal global efficiency, calculating the total efficiency of the magnetic circuit 1 and the magnetic circuit 2 when different working points are selected, and selecting the working point with the highest average efficiency, wherein the size of the rare earth permanent magnet double-shaft counter-rotating brushless direct current motor in the process meets the total size limiting condition in the step two;
step five: and D, determining the structural sizes of the motors of the magnetic circuit 1 and the magnetic circuit 2 according to the working point with the highest average efficiency selected in the step four, wherein the structural sizes of the motors comprise the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the stator and the rotor and the thickness of the permanent magnet, calculating the magnetic field distribution of the motors by adopting a finite element method, analyzing the mutual influence among the magnetic circuits, and eliminating the magnetic field distortion generated by the mutual influence among the magnetic fields by adopting a magnetic shielding method.
And in the third step, the electromagnetic calculation comprises the main size determination, the stator structure determination, the rotor structure determination, the magnetic circuit calculation based on an analytical method and the circuit calculation of the rare earth permanent magnet double-shaft counter-rotating brushless direct current motor.
The invention has the advantages that the coupling design of the double-magnetic circuit structure can be completed, the special-shaped motor which is adaptive to the shape of the tail section of the aircraft is designed, and the utilization rate of the tail section space of the aircraft can be improved; the rare earth permanent magnet double-shaft counter-rotating brushless direct current motor designed by the method can realize the optimal overall working efficiency and improve the energy utilization efficiency. The design method of the invention ensures that the obtained motor structure can efficiently operate in the service cycle of the underwater vehicle.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the design method of the present invention
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the rare earth permanent magnet double-shaft counter-rotating brushless direct current motor.
Fig. 3 is a two-dimensional model of a magnetic circuit 1 according to the invention.
Fig. 4 is a two-dimensional model of a magnetic circuit 2 according to the invention.
Wherein, 1-magnetic circuit 1, 2-stator armature 1, 3-stator armature 2, 4-magnetic circuit 2, 5-outer shaft, 6-inner shaft, 7-motor shell, 8-rotor 1, 9-rotor 2.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
The method comprises the following steps: determining technical indexes of the rare earth permanent magnet double-shaft counter-rotating brushless direct current motor, wherein the technical indexes comprise rated power, rated voltage, rated rotating speed, efficiency, operation mode, overall size and weight of the motor;
step two: determining the line type of the tail section of the aircraft and the installation space size of the motor, and according to the equal volume principle, namely under the condition of the limitation of the overall size, enabling the rated power of the magnetic circuit 1 to be equal to that of the magnetic circuit 2, the space volumes of the two magnetic circuits are equal, so that the tail section space size is allocated to the two magnetic circuits, wherein the tail section space size comprises the length of a stator in the magnetic circuit 1 and the magnetic circuit 2 and the outer diameter of the stator, and the size allocation is to install the rare earth permanent magnet double-shaft counter-rotating brushless direct current motor into the tail;
step three: according to a rare earth permanent magnet motor design method, such as a magnetic circuit method and the like, respectively performing electromagnetic calculation on a magnetic circuit 1 and a magnetic circuit 2, and adjusting design parameters, wherein the design parameters comprise pre-fetching efficiency, pre-fetching pole arc coefficient, pre-fetching length-diameter ratio, motor pre-fetching line load and pre-fetching air gap flux density, so as to ensure that the overall dimension of the rare earth permanent magnet double-shaft counter-rotating brushless direct current motor meets design requirements, namely the overall diameter and the overall length of the rare earth permanent magnet double-shaft counter-rotating brushless direct current motor are both smaller than the diameter and the length specified by the technical index in the step one, and the outer diameter of;
step four: determining the load cycle characteristic of the motor in the use process, solving the total efficiency of the magnetic circuit 1 and the magnetic circuit 2 under different loads by adopting a finite element method, selecting different working points of the magnetic circuit 1 and the magnetic circuit 2 according to the principle of optimal global efficiency, calculating the total efficiency of the magnetic circuit 1 and the magnetic circuit 2 when different working points are selected, and selecting the working point with the highest average efficiency, wherein the size of the rare earth permanent magnet double-shaft counter-rotating brushless direct current motor in the process meets the total size limiting condition in the step two;
step five: and D, determining the structural sizes of the motors of the magnetic circuit 1 and the magnetic circuit 2 according to the working point with the highest average efficiency selected in the step four, wherein the structural sizes of the motors comprise the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the stator and the rotor, the thickness of the permanent magnet and the like, and as shown in the table 1:
TABLE 1
And calculating the magnetic field distribution of the motor by adopting a finite element method, analyzing the mutual influence among magnetic circuits, and eliminating the magnetic field distortion generated by the mutual influence among the magnetic fields by adopting a magnetic shielding method.
And in the third step, the electromagnetic calculation comprises the main size determination, the stator structure determination, the rotor structure determination, the magnetic circuit calculation based on an analytical method and the circuit calculation of the rare earth permanent magnet double-shaft counter-rotating brushless direct current motor.
The motor body of the rare earth permanent magnet double-shaft contra-rotating brushless direct current motor for the underwater vehicle propeller has the rated power of 120kW, and is of an armature winding end part nested structure with the axial arrangement of a magnetic circuit 1 and a magnetic circuit 2.
The present embodiment includes two magnetic circuits 1 and 2, an outer shaft (5), an inner shaft (6), a motor housing (7), etc., which are different in diameter and axial length (shown in fig. 2).
The two magnetic circuits both adopt a radial magnetized tile-shaped surface-mounted magnetic circuit structure and are composed of stator armatures (1) and (2) which wind three-phase flat copper wires in a trapezoid-opening fan-shaped groove, rare earth permanent magnet rotors (1) and (8) and rotors (2) and (9) (as shown in figure 2).
As shown in FIG. 1, the overall technical indexes of the motor body are firstly determined, such as the diameter of the motor body is less than or equal to 360mm, the length of the motor body is less than or equal to 550mm, the rated rotation speed is 2500r/min, and the like, and the detailed technical requirements are shown in Table 1. According to the design idea of fig. 1, various parameters of the magnetic circuit 1 and the magnetic circuit 2 are calculated by a conventional design method of the permanent magnet brushless dc motor, so as to obtain a preliminary design scheme of the magnetic circuit 1 and the magnetic circuit 2. And then judging whether the two magnetic circuits are matched in size according to the size requirement of compact structure of the motor, namely whether the inner diameter of the stator of the magnetic circuit 1 is larger than the outer diameter of the stator of the magnetic circuit 2. If the condition is not met, the design parameters of the magnetic circuit 1 and the magnetic circuit 2 need to be adjusted according to the overall design index requirements, and otherwise, the load cycle finite element performance calculation of the magnetic circuit 1 and the magnetic circuit 2 can be carried out. Determining the load cycle characteristic of the motor in the use process, respectively calculating the efficiencies of the magnetic circuit 1 and the magnetic circuit 2 under different loads by adopting a finite element method, selecting the working points of the magnetic circuit 1 and the magnetic circuit 2 according to the principle of global efficiency optimization, if the overall efficiency of the motor is not satisfied, adjusting the design parameters of the magnetic circuit 1 and the magnetic circuit 2 again, continuously iterating, otherwise, obtaining the design scheme of the motor.
As shown in fig. 2, the whole motor is a combined special-shaped structure, and when the magnetic circuit structure of the motor is formed, the inner diameter of the stator of the magnetic circuit 1 should be larger than the outer diameter of the stator of the magnetic circuit 2, so that the inner diameter of the armature winding end of the magnetic circuit 1 is larger than the outer diameter of the armature winding end of the magnetic circuit 2. The combination of the sizes is characterized in that: the end winding of the armature of the magnetic circuit 2 close to the magnetic circuit 1 is sleeved into the end winding of the armature of the magnetic circuit 1 close to the magnetic circuit 2, so that the axial occupied space of the motor body is reduced.
As shown in fig. 2, the output shaft of the magnetic circuit 2 is a hollow sleeve shaft, i.e., the outer shaft 5, and the output shaft of the magnetic circuit 1 is a solid shaft, i.e., the inner shaft (6). Meanwhile, the inner diameter of the outer shaft (5) is ensured to be larger than the outer diameter of the inner shaft, so that the inner shaft (6) can penetrate through the shaft hole of the middle and outer shafts (5) to form a penetrating sleeve of the inner shaft and the outer shaft, and the counter-rotating output of the double shafts is realized.
The two-dimensional model of the magnetic circuit 1 obtained by the design of the above-described flow is shown in fig. 3, and the two-dimensional model of the magnetic circuit 2 obtained is shown in fig. 4.
In addition to the design, manufacture and assembly, the design, manufacture and assembly of other parts are carried out according to the design standard of the motor.
Claims (2)
1. A method for designing a rare earth permanent magnet double-shaft counter-rotating brushless direct current motor is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining technical indexes of the rare earth permanent magnet double-shaft counter-rotating brushless direct current motor, wherein the technical indexes comprise rated power, rated voltage, rated rotating speed, efficiency, operation mode, overall size and weight of the motor;
step two: determining the linear shape of the tail section of the aircraft and the installation space size of the motor, and according to the equal volume principle, namely under the condition of the overall size limitation, the rated power of a magnetic circuit 1(1) and the rated power of a magnetic circuit 2(4) are equal, the space volumes of the two magnetic circuits are equal, and the tail section space size is allocated to the two magnetic circuits, wherein the tail section space size comprises the length of a stator in the magnetic circuit 1(1) and the magnetic circuit 2(4) and the outer diameter of the stator;
the two magnetic circuits both adopt a radial magnetized tile-shaped surface-mounted magnetic circuit structure and consist of a stator armature and a rare earth permanent magnet rotor which wind a three-phase flat copper wire in a trapezoid-opening fan-shaped groove, the whole motor is of a combined special-shaped structure, when the magnetic circuit structure of the motor is formed, the inner diameter of the stator of a magnetic circuit 1(1) is larger than the outer diameter of the stator of a magnetic circuit 2(4), the inner diameter of the armature winding end of the magnetic circuit 1(1) is larger than the outer diameter of the armature winding end of the magnetic circuit 2(4), the output shaft of the magnetic circuit 2(4) is a hollow sleeve shaft, namely an outer shaft (5), the output shaft of the magnetic circuit 1(1) is a solid shaft, namely an inner shaft (6), and meanwhile, the inner diameter of the outer shaft (5) is ensured to be larger than the outer diameter of the inner shaft, so that the inner shaft (6) can pass through the;
step three: respectively performing electromagnetic calculation on the magnetic circuit 1(1) and the magnetic circuit 2(4), and adjusting design parameters, wherein the design parameters comprise pre-fetching efficiency, pre-fetching pole arc coefficient, pre-fetching length-diameter ratio, motor pre-fetching line load and pre-fetching air gap flux density, so as to ensure that the overall dimension of the rare earth permanent magnet double-shaft counter-rotating brushless direct current motor meets the design requirement, namely the overall diameter and the overall length of the rare earth permanent magnet double-shaft counter-rotating brushless direct current motor are both smaller than the diameter and the length specified by the technical index in the step one, and the outer diameter of the stator of the magnetic circuit 2(4) is smaller than the inner diameter;
step four: determining load cycle characteristics of the motor in the using process, solving the total efficiency of the magnetic circuits 1(1) and 2(4) under different loads by adopting a finite element method, selecting different working points of the magnetic circuits 1(1) and 2(4) according to the principle of optimal global efficiency, calculating the total efficiency of the magnetic circuits 1(1) and 2(4) when different working points are selected, and selecting the working point with the highest average efficiency, wherein the size of the rare earth permanent magnet double-shaft counter-rotating brushless direct current motor in the process meets the total size limiting condition in the second step;
step five: and D, determining the structural sizes of the motors of the magnetic circuits 1(1) and the magnetic circuits 2(4) according to the working points with the highest average efficiency selected in the step four, wherein the structural sizes of the motors comprise the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the stator and the rotor and the thickness of the permanent magnet, calculating the magnetic field distribution of the motors by adopting a finite element method, analyzing the mutual influence among the magnetic circuits, and eliminating the magnetic field distortion generated by the mutual influence among the magnetic fields by adopting a magnetic shielding method.
2. The method for designing a rare earth permanent magnet double-shaft counter-rotating brushless direct current motor according to claim 1, characterized in that:
and in the third step, the electromagnetic calculation comprises the main size determination, the stator structure determination, the rotor structure determination, the magnetic circuit calculation based on an analytical method and the circuit calculation of the rare earth permanent magnet double-shaft counter-rotating brushless direct current motor.
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